Multispectral potato defect detecting and removing machine

Abstract

The invention relates to a multispectral potato defect detecting and removing machine which comprises a rolling bar lifting mechanism for driving potatoes to rotate and guiding and transporting the potatoes, and an optical black box for carrying out nondestructive detection on surface and internal defects of the potatoes, the rejecting mechanism is used for controlling the falling points of the potatoes along with the falling of the potatoes to realize sorting; and the receiving mechanism is provided with two layers of conveying devices for classifying the potatoes. The system is stable in operation, high in automation degree and suitable for a large-scale automatic potato sorting production line, and an automatic potato optimization link with low misjudgment rate and high efficiency is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a multi-spectral potato defect detection and removal machine, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product sorting. Background Art

[0002] China is a major potato producer in the world. In recent years, China's potato planting area has remained stable at 70 million mu, and its output has reached nearly 96 million tons, accounting for about a quarter of the world's total, ranking first in the world. However, according to FAO statistics, more than 60% of potatoes in the United States are used for deep processing, and only 25% of potatoes are used for direct consumption, while in my country, 65.9% of potatoes are used for fresh consumption, and only 9% of potatoes are used for processing, with low processing utilization and value-added rates.

[0003] Existing potato defect detection and sorting machines usually use ordinary visual inspection and mechanical sorting methods. Under a high defect detection rate, the efficiency is often limited and only a single recognition form can be used, which is not enough to support the development of related industrial industries. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problem that the existing potato defect detection and sorting machinery has limited efficiency and can only adopt a single recognition form, which is insufficient to support the development of related industrial industries, the present invention provides a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine with stable operation and high degree of automation. It is suitable for large-scale automatic potato sorting production lines, and realizes a low misjudgment rate and high-efficiency automatic potato selection process.

[0005] A multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine includes a roller lifting mechanism for driving potatoes to rotate and for introducing and transporting potatoes, an optical black box for non-destructive detection of surface and internal defects of potatoes, a rejection mechanism for controlling the falling point of potatoes to achieve sorting as potatoes fall, and a receiving mechanism with two-layer conveying devices for classifying potatoes;

[0006] The roller lifting mechanism includes a supporting structure with one side higher than the other, a roller chain laid in the supporting structure, a power structure and a transmission structure for transmitting power to the roller chain to drive the potatoes to rotate; the supporting structure with one side lower is equipped with a hopper; the roller chains are distributed on the supporting structure, driven by a sprocket chain, and driven by a gear rack to generate passive rotation.

[0007] The optical black box is installed above the high side of the support structure of the support frame, and is provided with a light source and a plurality of cameras to take images of the flat part of the roller lifting mechanism, analyze the potato quality in real time and send a rejection signal to the rejection mechanism;

[0008] The rejecting mechanism is installed at the end of the horizontal frame on the high side of the supporting structure of the supporting frame, facing the output port of the roller lifting mechanism, and includes a rejecting unit for sorting potatoes and a pneumatic device for providing power to the rejecting unit;

[0009] The receiving mechanism comprises two layers of conveying devices for receiving the sorted potatoes. The upper conveying device is provided with a certain inclination angle and a flexible structure to avoid damage to the potatoes; the lower conveying device is provided with a baffle to block its falling trajectory.

[0010] The support structure includes a support frame and a support plate. The support frame is provided with a horizontal frame extending outward and used to support the rejection mechanism, which is welded and fixed at the output port. The support plate is installed on the support frame to carry the power structure, transmission structure and roller chain, and is provided with a shell for carrying the optical black box. The support frame is welded by Gb / 6728-1986 square hollow steel 050×50×2. The support plate is a sheet metal part.

[0011] The transmission structure also includes a driving sprocket and a driven sprocket, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, a bearing seat and a coupling, wherein the sprocket is mounted on the driving shaft fixed to the motor output shaft; the driving shaft is mounted on the bearing seat, and two bearing seats are mounted in parallel on both sides of the support structure, and the driving shaft passes through the bearing seat and the sprockets on both sides in sequence and is fixed to the output hole of the reduction box; the driven sprocket passes through the bearing seat and the sprockets on both sides in sequence by the driven shaft, and is fixed to the support frame by the bearing seat; the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are meshed with the chain gap of the roller chain;

[0012] The power structure includes a first motor for providing sprocket power and a reduction box for increasing output torque.

[0013] The roller chain includes a roller, a support rod, a gear sleeve and a chain; bearings are embedded on the inner surfaces of both sides of the roller, and are fixed by support rods passing through the bearings on both sides, and the support rods are fixed to the chain shafts on both sides; gear sleeves are embedded on the outer surfaces of both sides of the roller, and the gear sleeves are engaged with the racks fixed on the support plates for passive transmission; the support rods are fixed to the inter-chain connecting shafts at intervals of several chain links, and the intervals between adjacent support rods are consistent; a shaft sleeve is provided on the outer side of the inter-chain connecting shaft, the diameter of the shaft sleeve is higher than the width of the chain surface, and is mounted on the support plate.

[0014] The rejecting mechanism includes a base box installed on a supporting frame, a limit cross bar welded to the front side of the base box, a rejecting rod installed on the limit cross bar through a rejecting rod joint, one end of the cylinder is installed on the rejecting rod, and the other end is installed on the base box through a cylinder bracket, a manifold is fixed inside the base box, and the solenoid valves are arranged and fixed on the manifold, each cylinder is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve and connected to the air source through the manifold, and the cover plate is installed on the base box through a third hinge.

[0015] The optical black box comprises a right warehouse board, a left warehouse board, a front baffle and a rear baffle, a warehouse door is installed on the right warehouse board and the left warehouse board through a first hinge, a warehouse door retaining ring is installed on the right warehouse board and the left warehouse board through a loose-leaf hinge, a dust belt is installed on the front baffle and the rear baffle, a support bar and a camera cross bar are installed between the right warehouse board and the left warehouse board, a camera is installed on the camera cross bar, a gas spring support is installed on the right warehouse board and the left warehouse board, one end of the gas spring is installed on the gas spring support, and the other end is installed on the top cover. The warehouse door is installed on the left warehouse board and the right warehouse board through a hinge, and the warehouse door is opened and closed by the warehouse door retaining ring, so that the warehouse door can only be opened in one direction.

[0016] The receiving mechanism includes a receiving frame, the conveyor frame is installed on the receiving frame through an adjusting member, the active roller and the driven roller are both installed on the second bearing seat, the active roller is connected to the second motor, the second bearing seat is installed on the conveyor frame, the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt are installed between the active roller and the driven roller, and the first baffle and the second baffle are both installed on the conveyor frame. The support plate is installed inside a single conveyor belt and fixed on the frame to support the upper layer of the ring conveyor belt; the adjusting member is installed on the side of the conveyor belt and is provided with a slot hole for connecting the conveyor belt and the frame; the baffle is installed on the outer side of the lower conveyor belt.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention utilizes multi-spectral image detection to perform non-destructive detection of potato surface and internal defects, and has strong recognition capability and low misjudgment rate; the present invention utilizes the rotation of a roller bar to drive the potato to rotate, thereby achieving all-round detection of the potato and performing detection of the potato without blind spots;

[0019] The present invention adopts a falling object rejection method to realize potato sorting, utilizes the material sorting lifting height difference, determines the potato falling trajectory according to the chain belt speed, installs a rejection mechanism between the falling trajectories, and manually controls the potato falling point to realize the sorting function; the present invention uses a cylinder and a rejection rod to cooperate with each other to bounce off defective potatoes, which has flexible movement, stable structure and high operation efficiency; adopts a roller lifting mechanism to transport potatoes, which has the characteristic of self-arrangement, can split potatoes in rows during transportation, and is convenient for subsequent detection and rejection; the inclination angle of the roller lifting area is set to 18° and has a certain running distance, so that the lifting device has an automatic material sorting function, and can prevent potatoes from piling up and arranging in rows during the lifting and rolling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a roller lifting mechanism of a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a rejecting mechanism of a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejecting machine according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a receiving mechanism of a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical black box of a multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine.

[0026] In the figure: 100-roller lifting mechanism; 200-rejection mechanism; 300-receiving mechanism; 400-optical black box; 101-support frame; 102-driving sprocket; 103-driving shaft; 104-reducer; 105-first motor; 106-rack; 107-driven shaft; 108-driven sprocket; 109-hopper; 110-roller chain; 111-first bearing seat; 201-base box; 202-solenoid valve; 203-cylinder bracket; 204-cover plate; 205-third hinge; 206-conveyor plate; 207-limiting cross bar; 208-removal rod joint; 209-removal rod; 210-cylinder; 301-second bearing seat; 302-second conveyor belt frame; 303-first conveyor belt; 304-first baffle; 305-second baffle; 306-support plate; 307-second conveyor belt; 308-first bearing seat; 309-first conveyor belt frame; 310-adjusting member; 311-receiving frame; 312-second motor; 313-active roller; 314-driven roller; 401-right warehouse plate; 402-first hinge; 403-warehouse door; 404-warehouse door retaining ring; 405-door lock; 406-front baffle; 407-dustproof belt; 408-camera; 409-camera cross bar; 410-left warehouse plate; 411-support bar; 412-gas spring support; 413-rear baffle; 414-handle; 415-top cover; 416-light source; 417-second hinge; 418-gas spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 A multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine includes a roller lifting mechanism 100 for driving potatoes to rotate and for introducing and transporting potatoes, an optical black box 400 for non-destructive detection of surface and internal defects of potatoes, a rejection mechanism 200 for controlling the falling point of potatoes to achieve sorting as potatoes fall, and a receiving mechanism 300 with a two-layer conveyor device for classifying potatoes;

[0029] The roller lifting mechanism 100 includes a supporting structure with one side higher than the other, a roller chain laid in the supporting structure, a power structure, and a transmission structure for transmitting power to the roller chain to drive the potatoes to rotate; the supporting structure with one side lower is equipped with a hopper; the roller chains are distributed on the supporting structure, driven by a sprocket chain, and driven by a gear rack to generate passive rotation.

[0030] An optical black box 400 is installed above the high side of the support structure of the support frame, and is equipped with a light source and multiple cameras to take images of the flat part of the roller lifting mechanism, analyze the potato quality in real time and send a rejection signal to the rejection mechanism;

[0031] The rejecting mechanism 200 is installed at the end of the horizontal frame on the high side of the supporting structure of the supporting frame, facing the output port of the roller lifting mechanism, and includes a rejecting unit for sorting potatoes and a pneumatic device for providing power to the rejecting unit;

[0032] The receiving mechanism 300 comprises two layers of conveying devices for receiving the sorted potatoes. The upper conveying device is provided with a certain inclination angle and a flexible structure to avoid damage to the potatoes; the lower conveying device is provided with a baffle to prevent the potatoes from falling.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 , roller lifting mechanism 100, roller lifting mechanism 100 is the main supporting part of the machine, used for the introduction and transportation of potatoes, wherein the support frame 101 is a square tube bracket with one side higher and the other side lower, the higher side is provided with a horizontal frame extending outwards, used to support the rejection mechanism, the top of the square tube bracket is provided with a sheet metal shell, the inner side of the square tube bracket is provided with an upper and lower support plate, which are respectively used to carry the chain and the gears on both sides of the roller, the output shaft of the first motor 105 is connected to the driving shaft 103 through the reducer 104, the driving shaft 103 passes through the first bearing seat 111 and the driving sprockets 102 on both sides in turn, and is fixed to the support frame 101 by the bearing seat 111, and the driven The shaft 107 passes through the first bearing seat 111 and the driven sprockets 108 on both sides in sequence, and is fixed to the support frame 101 by the bearing seat 111. The rack 106 is installed on the support plates on the lower side of the inner side of the support frame 101 on both sides. The hopper 109 is installed on the lower side of the support frame as an introduction device at the potato input port. The chain part of the roller chain 110 is placed on the support plates on the upper side of the inner side of the support frame 101 on both sides. The gear part of the roller is engaged with the rack 106 for passive transmission. The roller chain 110 is surrounded as a whole in the limited area composed of 8 support plates inside the frame 101, and moves around in the limited area using the chain rollers and its own weight.

[0034] Reference Figure 3The rejecting mechanism 200 is installed at the end of the horizontal frame on the high side of the supporting frame 101, a distance below the output port of the roller lifting mechanism. The base box 201 is installed on the square tube bracket of the supporting frame 101. The limiting cross bar 207 is welded to the front of the base box. The rejecting rod 209 is installed on the limiting cross bar 207 through the rejecting rod joint 208. One end of the cylinder 210 is installed on the rejecting rod 209, and the other end is installed on the base box 201 through the cylinder bracket 203. The manifold 206 is fixed inside the base box 201, and the solenoid valve 202 is arranged and fixed on the manifold 206. Each cylinder is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve and is connected to the air source through the manifold. The cover plate 204 is installed on the 201 base box through the third hinge 205 to realize the opening and closing of the cover plate.

[0035] Reference Figure 4 The receiving mechanism 300 is independently installed directly below the rejecting mechanism 200. The receiving frame 311 is the main supporting structure. The conveyor belt frame 302 is installed on the receiving frame 311 through the adjusting member 310. The active roller 313 and the driven roller 314 are both installed on the second bearing seat 301. The active roller 313 is connected to the second motor 312. The first bearing seat 308 is installed on the first conveyor belt frame 309. The second bearing seat 301 is installed on the second conveyor belt frame 302. The first conveyor belt 303 and the second conveyor belt 307 are installed between the active roller 313 and the driven roller 314. The support plate 306 is a door-type structure with rib support, which is respectively installed on the first conveyor belt frame 309 and the second conveyor belt frame 302. The first baffle 304 and the second baffle 305 are both installed on the second conveyor belt frame 302.

[0036] Reference Figure 5 The optical black box 400 is installed on the sheet metal shell of the supporting frame. The right warehouse plate 401 and the left warehouse plate 410 are directly fixed to the sheet metal shell. The front baffle 406 and the rear baffle 413 are installed between the right warehouse plate 401 and the left warehouse plate 410 to form a main warehouse body. The warehouse door 403 is installed on the right warehouse plate 401 and the left warehouse plate 410 through the first hinge 402. The warehouse door retaining ring 404 is installed on the right warehouse plate 401 and the left warehouse plate 410 through the hinge 402 to hinder the movement of the warehouse door 403. The door lock 405 is installed on the warehouse door 403. The dust belt 407 is installed On the front baffle 406 and the rear baffle 413, the support bar 411 and the camera cross bar 409 are installed between the right compartment plate 401 and the left compartment plate 410, the camera 408 is installed on the camera cross bar 409, the light source 416 is installed between the support bar 411, the gas spring support 412 is installed on the right compartment plate 401 and the left compartment plate 410, one end of the gas spring 418 is installed on the gas spring support 412, and the other end is installed on the top cover 415, the handle 414 is installed on the top cover 415, and the top cover 415 is installed on the rear baffle 413 through the second hinge 417.

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of these embodiments are made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine, characterized in that: It includes a roller lifting mechanism that drives the potatoes to rotate and is used for the introduction and transportation of potatoes, an optical black box for non-destructive detection of surface and internal defects of potatoes, a rejection mechanism that controls the falling point of potatoes as they fall to achieve sorting, and a receiving mechanism with two-layer conveying devices for potato classification; The roller lifting mechanism includes a support structure with one side higher than the other, a roller chain laid in the support structure, a power structure, and a transmission structure for transmitting power to the roller chain to drive the potatoes to rotate; the support structure with one side lower is equipped with a hopper; The optical black box is installed above the high side of the support structure of the support frame, and is provided with a light source and a plurality of cameras to take images of the flat part of the roller lifting mechanism, analyze the potato quality in real time and send a rejection signal to the rejection mechanism; The rejecting mechanism is installed at the end of the horizontal frame on the high side of the supporting structure of the supporting frame, facing the output port of the roller lifting mechanism, and includes a rejecting unit for sorting potatoes and a pneumatic device for providing power to the rejecting unit; The receiving mechanism comprises two layers of conveying devices, upper and lower, for receiving the sorted potatoes.

2. A multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure includes a support frame and a support plate. The support frame is provided with a horizontal frame extending outward and used to support the rejection mechanism, and is welded and fixed at the output port. The support plate is installed on the support frame to carry the power structure, transmission structure and roller chain, and is provided with a shell for carrying the optical black box.

3. A multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The transmission structure also includes a driving sprocket and a driven sprocket, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, a bearing seat and a coupling, wherein the sprocket is mounted on the driving shaft fixed to the motor output shaft; the driving shaft is mounted on the bearing seat, and two bearing seats are mounted in parallel on both sides of the support structure, and the driving shaft passes through the bearing seat and the sprockets on both sides in sequence and is fixed to the output hole of the reduction box; the driven sprocket passes through the bearing seat and the sprockets on both sides in sequence by the driven shaft, and is fixed to the support frame by the bearing seat; the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are meshed with the chain gap of the roller chain; The power structure includes a first motor for providing sprocket power and a reduction box for increasing output torque.

4. The multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roller chain comprises a roller, a support rod, a gear sleeve and a chain; bearings are embedded on the inner surfaces of both sides of the roller, and the support rods are fixed through the bearings on both sides, and the support rods are fixed to the chain shafts on both sides; gear sleeves are embedded on the outer surfaces of both sides of the roller, and the gear sleeves are meshed with the racks fixed on the support plate for passive transmission; the support rods are fixed to the connecting shafts between the chains at intervals of several chain links, and the intervals between adjacent support rods are consistent; A shaft sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the inter-chain connecting shaft, the diameter of the shaft sleeve is higher than the width of the chain surface, and the shaft sleeve is mounted on the supporting plate.

5. The multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rejecting mechanism includes a base box installed on a supporting frame, a limit cross bar welded to the front side of the base box, a rejecting rod installed on the limit cross bar through a rejecting rod joint, one end of the cylinder is installed on the rejecting rod, and the other end is installed on the base box through a cylinder bracket, a manifold is fixed inside the base box, and the solenoid valves are arranged and fixed on the manifold, each cylinder is equipped with a corresponding solenoid valve and connected to the air source through the manifold, and the cover plate is installed on the base box through a third hinge.

6. The multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical black box includes a right compartment plate, a left compartment plate, a front baffle plate and a rear baffle plate. The compartment door is installed on the right compartment plate and the left compartment plate through a first hinge. The compartment door retaining ring is installed on the right compartment plate and the left compartment plate through a hinge. The dust belt is installed on the front baffle plate and the rear baffle plate. The support bar and the camera cross bar are installed between the right compartment plate and the left compartment plate. The camera is installed on the camera cross bar. The gas spring support is installed on the right compartment plate and the left compartment plate. One end of the gas spring is installed on the gas spring support, and the other end is installed on the top cover.

7. The multi-spectral potato defect detection and rejection machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving mechanism includes a receiving frame, a conveyor belt frame is installed on the receiving frame through an adjusting piece, an active roller and a driven roller are both installed on a second bearing seat, the active roller is connected to a second motor, the second bearing seat is installed on the conveyor belt frame, a first conveyor belt and a second conveyor belt are installed between the active roller and the driven roller, and a first baffle and a second baffle are both installed on the conveyor belt frame.

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