Turning and boring all-in-one machine equipment and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of metal cast ingot machining equipment, and particularly relates to turning and boring all-in-one machine equipment and an operation method thereof.The turning and boring all-in-one machine equipment comprises a lathe bed component, a fixed headstock component, a movable tailstock component, a boring device, a boring supporting device, an outer circle tool rest component and a movable centering mechanism; the lathe bed component is arranged on the horizontal working ground; a V-shaped guide rail and a flat rail are arranged on the two sides of the upper portion of the lathe bed component respectively. The equipment has the advantages that the application range is wide, and the equipment can be used for processing not only non-ferrous metals but also ferrous metals; the device can adapt to workpieces with different sizes, especially workpieces with large depth-diameter ratios; the inner hole surface and the outer circle surface of a cylindrical metal cast ingot workpiece can be independently machined, and the inner hole surface and the outer circle surface of the workpiece can also be machined at the same time, so that the purpose that one machine has multiple purposes is achieved, cost is saved, machining efficiency is improved, and production benefits of enterprises are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal ingot processing equipment, and in particular relates to a turning and boring integrated machine and an operating method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Metal ingots are cast from liquid metal, and their internal structure is controlled by the casting process. During the casting process, the metal liquid gradually forms grains and grows during the solidification process, so the structure of the ingot is usually uniform; this structural uniformity can improve the stability and reliability of the metal material and ensure that the material has good mechanical properties. Cylindrical metal ingots are a common ingot structure. During the production process, the outer and inner surfaces need to be processed by processing equipment to remove the defective layer near the surface of the ingot in preparation for the next extrusion process. The existing cylindrical metal ingots have the following problems during processing: 1. The existing cylindrical metal ingots need to use different processing equipment to process the outer circle and inner hole of the metal ingot separately during the processing process. The processing operation process is complicated, the processing efficiency is low, and the processing cost of the enterprise is high; 2. When different equipment is used to process the outer circle and inner hole of the metal ingot separately, the processing positioning of the metal ingot is prone to deviation, which causes the outer circle and inner hole of the processed cylindrical metal ingot to be out of axial alignment, affecting the subsequent use of the metal ingot. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems that the existing metal ingot processing equipment has complicated processing operation process, low processing efficiency, high processing cost of enterprises, and easy deviation in processing positioning of metal ingots when processing the outer circle and inner hole of metal ingots, thereby causing the outer circle and inner hole of the processed cylindrical metal ingot to be not coaxial, the present invention provides a turning and boring machine equipment and an operation method thereof, and the technical scheme thereof is as follows: A turning and boring machine, comprising a bed component, a fixed head frame component, a movable tail frame component, a boring device, a boring support device, an external cylindrical tool frame component and a movable centering mechanism; The bed structure is arranged on a horizontal working surface; V-shaped guide rails and flat rails are arranged on both sides of the upper part of the bed structure; The V-shaped guide rail and the flat rail are installed together with the bed member by means of mounting bolts; The lower side of the fixed head frame member is installed on the bed member; a boring support device is arranged on the bed member on one side of the fixed head frame member, and a movable centering mechanism, an outer cylindrical tool frame member, a movable tail frame member, and a boring device are arranged in sequence on the bed member on the other side of the fixed head frame member, and the boring support device, the movable centering mechanism, the outer cylindrical tool frame member, the movable tail frame member, and the boring device are in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail and the flat rail; The fixed head frame component and the movable tail frame component are used to tighten and position the metal ingot; the boring device and the boring support device cooperate to bore the metal ingot; the external cylindrical tool frame component is used to process the external cylindrical portion of the metal ingot.

[0004] The bed structure includes a machine base, a boring bar transmission system, a movable centering mechanism hydraulic cylinder, a support rod box hydraulic cylinder and a movable tailstock hydraulic cylinder; the bottom of the machine base is arranged on a horizontal ground; an installation space is provided in the machine base; a partition plate is provided in the installation space, and the partition plate divides the installation space into a first space, an intermediate space and a second space; the boring bar transmission system and the movable tailstock hydraulic cylinder are installed in the first space in the machine base; the movable centering mechanism hydraulic cylinder and the support rod box hydraulic cylinder are installed in the second space in the machine base.

[0005] The fixed head frame components include a fixed head frame box, a main motor, a driving shaft assembly, a chuck device I, a pulley I, and a pulley II; the lower side of the fixed head frame box is installed on the machine base by bolts; the driving shaft assembly is installed in the fixed head frame box, the chuck device I and the pulley II are respectively installed on both sides of the driving shaft assembly, the main motor is installed on the upper part of the fixed head frame box, the motor output shaft is installed on the main motor, the pulley I is installed on the outer end of the motor output shaft, the pulley I is connected to the pulley II through a belt and drives the pulley II to rotate.

[0006] The movable tailstock component comprises a movable tailstock box, a passive shaft assembly, a chuck device II and a locking mechanism. One side of the outer portion of the movable tailstock box is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail and in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail, and the other side of the outer portion of the movable tailstock box is arranged on a flat rail and in sliding contact with the flat rail. A passive shaft assembly is installed in the movable tailstock box. The chuck device II is installed at one side end of the passive shaft assembly and is arranged opposite to the active shaft assembly. A locking mechanism is installed on the outer portion of the movable tailstock box close to the V-shaped guide rail, and the locking mechanism locks the movable tailstock box and positions it on the V-shaped guide rail.

[0007] The locking mechanism comprises a cylinder and a retractable jacking rod, wherein the cylinder is mounted on the outer bottom of the movable tail frame box, and a retractable jacking rod is mounted on the cylinder, and the cylinder positions the movable tail frame box on the V-shaped guide rail by driving the jacking rod to extend outward.

[0008] The boring device comprises a boring bar box, a boring bar body and a boring cutter head. One side of the outside of the boring bar box is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail, and the other side of the outside of the boring bar box is arranged on a flat rail and is in sliding contact with the flat rail. A boring bar body is installed on the outside of the boring bar box. The boring bar body adopts a multi-section connection structure to be connected by multiple sections of boring bars, and a retractable boring cutter head is arranged on the boring bar body near its end.

[0009] The boring support device includes a support rod box and a support rod body. The outer sides of the support rod box are arranged on V-shaped guide rails and flat rails. A support rod body supporting the boring rod body is installed on the support rod box. The support rod body adopts a multi-section connection structure and is connected by multiple sections of boring rod support rods. The support rod body and the boring rod body are arranged opposite to each other. During the boring process, the top end of the support rod body supports the end of the boring rod body and moves synchronously with the movement of the boring rod body.

[0010] The external cylindrical tool holder component includes an external cylindrical tool holder box, a left tool rod, a right tool rod, and a fixed centering mechanism. The outer side of the external cylindrical tool holder box is installed on a V-shaped guide rail and a flat rail; a processing cavity is arranged in the external cylindrical tool holder box, the left tool rod and the right tool rod are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the upper part of the external cylindrical tool holder box and penetrate into the processing cavity in the circular tool holder box, and an external processing cutter head is arranged on the left tool rod and the right tool rod. A negative pressure dust removal device is installed on the external cylindrical tool holder box, and the negative pressure dust removal device consists of a negative pressure motor and a negative pressure turbine mechanism. The negative pressure turbine mechanism is installed on the negative pressure motor and is used to generate a negative pressure airflow in the processing cavity to suck away the processing debris in the processing cavity. The fixed centering mechanism is arranged at the outer side of the external cylindrical tool holder box and is used to clamp and center the metal ingot.

[0011] The mobile centering mechanism includes a first support part, a second support part and a centering clamping mechanism. One side of the outside of the centering clamping mechanism is installed on the first support part and is connected to the first support part. The other side of the outside of the centering clamping mechanism is installed on the second support part and is connected to the second support part. The first support part is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail. The second support part is arranged on a flat rail and is in sliding contact with the flat rail. The centering clamping mechanism has the same structure as the fixed centering mechanism.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The overall structural design of the turning and boring machine equipment of the present invention is scientific, and the installation and operation are simple and convenient. The purpose of the turning and boring machine equipment of the present invention is to process the outer surface and inner surface of the cast cylindrical metal ingot; remove the defect layer close to the surface of the cylindrical metal ingot. The advantages of this equipment are: 1. It has a wide range of applications. The present invention can process both non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals; 2. The present invention can adapt to workpieces of different sizes, especially workpieces with a large aspect ratio (that is, workpieces with a large ratio of inner hole depth to inner hole diameter); 3. The present invention can process the inner hole and outer cylindrical surface of the cylindrical metal ingot workpiece separately, and can also process the inner hole and outer cylindrical surface of the workpiece at the same time, thereby achieving the purpose of one machine with multiple uses, saving costs and improving processing efficiency, thereby greatly improving the production benefits of the enterprise. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the turning and boring machine of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bed component in the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed head frame component in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the movable tail frame component in the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the boring device in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the boring support device in the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the external circular tool holder component in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mobile centering mechanism in the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the end of the support rod body and the boring rod body in the present invention; The numbers in the figure are: 1, bed member, 2-fixed head frame member, 3-movable tail frame member, 4-boring device, 5-boring support device, 6-external tool frame member, 7-movable centering mechanism; 11-machine base, 12-boring bar transmission system, 13-movable centering mechanism hydraulic cylinder, 14-support rod box hydraulic cylinder, 15-movable tail frame hydraulic cylinder; 16-flat rail, 17-V-type guide rail; 21-fixed head frame box, 22-main motor, 23-driving shaft assembly, 24-chuck device I, 25- Pulley I, 26-pulley II; 31-movable tailstock box, 32-passive shaft assembly, 33-chuck device II, 34-locking mechanism; 41-boring bar box, 42-boring bar body, 43-boring head, 421-inner tapered hole; 51-support rod box, 52-support rod body, 521-tapered top; 61-external tool holder box, 62-left tool rod, 63-right tool rod, 64-fixed centering mechanism; 71-first supporting part, 72-second supporting part, 73-centering clamping mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that: in the present invention, if there is no special explanation, all the implementation methods and preferred implementation methods mentioned herein can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution. In the present invention, if there is no special explanation, all the technical features and preferred features mentioned herein can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution. The "scope" disclosed in the present invention can be in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit, which can be one or more lower limits, and one or more upper limits, respectively.

[0015] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a turning and boring machine, mainly comprising a bed component 1, a fixed head frame component 2, a movable tail frame component 3, a boring device 4, a boring support device 5, an outer cylindrical tool frame component 6 and a movable centering mechanism 7; the bed component 1 of the equipment of the present invention is annealed, welded and machined after integral casting to ensure the basic strength and accuracy of the equipment; during installation, the bed component 1 is set on a horizontal working ground; V-shaped guide rails 17 and flat rails 16 are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper part of the bed component 1, and the V-shaped guide rails 17 and the flat rails 16 are installed together with the bed component 1 through mounting bolts; the flat rails 16 are mainly used to carry various functional units, and the V-shaped guide rails 17 mainly play the role of positioning; such a structure is adopted to ensure the positioning accuracy of various functional units and the stability during processing; only with accurate positioning, that is, the centers of various functional units are on a line, can the outer circle and inner hole of the processed workpiece be concentric; only with stable movement, that is, the movement of various functional units is stable during the processing, can the processed outer circle and inner hole be a straight line instead of a cone. The lower side of the fixed head frame component 2 is installed on the bed component 1; a boring support device 5 is arranged on the bed component 1 on one side of the fixed head frame component 2, and a movable centering mechanism 7, an outer cylindrical tool frame component 6, a movable tail frame component 3, and a boring device 4 are arranged in sequence on the bed component 1 on the other side of the fixed head frame component 2, and the boring support device 5, the movable centering mechanism 7, the outer cylindrical tool frame component 6, the movable tail frame component 3 and the boring device 4 are in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; the fixed head frame component 2 and the movable tail frame component 3 are both used for tightening and positioning the metal ingot; the boring device 4 and the boring support device 5 cooperate to perform boring operations on the metal ingot; the outer cylindrical tool frame component 6 is used for outer cylindrical processing of the metal ingot.

[0016] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 2As shown, the bed component 1 in the present invention includes a machine base 11, a boring bar transmission system 12, a hydraulic cylinder of a mobile centering mechanism 7, a support rod box hydraulic cylinder 14 and a mobile tail frame hydraulic cylinder 15; the function of the bed component 1 is to install various functional units in the equipment (fixed head frame component 2, mobile tail frame component 3, boring device 4, boring support device 5, outer circular tool frame component 6 and mobile centering mechanism 7) and the guide rails, gear racks, hydraulic and pneumatic drive mechanisms required for the functional units to move; when installed, the bottom of the machine base 11 is arranged on the horizontal ground; an installation space is provided in the machine base 11; a partition plate is provided in the installation space, and the partition plate divides the installation space into a first space, an intermediate space and a first space. Two spaces; the boring bar transmission system 12 is used to drive the boring device 4 to move on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; the mobile tail frame hydraulic cylinder 15 is used to drive the mobile tail frame component 3 to move on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; during installation, the boring bar transmission system 12 and the mobile tail frame hydraulic cylinder 15 are installed in the first space in the machine base 11; the mobile centering mechanism 7 hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the mobile centering mechanism 7 to move and adjust on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; the support rod box hydraulic cylinder 14 is used to drive the boring support device 5 to move and adjust on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; during installation, the mobile centering mechanism 7 hydraulic cylinder and the support rod box hydraulic cylinder 14 are installed in the second space in the machine base 11.

[0017] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 3 As shown, the fixed head frame component 2 in the present invention includes a fixed head frame box 21, a main motor 22, a driving shaft assembly 23, a chuck device I24, a pulley I25, and a pulley II26; when installed, the lower side of the fixed head frame box 21 is installed on the machine base 11 by bolts; a driving shaft assembly 23 is installed in the fixed head frame box 21, and a through hole is provided in the driving shaft assembly 23; when installed, the chuck device I24 and the pulley II26 are respectively installed on both sides of the driving shaft assembly 23, and the chuck device is used to clamp the workpiece and drive the workpiece The component rotates, and a main motor 22 is installed on the upper part of the fixed head frame box 21. A motor output shaft that can output rotational torque is installed on the main motor 22. The pulley I25 is installed on the outer end of the motor output shaft. The main motor 22 drives the pulley I25 to rotate through the motor output shaft. The pulley I25 is connected to the pulley II26 through a belt and drives the pulley II26 to rotate. When the pulley II26 rotates, it drives the active shaft assembly 23 to rotate. The active shaft assembly 23 drives the workpiece and the passive shaft assembly 32 on the movable tail frame component 3 to rotate through the chuck device I24.

[0018] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 4As shown, the mobile tailstock component 3 in the present invention includes a mobile tailstock box 31, a passive shaft assembly 32, a chuck device II33 and a locking mechanism 34. During installation, one side of the outer side of the mobile tailstock box 31 is arranged on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail 17, and the other side of the outer side of the mobile tailstock box 31 is arranged on the flat rail 16 and in sliding contact with the flat rail 16. A passive shaft assembly 32 is installed in the mobile tailstock box 31, and a through hole corresponding to the through hole in the active shaft assembly 23 is also opened on the passive shaft assembly 32. The chuck device II33 for clamping the workpiece is installed at one side end of the passive shaft assembly 32 and is arranged opposite to the active shaft assembly 23. A locking mechanism 34 is installed on the outer side of the mobile tailstock box 31 close to the V-shaped guide rail 17. The locking mechanism 34 locks the mobile tailstock box 31 and positions it on the V-shaped guide rail 17. The locking mechanism 34 includes a cylinder and a retractable clamping rod. The cylinder is installed at the bottom of the outer side of the mobile tailstock box 31, and a retractable clamping rod is installed on the cylinder. The cylinder drives the clamping rod to extend outward to position the mobile tailstock box 31 on the V-shaped guide rail 17. The purpose of this is to prevent the mobile tailstock component 3 from vibrating during the processing, affecting the processing effect or even causing danger. The locking device is divided into two groups, which are located at the front and rear of the mobile tailstock box 31 respectively. This arrangement is to ensure that the locking force is evenly applied.

[0019] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 5 As shown, the boring device 4 of the present invention includes a boring bar box 41, a boring bar body 42 and a boring head 43. The function of the boring device 4 is to bore the inner hole of the workpiece. When installed, one side of the outer side of the boring bar box 41 is arranged on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and slides with the V-shaped guide rail 17, and the other side of the outer side of the boring bar box 41 is arranged on the flat rail 16 and slides with the flat rail 16. The boring bar body 42 is installed on the outer side of the boring bar box 41. In order to process inner holes of different diameters and different depths, the boring bar body 42 adopts a multi-section connection structure. The boring bar body 42 is connected by multiple boring bars to reduce costs and improve strength. A retractable boring head 43 is arranged near the end of the boring bar body 42. The retractable boring head 43 can realize the pull-boring processing method. The so-called pull-boring processing refers to that the boring tool first passes through the inner hole of the workpiece and then retreats along the original path. For this purpose, an expandable boring tool must be used. When passing through the inner hole of the workpiece at the beginning, the boring tool retracts into the inside of the boring bar to avoid contacting the inner hole of the workpiece. When retreating along the original path, the boring tool expands from the inside of the boring bar until the required inner hole diameter is reached, and then the inner hole is processed.

[0020] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 6As shown, the boring support device 5 in the present invention includes a support rod box 51 and a support rod body 52. ​​The function of the boring support device 5 is that during the boring process, the support rod body 52 can move with the boring rod box and the boring rod to support the boring rod. When installed, the outer sides of the support rod box 51 are arranged on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16. A support rod body 52 for supporting the boring rod body 42 is installed on the support rod box 51. The support rod body 52 adopts a multi-section connection structure to be connected by multiple sections of boring rod support rods, and the support rod body 52 is arranged opposite to the boring rod body 42. During the boring process, the top of the support rod body 52 is against the boring rod body. The end of the boring rod body 42 is supported and moves synchronously with the movement of the boring rod body 42. It should be pointed out that in order to ensure that the support rod body 52 provides stable contact support for the boring rod body 42, a conical head 521 is provided at the end position of the support rod body 52, and an inner conical hole 421 matched with the outer contour of the conical head 521 is provided at the end position of the boring rod body 42. When in use, the support rod body 52 can be pressed into the inner conical hole 421 on the boring rod body 42 through the conical head 521 thereon and fit tightly with the inner conical hole 421, thereby ensuring the stable contact support of the support rod body 52 and the boring rod body 42, and ensuring the stability of the boring rod body 42 when in use.

[0021] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 7 As shown, the external cylindrical tool holder component 6 in the present invention includes an external cylindrical tool holder box 61, a left tool bar 62, a right tool bar 63, and a fixed centering mechanism 64. The function of the external cylindrical tool holder component 6 is that when processing the outer surface of the workpiece, the tool bars (left tool bar 62, right tool bar 63) on both sides of the external cylindrical tool holder box 61 can be fed to a specific distance according to the setting to ensure the outer diameter of the workpiece after processing; in the process of processing the outer circle, the external external cylindrical tool holder transmission (belt) mechanism drives the external cylindrical tool holder box 61 to move along the axial direction of the workpiece to process the entire outer surface of the workpiece; when installing, the outer side of the external cylindrical tool holder box 61 is installed on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and the flat rail 16; A machining cavity is provided in the outer cylindrical tool holder housing 61, and the left tool rod 62 and the right tool rod 63 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the outer cylindrical tool holder housing 61 and penetrate into the machining cavity in the cylindrical tool holder housing. External machining cutter heads are arranged on the left tool rod 62 and the right tool rod 63, and a negative pressure dust removal device is installed on the outer cylindrical tool holder housing 61. The negative pressure dust removal device consists of a negative pressure motor and a negative pressure turbine mechanism. The negative pressure turbine mechanism is installed on the negative pressure motor and is used to generate a negative pressure airflow in the machining cavity to absorb machining debris in the machining cavity. The fixed centering mechanism 64 is arranged on the outer side of the outer cylindrical tool holder housing 61 and is used to clamp and center the metal ingot.

[0022] Please refer to the instruction manual Figure 8As shown, the mobile centering mechanism 7 in the present invention includes a first support portion 71, a second support portion 72 and a centering clamping mechanism 73. The mobile centering mechanism 7 cooperates with the fixed centering mechanism 64 to realize the clamping and centering of the workpiece during the initial material discharge. During installation, one side of the centering clamping mechanism 73 is installed on the first support portion 71 and is connected to the first support portion 71, and the other side of the centering clamping mechanism 73 is installed on the second support portion 72 and is connected to the second support portion 72. The first support portion 71 is arranged on the V-shaped guide rail 17 and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail 17. The second support portion 72 is arranged on the flat rail 16 and is in sliding contact with the flat rail 16. The centering clamping mechanism 73 has the same structure as the fixed centering mechanism 64 (specifically, the patent number applied for and authorized by the applicant is: CN202 323205721.X is a self-centering clamping mechanism for rotating bars, which includes a first clamping arm group, a second clamping arm group, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a driving arm assembly, a hydraulic cylinder, a rear box, a front box and a clamping arm connecting shaft, the hydraulic cylinder is installed at the bottom of the outer side of the rear box, a hydraulic rod is installed on the hydraulic cylinder, the driving arm assembly is installed at the top of the hydraulic rod, the clamping arm connecting shaft is symmetrically installed on the inner side of the upper part of the rear box, the first clamping arm group and the second clamping arm group are installed on the clamping arm connecting shaft and are hinged with the clamping arm connecting shaft, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are hinged on the driving arm assembly, the driving arm assembly is connected to the first clamping arm group through the first connecting rod and drives the first clamping arm group to realize the clamping action, the driving arm assembly is connected to the second clamping arm group through the second connecting rod and drives the second clamping arm group to realize the clamping action.

[0023] The working process of the turning and boring machine of the present invention in specific working is as follows: Step 1: Loading and unloading When loading, a manipulator, an overhead crane or other manual or automatic method is used to transport the cylindrical workpiece to the top of the turning and boring machine. According to the workpiece length input in advance, the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the external cylindrical tool holder are moved to the preset position, so that the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64 are respectively located at the two ends of the workpiece; the clamping arm and the driving arm of the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64 are opened, and the manipulator or the overhead crane lowers the workpiece and releases the workpiece, so that the workpiece falls into the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64. At this time, the clamping arm and the driving arm clamp the workpiece; Through design and installation, after the cylindrical workpiece is clamped by the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64, its axis coincides with the axis of the chuck devices (chuck device I24, chuck device II33) on the fixed head frame component 2 and the mobile tail frame component 3; this is to ensure that the workpiece rotates smoothly during processing to avoid danger, and at the same time ensure the concentricity of the outer circle and inner hole of the processed workpiece; when unloading, the manipulator or the overhead crane first grabs the workpiece, and then the clamping arms and driving arms of the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64 are opened, and the manipulator or the overhead crane can take away the workpiece; Step 2: Centering and clamping of the workpiece In step 1, the workpiece falls into the mobile centering mechanism 7 and the fixed centering mechanism 64, and the two centering mechanisms (centering clamping mechanism 73 and fixed centering mechanism 64) lift the workpiece, and each centering mechanism centers the workpiece at three points. Then, the mobile tail frame component 3 moves forward, and the chuck device II33 on the mobile tail frame component 3 supports one end of the workpiece, driving the workpiece to move forward until the other end of the workpiece contacts the chuck device I24 on the fixed head frame component 2; then, the two chuck devices (chuck device I24, chuck device II33) clamp the workpiece, and the two centering mechanisms are released, completing the positioning of the workpiece; Step 3: Boring and Carriage Select a boring head of appropriate size (the boring head is arranged at the front end of the boring tool, and a number of blades are installed on the boring head. The outer circle where the blade edges are located is the size of the inner hole to be bored). At this time, the boring support device 5 moves forward, and the support rod body 52 in the boring support device 5 passes through the hole inside the workpiece (the hole that already exists during casting is relatively rough and needs to be trimmed by boring). At the same time, the tool bar (the left tool bar 62 and the right tool bar 63 have the same structure and are both driven to move by the servo motor) moves forward to a suitable position under the drive of the servo motor at the back. At this time, the distance between the blades at the front ends of the two tool bars is the size of the outer diameter of the workpiece behind the car skin; Step 4: Processing The main motor 22 in the fixed head frame component 2 is turned on, and the main motor 22 drives the pulley I25 to rotate through the motor output shaft. The pulley I25 is connected to the pulley II26 through a belt and drives the pulley II26 to rotate. When the pulley II26 rotates, it drives the active shaft assembly 23 to rotate. The active shaft assembly 23 drives the workpiece and the passive shaft assembly 32 on the movable tail frame component 3 to rotate through the chuck device I24. At this time, the external cylindrical tool holder (left tool rod 62, right tool rod 63) starts to move along the axial direction of the workpiece to process the outer surface of the workpiece; the boring head and the boring bar support device at the front end of the boring tool move synchronously along the axial direction of the workpiece to process the inner surface of the workpiece.

[0024] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A turning and boring machine, characterized in that: It comprises a bed component (1), a fixed head frame component (2), a movable tail frame component (3), a boring device (4), a boring support device (5), an external circular tool frame component (6) and a movable centering mechanism (7); The bed component (1) is arranged on a horizontal working surface; V-shaped guide rails (17) and flat rails (16) are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper part of the bed component (1); the V-shaped guide rails (17) and flat rails (16) are installed together with the bed component (1) by means of mounting bolts; The lower side of the fixed head frame component (2) is mounted on the bed frame component (1); a boring support device (5) is arranged on the bed frame component (1) on one side of the fixed head frame component (2); a movable centering mechanism (7), an outer cylindrical tool frame component (6), a movable tail frame component (3), and a boring device (4) are arranged in sequence on the bed frame component (1) on the other side of the fixed head frame component (2); the boring support device (5), the movable centering mechanism (7), the outer cylindrical tool frame component (6), the movable tail frame component (3), and the boring device (4) are in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail (17) and the flat rail (16); The fixed head frame component (2) and the movable tail frame component (3) are used to tighten and position the metal ingot; the boring device (4) and the boring support device (5) cooperate to perform boring operations on the metal ingot; the outer circle tool frame component (6) is used to process the outer circle of the metal ingot; The boring device (4) comprises a bore rod box (41), a bore rod body (42) and a bore cutter head (43); one side of the outside of the bore rod box (41) is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail (17) and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail (17); the other side of the outside of the bore rod box (41) is arranged on a flat rail (16) and is in sliding contact with the flat rail (16); a bore rod body (42) is installed on the outside of the bore rod box (41); the bore rod body (42) is formed by connecting multiple sections of bore rods in a multi-section connection structure; a retractable bore cutter head (43) is arranged on the bore rod body (42) near its end; The boring support device (5) comprises a support rod box (51) and a support rod body (52). The two sides of the outside of the support rod box (51) are arranged on a V-shaped guide rail (17) and a flat rail (16). A support rod body (52) for supporting a bore rod body (42) is installed on the support rod box (51). The support rod body (52) is formed by connecting a plurality of bore rod support rods in a multi-section connection structure, and the support rod body (52) and the bore rod body (42) are arranged opposite to each other. During the boring process, the top end of the support rod body (52) supports the end of the bore rod body (42) and moves synchronously with the movement of the bore rod body (42). A conical top (521) is arranged at the end position of the support rod body (52), and an inner conical hole (421) adapted to the outer contour of the conical top (521) is arranged at the end position of the boring rod body (42). The support rod body (52) can be pressed into the inner conical hole (421) on the boring rod body (42) by the conical top (521) thereon and fit tightly with the inner conical hole (421), thereby ensuring stable contact support between the support rod body (52) and the boring rod body (42), and ensuring the stability of the boring rod body (42) when in use.

2. The turning and boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bed structure (1) comprises a machine base (11), a bore rod transmission system (12), a hydraulic cylinder of a movable centering mechanism (7), a hydraulic cylinder of a support rod box body (14) and a hydraulic cylinder of a movable tailstock (15); the bottom of the machine base (11) is arranged on a horizontal ground; an installation space is provided in the machine base (11); a partition plate is provided in the installation space, and the partition plate divides the installation space into a first space, an intermediate space and a second space; the bore rod transmission system (12) and the hydraulic cylinder of the movable tailstock (15) are installed in the first space in the machine base (11); the hydraulic cylinder of the movable centering mechanism (7) and the hydraulic cylinder of the support rod box body (14) are installed in the second space in the machine base (11).

3. The turning and boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed head frame component (2) includes a fixed head frame box (21), a main motor (22), a driving shaft assembly (23), a chuck device I (24), a pulley I (25), and a pulley II (26); the lower side of the fixed head frame box (21) is mounted on the machine base (11) by bolts; the driving shaft assembly (23) is installed in the fixed head frame box (21), the chuck device I (24) and the pulley II (26) are respectively installed on both sides of the driving shaft assembly (23), the main motor (22) is installed on the upper part of the fixed head frame box (21), the motor output shaft is installed on the main motor (22), the pulley I (25) is installed on the outer end of the motor output shaft, the pulley I (25) is connected to the pulley II (26) by a belt and drives the pulley II (26) to rotate.

4. The turning and boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable tailstock component (3) comprises a movable tailstock box (31), a passive shaft assembly (32), a chuck device II (33) and a locking mechanism (34); one side of the outside of the movable tailstock box (31) is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail (17) and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail (17); the other side of the outside of the movable tailstock box (31) is arranged on a flat rail (16) and is in sliding contact with the flat rail (16); a passive shaft assembly (32) is installed in the movable tailstock box (31); the chuck device II (33) is installed at one end of the passive shaft assembly (32) and is arranged opposite to the active shaft assembly (23); a locking mechanism (34) is installed on the outside of the movable tailstock box (31) near the V-shaped guide rail (17); the locking mechanism (34) locks the movable tailstock box (31) and positions it on the V-shaped guide rail (17).

5. The turning and boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (34) comprises a cylinder and a retractable tensioning rod. The cylinder is mounted on the outer bottom of the movable tail frame box (31). The retractable tensioning rod is mounted on the cylinder. The cylinder drives the tensioning rod to extend outward to position the movable tail frame box (31) on the V-shaped guide rail (17).

6. The turning and boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cylindrical tool holder component (6) comprises an outer cylindrical tool holder box (61), a left tool bar (62), a right tool bar (63), and a fixed centering mechanism (64). The outer side of the outer cylindrical tool holder box (61) is installed on a V-shaped guide rail (17) and a flat rail (16). A processing cavity is arranged in the outer cylindrical tool holder box (61). The left tool bar (62) and the right tool bar (63) are symmetrically arranged at both sides of the upper part of the outer cylindrical tool holder box (61) and penetrate into the processing cavity in the cylindrical tool holder box. External processing tool heads are arranged on the left tool bar (62) and the right tool bar (63).

7. The turning and boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile centering mechanism (7) comprises a first support portion (71), a second support portion (72) and a centering clamping mechanism (73); an outer side of the centering clamping mechanism (73) is mounted on the first support portion (71) and is connected to the first support portion (71); the other outer side of the centering clamping mechanism (73) is mounted on the second support portion (72) and is connected to the second support portion (72); the first support portion (71) is arranged on a V-shaped guide rail (17) and is in sliding contact with the V-shaped guide rail (17); the second support portion (72) is arranged on a flat rail (16) and is in sliding contact with the flat rail (16); the centering clamping mechanism (73) has the same structure as the fixed centering mechanism (64).

8. The method for operating a turning-boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Loading and unloading During loading, a cylindrical workpiece is transferred to the top of the turning and boring machine by a manipulator, a crane or other manual or automatic means. According to the workpiece length input in advance, the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the external cylindrical tool holder are moved to a preset position so that the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64) are respectively located at the two ends of the workpiece; the clamping arms and the driving arms of the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64) are opened, the manipulator or the crane lowers the workpiece, and releases the workpiece so that the workpiece falls into the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64). At this time, the clamping arms and the driving arms clamp the workpiece; Designed and installed, after the cylindrical workpiece is clamped by the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64), its axis coincides with the axis of the chuck devices (chuck device I (24), chuck device II (33)) on the fixed head frame member (2) and the mobile tail frame member (3); this is to ensure that the workpiece rotates smoothly during processing to avoid danger, and at the same time ensure the concentricity of the outer circle and inner hole of the processed workpiece; when unloading, the manipulator or the overhead crane first grabs the workpiece, and then the clamping arms and driving arms of the mobile centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64) are opened, and the manipulator or the overhead crane can take away the workpiece; Step 2: Centering and clamping of the workpiece In step 1, the workpiece falls into the movable centering mechanism (7) and the fixed centering mechanism (64), and the two centering mechanisms (centering clamping mechanism (73) and the fixed centering mechanism (64)) lift the workpiece, and each centering mechanism centers the workpiece at three points. Then, the movable tail frame component (3) moves forward, and the chuck device II (33) on the movable tail frame component (3) supports one end of the workpiece, driving the workpiece to move forward until the other end of the workpiece contacts the chuck device I (24) on the fixed head frame component (2); then, the two chuck devices (chuck device I (24), chuck device II (33)) clamp the workpiece, and the two centering mechanisms are released, completing the positioning of the workpiece; Step 3: Boring and Carriage A boring head of appropriate size is selected (the boring head is arranged at the front end of the boring tool, and a plurality of blades are mounted on the boring head, and the outer circle where the blade edges are located is the size of the inner hole to be bored). At this time, the boring support device (5) moves forward, and the support rod body (52) in the boring support device (5) passes through the hole inside the workpiece (the hole that already exists during casting is relatively rough and needs to be trimmed by boring). At the same time, the tool bar (the left tool bar (62) and the right tool bar (63) have the same structure and are both driven to move by the servo motor) moves forward to a suitable position under the drive of the servo motor at the back. At this time, the distance between the blades at the front ends of the two tool bars is the size of the outer diameter of the workpiece behind the car skin; Step 4: Processing The main motor (22) in the fixed head frame component (2) is turned on, and the main motor (22) drives the pulley I (25) to rotate through the motor output shaft. The pulley I (25) is connected to the pulley II (26) through a belt and drives the pulley II (26) to rotate. When the pulley II (26) rotates, it drives the driving shaft assembly (23) to rotate. The driving shaft assembly (23) drives the workpiece and the passive shaft assembly (32) on the movable tail frame component (3) to rotate through the chuck device I (24). At this time, the external cylindrical tool holder (left tool bar (62), right tool bar (63)) starts to move along the axial direction of the workpiece to process the outer surface of the workpiece; the boring head and the boring bar support device at the front end of the boring tool move synchronously along the axial direction of the workpiece to process the inner surface of the workpiece.

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