Tunnel construction excavation equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses tunnel construction excavation equipment and method. The detachable quick-connection cutter head is installed at the front end of the excavator, the hobbing cutter is arranged on the quick-connection cutter head, and the hobbing cutter on the cutter head is used for rotationally cutting and removing dangerous rocks, so that the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse is reduced, the over-consumption of concrete is reduced, and the safety risk is reduced. The problems that after a tunnel is subjected to blasting excavation, an excavator is used for discharging dangerous surrounding rocks or weak and broken layered surrounding rocks are mechanically excavated through the excavator, so that overexcavation is too large, the stability of the surrounding rocks becomes poor, and sprayed concrete is wasted are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel construction excavation device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of high-speed railways and highways in western my country, the proportion of newly built high-speed railways and highway bridges and tunnels is high. The geographical and geological conditions in the western region are complex, and tunnels inevitably pass through areas with poor geology, especially layered surrounding rock areas. After blasting and excavation, the traditional method uses an excavator bucket or installs a crushing head to eliminate hazards. However, due to the serious over-excavation caused by danger elimination, large cavities are often caused after danger elimination, resulting in reduced stability of the surrounding rock, increased safety risks, serious over-consumption of concrete, and increased costs. Or in the soft and broken layered surrounding rock, the use of excavators for mechanical excavation results in an uneven excavation profile, irregular cross-section, and easy collapse, which increases safety risks and costs. At present, there are also cantilever tunnel boring machines that can perform danger elimination and mechanical excavation, but the cost of cantilever tunnel boring machines is too high, and the time to enter and exit the site is too long, which affects the construction cost and construction period. Summary of the invention

[0003] Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a tunnel construction excavation equipment and method; solve the problem that after tunnel blasting excavation, an excavator is used to remove danger or soft and broken layered surrounding rock is excavated by an excavator, resulting in excessive over-excavation, poor surrounding rock stability, and waste of shotcrete. Solve the problem that after tunnel blasting excavation, an excavator is used to remove danger or soft and broken layered surrounding rock is excavated by an excavator, resulting in excessive over-excavation, poor surrounding rock stability, and waste of shotcrete.

[0004] The present invention is implemented in this way: a tunnel construction excavation equipment is constructed, characterized in that it has an excavator, a detachable quick-connect cutter disc is installed at the front end of the excavator, and a roller is provided on the quick-connect cutter disc. The roller on the cutter disc is used to rotate and cut to remove dangerous rocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reducing excessive consumption of concrete and reducing safety risks.

[0005] A tunnel construction excavation method, characterized in that it is implemented in the following manner: the method includes: the implementation of surrounding rock danger removal after blasting excavation, and mechanical excavation of broken layered surrounding rock; Regarding the surrounding rock danger removal after blasting excavation; When the tunnel blasting is completed, the excavator loader and slag truck are used to cooperate in slag removal. After the slag removal is completed, the excavator is near the tunnel face, the excavator bucket is disassembled, and the quick-connect cutterhead is replaced and installed. The roller on the cutterhead is used to rotate and cut to remove dangerous rocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reducing excessive consumption of concrete and reducing safety risks; As for the mechanical excavation of the broken layered surrounding rock; During implementation, excavators are used for excavation in non-cutterhead excavation areas within the design contour line. Excavation is carried out by replacing the excavator bucket and installing the cutterhead within a range of about 1m from the design contour line of the arch crown and arch waist. The excavation contour line is trimmed to make the contour line smooth and reduce stress concentration; over-excavation and even the occurrence of cavity collapse are minimized.

[0006] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) reducing tunnel over-excavation, saving shotcrete and reducing costs; (2) making the tunnel excavation contour smooth, reducing stress concentration, improving the stability of the surrounding rock and reducing the risk of surrounding rock collapse; (3) reducing the occurrence of man-made collapse cavities and reducing the safety risks of workers in the construction of the scaffolding; (4) reducing the voids behind the initial support, the initial support is close to the surrounding rock, improving the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, and improving the coordinated deformation capacity of the surrounding rock support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1-Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a collapsed cavity within a certain range after the cleaning is completed; Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the tunnel excavation contour surface where dangerous rocks or slight intrusions are required to use an excavator; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the quick-connect cutter disc of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of rotary cutting to remove dangerous rocks; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a local cavity created by the excavator removing the entire rock; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead excavation area and the non-cutterhead excavation area.

[0008] Among them: excavator 1, quick-connect cutter head 2, roller cutter 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The following will be combined with the attached Figure 1-Figure 7 The present invention is described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0010] The present invention provides a tunnel construction excavation equipment, which is implemented as follows; it has an excavator 1, a detachable quick-connect cutter disc 2 is installed at the front end of the excavator, and a roller 3 is provided on the quick-connect cutter disc 2. The roller 3 on the cutter disc is used to rotate and cut to remove dangerous rocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reducing excessive consumption of concrete and reducing safety risks.

[0011] The present invention provides a tunnel construction excavation method, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. The method is mainly divided into two aspects: (1) a method for removing dangers from surrounding rocks after blasting excavation; (2) a method for mechanical excavation of broken layered surrounding rocks. After the tunnel is excavated by drilling and blasting, dangerous rocks on the tunnel excavation contour surface or slight intrusion positions need to be excavated by a machine (see Figure 3 ) to clear, such as Figure 1 As shown, however, after the cleaning is completed, a certain range of collapsed cavities is often caused, such as Figure 2 This patent invention is a practical method that can effectively complete the work of eliminating danger and make the tunnel contour smooth. When the tunnel blasting is completed, the excavator loader and the slag truck are used to cooperate with each other to remove the slag. After the slag is removed, the excavator is near the tunnel face and the excavator bucket is disassembled (see Figure 3 ), replace and install the quick-connect cutter head (see Figure 4 ), using the rotary cutter on the cutter head (see Figure 3 ), rotary cutting to remove dangerous rocks, the effect is as follows Figure 5 As shown. This reduces the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reduces excessive consumption of concrete and reduces safety risks.

[0012] For weak and broken layered surrounding rock, taking Grade V surrounding rock as an example, mechanical excavation is generally adopted. Excavators are mostly used for excavation at the construction site. After excavation, over-excavation is serious, especially when large blocks of rock intersect with the excavation contour line, the excavator will remove the entire rock, resulting in a local cavity (see Figure 6 This patent invention can effectively solve this problem by using an excavator in the non-cutterhead excavation area within the design contour line (see Figure 3 ) to excavate, replace the excavator bucket and install the cutter head (see Figure 4 ) to excavate, trim the excavation contour line, make the contour line smooth, reduce stress concentration, and minimize over-excavation and even cavity collapse.

[0013] This patent has the following advantages and beneficial effects: (1) reducing tunnel over-excavation, saving shotcrete, and reducing costs; (2) making the tunnel excavation contour smooth, reducing stress concentration, improving the stability of the surrounding rock, and reducing the risk of surrounding rock collapse; (3) reducing the occurrence of man-made collapse cavities and reducing the safety risks of construction workers; (4) reducing the voids behind the initial support, the initial support is close to the surrounding rock, improving the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, and improving the coordinated deformation capacity of the surrounding rock support.

[0014] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction excavation equipment, characterized in that; An excavator (1) is provided, wherein a detachable quick-connect cutter disc (2) is installed at the front end of the excavator, and a roller (3) is provided on the quick-connect cutter disc (2). The roller (3) on the cutter disc is used to rotate and cut away dangerous rocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reducing excessive consumption of concrete and lowering safety risks.

2. A tunnel construction excavation method, characterized in that: It is implemented as follows; the method includes: the implementation of surrounding rock danger removal after blasting excavation, and mechanical excavation of broken layered surrounding rock; Regarding the surrounding rock danger removal after blasting excavation; When the tunnel blasting is completed, the excavator loader and slag truck are used to cooperate in slag removal. After the slag removal is completed, the excavator is near the tunnel face, the excavator bucket is disassembled, and the quick-connect cutterhead is replaced and installed. The roller on the cutterhead is used to rotate and cut to remove dangerous rocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of over-excavation and cavity collapse, reducing excessive consumption of concrete and reducing safety risks; As for the mechanical excavation of the broken layered surrounding rock; During implementation, excavators are used for excavation in non-cutterhead excavation areas within the design contour line. Excavation is carried out by replacing the excavator bucket and installing the cutterhead within a range of about 1m from the design contour line of the arch crown and arch waist. The excavation contour line is trimmed to make the contour line smooth and reduce stress concentration; over-excavation and even the occurrence of cavity collapse are minimized.

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