Tobacco leaf listing and sampling method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf sampling, and particularly relates to a tobacco leaf listing and sampling method. The invention discloses a sampling method for carrying out tag hanging and harvesting on tobacco leaves according to leaf positions by utilizing tag treatment and disease identification, aiming at solving a series of problems that tobacco leaves are often mixed during large-scale, multi-variety and batched tobacco leaf sampling work, particularly mixing during tobacco leaf harvesting and baking, so that a test result is influenced, and the like. In a test requiring large-scale, multi-variety and batch sampling, growth conditions of tobacco leaves in different regions, different varieties, different plants, different grades and different leaf positions can be accurately positioned, and special identification is performed on special tobacco leaves, so that tracing of later samples is facilitated, and the sampling accuracy can be greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf sampling, and in particular relates to a tobacco leaf hanging sampling method. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is a typical leaf plant. Tobacco leaves with similar appearance may have large differences in internal quality, and tobacco leaves with large appearance differences are also likely to have similar internal quality. In the process of exploring the regularity and differences in the appearance quality characteristics of tobacco leaves in different growing areas and systematically studying the correlation between tobacco leaf appearance characteristics and sensory quality, chemical composition, and physical properties, the accuracy of tobacco leaf sampling and the identification of tobacco samples are particularly important.

[0003] In the existing field sampling methods, in order to reduce experimental errors and ensure that the samples can represent the population, multiple sampling points are usually selected on a piece of land during sampling. Diagonal sampling and S-shaped sampling are commonly used. The number and location of the sampling points are determined according to the size and shape of the plot. Random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, multi-stage sampling, etc. are commonly used.

[0004] Random sampling can minimize bias because each sample has the same chance of being selected. It is suitable for situations where there are large differences within the sample population and can better reflect the diversity of the population. However, if the number of samples is insufficient, it may not be able to fully capture all quality variations, and randomness may cause tobacco leaves with certain specific areas or characteristics to be missed. The systematic sampling method is simple to operate, easy to standardize and reproduce, and can systematically cover the entire sample population and reduce random errors. However, if there are periodic quality fluctuations in the sample population, systematic sampling may amplify the impact of such fluctuations. It is not as flexible as random sampling and may not be suitable for all types of sample populations. The stratified sampling method is suitable for situations where there is an obvious hierarchical structure within the sample population. It can ensure that each layer is represented and improve the accuracy of estimating population parameters. However, it is necessary to understand the stratification of the sample population in advance, otherwise the stratification may not be appropriate. If the differences within the layers are not large, stratified sampling may not bring significant improvements. The multi-stage sampling method combines a variety of sampling techniques and can work effectively in large or complex sample populations. At the same time, the sampling strategy can be adjusted at different stages to adapt to the characteristics of the sample, but the process is relatively complex and requires more planning and execution time. In addition, professional knowledge may be required to design a suitable multi-stage sampling plan.

[0005] Although the above sampling methods are widely used in tobacco leaf experiments, they all have some disadvantages, which may affect the representativeness and accuracy of the sampling results:

[0006] 1. Subjectivity: Traditional sampling methods may rely on the experience and judgment of the sampler, which may lead to subjective bias in the sampling results.

[0007] 2. Lack of representativeness: If the sampling method is not random or systematic enough, it may not fully represent the quality of the entire batch of tobacco leaves.

[0008] 3. Inefficiency: Traditional sampling methods can be time-consuming, especially when dealing with large quantities of tobacco leaves, which increases labor and time costs.

[0009] 4. Difficult to standardize: Due to its reliance on individual operations, traditional sampling methods may be difficult to maintain consistency across time and locations, which affects the comparability of results.

[0010] 5. Susceptible to environmental influences: Sampling in an open-air environment may be affected by weather conditions, such as humidity and temperature, which may change the state of the tobacco leaves and thus affect the sampling results.

[0011] Therefore, developing a new sampling method suitable for large-scale, multi-variety, batch tobacco leaf sampling, and capable of separately distinguishing tobacco leaves from different regions, varieties, strains, grades, and leaf positions has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0012] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new sampling method suitable for large-scale, multi-variety, batch tobacco sampling work, and capable of distinguishing tobacco leaves from different regions, varieties, strains, grades, and leaf positions. This will provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the regularity and differences in the appearance quality characteristics of tobacco leaves in different planting areas, and will lay a technical foundation for systematically studying the correlation between tobacco leaf appearance characteristics and sensory quality, chemical composition, and physical properties, exploring the visualization and digital representation of tobacco leaf appearance quality characteristics, gradually building a tobacco leaf quality database, and improving the tobacco leaf appearance quality characteristics evaluation standard system.

[0013] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0014] A tobacco leaf tag sampling method utilizes labels to mark, tag and harvest tobacco leaves according to leaf positions.

[0015] As we all know, tobacco is a typical leaf crop. Different varieties of tobacco have different characteristics. Different strains of the same variety or even different leaf positions of the same strain have different quality and appearance characteristics. In addition, tobacco can be divided into three grades of leaves: upper, middle and lower, according to the appearance characteristics of the leaves (such as leaf shape, color, thickness) and the maturity of the leaves. Different grades of tobacco are harvested at different times, in the order of lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves.

[0016] The lower leaves usually refer to the few leaves at the bottom of the tobacco plant. Because these leaves are close to the ground, there is insufficient light and high humidity, so the leaves are thinner, lighter in color, loose in texture, less oil, and lower in sugar, total nitrogen and nicotine content. The quality after roasting is average, the taste is mediocre, with little irritation and off-flavor, but the stem content is high. The harvest time is usually earlier, and generally should be harvested when the tobacco leaf area reaches more than 75% and turns yellow.

[0017] The middle leaves are located in the middle of the tobacco plant. These leaves have good light and ventilation conditions, moderate leaf thickness, orange or lemon yellow color, more oil, moderate extinguishing ability, strong hygroscopicity, medium stem content, good elasticity, slightly poor filling power, mellow taste, full aroma, moderate strength, and little irritation and off-flavor. The quality of flue-cured tobacco is the best in the middle leaves. The middle leaves are usually harvested when the tobacco leaf area reaches more than 85% and turns yellow. The upper leaves are located at the top of the tobacco plant. These leaves have the best light and nutrition conditions, thick leaves, darker color, less oil than the middle leaves, slower extinguishing ability, poor hygroscopicity, medium filling power, and low stem content. The quality of the upper leaves after baking is average, with strong taste, strong strength and irritation. The upper leaves are usually harvested when the tobacco leaf area reaches 95% and turns yellow. Therefore, tobacco should be harvested three times in total during its entire growth period.

[0018] When conducting research on the regularity and differences of tobacco leaf appearance quality characteristics, it is often necessary to distinguish tobacco leaves from different regions, varieties, strains, grades, and leaf positions separately. However, when using the above sampling methods to conduct large-scale, multi-variety, and batch tobacco leaf sampling, tobacco leaf mixing often occurs, including mixing during tobacco leaf harvesting and baking, which affects the test results.

[0019] The present invention utilizes label processing and disease identification and labels and harvests tobacco leaves by leaf position. In experiments requiring large-scale, multi-variety, batch sampling, the growth conditions of tobacco leaves in different regions, varieties, strains, grades, and leaf positions can be accurately located, and special tobacco leaves can be specially identified for later sample traceability, which can greatly improve the accuracy of sampling. High accuracy can also highlight representativeness, ensuring that the sample can represent the entire batch of tobacco leaves and reduce errors.

[0020] In addition, when labeling and disease identification are performed, a clear sampling plan can often be formed, including the sampling time, location, and number of samples required, which can greatly improve sampling efficiency. The labeling and harvesting by leaf position by a dedicated person can ensure the accuracy of sampling and prevent the sampling position from being affected by external factors, while also facilitating recording and tracking. All sampling activities are recorded in detail, including the sampling time, location, sampling position, and quantity, which improves the rigor of sampling work. Unified labeling and labeling methods make it easy to establish standardized processes, which helps to maintain the consistency and comparability of sampling work.

[0021] Furthermore, the label marking method includes label processing and disease identification, and the specific method includes: using PVC waterproof tags as labels and marking the labels; using different color labels to represent different test varieties, and marking Arabic numerals in sequence to represent different leaf position numbers; when labeling diseased tobacco leaves according to leaf position, adding a specific disease identification after the number of leaf positions.

[0022] Furthermore, the leaf position labeling and harvesting method includes: numbering the leaf position of each tobacco plant from bottom to top, labeling the leaves before labeling, and hanging them from bottom to top, with the lower part being small leaf positions and the upper part being large leaf positions; the leaf position label is hung on each tobacco leaf 5-10 cm away from the petiole, and is tied tightly to ensure that it does not fall off; after the tobacco leaves mature, they are harvested and cured according to the leaf position, the number of leaves harvested and cured for each plant is the same, and the leaves are classified according to the leaf position and then braided and roasted.

[0023] It is worth noting that, considering that the leaf position label is easy to fall off if it is hung too low, and easy to damage the leaves if it is hung too high, the present invention limits the leaf position label to be hung 5-10 cm away from the petiole of each tobacco leaf.

[0024] Furthermore, before and after the cultivation of flue-cured tobacco, specific steps include label preparation, label processing, leaf position labeling, disease identification, leaf position harvesting, individual baking and leaf position classification.

[0025] Furthermore, the specific steps include:

[0026] (1) Preparation for labeling: Before labeling, three bottom leaves were cleared according to the growth and development of tobacco leaves in the experimental plots, and the topping work was completed at the same time to determine the total number of leaves, so that the leaf positions can be arranged from bottom to top according to the total number of leaves in the later stage, with the lower part being the small leaf position and the upper part being the large leaf position;

[0027] (2) Label processing: Use PVC waterproof hangtag labels, and use different color labels to represent different test varieties, and use Arabic numerals to represent different leaf numbers in sequence;

[0028] (3) Leaf position labeling: The leaf positions of each tobacco plant are numbered from bottom to top. Labels are placed on the labels before hanging. When hanging, they are hung from bottom to top, with small leaf positions at the bottom and large leaf positions at the top. The leaf position labels are hung 5-10 cm away from the petiole of each tobacco leaf and tied tightly to ensure that they do not fall off.

[0029] (4) Disease identification: When labeling diseased tobacco leaves according to leaf position, add a specific disease identification after the number of leaf positions;

[0030] (5) Harvesting by leaf position: After the tobacco leaves mature, they are harvested by leaf position, and the number of leaves harvested and roasted per plant is the same;

[0031] (6) Individual baking: Each harvested tobacco leaf is sorted by leaf position and individually braided before baking;

[0032] (7) Leaf position classification: After the tobacco leaves of each leaf position are cured, they are classified and stored in the order of the leaf positions marked on the labels; the same leaf positions of the same variety are bundled, weighed, and packaged for later testing needs.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes label processing and disease identification and labels and harvests tobacco leaves by leaf position. In experiments requiring large-scale, multi-variety, batch sampling, the growth of tobacco leaves in different regions, varieties, strains, grades, and leaf positions can be accurately located, and special tobacco leaves can be specially marked for the traceability of later samples, which can greatly improve the accuracy of sampling. High accuracy can also highlight representativeness, ensure that the sample can represent the entire batch of tobacco leaves, and reduce errors. In addition, when label processing and disease identification are performed, a clear sampling plan can often be formed, including the time, place, and number of samples required for sampling, which can greatly improve the sampling efficiency. And the labeling and harvesting of special personnel by leaf position can facilitate recording and tracking while ensuring the accuracy of sampling and not being affected by external factors on the sampling position, so that all sampling activities have detailed records, including the sampling time, place, sampling position, and quantity, and improve the rigor of sampling work. Unified label processing and labeling methods are easy to establish standardized processes, which helps to maintain the consistency and comparability of sampling work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of the process steps of the tobacco leaf tag sampling method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The word "embodiment" used here as an "exemplary" does not necessarily mean that any embodiment described is superior to or better than other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the performance index tests in the embodiments of this application are performed using conventional test methods in the art. It should be understood that the terms described in this application are only used to describe specific implementation methods and are not used to limit the content disclosed in this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the technical and scientific terms used in this document have the same meanings as commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; other experimental methods and technical means not specifically specified in this application refer to experimental methods and technical means commonly used by ordinary technicians in this field.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "ascending", "descending", "vertical", "face", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] In order to better illustrate the content of the present application, numerous specific details are provided in the specific examples below. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application can also be implemented without certain specific details. In the embodiments, some methods, means, instruments, equipment, etc. well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main purpose of the present application.

[0041] Under the premise of no conflict, the technical features disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be combined arbitrarily, and the resulting technical solutions belong to the contents disclosed in the embodiments of the present application.

[0042] In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further specifically described below through the following examples, but it should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by technicians in this field based on the above invention content are also considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Implementation Plan for the Study on the Appearance Characteristics and Image Digital Representation of Hunan Tobacco Leaves in 2024

[0045] 1. Test Varieties

[0046] Three experimental varieties, Yunyan 87, K326 and Xiangyan 7, are planted at the test site. The test area for each variety must not be less than 1 mu, and the planting scale of a single variety is 16-20 mu.

[0047] 2. Site selection of test sites

[0048] The experimental field is required to be 450 meters above sea level, with loam soil, medium to high fertility, tobacco-rice rotation field, good light conditions, convenient transportation, easy irrigation, uniform fertility, no Solanaceae crops planted in the previous year, and no serious pests and diseases. The fixed observation area for each variety shall not be less than 1 mu.

[0049] 3. Selection of Experimental Households

[0050] Three tobacco farmers with more than three years of planting experience, high cooperation, agreement to follow the test plan and with a certain level of tobacco leaf planting were selected. A test agreement was signed with the farmers, requiring one variety per household and the planting scale of the test farmers to be around 20-50 acres.

[0051] 4. Test methods

[0052] 1. Cultivation management and harvesting requirements

[0053] Tobacco leaf production technology is implemented in accordance with the production technology supporting plan of three varieties in Shaoyang area. Before the end of December, the three varieties (Yunyan 87, Xiangyan No. 7, K326) will be sown on the same day in the same nursery and unified management will be implemented. The site selection of tobacco fields will be completed before February 10. The three varieties will be basically transplanted by the end of March. Try to achieve unified transplanting, shorten the transplanting time interval, and water the roots while transplanting to ensure the survival rate of transplanting. The test field management should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standardized agricultural operations, and the characteristics of the varieties should be fully expressed as much as possible to reduce the test error. Fertilization is implemented according to the three-variety package fertilization plan, adhere to the direction of medium-sized tobacco cultivation, strictly implement the package fertilization, apply fertilizer scientifically, strictly control the average nitrogen application per mu to not exceed 9.5KG, and eliminate excessive and excessive application of fertilizers outside the package. Tobacco fields with normal growth and development of tobacco plants, good upper tobacco leaf opening, and good fresh tobacco layering and yellowing should be selected as test fixed-point observation fields. Remove 4-5 leaves of unsuitable fresh tobacco from the bottom before tobacco leaf harvesting and baking.

[0054] 2. Experimental treatment

[0055] According to the growth and development of tobacco leaves in the experimental field, after cleaning off 3 bottom leaves, 550 tobacco plants with normal upper tobacco leaves, good growth and development, uniformity and no obvious pests and diseases were selected as experimental tobacco plants in each variety of fixed observation field, and the leaf positions of each tobacco plant were numbered from bottom to top. Mark with labels of different colors (Yunyan 87 with white labels, K326 with blue labels, and Xiangyan No. 7 with yellow labels), and the three varieties are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, , 20, , (to the highest leaf position). Fill in the marking number on the label paper with a marker, and hang from bottom to top, with the lower part being the small leaf position and the upper part being the large leaf position. The leaf position label is hung 5 cm from the petiole of each tobacco leaf, and it is tied tightly to ensure that it does not fall off. The sample tobacco label is always hung on the petiole of the sample tobacco. In addition, representative tobacco plants with local diseases are selected, and they are also marked with reference to the leaf position samples, indicating the type of disease, and modulation and sampling are carried out.

[0056] 3. Harvest and roasting

[0057] After the tobacco leaves mature, special personnel are arranged to pick and dry them according to the leaf positions. The number of leaves picked and dried for each plant each time is the same. The leaves are classified and arranged according to the leaf positions before being dried. 4-5 harvests are required, of which the upper 5-6 leaves are picked and dried at one time. During the baking process, the test fresh tobacco is placed in the observation window of the baking room and baked together with fresh tobacco with similar baking quality to the test fresh tobacco. The baking process is carried out according to the medium temperature and medium humidity baking process. Mixed varieties and mixed leaf positions are not allowed to be baked. It is necessary to focus on strengthening the guidance and supervision of the picking and baking process, and the implementers should personally check the maturity standards of the picked and baked fresh leaves, the number of leaves picked, and ensure the baking quality.

[0058] 4. Save by category

[0059] After the tobacco leaves of each leaf position are baked, they are processed and stored in the order of leaf position. The same leaf position of the same variety is bundled, weighed, and packaged with kraft paper and sample bags.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tobacco leaf sampling method, characterized in that: Use labels to mark and harvest tobacco leaves according to leaf position.

2. The tobacco leaf sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The label marking method includes label processing and disease identification, and the specific method includes: Use PVC waterproof tags as labels and mark them; use different color labels to represent different test varieties, and mark Arabic numerals in sequence to represent different leaf positions; when labeling diseased tobacco leaves according to leaf position, add a specific disease mark after the number of leaf positions.

3. The tobacco leaf sampling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for leaf position listing and harvesting comprises: The leaf positions of each tobacco plant are numbered from bottom to top. The labels are processed before hanging. When hanging, they are hung from bottom to top, with small leaves at the bottom and large leaves at the top. The leaf position labels are hung 5-10cm away from the petiole of each tobacco leaf and tied tightly to ensure that they do not fall off. After the tobacco leaves mature, they are harvested and cured according to the leaf position. The number of leaves harvested and cured for each plant is the same each time, and they are classified according to the leaf position, arranged on poles, and then roasted.

4. The tobacco leaf sampling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Before and after flue-cured tobacco planting, specific steps include label preparation, label processing, leaf position labeling, disease identification, leaf position harvesting, individual baking and leaf position classification.

5. The tobacco leaf sampling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps include: (1) Preparation for labeling: Before labeling, three bottom leaves were cleared according to the growth and development of tobacco leaves in the experimental plots, and the topping work was completed at the same time to determine the total number of leaves, so that the leaf positions can be arranged from bottom to top according to the total number of leaves in the later stage, with the lower part being the small leaf position and the upper part being the large leaf position; (2) Label processing: Use PVC waterproof hangtag labels, and use different color labels to represent different test varieties, and use Arabic numerals to represent different leaf numbers in sequence; (3) Leaf position labeling: The leaf positions of each tobacco plant are numbered from bottom to top. Labels are placed on the labels before hanging. When hanging, they are hung from bottom to top, with small leaf positions at the bottom and large leaf positions at the top. The leaf position labels are hung 5-10 cm away from the petiole of each tobacco leaf and tied tightly to ensure that they do not fall off. (4) Disease identification: When labeling diseased tobacco leaves according to leaf position, add a specific disease identification after the number of leaf positions; (5) Harvesting by leaf position: After the tobacco leaves mature, they are harvested by leaf position, and the number of leaves harvested and roasted per plant is the same; (6) Individual baking: Each harvested tobacco leaf is sorted by leaf position and individually braided before baking; (7) Leaf position classification: After the tobacco leaves of each leaf position are cured, they are classified and stored in the order of the leaf positions marked on the labels; the same leaf positions of the same variety are bundled, weighed, and packaged for later testing needs.

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