Heat energy self-adaptive circulating fuel cell stack structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat energy self-adaptive circulating fuel cell stack structure which comprises a stack body and a gas distribution end arranged at one end of the stack body, a first cooling path inlet and a second cooling path outlet are formed in one end of the gas distribution end, and a first cooling path outlet and a second cooling path inlet are formed in the other end of the gas distribution end; the electric pile body comprises first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates which are alternately arranged; the first cooling path inlet is communicated with the first cooling path outlet through a first cooling path flow field of the first bipolar plate to form a first cooling path; the second cooling path inlet is communicated with the second cooling path outlet through a second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate to form a second cooling path; and the flowing direction of the first cooling path is opposite to that of the second cooling path. The self-adaptive circulation of heat energy in the stack can be realized, the temperature difference of the reaction area is effectively homogenized, the consistency of the performance of the stack is improved, and the life of the stack is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are an important technology for the global green energy transformation in the 21st century. Improving the uniformity of the internal environment of hydrogen fuel cells will help optimize the performance of the stack, extend the life of the stack, and reduce the risk of local failure. The uniformity of the temperature inside the stack is a key indicator in the design and development of the stack. The existing optimization of the temperature control of the stack mainly focuses on the water thermal management method, system design, and the design optimization of related cooling components in the system, and rarely involves the design of the uniformity of the temperature inside the stack at the stack level.

[0003] At present, the cooling path design of the fuel cell stack is generally to enter from one end of the plate and flow out from the other end. In a full-size fuel cell stack (the active area of ​​a single membrane electrode is usually 250-400 cm 2 ) at high current density (1.5A / cm 2 Under the conditions of 200 °C and above, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack is generally above 10 °C, and in some cases it can reach 15 °C. The large temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack will aggravate the differences in catalyst activity, gas humidity, liquid water content, performance consistency, etc. inside the fuel cell stack. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure, aiming to solve the problems that the existing stack structure cannot reduce the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack and it is difficult to ensure the temperature uniformity within the stack.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure, comprising a stack body and a gas distribution end arranged at one end of the stack body; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path inlet and a second cooling path outlet, and the other end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path outlet and a second cooling path inlet;

[0006] The stack body includes a first bipolar plate and a second bipolar plate that are alternately arranged; the first cooling path inlet is connected to the first cooling path outlet through the first cooling path flow field of the first bipolar plate to form a first cooling path; the second cooling path inlet is connected to the second cooling path outlet through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate to form a second cooling path; the flow direction of the first cooling path is opposite to the flow direction of the second cooling path.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the coolant flow rate of the first cooling path is equal to the coolant flow rate of the second cooling path.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the first cooling path inlet is the same as the shape of the second cooling path inlet, and the area of ​​the first cooling path inlet is the same as the area of ​​the second cooling path inlet;

[0009] The shape of the first cooling path outlet is the same as the shape of the second cooling path outlet, and the area of ​​the first cooling path outlet is the same as the area of ​​the second cooling path outlet.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet and the second cooling path outlet are arranged adjacent to each other; the first cooling path outlet and the second cooling path inlet are arranged adjacent to each other. The adjacent arrangement may be vertically adjacent arrangement, horizontally adjacent arrangement, or other adjacent arrangement methods.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the gas distribution end is provided with an air path inlet, and the other end is provided with an air path outlet; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a hydrogen path inlet, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen path outlet.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the air path inlet is disposed close to one end of the first cooling path inlet, or the air path inlet is disposed close to one end of the first cooling path outlet.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the air path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end (hydrogen-air countercurrent); or, the air path inlet and the hydrogen path inlet are arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end (hydrogen-air cocurrent).

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet, the second cooling path outlet, the first cooling path outlet, the second cooling path inlet, the air path inlet, the air path outlet, the hydrogen path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are circular openings, square openings or irregular openings.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, a first cooling path electrode plate inlet A and a second cooling path electrode plate outlet A are provided at one end of the first bipolar plate, and a first cooling path electrode plate outlet A and a second cooling path electrode plate inlet A are provided at the other end; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A are connected through the first cooling path flow field; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A is connected to the first cooling path inlet, and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A is connected to the first cooling path outlet;

[0016] The second cooling path pole plate inlet A is connected to the second cooling path inlet, and the second cooling path pole plate outlet A is connected to the second cooling path outlet.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, a first cooling path electrode plate inlet B and a second cooling path electrode plate outlet B are provided at one end of the second bipolar plate, and a first cooling path electrode plate outlet B and a second cooling path electrode plate inlet B are provided at the other end; the second cooling path electrode plate inlet B and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet B are connected through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate; the second cooling path electrode plate inlet B is connected to the second cooling path electrode plate inlet A, and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet B is connected to the second cooling path electrode plate outlet A.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the battery stack body is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.

[0019] Beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: By setting a multi-directional flow field in the stack structure, the internal heat energy of the stack can be adaptively circulated, which can effectively even out the temperature difference in the reaction zone inside the stack, reduce the temperature gradient in the membrane electrode active area, and effectively improve the environmental uniformity between the inlet and outlet of the stack, thereby effectively improving the consistency of the stack performance and the life of the stack. Through the structure of the present application, there is no need to increase the additional coolant flow or cooling power consumption on the system, which has high practicality and economy, a wide range of applications, and can be produced and used as a general product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a first bipolar plate of a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure;

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second bipolar plate of the thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure adopted in the present application.

[0026] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time.

[0031] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0032] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention proposes the following technical solution: a thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure, comprising a stack body 10 and a gas distribution end 20 arranged at one end of the stack body 10; one end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with a first cooling path inlet 21 and a second cooling path outlet 22, and the other end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with a first cooling path outlet 23 and a second cooling path inlet 24;

[0033] The stack body 10 includes alternately arranged first bipolar plates 11 and second bipolar plates 12; the first cooling path inlet 21 is connected to the first cooling path outlet 23 through the first cooling path flow field 111 of the first bipolar plate 11 to form a first cooling path 30; the second cooling path inlet 24 is connected to the second cooling path outlet 22 through the second cooling path flow field 121 of the second bipolar plate 12 to form a second cooling path 40; the flow direction of the first cooling path 30 is opposite to the flow direction of the second cooling path 40.

[0034] In the battery stack body, the first bipolar plates and the second bipolar plates are alternately arranged to form a structure of “first bipolar plate / second bipolar plate / first bipolar plate / second bipolar plate…”.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the coolant flow rate of the first cooling path 30 is equal to the coolant flow rate of the second cooling path 40 .

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the first cooling path inlet 21 is the same as the shape of the second cooling path inlet 24, and the area of ​​the first cooling path inlet 21 is the same as the area of ​​the second cooling path inlet 24;

[0037] The shape of the first cooling path outlet 23 is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet 22 , and the area of ​​the first cooling path outlet 23 is the same as that of the second cooling path outlet 22 .

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are arranged adjacent to each other; the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are arranged adjacent to each other. In the embodiment of the present application, the adjacent arrangement can be an upper and lower adjacent arrangement (such as Figure 1 As shown), it can also be set adjacent to the left and right (as shown Figure 4 as shown), or other adjacent settings.

[0039] Specifically, in this embodiment, if Figure 1As shown, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22, as well as the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are arranged adjacent to each other up and down.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with an air path inlet 25, and the other end is provided with an air path outlet 26; one end of the gas distribution end 20 is provided with a hydrogen path inlet 27, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen path outlet 28.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the air path inlet 25 is disposed near one end of the first cooling path inlet 21. It is understandable that in other embodiments, the air path inlet 25 may also be disposed near one end of the first cooling path outlet 23.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the air path inlet 25 and the hydrogen path outlet 28 are arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end 20 (hydrogen-air countercurrent). It can be understood that in other embodiments, the air path inlet 25 and the hydrogen path inlet 27 can also be arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end 20 (hydrogen-air cocurrent).

[0043] The air path inlet 25 is defined as the stack inlet side, and the air path outlet 26 is defined as the stack outlet side. Then, the inlets of the first cooling path and the second cooling path are located at the stack inlet side and the stack outlet side, respectively. That is, Figure 1 As shown, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are located at the inlet side of the stack, and the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are located at the outlet side of the stack. Or conversely, in other embodiments, the first cooling path inlet 21 and the second cooling path outlet 22 are located at the outlet side of the stack, and the first cooling path outlet 23 and the second cooling path inlet 24 are located at the inlet side of the stack.

[0044] That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the arrangement of the hydrogen, air, and coolant inlets and outlets can be set according to actual needs, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inlet and outlet of the cooling circuit are arranged between the inlet and outlet of the air and the hydrogen; in other embodiments, the arrangement of the inlet and outlet of the hydrogen, air, and coolant may also be in other orders, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling circuit is not necessarily between the inlet and outlet of the air and the hydrogen.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the first cooling path inlet 21, the second cooling path outlet 22, the first cooling path outlet 23, the second cooling path inlet 24, the air path inlet 25, the air path outlet 26, the hydrogen path inlet 27 and the hydrogen path outlet 28 are circular openings, square openings or special-shaped openings.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the shapes of the first cooling path inlet and outlet, the second cooling path inlet and outlet, the air path inlet and outlet, and the hydrogen path inlet and outlet can be set according to actual needs, and can be set to be circular, rectangular, square or special-shaped, etc. The illustration is only for showing the approximate position of each inlet and outlet.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, a first cooling path electrode plate inlet A112 and a second cooling path electrode plate outlet A113 are provided at one end of the first bipolar plate 11, and a first cooling path electrode plate outlet A114 and a second cooling path electrode plate inlet A115 are provided at the other end; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A112 and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A114 are connected via the first cooling path flow field 111; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A112 is connected to the first cooling path inlet 21, and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A114 is connected to the first cooling path outlet 23;

[0048] The second cooling path electrode plate inlet A 115 is connected to the second cooling path inlet 24 , and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet A 113 is connected to the second cooling path outlet 22 .

[0049] In the first bipolar plate structure, the first cooling path plate inlet / outlet A of the first bipolar plate is connected to the first cooling path flow field inside the first bipolar plate, and the second cooling path plate inlet / outlet A is not connected to the cooling path flow field inside the first bipolar plate. In this way, the flow path of the coolant in the first bipolar plate is: first cooling path plate inlet A 112 → first cooling path flow field 111 → first cooling path plate outlet A 114. The flow direction of the coolant is from the inlet side of the stack to the outlet side of the stack.

[0050] One end of the first bipolar plate is also provided with an air inlet 116 and a hydrogen outlet 117, and the other end is also provided with an air outlet 118 and a hydrogen inlet 119. The air inlet 116 of the first bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the air inlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen outlet 117 of the first bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen outlet of the gas distribution end; the air outlet 118 of the first bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the air outlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen inlet 119 of the first bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen inlet of the gas distribution end.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, one end of the second bipolar plate 12 is provided with a first cooling path pole plate inlet B122 and a second cooling path pole plate outlet B123, and the other end is provided with a first cooling path pole plate outlet B124 and a second cooling path pole plate inlet B125; the second cooling path pole plate inlet B125 and the second cooling path pole plate outlet B123 are connected through the second cooling path flow field 121; the second cooling path pole plate inlet B125 and the second cooling path pole plate inlet A115 are connected, and the second cooling path pole plate outlet B123 and the second cooling path pole plate outlet A113 are connected.

[0052] In the second bipolar plate structure, the second cooling path plate inlet / outlet B of the second bipolar plate is connected to the second cooling path flow field inside the second bipolar plate, and the first cooling path plate inlet / outlet B is not connected to the cooling path flow field inside the second bipolar plate. In this way, the flow path of the coolant in the second bipolar plate is: second cooling path plate inlet B → second cooling path flow field 121 → second cooling path plate outlet B. The flow direction of the coolant is from the outlet side of the stack to the inlet side of the stack.

[0053] One end of the second bipolar plate is also provided with an air path inlet 126 and a hydrogen path outlet 127, and the other end is also provided with an air path outlet 128 and a hydrogen path inlet 129. The air path inlet 126 of the second bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the air path inlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen path outlet 127 of the second bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen path outlet of the gas distribution end; the air path outlet 128 of the second bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the air path outlet of the gas distribution end; the hydrogen path inlet 129 of the second bipolar plate is adapted to and correspondingly arranged with the hydrogen path inlet of the gas distribution end.

[0054] The inlets and outlets of the gas distribution end are respectively matched with the inlets and outlets of the first bipolar plate and the inlets and outlets of the second bipolar plate and are arranged correspondingly. For example, the first cooling path inlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with the first cooling path plate inlet A and the first cooling path plate inlet B and are arranged correspondingly; the first cooling path outlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with the first cooling path plate outlet A and the first cooling path plate outlet B and are arranged correspondingly; the second cooling path inlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with the second cooling path plate inlet A and the second cooling path plate inlet B and are arranged correspondingly; the second cooling path outlet of the gas distribution end is respectively matched with the second cooling path plate outlet A and the second cooling path plate outlet B and are arranged correspondingly. Matching means that the shapes and sizes of the inlets and outlets are matched; corresponding arrangement means that the arrangement positions correspond, so that a passage is formed for the entire stack.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the battery stack body 10 is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.

[0056] The structure of the present application is a stack capable of realizing heat energy adaptive cycle technology, and is equipped with two cooling paths, and the coolant flows through the inside of the stack through different cooling paths. Moreover, the two cooling circuits have opposite flow directions inside the stack.

[0057] The air path inlet is defined as the stack inlet, and the air path outlet is defined as the stack outlet. If the flow direction of the first cooling path is from the inlet to the outlet, the flow direction of the second cooling path is from the outlet to the inlet. Similarly, if the flow direction of the first cooling path is from the outlet to the inlet, the flow direction of the second cooling path is from the inlet to the outlet.

[0058] The two cooling paths are arranged alternately in the fuel cell stack, that is, the first cooling path is distributed in the first bipolar plate and the second cooling path is distributed in the second bipolar plate, or the first cooling path is distributed in the second bipolar plate and the second cooling path is distributed in the first bipolar plate.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, at the inlet side of the stack, the air entering the stack and the coolant on one side of the membrane electrode (the first cooling path, the flow direction is from the inlet to the outlet) have just entered the stack and the temperature is relatively low, while the coolant on the other side of the membrane electrode (the second cooling path, the flow direction is from the outlet to the inlet) is about to flow out of the stack and the temperature is relatively high. At this time, the coolant in the second cooling path transfers heat to the membrane electrode, heating the membrane electrode on the inlet side, causing it to rise to a higher temperature more quickly, thereby increasing the catalyst reaction activity.

[0060] At the outlet side of the stack, the air out of the stack and the coolant in the first cooling path are about to flow out of the stack, and the temperature is relatively high. At this time, the coolant in the second cooling path has just entered the stack, and the temperature is relatively low. At this time, the coolant in the second cooling path absorbs heat from the membrane electrode, cools the membrane electrode at the outlet side, and reduces the temperature difference in the active area. As a result, a thermal cycle is formed in the stack.

[0061] The heat energy exchanged by the thermal cycle can be determined according to the heat generated by the stack during operation. Under low and medium electric density, the heat generated by the stack is small, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack is small, and the heat energy involved in the thermal cycle is small; under high electric density, the heat generated by the stack increases with the increase of current, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the stack increases, and more heat energy participates in the thermal cycle, so that the temperature gradient on the active area of ​​the membrane electrode is kept in a small range.

[0062] from Figure 5 It can be seen that during the whole process, adaptive circulation of thermal energy is achieved inside the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the temperature uniformity in the active area.

[0063] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "an embodiment", "example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0064] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that: It comprises a fuel cell stack body and a gas distribution end arranged at one end of the fuel cell stack body; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path inlet and a second cooling path outlet, and the other end of the gas distribution end is provided with a first cooling path outlet and a second cooling path inlet; The stack body includes first bipolar plates and second bipolar plates arranged alternately; the first cooling path inlet is connected to the first cooling path outlet through the first cooling path flow field of the first bipolar plate to form a first cooling path; The second cooling path inlet is connected to the second cooling path outlet through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate to form a second cooling path; A flow direction of the first cooling path is opposite to a flow direction of the second cooling path.

2. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coolant flow rate of the first cooling path is equal to the coolant flow rate of the second cooling path.

3. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the first cooling path inlet is the same as the shape of the second cooling path inlet, and the area of ​​the first cooling path inlet is the same as the area of ​​the second cooling path inlet; The shape of the first cooling path outlet is the same as the shape of the second cooling path outlet, and the area of ​​the first cooling path outlet is the same as the area of ​​the second cooling path outlet.

4. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cooling path inlet and the second cooling path outlet are disposed adjacent to each other; the first cooling path outlet and the second cooling path inlet are disposed adjacent to each other.

5. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the gas distribution end is provided with an air path inlet, and the other end is provided with an air path outlet; one end of the gas distribution end is provided with a hydrogen path inlet, and the other end is provided with a hydrogen path outlet.

6. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air path inlet is disposed close to one end of the first cooling path inlet, or the air path inlet is disposed close to one end of the first cooling path outlet.

7. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end; or, the air path inlet and the hydrogen path inlet are arranged on the same end of the gas distribution end; The first cooling path inlet, the second cooling path outlet, the first cooling path outlet, the second cooling path inlet, the air path inlet, the air path outlet, the hydrogen path inlet and the hydrogen path outlet are circular openings, square openings or special-shaped openings.

8. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first cooling path electrode plate inlet A and a second cooling path electrode plate outlet A are provided at one end of the first bipolar plate, and a first cooling path electrode plate outlet A and a second cooling path electrode plate inlet A are provided at the other end; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A are connected through the first cooling path flow field; the first cooling path electrode plate inlet A is connected to the first cooling path inlet, and the first cooling path electrode plate outlet A is connected to the first cooling path outlet; The second cooling path pole plate inlet A is connected to the second cooling path inlet, and the second cooling path pole plate outlet A is connected to the second cooling path outlet.

9. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A first cooling path electrode plate inlet B and a second cooling path electrode plate outlet B are provided at one end of the second bipolar plate, and a first cooling path electrode plate outlet B and a second cooling path electrode plate inlet B are provided at the other end; the second cooling path electrode plate inlet B and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet B are connected through the second cooling path flow field of the second bipolar plate; the second cooling path electrode plate inlet B is connected to the second cooling path electrode plate inlet A, and the second cooling path electrode plate outlet B is connected to the second cooling path electrode plate outlet A.

10. The thermal energy adaptive cycle fuel cell stack structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery stack body is a water-cooled graphite stack or a water-cooled metal stack.

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