Broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, which belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas and structurally comprises a dielectric resonator serving as a main antenna radiator, a dielectric substrate A, a metal floor, a dielectric substrate B, a metal microstrip line and a U-shaped metal cavity from top to bottom in sequence. The U-shaped metal cavity serves as a main element of the antenna for realizing a wide beam, is placed at the bottom of the antenna, and is used for introducing vertical current and horizontal current for supplementary radiation; and the metal floor is connected with the U-shaped metal cavity. According to the invention, the bandwidth of the dielectric resonator antenna is expanded through the mode of exciting and combining the grooves and the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator; the U-shaped metal cavity is formed by bending the floor of the dielectric resonator antenna, so that the beam width of the antenna on the E surface and the H surface is widened. In a working frequency band, the beam widths of the two surfaces are both greater than 180 degrees, so that a radiation effect with stable wide beam characteristics in a relatively wide frequency band is realized; through a method of introducing a metal sheet on the floor, the high-frequency gain is improved while the beam width is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication and antennas, and relates to a dielectric resonator antenna with wide frequency and wide beam. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G and future communication technologies, the demand for higher data transmission rates, wider spectrum coverage, and more stable communication connections in the field of wireless communications has gradually become prominent. In traditional communication systems, antenna design faces challenges such as insufficient utilization of spectrum resources, difficulty in multi-band coverage, and limited adaptability to complex communication environments. At the same time, mobile devices place higher requirements on the miniaturization and beam coverage of antenna systems to improve the adaptability of communication systems. In daily life, antennas are often placed in corners or against walls. In this scenario, wide-beam antennas with high gain have more advantages than omnidirectional antennas. Traditional microstrip antennas have narrow bandwidths and low gain at low elevation angles, while dielectric resonator antennas have the advantages of compact structure, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, and high design flexibility. The realization of broadband and wide-beam characteristics based on dielectric resonator antennas has very important research significance and market application potential.

[0003] At present, the methods for achieving wide beams with dielectric resonator antennas include adding parasitic structures such as metal walls, high dielectric constant substrates, etc., or using the mode fusion of dielectric resonators to form complementary antennas. However, most of these designed wide-beam dielectric resonator antennas are limited to beam broadening in a narrow frequency band or beam broadening on a single plane. It is difficult to achieve beam broadening in the E plane and the H plane, which limits the spatial beam coverage of the antenna. To achieve wide beam coverage in a wider frequency band, multiple antennas need to work together, which is difficult to meet the needs of antenna miniaturization. At present, there is little research on single antennas that can simultaneously broaden the E plane and the H plane and maintain wide beam characteristics within a wider frequency band.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention proposes an antenna design method for achieving 180-degree beam coverage on two planes simultaneously within a wide frequency band, and the antenna performance thereof has strong market competitiveness compared with the existing wide beam antenna design. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. In order to maintain the radiation characteristics of a wide beam over a wider frequency band, a wide-bandwidth dielectric resonator antenna is proposed to solve the technical problem of unstable radiation characteristics of wide-beam antennas at different frequencies in the prior art. The present invention achieves a wide impedance bandwidth by combining the modes of the slots on adjacent frequency bands and the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator. Since the radiation of the two modes is similar, the same structure can be used for beam broadening. The present invention forms a metal cavity by bending the original metal ground of the antenna, and uses the metal cavity to introduce vertical and horizontal currents to supplement the radiation of the antenna in the low elevation angle direction, thereby broadening the beam width of the E and H planes of the antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip lines. The working bandwidth of the dielectric resonator antenna, that is, the impedance bandwidth satisfies |S 11 |<-10dB, and the beam widths of the two planes are both greater than 180°, which can cover the entire 2.38GHz-3.55GHz frequency band. The stable wide-beam radiation characteristics can be maintained within the working frequency band, and the beam widths of the two surfaces of the antenna are both greater than 180 degrees within the bandwidth. The broadband wide-bandwidth dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention has broad market prospects.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A wide-bandwidth dielectric resonator antenna realizes the wide-bandwidth characteristic of the antenna by exciting and combining the fundamental mode and slot mode of the dielectric resonator antenna. The structure of the dielectric resonator antenna is, from top to bottom, a dielectric resonator 1, a dielectric substrate A2, a metal floor 3, a dielectric substrate B4, a metal microstrip line 5, and a U-shaped metal cavity 12. The dielectric resonator 1 is used as the main radiator of the antenna, and the U-shaped metal cavity 12 is placed at the bottom of the antenna as the main element for realizing the wide beam of the antenna.

[0008] Specific:

[0009] The dielectric resonator 1 is composed of an H-shaped dielectric block and two rectangular dielectric blocks mounted on both sides thereof, forming an integrated structure; the dielectric substrate A2 is also H-shaped. The dielectric resonator 1 is aligned with the H-shaped main body of the dielectric substrate A2 and bonded by the bonding layer A6.

[0010] The metal floor 3 is provided with a rectangular groove 7 as a metal floor coupling groove for coupling the energy of the metal microstrip line 5. The metal floor 3 is printed on the dielectric substrate B4, and the metal microstrip line 5 and the metal strips A8 and B9 are printed on the bottom of the dielectric substrate B4. The metal floor 3 is bonded to the dielectric substrate 2.

[0011] Two rows of metal through holes A10 and B11 are provided on both sides of the dielectric substrate B4 for connecting the metal floor 3 and the U-shaped metal cavity 12. The U-shaped metal cavity 12 is placed below the dielectric substrate B4, and the tops of the two side walls of the U-shaped metal cavity 12 are connected to the metal strips A8 and B9. Such a structure can lead the current on the metal floor 3 to the side walls of the U-shaped metal cavity 12, which serves as the supplementary radiation of the antenna to widen the beam width.

[0012] Furthermore, in order to facilitate processing and manufacturing, a rectangular groove 14 is provided at the bottom of the U-shaped metal cavity 12 .

[0013] Furthermore, the dielectric resonator 1 is bonded to the H-shaped main body of the dielectric substrate A2 using an adhesive layer A6.

[0014] Furthermore, the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna also includes a thin metal sheet A15 and a thin metal sheet B16. The two thin metal sheets with grooves are placed above the metal floor 3 and located on both sides of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna, which can widen the beam width at low frequencies and improve the gain at high frequencies.

[0015] Furthermore, the metal through holes A10 and B11 are symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate B4 , connecting the metal floor 3 and the U-shaped metal cavity 12 .

[0016] Furthermore, the upper surface of the metal floor 3 and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate A2 are bonded together using an adhesive layer B13.

[0017] The protection points of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) The dielectric resonator at the top is composed of an H-shaped dielectric block with two rectangular dielectric blocks. The H-shaped dielectric block in the center is not limited to the H-shape, and the two dielectric blocks are not limited to rectangles, and can have different sizes. (2) The U-shaped metal cavity formed by the bending of the floor at the bottom of the antenna can introduce vertical and horizontal currents for supplementary radiation. The metal cavity is not limited to the U-shape, and the rectangular groove at the bottom of the metal cavity is not limited to the rectangular shape, and can have different shapes and sizes. (3) The rectangular metal sheets with grooves on both sides are used to increase the radiation gain of the antenna. The shape of the metal sheet is not limited to rectangle, and the metal sheet and the groove can have different sizes. (4) The U-shaped metal cavity in the designed antenna is connected to the metal ground through the metal through hole on the dielectric substrate, but the method of connecting to the ground is not limited to this form. (5) The antenna design takes the 2.35-3.55GHz frequency band as an example, but is not limited to this frequency band. The design technology can be extended to any frequency band.

[0019] The working process of the present invention is as follows: the radio frequency signal is input from the starting end of the metal microstrip line 5, coupled to the dielectric resonator 1 through the rectangular slot 7 on the metal floor 3, exciting two adjacent resonant frequencies to form a wide-band working mode, and the current on the metal floor 3 is introduced into the side wall of the U-shaped metal cavity 12 through the metal through holes A10, B11 and the metal strips A8, B9, forming a vertically and horizontally distributed current, which serves as an auxiliary radiator to supplement the radiation of the broadband wide-band dielectric resonator antenna in the low elevation angle direction to form a wide-beam antenna.

[0020] The innovative points of the present invention are analyzed as follows:

[0021] (1) The present invention proposes a dielectric resonator antenna scheme with wide bandwidth and wide beam. (2) A U-shaped metal cavity is formed on the floor of the bent antenna to supplement the low elevation angle gain of the antenna, thereby achieving beam broadening in the E and H planes and forming beam coverage in half space. (3) Two thin metal sheets with grooves on the antenna metal floor 3 enhance the beam width in the low frequency band and increase the antenna gain in the high frequency band. (4) The antenna is composed of an H-shaped resonator with two rectangular resonators on both sides. The slot mode and the dielectric resonator fundamental mode are used to form wide-band coverage. At the same time, the H-shaped dielectric resonator is used to move the high-order mode to a higher frequency, thereby widening the available bandwidth of the antenna and realizing a wide bandwidth beam antenna design.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention can solve the problem that a single antenna can only widen the antenna beam width in a narrow frequency band or in a single plane. It combines two working modes with similar radiation patterns to achieve a wide frequency band, and introduces vertical and horizontal currents in the antenna to supplement the low elevation angle radiation of the two surfaces of the antenna, solving the problem that most antennas have unstable wide beam effects in a wide frequency band.

[0024] (2) The present invention broadens the bandwidth of the dielectric resonator antenna by exciting and combining the slot mode and the fundamental mode of the dielectric resonator, achieving a relative bandwidth of 42.64% in the frequency band of 2.38 GHz-3.67 GHz.

[0025] (3) The present invention forms a U-shaped metal cavity by bending the floor of the dielectric resonator antenna so that the beam width of the antenna on the E plane and the H plane is widened. Within the working frequency band, the beam width of the two planes is greater than 180 degrees. A radiation effect with stable wide beam characteristics within a wider frequency band is achieved.

[0026] (4) By introducing a metal sheet on the floor, the gain at high frequencies is improved while maintaining the beam width, so that the antenna can achieve a maximum gain of 2.4 dBi and 2.13 dBi at the top and side, respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna proposed by the present invention;

[0029] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the front and back structures of the second dielectric substrate of the present invention; FIG3(a) is the front side, and FIG3(b) is the back side;

[0030] Figure 4 is a reflection coefficient curve diagram of the present invention simulation;

[0031] Figure 5 is the gain pattern simulated by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6(a) is the radiation pattern of 2.4 GHz in the yz plane, Figure 6(b) is the radiation pattern of 2.4 GHz in the xz plane, Figure 6(c) is the radiation pattern of 3 GHz in the yz plane, Figure 6(d) is the radiation pattern of 3 GHz in the xz plane, Figure 6(e) is the radiation pattern of 3.5 GHz in the yz plane, and Figure 6(f) is the radiation pattern of 3.5 GHz in the xz plane;

[0033] In the figure: 1 dielectric resonator; 2 dielectric substrate A; 3 metal floor; 4 dielectric substrate B; 5 metal microstrip line; 6 bonding layer A; 7 rectangular groove; 8 metal strip A; 9 metal strip B; 10 metal through hole A; 11 metal through hole B; 12 U-shaped metal cavity; 13 bonding layer B; 14 U-shaped metal cavity rectangular groove; 15 thin metal sheet A; 16 thin metal sheet B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation scheme of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions of the specification.

[0035] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna is shown in FIG. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna is composed of a dielectric resonator 1, a dielectric substrate A2, a metal floor 3, a dielectric substrate B4, and a U-shaped metal cavity 12 from top to bottom. In addition, thin metal sheets A15 and B16 with grooves are placed on both sides of the dielectric resonator 1 above the dielectric substrate B4.

[0036] Figure 2 Structural cross-section of a broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna:

[0037] The dielectric resonator 1 is made of ceramic material (ε r=10, tanδ=0.001), composed of two rectangular dielectric blocks mounted on the lower sides of an H-shaped dielectric resonator, including an H-shaped dielectric block and two rectangular dielectric blocks mounted on the lower sides. The H-shaped structure is formed by removing two rectangular blocks with a length of 12.5mm, a width of 13mm, and a thickness of 8.1mm from a rectangular dielectric block with a length of 48mm, a width of 34.4mm, and a thickness of 8.1mm. The rectangular dielectric blocks mounted on the lower sides are 48mm long, 17.9mm wide, and 7.2mm thick. The rectangular dielectric blocks on both sides are aligned with the length of the H-shaped dielectric block and are placed on both sides of the H-shaped dielectric block at a height of 1.9mm.

[0038] The dielectric substrate A2 is connected to the dielectric resonator 1 through an adhesive layer A6. The H-shaped dielectric substrate A2 is made of Rogers Ro3003 material (ε r =3, tanδ=0.0013), the dielectric substrate A2 has a thickness of 2.5 mm, a length of 48 mm, and a width of 33.2 mm, and the two grooves on both sides have a length of 12.5 mm and a width of 13 mm.

[0039] The metal floor 3 is printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate B4, and the metal microstrip line 5 and the metal strips A8 and B9 are printed below the dielectric substrate B4; the metal floor 3 is connected to the dielectric substrate A2 through an adhesive layer B13, and the dielectric substrate B4 is made of Rogers Ro3003 material (ε r =3, tanδ=0.0013), the dielectric substrate B4 has a thickness of 2.5 mm, a length of 71.7 mm, and a width of 33.2 mm.

[0040] The U-shaped metal cavity 12 is located at the bottom layer of the antenna, with a height of 13 mm, a length of 71.7 mm, and a width of 29.8 mm. The material of the metal cavity is copper with a thickness of 1.5 mm. A rectangular groove 14 with a length of 59.7 mm and a width of 19.8 mm is opened in the middle of the lower plate of the metal cavity. The metal through holes A10 and B11 are symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate B4, and each row of 143 metal through holes is used to connect the metal floor 3 and the U-shaped metal cavity 12.

[0041] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the front and back structures of the second dielectric substrate in the present invention: FIG3(a) is a top view of the dielectric substrate B4, the upper layer of the dielectric substrate B4 is covered with copper as the metal ground 3, and a rectangular groove of 31.2 mm in length and 2.6 mm in width is opened in the center of the metal ground 3. Two rows of metal through holes A10 and B11 are arranged on both sides, and each side has 143 metal through holes with a radius of 0.15 mm, and the metal through holes and the metal through holes and the edge of the substrate are spaced 0.2 mm apart. FIG3(b) is a bottom view of the dielectric substrate B4. The bottom has a metal microstrip line 5 and a metal strip A8 and a metal strip B9, respectively.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a reflection coefficient diagram of the simulation of the wide-bandwidth beam dielectric resonator antenna. It can be seen from the figure that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 2.38GHz-3.67GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 42.64%.

[0043] Figure 5 This is the gain diagram of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum gain that the antenna can achieve within the working bandwidth is 2.4dBi, and the gain within the impedance bandwidth is greater than 1.23dBi.

[0044] Figure 6 shows the normalized radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane of the broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna at 2.4 GHz, 3 GHz and 3.5 GHz. As can be seen from Figure 6, the beam widths of the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the antenna at the three frequency points can reach more than 180°.

[0045] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that: The broadband characteristics of a broadband wide-band dielectric resonator antenna are achieved by exciting and combining the fundamental mode and the slot mode of the dielectric resonator antenna. The structure of the dielectric resonator antenna is, from top to bottom, a dielectric resonator (1), a dielectric substrate A (2), a metal floor (3), a dielectric substrate B (4), a metal microstrip line (5), and a U-shaped metal cavity (12); the dielectric resonator (1) serves as the main radiator of the antenna; the U-shaped metal cavity (12) is placed at the bottom of the antenna as the main element for realizing a wide beam of the antenna and is used to introduce vertical current and horizontal current for supplementary radiation; the metal floor (3) and the U-shaped metal cavity (12) are connected.

2. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna is specifically: The dielectric resonator (1) is composed of an H-shaped dielectric block and two rectangular dielectric blocks mounted below its two sides; the dielectric substrate A (2) is also H-shaped; the dielectric resonator (1) and the H-shaped main body of the dielectric substrate A (2) are aligned and placed; The metal floor (3) is provided with a rectangular groove (7) as a metal floor coupling groove for coupling the energy of the metal microstrip line (5); the metal floor (3) is printed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate B (4); the metal microstrip line (5) and the metal strips A (8) and B (9) are printed on the lower side of the dielectric substrate B (4); the metal floor (3) and the dielectric substrate A (2) are bonded together; Two rows of metal through holes A (10) and B (11) are provided on both sides of the dielectric substrate B (4) for connecting the metal floor (3) and the U-shaped metal cavity (12); the U-shaped metal cavity (12) is placed below the dielectric substrate B (4), and the tops of the two side walls of the U-shaped metal cavity (12) are connected to the metal strips A (8) and B (9).

3. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: A rectangular groove (14) is arranged at the bottom of the U-shaped metal cavity (12).

4. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna also includes a thin metal sheet A (15) and a thin metal sheet B (16). The two thin metal sheets with grooves are placed above the metal floor (3) and located on both sides of the broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna, which can widen the beam width at low frequencies and improve the gain at high frequencies.

5. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal through holes A (10) and B (11) are symmetrical about the center of the dielectric substrate B (4) and connect the metal floor (3) and the U-shaped metal cavity (12).

6. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the metal floor (3) and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate A (2) are bonded together using an adhesive layer B (13); the dielectric resonator (1) and the dielectric substrate A (2) are bonded together using an adhesive layer A (6).

7. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The H-shaped dielectric block at the center of the dielectric resonator (1) is not limited to the H-shape, and the two dielectric blocks carried are not limited to the rectangular shape, but may have different sizes.

8. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The U-shaped metal cavity (12) formed by bending the floor at the bottom of the broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna is not limited to a U-shaped shape, and the rectangular groove (14) at the bottom of the U-shaped metal cavity (12) is not limited to a rectangular shape.

9. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shapes of the rectangular metal sheets A (15) and B (16) with grooves on both sides of the broadband wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna are not limited to rectangles, and the metal sheets and the grooves can have different sizes.

10. The broadband wideband beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impedance bandwidth of the broadband broadband beam dielectric resonator antenna satisfies |S 11 |<-10dB, and the beam widths of the two planes are both greater than 180°, which can cover the entire 2.38GHz-3.55GHz frequency band and can be expanded to any frequency band by changing the structure.

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