Self-protection UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

Abstract

The invention provides a self-protection UPS power supply, and relates to the technical field of UPS power supplies, the self-protection UPS power supply comprises a main control module, a battery module, an inverter module, a power supply input interface and an output interface, the main control module is electrically connected with the battery module, the inverter module, the power supply input interface and the output interface, through the built-in artificial intelligence driving electric energy management system, the UPS power supply can learn the power utilization habit of a user and predict the future load demand, the discharging strategy and the charging scheme are dynamically adjusted, and the battery utilization rate and the charging efficiency are maximized. Besides, when an integrated MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller is connected to a solar panel, the energy conversion efficiency of solar energy can be accurately tracked and optimized, renewable energy sources are fully utilized, the energy self-sufficient capacity and the endurance time are remarkably improved, and the system is particularly suitable for outdoor environments or environments with unstable electric power conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of UPS power supplies, in particular to a self-protection UPS power supply. Background Art

[0002] According to the protection and monitoring system for automatic switching of multiple power supplies disclosed in the Chinese patent publication number "CN113922481A", there are two external power supplies, namely, a normal power supply and a backup power supply. An actuator motor is connected between the normal power supply and the backup power supply, and a controller is connected to and controls the switching action of the actuator motor; the common output circuit of the two external power supplies is connected to the first UPS and the electrical appliance in sequence through the main circuit, and the first UPS can be connected to the switch power supply and the gateway in sequence through the branch circuit. A multi-function meter is provided on the common output circuit, and the output end of the multi-function meter is connected to the communication module A, the gateway, the communication module B, and the controller in sequence. The gateway can send wireless signals, and the actuator motor can realize the switching action through the control of the controller.

[0003] According to a UPS power charging system with adjustable charging current disclosed in Chinese patent publication number "CN110784009B", the system comprises a UPS power module, a bracket 1 is installed in the middle position inside the UPS power module, a main control board is installed on the upper part of the bracket 1, a charging device is installed on the upper part of the main control board, the charging device comprises a main control unit, a drive isolation unit, a sub-control unit, a mains wiring terminal, a first filter unit, a MOS tube bridge unit, a second filter unit, a starting unit, a rectifier filter unit and a current adjustment unit, the isolation end of the main control unit is electrically connected to the isolation end of the sub-control unit through the drive isolation unit, the input end of the mains wiring terminal is electrically connected to the AC220V mains, and the output end of the mains wiring terminal is electrically connected to the battery after passing through the charging switch unit, the first filter unit, the MOS tube bridge unit, the second filter unit, the starting unit, the bias power supply unit, the rectifier filter unit and the current adjustment unit in sequence.

[0004] According to Chinese patent publication number "CN117175772B", a UPS emergency power supply is disclosed, including a shell, in which a power supply body is fixedly installed, and a calling component and an unfolding component are arranged on the shell, and the calling component includes multiple groups of conductive components, and the calling component can control the position of the plug-in boards in the multiple conductive components, so as to call the required sockets according to demand to avoid long-term exposure to the outside, and the unused sockets are disconnected from the power supply body, and the position of the bar handle can be automatically adjusted by controlling the position of the bar handle, so as to reduce the space occupied by the bar handle when the wireless charging plate is not used or the emergency power supply is not moved, and the charging device can be protected when the wireless charging plate is used, and the unfolding component can quickly realize the unfolding of the calling turn plate and the louver turn plate, so as to facilitate the maintenance and repair of the emergency power supply.

[0005] The above patent documents and prior art have the following technical problems when used:

[0006] Problem 1: Traditional UPS and mobile power supplies often face problems of insufficient battery life and low energy efficiency during long-term use;

[0007] Problem two: Traditional UPS equipment mainly relies on AC power input and lacks diversified energy acquisition methods, which limits its application outdoors or in environments with unstable power conditions. Summary of the invention

[0008] Technical issues solved

[0009] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a self-protection UPS power supply.

[0010] Technical Solution

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a self-protection UPS power supply, the UPS power supply includes a main control module, a battery module, an inverter module, a power input interface and an output interface, the main control module is electrically connected to the battery module, the inverter module, the power input interface and the output interface respectively, the UPS power supply also includes a lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells;

[0012] The main control module has a built-in artificial intelligence-driven power management system for real-time monitoring of the remaining battery power, load demand and environmental parameters, and for powering a variety of mobile terminals by dynamically adjusting the discharge strategy and intelligent charging solution;

[0013] The UPS power supply also includes an input interface module for connecting a portable solar panel to efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology.

[0014] Preferably, the battery module supports hot-swap operation, allowing the user to directly replace battery cells that are exhausted or have degraded performance when the UPS is outputting power normally, without interrupting the power supply, thereby achieving continuous long-term power supply.

[0015] Preferably, the power management system has a built-in algorithm for learning users' power usage habits and predicting load demand, and adjusts the discharge curve dynamically through historical data analysis and real-time.

[0016] Preferably, the UPS power supply also includes a supercapacitor module. When the load has an instantaneous high power demand, the supercapacitor instantly supplies high current output to reduce the high-load discharge pressure of the battery unit, thereby extending the battery life and improving the overall power supply stability.

[0017] Preferably, the main control module accurately tracks the maximum power point of the solar module through the MPPT controller when connected to the solar panel, effectively improving the energy conversion efficiency of the solar energy input and enhancing the energy self-sufficiency and endurance of the UPS in outdoor environments.

[0018] Preferably, the UPS power supply has multiple protection circuits, including overvoltage, undervoltage, overload, short circuit, overtemperature and battery over-discharge protection. When an abnormal condition is detected, the system automatically executes protection measures and sends out corresponding alarm signals to ensure the safety of the battery module and load equipment.

[0019] Preferably, the UPS power supply also includes a visual human-computer interaction interface, and the user can view the remaining power, estimated battery life, solar power generation power and fault information in real time through the display screen of the visual human-computer interaction interface and the mobile terminal application, and can remotely adjust the discharge strategy and operation mode.

[0020] Preferably, the UPS power supply has a built-in inverter and rectifier circuit, and the inverter and rectifier circuit use wide bandgap semiconductor devices (including GaN and SiC devices) to improve power conversion efficiency, reduce energy loss, and achieve higher output efficiency and longer battery life performance.

[0021] Preferably, the power management system analyzes the historical working data, charge and discharge curves and internal impedance changes of the battery cells to identify battery aging and potential failure trends in advance, and issues pre-maintenance suggestions to users or automatically adjusts module activation strategies to maintain the continuous efficiency and stability of the system during long-term use.

[0022] Preferably, the UPS power supply supports multiple energy inputs simultaneously, including solar panels or vehicle-mounted DC power supplies, and realizes intelligent aggregation and distribution of power from multiple sources under the control of the power management system;

[0023] When insufficient solar energy is detected or the performance of a battery module is degraded, the system automatically switches to form a dynamic redundancy and collaborative power supply strategy.

[0024] Beneficial Effects

[0025] The present invention provides a self-protection UPS power supply. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention uses a built-in artificial intelligence-driven power management system, so that the UPS power supply can learn the user's power usage habits and predict future load requirements, dynamically adjust the discharge strategy and charging plan, and maximize battery utilization and charging efficiency. In addition, when the integrated MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller is connected to the solar panel, it can accurately track and optimize the energy conversion efficiency of solar energy, make full use of renewable energy, and significantly improve energy self-sufficiency and battery life, which is particularly suitable for outdoor or unstable power conditions.

[0027] 2. The present invention can automatically execute protective measures and send corresponding alarm signals when abnormal conditions are detected to ensure the safe operation of battery modules and load equipment. The visual human-computer interaction interface allows users to view the remaining power, expected battery life, solar power generation and fault information in real time through the display screen and mobile terminal application, and can remotely adjust the discharge strategy and operation mode, greatly improving the user's operation convenience and system manageability.

[0028] 3. The present invention adopts a supercapacitor module to quickly provide high current output when the load increases instantaneously, thereby reducing the discharge pressure of the battery, extending the battery life, and improving the stability and reliability of the overall power supply system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is the operation logic diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a circuit structure diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a circuit module diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific embodiment one:

[0035] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a self-protection UPS power supply includes a main control module, a battery module, an inverter module, a power input interface and an output interface. The main control module is electrically connected to the battery module, the inverter module, the power input interface and the output interface respectively. The UPS power supply also includes a lithium battery pack, which is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells.

[0036] The main control module has a built-in AI-driven power management system that monitors the remaining battery power, load demand and environmental parameters in real time, and provides power to a variety of mobile terminals by dynamically adjusting discharge strategies and intelligent charging solutions.

[0037] The UPS power supply also includes an input interface module for connecting a portable solar panel to efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy through maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology.

[0038] The battery module supports hot-swappable operation, allowing users to directly replace exhausted or degraded battery units while the UPS is outputting power normally, without interrupting the power supply, thus achieving continuous long-term power supply.

[0039] The power management system has a built-in algorithm to learn users’ power usage habits and predict load demand, and adjusts the discharge curve dynamically through historical data analysis and real-time.

[0040] The UPS power supply also includes a supercapacitor module. When the load has an instantaneous high power demand, the supercapacitor instantly supplies high current output, reducing the high-load discharge pressure of the battery unit, thereby extending the battery life and improving the overall power supply stability.

[0041] When connected to the solar panel, the main control module accurately tracks the maximum power point of the solar module through the MPPT controller, effectively improving the energy conversion efficiency of solar energy input and enhancing the energy self-sufficiency and endurance of the UPS in outdoor environments.

[0042] The UPS power supply is equipped with multiple protection circuits, including overvoltage, undervoltage, overload, short circuit, overtemperature and battery over-discharge protection. When an abnormal condition is detected, the system automatically executes protection measures and sends out corresponding alarm signals to ensure the safety of the battery module and load equipment.

[0043] The UPS power supply also includes a visual human-computer interaction interface. Users can view the remaining power, estimated battery life, solar power generation power and fault information in real time through the display screen of the visual human-computer interaction interface and mobile terminal application, and can remotely adjust the discharge strategy and operation mode.

[0044] The UPS power supply has a built-in inverter and rectifier circuit. The inverter and rectifier circuit use wide bandgap semiconductor devices (including GaN and SiC devices) to improve power conversion efficiency, reduce energy loss, and achieve higher output efficiency and longer battery life.

[0045] The power management system analyzes the historical working data, charge and discharge curves, and internal impedance changes of the battery cells to identify battery aging and potential failure trends in advance, and issues pre-maintenance recommendations to users or automatically adjusts module activation strategies to maintain the system's continued efficiency and stability over long periods of use.

[0046] UPS power supply supports multiple energy inputs at the same time, including solar panels or vehicle-mounted DC power supply, and realizes intelligent aggregation and distribution of multiple sources of power under the control of the power management system;

[0047] When insufficient solar energy is detected or the performance of a battery module is degraded, the system automatically switches to form a dynamic redundancy and collaborative power supply strategy.

[0048] The main control module is the core of the system, which is composed of a high-performance microcontroller (MCU) or system on chip (SoC), equipped with a high-speed ADC (analog-to-digital converter), a high-precision timer, a PWM (pulse width modulation) generator and a variety of communication interfaces (I2C, SPI, UART, CAN, Ethernet, etc.). The battery module is composed of a standardized module composed of multiple lithium battery cells. Each module has an independent identification and management chip, which is inserted into the UPS through a unified standard interface to achieve hot-swap operation. The inverter module uses wide bandgap semiconductor devices (including GaN or SiC) to build efficient energy conversion circuits, including DC / DC and DC / AC converters, to reduce energy loss and improve conversion efficiency. The supercapacitor module is centered on a high-power density supercapacitor. When the instantaneous load demand exceeds the safe discharge limit set by the battery, the supercapacitor can quickly release energy within milliseconds to meet instantaneous high power requirements, reduce battery cell stress and extend battery life. The multiple protection circuits consist of overvoltage, undervoltage, overload, short circuit, overtemperature and battery over-discharge protection modules. The hardware-level fast sensor cooperates with the MCU firmware. Once the parameters exceed the limit, it will immediately cut off and alarm. The input interface module includes AC input, vehicle DC input and solar panel input. The solar input end uses the MPPT controller to realize real-time tracking and adjustment of the solar power point. The output interface includes standard AC output and multiple DC ports to meet the power requirements of different types of terminal devices. The MCU cyclically collects the voltage, current, temperature parameters of each battery module, as well as the output load current, voltage, solar input power, supercapacitor status and other information at a fixed period (1 ms to 10 ms). The MCU maintains stable output by controlling the inverter, adjustable power module and supercapacitor discharge channel according to the collected data, and performs protection actions and mode switching when necessary. The hot-swappable battery module management is based on the MCU's monitoring of module identification signals and plug-in event interrupts. When a new module is inserted, the system energy storage information is automatically updated, and when it is unplugged, other modules are ensured to smoothly take over the load power supply.

[0049] In terms of software and algorithm logic, AI-driven power management system is the key, which includes battery state estimation, load demand prediction, charge and discharge optimization strategy, MPPT control, supercapacitor coordinated discharge and predictive maintenance algorithm, battery state estimation and SOC / SOH calculation: using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method to estimate the state of charge (SOC) and health state (SOH) of battery cells. represents the state vector, where For the The state of charge at the moment, is the internal impedance. The measurement vector can be defined as:

[0050] ;

[0051] The state equation and measurement equation can be expressed as:

[0052]

[0053] For input (such as charge and discharge current instructions), is Gaussian noise, is a nonlinear function. EKF iterates through linearization, prediction and update steps to obtain the estimated SOC and internal impedance. The estimation of SOH is based on the capacity decay and internal impedance growth trend. If the initial nominal capacity is After one charge and discharge cycle, the capacity is , SOH is defined as:

[0054] ;

[0055] Load demand prediction and power usage habit learning: To achieve a better discharge strategy, the system trains time series models, such as long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, through historical load data to predict future load power demand. Assume that the load power at the past N moments is: LSTM captures the timing features through the internal gating mechanism and outputs the future m-step prediction value as:

[0056] ;

[0057]

[0058] The final output layer is based on Map out the predicted load power,

[0059] The output of the forget gate determines how much of the memory cell state at the previous moment needs to be forgotten. Its value is between 0 and 1, where 0 represents complete forgetfulness and 1 represents complete retention. Sigmoid activation function ensures that the output value is between 0 and 1, indicating the proportion of forgetting. : Weight matrix, which represents the influence of input and previous hidden state on forget gate. The weight matrix is ​​learned through training. : The hidden state of the previous moment (i.e. the output information of the previous moment), The input data at the current moment is the historical data of the load power or external influencing factors in this application). Bias term, adjusts the output offset. The output of the input gate indicates how much of the input information at the current moment will be written into the memory unit (i.e., the degree of impact on the load demand at the current moment). Weight matrix for the input gate. Bias term for the input gate. The new candidate memory unit represents the potential memory content after activation of the current input (load demand). The weight matrix connects the input data with the hidden state and controls the generation of memory cells. Tanh: Hyperbolic tangent activation function, which limits its output between -1 and 1 to adjust the value range of memory cells. The memory cell state at the current moment represents the historical information retained by the LSTM network at the current moment. : The part controlled by the forget gate determines the memory unit of the previous moment ( How much to forget in the present moment. : The part controlled by the input gate determines the new information at the current moment How much goes into the memory unit. The output of the output gate determines how much information is released from the memory cell. The weight matrix of the output gate controls the influence of the hidden state at the previous moment and the input at the current moment on the output. Bias term for the output gate. The hidden state at the current moment is used as the output of LSTM for calculation at the next moment and prediction at the current moment. At each time step of LSTM, the hidden state at the current moment Contains information about historical load demand. Through these historical data, LSTM can capture the time series characteristics of load changes and predict future load demand. The goal of load demand prediction is to generate load power forecasts for the next period of time. .

[0060] Use LSTM model to perform multi-step forecast of load demand, the goal is to predict the load demand based on the historical load power sequence. ) to predict future load power demand. Based on the output of LSTM , we convert it into the predicted load power through a fully connected layer (linear layer)

[0061]

[0062] : Predicted load power at time Forecasted load demand. The weight matrix obtained through training is used to transform the hidden state Mapped to the prediction value space, Bias term for predicting output. LSTM, through its unique structure, can capture the long-term dependency of load demand in multi-step prediction. For example, in a battery management system, the accuracy of load demand prediction directly affects the battery charging and discharging strategy and the system energy scheduling strategy. Long-term dependency: LSTM is able to retain long-term dependency information of load demand. For example, the load may be lower at night, while the load demand will be higher during the day. LSTM learns these periodic changes through historical data and effectively predicts short-term changes: LSTM is also able to learn short-term load change trends (such as changes in user behavior, device turning on or off), and reflect these sudden changes by updating memory cells in a timely manner.

[0063] Discharge strategy and charging optimization: The system schedules discharge and charging in the form of optimization problems. is the battery output power, is the solar input power, To predict load demand. The goal is to extend battery life and reduce battery aging while ensuring load power supply. A multi-objective optimization problem can be defined:

[0064] ;

[0065] is the predicted sustainable operating time, is the battery aging rate (determined by the internal impedance growth and capacity loss model), To meet the adaptability of instantaneous load changes. Constraints include:

[0066]

[0067] The optimization is iterated through a linear or nonlinear programming solver, and the decision variables are updated according to real-time data in each control cycle.

[0068] MPPT control: When connected to a solar panel, by measuring the solar voltage With current , and continuously adjust the duty cycle 𝐷 to reach the maximum power point. The perturbation and observation method is: ; Then continue to perturb D in the same direction, otherwise perturb in the opposite direction. Continuous iteration can make the solar energy output power close to the maximum value.

[0069] Supercapacitor coordinated discharge: when instantaneous load power demand is detected The surge exceeds the battery's safe discharge limit When the MCU issues a command quickly, the supercapacitor releases current to meet the Supercapacitors achieve millisecond response through high-speed MOSFET switching, reducing the instantaneous stress of battery cells.

[0070] Predictive maintenance and early fault identification: The power management system records the internal impedance changes, charge and discharge rates, and capacity decay curves of each battery cell. If the initial internal impedance is And it increases over time, then The capacity fade can be described as (capacity threshold) or When the system determines that the battery is aging or has a potential fault, it will notify the user through the human-machine interface to replace the battery module, or automatically reduce the weight of the module in power supply to achieve continuous and efficient operation.

[0071] Multi-energy convergence and redundancy strategy: When solar energy is insufficient or the battery module performance degrades, the system automatically switches to other available energy sources (such as vehicle-mounted DC input) based on the optimization solution results and dynamically allocates power flow. , and solve the optimal solution under the current SOC constraints To ensure continuous power supply. This process is consistent with discharge optimization and belongs to the category of solving multi-constraint optimization problems. Specific embodiment 2:

[0073] like Figure 1-4 As shown, in shutdown state, the external 12V input power automatically turns on the machine, and the button function cannot shut down the machine; when there is no external 12V input, the button turns the machine on and off.

[0074] The external DC12V power supply starts the UPS uninterruptible power supply. One path is controlled by the LDO chip to output power to the microcontroller, so that the microcontroller outputs the EN power-on signal; one path is sent to the battery charging circuit through the MOS; the other path is sent to the DC-DC circuit through the Schottky diode, and the DC12V is output to power the equipment.

[0075] The single chip microcomputer detects that the external input voltage is greater than 11.1V, outputs the DC_EN signal, and the charging chip charges the battery with constant voltage and constant current.

[0076] It is powered by ternary lithium battery and has a built-in high-efficiency chip battery protection board. When the over-discharge voltage of a single battery is equal to 2.75V, the chip monitor sends a signal to drive the over-discharge MOS to cut off and start the over-discharge protection; when the discharge voltage returns to 3.0V, the chip sends a signal to turn on the over-discharge MOS to release the over-discharge. When the battery over-charge voltage is higher than 4.3V, the chip monitor sends a signal to drive the over-charge MOS to cut off and start the over-charge protection; when the charge voltage is lower than 4.1V, the chip sends a signal to turn on the over-charge MOS to release the over-charge.

[0077] When there is no external input, it is powered by batteries. The EN signal controls the operation of the two internal DC-DC circuits, outputting DC12V and DC9V.

[0078] When the external power supply is suddenly interrupted, the single-chip microcomputer monitors and sends a control signal to automatically switch to battery power supply. At the same time, the 9V and 12V DC-DC circuits output DC9V and DC12V to power the equipment, ensuring uninterrupted normal operation of the equipment.

[0079] Built-in output over-current and short-circuit protection circuit. When the output load reaches the over-current value or short-circuit, the microcontroller detects the over-current signal, turns off the EN1 signal output, and then turns on the EN1 signal after an interval of 4S, and then detects the load value again. This process is repeated until the device works normally.

[0080] The battery power is intelligently detected during charging and discharging. When the power reaches a certain working point, the microcontroller detects the corresponding output signal to control the lighting of the corresponding indicator light to prompt the current battery power and the working status of the UPS power supply; during discharging, when the power is insufficient, it will flash to prompt, and when the battery voltage is lower than 9V, it will automatically shut down to avoid over-discharge of the battery.

[0081] This self-protection UPS power system is designed to provide stable, reliable and intelligent power supply, especially suitable for the long-term battery life requirements of mobile digital devices (such as mobile phones, iPads, etc.). The system integrates multiple hardware modules and intelligent control algorithms to achieve comprehensive management of power input, charging and discharging process, overcurrent protection and user interaction, ensuring the continuous normal operation of the device under different power conditions.

[0082] The core of the system consists of the main control module (MCU), battery module, inverter module, power input interface and output interface. The external 12V power supply is connected to the LDO voltage regulator chip through a Schottky diode to prevent reverse current, and stably step down the 12V to the low voltage required by the MCU (such as 5V) to power the MCU and other low-voltage circuits. The main control module is equipped with an artificial intelligence-driven power management system that can monitor the remaining battery power, load demand and environmental parameters in real time, and dynamically adjust the discharge strategy and intelligent charging solution to achieve ultra-long battery life for a variety of mobile terminal devices. When the external 12V power supply is connected and the voltage is greater than 11.1V, the MCU will output the EN signal to start the charging circuit, charge the battery with constant voltage and constant current, monitor the battery voltage at the same time, and control the MOSFET switch through the built-in battery protection board to ensure that the battery is charged and discharged within a safe voltage range.

[0083] The battery module consists of three strings of lithium battery cells and is equipped with an efficient chip battery protection board to monitor the voltage of each battery cell in real time. When the over-discharge voltage of any battery cell reaches 2.75V, the protection chip drives the over-discharge MOSFET to cut off, cutting off the discharge path to prevent the battery from over-discharging; when the battery voltage returns to 3.0V, the protection chip re-conducts the MOSFET to resume discharging. Similarly, when the over-charge voltage of the battery cell exceeds 4.3V, the protection chip drives the over-charge MOSFET to cut off and stop charging; when the charging voltage is lower than 4.1V, the protection chip re-conducts the MOSFET to resume charging.

[0084] When there is no external 12V power supply input, the system automatically switches to the battery power supply mode. The single-chip microcomputer controls two internal DC-DC converters through the EN signal to output DC12V and DC9V respectively, ensuring continuous power supply for the device. During this process, a supercapacitor module is introduced to cope with instantaneous high-power demands. Specifically, when the load suddenly increases, causing the power demand to exceed the safe discharge capacity of the battery, the supercapacitor can instantaneously release a high current, relieve the discharge pressure of the battery, ensure the stability of the output voltage, and extend the battery life.

[0085] The system is also equipped with an over-current protection circuit to monitor the output load current in real time. When an over-current or short-circuit situation is detected, the single-chip microcomputer will immediately turn off the EN1 signal and disconnect the output MOSFET to protect the device and the circuit from damage. Subsequently, the system will attempt to reconnect the output after a 4-second interval and detect the load current again. If the over-current situation still exists, the system will continue to disconnect the output until the load returns to normal.

[0086] In terms of power detection and management, the single-chip microcomputer calculates the SOC (state of charge) by monitoring the battery voltage and current:

[0087] According to the SOC value, the single-chip microcomputer controls the indicator light to display the current power status: when SOC > 70%, the green LED is constantly on; when 40% < SOC ≤ 70%, the yellow LED flashes slowly; when 10% < SOC ≤ 40%, the orange LED flashes quickly; when SOC ≤ 10%, the red LED flashes quickly and automatically shuts down to prevent the battery from over-discharging.

[0088] In addition, the system also integrates an AI-driven load prediction and energy management algorithm. Using historical data and real-time monitoring, it predicts future load demands and dynamically adjusts the charge and discharge strategies and solar input optimization. The specific algorithm steps include: first, estimating the SOC and SOH (state of health) through the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method. The EKF achieves accurate estimation of the SOC and SOH through linearization and iterative updates.

[0089] Secondly, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model is used to predict load demand. The load power data of the past N moments is input and the predicted value of the next m moments is output. This prediction result helps the system optimize the discharge strategy and charging timing to ensure efficient energy utilization under different load conditions. The discharge strategy optimization is implemented in the form of a multi-objective optimization problem, with the goals of maximizing battery life, minimizing battery aging rate, and meeting instantaneous high power demand.

[0090] Through linear or nonlinear programming solvers, the system updates decision variables according to real-time data in each control cycle to achieve optimal energy distribution.

[0091] In terms of MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control, when the solar panel is connected, the system adjusts the PWM duty cycle D to achieve maximum power output by measuring the voltage Vpv and current Ipv of the solar panel.

[0092] When the instantaneous power demand of the load exceeds the safe discharge limit of the battery, the MCU instructs the supercapacitor module to release additional current:

[0093] Through high-speed MOSFET switching, the supercapacitor responds within milliseconds, ensuring stable output voltage and reducing instantaneous stress on the battery cell.

[0094] The predictive maintenance function analyzes the internal impedance and capacity attenuation of battery cells. The system determines battery aging or potential failures, and issues pre-maintenance suggestions to users or automatically adjusts module activation strategies to ensure the continued efficiency and stability of the system over long periods of use.

[0095] In terms of multi-energy input and intelligent convergence, the system supports the simultaneous access of solar panels and vehicle-mounted DC power supplies, and realizes intelligent convergence and distribution of power from multiple sources through unified control of the AI ​​system. When solar energy is insufficient or the performance of a battery module declines, the system automatically switches to other available energy sources, forming a dynamic redundancy and collaborative power supply strategy to ensure long-term stable and continuous power supply in complex environments.

[0096] The operation of the entire system depends on efficient hardware coordination and intelligent software algorithms. The main control module (single-chip microcomputer) ensures intelligent and efficient power management through high-speed sampling and real-time data processing, combined with AI-driven prediction and optimization algorithms. The inverter module uses wide-bandgap semiconductor devices (such as GaN and SiC) to improve power conversion efficiency, reduce energy loss, and extend battery life. Multiple protection mechanisms are executed simultaneously at the hardware and software levels to ensure the safety and reliability of the system under abnormal conditions. The indicator display module uses intuitive LED indicators to provide users with real-time feedback on battery power and system status, improving user experience and operational convenience.

[0097] In summary, this self-protection UPS power supply system achieves efficient and stable power supply for mobile digital devices by comprehensively using advanced battery management technology, intelligent energy management algorithms, multiple protection mechanisms and multi-energy input strategies, meeting their ultra-long battery life requirements while ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0098] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "comprising a reference structure" do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0099] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-protection UPS power supply, characterized in that: The UPS power supply includes a main control module, a battery module, an inverter module, a power input interface and an output interface, wherein the main control module is electrically connected to the battery module, the inverter module, the power input interface and the output interface respectively, and the UPS power supply also includes a lithium battery pack, which is composed of a plurality of lithium battery cells; The main control module has a built-in artificial intelligence-driven power management system for real-time monitoring of the remaining battery power, load demand and environmental parameters, and for powering a variety of mobile terminals by dynamically adjusting the discharge strategy and intelligent charging solution; The UPS power supply also includes an input interface module for connecting a portable solar panel to efficiently convert solar energy into electrical energy through maximum power point tracking technology.

2. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module supports hot-swap operation, allowing the user to directly replace the battery unit that is exhausted or has degraded performance when the UPS is outputting power normally, without interrupting the power supply, thereby achieving continuous long-term power supply.

3. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management system has a built-in algorithm for learning users' power usage habits and predicting load demand, and dynamically adjusts the discharge curve through historical data analysis and real-time.

4. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UPS power supply also includes a super capacitor module. When the load has an instantaneous high power demand, the super capacitor instantly supplies high current output.

5. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module accurately tracks the maximum power point of the solar module through the MPPT controller when connected to the solar panel.

6. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UPS power supply is equipped with multiple protection circuits, including overvoltage, undervoltage, overload, short circuit, overtemperature and battery over-discharge protection. When an abnormal condition is detected, the system automatically executes protection measures and sends out corresponding alarm signals.

7. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UPS power supply also includes a visual human-computer interaction interface, through which the user can view the remaining power, estimated battery life, solar power generation power and fault information in real time through the display screen of the visual human-computer interaction interface and the mobile terminal application.

8. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UPS power supply has a built-in inverter and a rectifier circuit, and the inverter and the rectifier circuit use wide bandgap semiconductor devices.

9. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management system analyzes the historical working data, charge and discharge curves and internal impedance changes of the battery unit to identify battery aging and potential failure trends in advance, and issues pre-maintenance suggestions to users or automatically adjusts module activation strategies.

10. A self-protection UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UPS power supply supports multiple energy inputs at the same time, including solar panels or vehicle-mounted DC power supplies, and realizes intelligent aggregation and distribution of power from multiple sources under the control of the power management system; When insufficient solar energy is detected or the performance of a battery module is degraded, the system automatically switches to form a dynamic redundancy and collaborative power supply strategy.

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