An in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device
By combining lunar soil thermal storage with a solar energy collection and transmission module, thermal energy storage during the lunar day and stable release during the lunar night are achieved, solving the energy supply problem in the lunar dark environment and improving the economy and adaptability of the energy system for the exploration mission.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DEEP SPACE EXPLORATION LABORATORY
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing energy supply solutions are insufficient to meet the requirements of long-term, high-reliability exploration in the dark environments of the lunar night and polar regions. Lithium-ion batteries have limited energy density, and isotope heat source systems are complex and costly, making them difficult to apply on a large scale.
The system uses lunar soil thermal storage material to store thermal energy through high-temperature melting and molding. Combined with heat spreaders, heat expansion components, and controllable heat release components, it utilizes solar energy and electrical energy for auxiliary heating to achieve thermal energy storage and controllable release. The thermal energy is then utilized in stages through a thermoelectric conversion module.
It has broken through the energy supply bottleneck in the lunar environment without sunlight, realized the transfer of energy across time and space, improved the economic efficiency and engineering feasibility of the energy system for exploration missions, and adapted to the energy needs of different scales and scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN122083751A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of lunar surface thermal energy storage technology, specifically to an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device. Background Technology
[0002] As deep space exploration activities deepen, lunar exploration has become an important development direction in the aerospace field. However, the Moon faces harsh environmental challenges during its lunar night and in the permanently shadowed polar regions, characterized by a lack of sunlight and scarce energy. The survival and operation of scientific and exploration payloads face a severe energy supply bottleneck. To maintain the normal operating temperature of internal electronic equipment and ensure the continuity of exploration missions, the probe must possess reliable energy supply and thermal management capabilities. However, existing energy supply solutions have significant limitations in dealing with such long-duration, lightless scenarios.
[0003] While conventional energy storage technologies (such as lithium-ion battery packs) are mature and responsive, their core drawback lies in their limited energy density. During long periods without sunlight, relying solely on battery energy storage requires not only enormous battery capacity but also significant material costs, severely impacting payload space and making it difficult to meet the demands of long-duration, high-reliability exploration. Secondly, while isotope heat sources and batteries offer advantages such as all-weather, long-life power supply and the ability to continuously output heat and electricity independently of sunlight, their complex system structures involve radiation source protection, thermo-photovoltaic conversion, and other aspects, resulting in long development cycles and extremely high manufacturing costs, hindering their widespread adoption in future large-scale, multi-scenario lunar exploration missions.
[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device, comprising: Lunar soil thermal storage body, wherein the lunar soil thermal storage body is formed by melting lunar soil in situ on the lunar surface at high temperature, and is used to store thermal energy; A heat exchange plate is disposed on the lower surface of the lunar soil heat storage body, serving as a channel for energy exchange between the lunar soil heat storage body and the outside. A heat expansion component, which is fixedly connected to the heat spreader plate, is used to improve the heating efficiency of the lunar soil heat storage body during the heating process; A heating element is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the heat spreader plate and is used to auxiliary heat the lunar soil heat storage body with electrical energy. A controllable heat release component is disposed below the heat spreader and is used to adjust the energy release rate of the lunar soil heat storage body.
[0007] Furthermore, the heat spreader is made of nickel alloy or a nickel alloy-based vapor chamber flat plate heat pipe, and the surface of the heat spreader away from the lunar soil heat storage body is coated with a high-temperature resistant, high-emissivity coating.
[0008] Furthermore, the high emissivity coating is a zirconium oxide-based coating or a rare earth oxide composite coating.
[0009] Furthermore, the heat expansion component is fixed to the upper surface of the heat spreader by high-temperature welding. The heat expansion component includes a heat expansion body and heat expansion fins. The heat expansion body is a nickel alloy-based high-temperature sodium heat pipe, and the heat expansion fins are nickel alloy plates. The heat expansion fins and the heat expansion body are connected by high-temperature welding.
[0010] Furthermore, the controllable heat release component includes multiple louvers with adjustable tilt angles or at least two layers of grid panels that can move relative to each other to change the size of the stacked void area.
[0011] Furthermore, baffles are fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchange plate. The baffles are made of nickel alloy and are spliced together to form a heat storage cavity. The lunar soil heat storage body and the heat expansion component are both located inside the heat storage cavity.
[0012] Furthermore, the outer surface of the heat storage chamber is provided with a heat insulation cover, which is made of high-temperature resistant aerogel or heat insulation felt. A support frame is fixedly installed at the bottom of the heat insulation cover, and a heating interface is installed on the inner wall of the support frame. The heating interface is a thermoelectric conversion module used to generate electricity using thermal energy.
[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a solar heating component, which includes a concentrator, a power transmission fiber bundle, and a diffuser; The concentrator is used to gather solar energy; The input end of the energy-transmitting fiber bundle is set to correspond to the optical focal point of the concentrator, and is used to transmit the collected solar energy. The beam diffuser is located at the output end of the energy-transmitting fiber bundle and is used to diffuse the received solar beam to uniformly heat the heat spreader.
[0014] Furthermore, the condenser is a highly reflective parabolic mirror or a Fresnel lens.
[0015] Furthermore, the light amplifier is a single lens or a lens combination, and the light amplifier is fixed on the support frame by a support plate.
[0016] This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention combines a lunar soil thermal storage body with a solar energy collection and transmission module to store surplus solar and electrical energy during the lunar day as thermal energy in an in-situ prepared lunar soil thermal storage body, and release it during the lunar night or in a permanently shadowed area, thereby breaking through the energy supply bottleneck of the lunar environment without sunlight and realizing the transfer of energy across time and space.
[0017] 2. This invention achieves active regulation of the thermal energy release process through a controllable heat release component. By employing a louvered or grid structure to control the radiative heat dissipation area, the heat release rate can be dynamically adjusted according to the natural temperature decay characteristics of the thermal storage body, thereby ensuring a stable and gradual supply of heat energy throughout the entire heat release cycle from the high-temperature to the low-temperature segment. Based on this, and combined with the tiered utilization of different temperature ranges through the heating interface, priority is given to thermoelectric conversion for high-grade power generation in the high-temperature segment, while direct heat preservation and utilization are performed in the low-temperature segment, thus achieving energy quality matching and maximizing comprehensive utilization.
[0018] 3. This invention fully utilizes in-situ lunar resources, using the widely available lunar regolith as a heat storage medium and directly preparing the heat storage body through high-temperature melting and molding. This design eliminates the need to transport costly energy storage materials from Earth, greatly reducing the launch weight and logistical pressure of deep space exploration missions, and significantly improving the economic efficiency and engineering feasibility of lunar energy systems.
[0019] 4. This invention possesses excellent modularity and scalability. The standard thermal storage module, composed of a lunar soil thermal storage body, a heat spreader, and heat expansion components, can be arrayed and stacked according to actual mission requirements. The heat release module and the heating module can be flexibly switched and connected according to different application scenarios. This standardized and modular design enables the invention to flexibly adapt to different scales and functions of lunar energy demand scenarios, ranging from single-device insulation to base-level power supply, demonstrating strong engineering adaptability and promotional value.
[0020] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description
[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the efficient heating of the lunar soil heat storage body of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the enhanced thermal conductivity of the lunar soil heat storage body of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the louvered controlled heat release of the lunar soil heat storage body of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grid-type controlled heat release of the lunar soil heat storage body of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0024] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device, comprising a lunar soil thermal storage body 1, a heat equalization plate 2, a heat expansion component 3, a heat insulation material 4, a baffle 5, a heating element 6, a controllable heat release component 7, a heat supply interface 9, a concentrator 10, an energy transmission fiber bundle 11, and a diffuser 12.
[0025] Lunar soil thermal storage body 1 is the main thermal storage component. It is formed by high-temperature melting of lunar soil on the lunar surface, resulting in a dense structure with high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. It stores thermal energy through sensible heat storage. The effective heat storage range of lunar soil heat storage body 1 is 100℃-800℃. The lunar soil is completely melted and poured into the heat storage chamber. It is formed by casting. During the forming process, the baffle 5 is heated to maintain a high temperature of 600℃ to prevent the phenomenon of forming brittleness. By melting the lunar soil at high temperature, the pores, cracks and irregular particle boundaries in the original lunar soil can be eliminated. The resulting heat storage body 1 has a dense and uniform structure, which significantly improves the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of the lunar soil material, thereby enhancing the heat storage density and heat transfer efficiency of the heat storage body 1. The casting process allows for precise control of the final shape and size of the heat storage body 1, ensuring a perfect fit with the internal space of the heat storage chamber. This eliminates the need for additional machining or assembly adjustments, simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing contact thermal resistance, which facilitates efficient heat transfer between the heat storage body 1 and the chamber wall.
[0026] The heat exchange plate 2 is the main channel for energy exchange between the lunar soil heat storage body 1 and the outside. It adopts a high-temperature nickel alloy or a nickel alloy-based vapor chamber flat plate heat pipe. The side away from the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is coated with a high-temperature resistant and high-emissivity coating, such as a ceramic-based coating, to enhance the heat exchange capacity. It should be noted that high-temperature nickel alloys and nickel alloy-based materials exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and dimensional stability under the wide temperature range of lunar surface operation. They can withstand the thermal stress and thermal shock of the heat storage body 1 during long-term high-temperature heat storage, ensuring the structural integrity and service life of the heat exchange plate 2 as an energy exchange channel. Secondly, the steam chamber flat plate heat pipe structure utilizes the phase change heat transfer principle of the internal working fluid, giving the heat exchange plate 2 an extremely high equivalent thermal conductivity. This allows heat to be rapidly and evenly transferred from the lunar soil heat storage body 1 to the entire plate surface with minimal temperature difference, eliminating local overheating or overcooling and significantly improving the response speed and uniformity of the heat storage body 1's charging and discharging process. At the same time, in the lunar vacuum environment where radiation heat exchange is dominant, the high emissivity coating enables the heat exchange plate 2 to release the stored heat energy more effectively in the form of thermal radiation, enhancing the heat exchange efficiency during heating or supplying heat.
[0027] The heat expansion component 3 is a heat conduction enhancement measure adopted to improve the heating efficiency of the lunar soil heat storage body 1. Specifically, it includes a heat expansion body 301 and heat expansion fins 302. The heat expansion body 301 is a nickel alloy-based high-temperature sodium heat pipe, and the heat expansion fins 302 are nickel alloys. The two are connected by high-temperature welding, such as laser welding or electron beam welding. The heat expansion component 3 is also connected to the heat spreader 2 by high-temperature welding. Specifically, the heat expansion body 301 adopts a sodium heat pipe structure, which utilizes the phase change cycle heat transfer mechanism of sodium working fluid at high temperature. It has an extremely high equivalent thermal conductivity, which can quickly and efficiently conduct the heat input from the heating source (such as solar energy or electric heating plate) to various areas of the heat expansion fins 302 and heat spreader 2. This significantly shortens the heating time of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 and improves the thermal response speed in the energy storage process. Secondly, the heat expansion fins 302 greatly increase the total heat exchange area of the heat expansion component 3, so that the heat can be transferred to the interior of the heat storage body 1 or the heat storage cavity more dispersed and uniformly. This avoids thermal stress concentration caused by excessive local heat flux density or uneven heating of the lunar soil heat storage body 1, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the overall temperature distribution of the heat storage body 1, which is conducive to improving the heat storage capacity and heat storage efficiency.
[0028] The heat insulation cover 4 is used to reduce heat leakage of the entire heat storage system. It is made of high-temperature resistant aerogel or heat insulation felt combined with aerospace multi-layer heat insulation components to achieve a high-efficiency heat insulation effect. Specifically, high-temperature resistant aerogels and insulating felts possess extremely low thermal conductivity, effectively blocking heat transfer through solid conduction and gas convection (though heat transfer still occurs in the thin lunar atmosphere), significantly reducing heat loss from the heat storage body to the surrounding environment. Aerospace-grade multilayer thermal insulation components utilize an alternating structure of multiple high-reflectivity screens and low-thermal-conductivity spacers to create extremely high thermal resistance to radiative heat transfer in a vacuum environment, significantly suppressing infrared radiation heat leakage. Furthermore, the combined use of these two insulation materials creates a synergistic effect: aerogels or insulating felts primarily suppress conductive and convective heat transfer, while multilayer thermal insulation components primarily suppress radiative heat transfer. This combination achieves comprehensive blocking of multiple heat transfer mechanisms, thereby reducing heat loss in the thermal storage system to extremely low levels and ensuring that the thermal energy stored during the lunar day can be preserved for extended periods until the lunar night or permanent shadow areas.
[0029] The baffle 5 is made of nickel alloy and serves to accommodate the phase change heat storage body 1. It is directly connected to the heat spreader 2 by high-temperature welding. Nickel alloy has good high-temperature strength, creep resistance and oxidation resistance in the wide temperature range of lunar surface. It can withstand the high-temperature impact during the casting of molten lunar soil and the thermal stress generated by the subsequent repeated heat storage and release cycles, ensuring the integrity of the shell structure and preventing deformation or cracking, thereby reliably constraining and accommodating the lunar soil heat storage body 1.
[0030] The heating element 6 is a high-temperature ceramic heating element 6, which mainly uses the redundant electrical energy of the lunar day to assist the heating of the heat storage body 1. The surface of the heating element 6 and the surface of the heat spreader 2 are coated with the same high emissivity coating. The high emissivity coating is a ceramic system material, such as a zirconium oxide-based coating or a rare earth oxide composite coating. Specifically, the high-temperature ceramic heating element possesses excellent high-temperature resistance and chemical stability, enabling long-term stable operation within the wide temperature range of the lunar regolith regenerator. It withstands repeated heating and cooling cycles without oxidation, aging, or power attenuation, ensuring the reliability of auxiliary heating using redundant lunar daytime electrical energy. Furthermore, the heating element and the heat spreader utilize the same high-emissivity coating, matching their spectral emission characteristics at the radiative heat exchange interface and avoiding reflection losses or uneven absorption due to emissivity differences. When the heating element is energized, its surface coating efficiently emits the heat energy converted from electrical energy outwards through infrared radiation; the same material coating on the heat spreader surface efficiently absorbs this radiative heat energy, significantly improving the radiative coupling efficiency between the two.
[0031] The controllable heat release component 7 is kept at a distance greater than 10cm from the heat spreader 2 to regulate the energy release rate of the heat storage body 1. The heat storage body 1 provides heat through radiation. As energy is released, the temperature of the heat storage body 1 will gradually decrease, and the heating capacity will become worse. In order to achieve a stable energy supply from high temperature to low temperature, louvers 701 or a grid structure is designed. The radiative heat loss is adjusted by controlling the tilt angle of the louvers 701. The grid structure consists of two or more layers of grid plates 702. The radiative heat loss is adjusted by controlling the size of the stacked void area of the grid plates 702. Specifically, the controllable heat dissipation component 7 and the heat spreader 2 maintain a certain distance, which can effectively block the solid heat conduction path between the two and avoid unnecessary heat leakage through direct contact. At the same time, this distance provides sufficient space for the movement adjustment of louvers or grilles, ensuring that the moving parts do not interfere with the heat spreader when they are in motion, and keeping the moving parts in a relatively low temperature environment, which is conducive to improving the long-term reliability and service life of the adjustment mechanism. Secondly, the louvered structure can continuously change the radiant projection area by adjusting the blade tilt angle, with rapid response and high adjustment precision. The grid structure achieves non-contact radiant flux control by changing the overlapping area of the voids after stacking two or more layers of grid plates 702. By setting louvers 701 or grid structures, the effective opening area of the radiant heat dissipation window can be dynamically changed. When the temperature of the heat storage body is high, the opening area is reduced to suppress excessive heat dissipation power; when the temperature of the heat storage body decreases, the opening area is increased to compensate for the attenuation of radiant force caused by the temperature drop. This area compensation mechanism keeps the heat dissipation power relatively stable across the entire temperature range, achieving a stable energy supply throughout the entire heat release process from high to low temperatures.
[0032] Heating interface 9 is a thermoelectric conversion module. The core thermoelectric conversion material is a medium-high temperature silicon-germanium alloy system, which is used to generate electricity using thermal energy. When the temperature of the heat storage body 1 is high, heating interface 9 is a thermoelectric conversion module that generates electricity using thermal energy; when the temperature of the heat storage body is low, heating interface 9 is a lunar night insulation device that uses thermal energy for lunar night insulation. Specifically, when the temperature of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is in the first preset temperature range, it is connected to the thermoelectric conversion module to generate electricity; when the temperature of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is in the second preset temperature range, it is connected to the lunar night heat preservation equipment for heat preservation; wherein, the first preset temperature range is 200℃-800℃, and the second preset temperature range is 100℃-200℃.
[0033] Concentrator 10 can be a reflective concentrator or a Fresnel transmission concentrator to focus sunlight at the focal point and achieve solar energy collection; Reflective focusing mirrors (such as parabolic mirrors) are made of metal or coated glass, and suffer from no atmospheric absorption or scattering loss in the lunar vacuum environment, resulting in high reflection efficiency and stable performance. Fresnel transmission focusing mirrors are made of lightweight optical plastics or thin glass, which are thin and lightweight, significantly reducing launch costs. Both options can be launched after folding and deployed in orbit, saving payload space. By concentrating sunlight from a large area to a small focal region using a concentrator, the energy flux density reaching the heating surface is significantly increased. This allows the originally low natural solar radiation to generate extremely high temperatures locally, sufficient to meet the needs of lunar regolith melting and high-temperature heating of the thermal storage device. Therefore, efficient solar thermal utilization can be achieved without additional electrical energy consumption. After concentrating sunlight, the high-energy-flux density light energy can be flexibly transmitted to the thermal storage device via a bundle of energy-transmitting optical fibers, allowing the concentrator and the thermal storage device to be arranged separately. The concentrator can be placed on the well-lit lunar surface, while the thermal storage device can be placed in locations requiring heating (such as inside the equipment compartment or in shaded areas), achieving separation of light and heat and enhancing the flexibility of system layout.
[0034] The energy transmission fiber bundle 11 is a pure silica fiber bundle with high-temperature fusion splicing at both ends. It can withstand temperatures above 1000℃ and is used to flexibly transmit the collected solar energy to the heating surface of the lunar soil heat storage body 1. The pure silica fiber bundle has excellent optical transmittance in the visible and near-infrared bands, which can transmit the sunlight collected by the concentrator to the heating surface of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 with low loss, thus maximizing the preservation of the high energy flux density of solar energy and ensuring the heating effect.
[0035] The diffuser 12 is a single lens or a lens combination, mounted on the support plate 13, which diffuses the light spot output by the power transmission fiber bundle 11 and uniformly heats the heat storage body and the heat spreader plate 2. It should be noted that the lens combination is a convex-concave combination lens, with the convex lens close to the converging light source side and the concave lens located near the focal point of the convex lens.
[0036] Example 2: This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 1, in that: the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is prepared by directly adding lunar soil into the heat storage body container, obtaining solar energy through the concentrator 10, and combining the electric heating of the heating element 6 to heat the heat storage body to above 1300°C.
[0037] Example 3: Based on Example 2, this embodiment further improves upon the following: the standard thermal storage module, consisting of lunar soil thermal storage body 1, heat spreader 2, heat expansion component 3, heat insulation material 4, thermal storage shell 5, and heating element 6, can be arrayed and stacked according to energy demand; the heat release mode, consisting of controllable heat release component 7, heat insulation material support 8, and heating interface 9, and the heating mode, consisting of heat insulation material support 8, light diffuser 12, and support plate 13, can be switched as a whole according to the demand scenario and connected to the standard thermal storage module.
[0038] Example 4: This embodiment is further improved on the basis of embodiment 3 as follows: the working temperature range of the lunar soil heat storage body is 100℃-800℃. When the temperature range of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is 500℃-800℃, the heating interface 9 performs high-temperature thermoelectric conversion utilization; when the temperature range of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is 200℃-500℃, the heating interface 9 performs medium-temperature thermoelectric conversion utilization; when the temperature range of the lunar soil heat storage body 1 is 100℃-200℃, the heating interface 9 performs direct heat energy utilization for equipment insulation.
[0039] In summary, this invention provides an in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device. By combining a lunar soil thermal storage body with a high-efficiency heat expansion component, it achieves efficient storage of solar energy and redundant electrical energy during the lunar day. Through a controllable heat release component, it achieves stable energy release and cascade utilization, thereby realizing peak shifting and valley filling of lunar surface energy in both time and space dimensions, providing a new approach to meet the energy needs of multiple scenarios on the lunar surface.
[0040] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0041] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A device for in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Lunar soil heat storage body (1), wherein the lunar soil heat storage body (1) is formed by high-temperature melting of lunar soil in situ on the lunar surface and is used to store thermal energy; Heat exchange plate (2), which is disposed on the lower surface of the lunar soil heat storage body (1) and serves as a channel for energy exchange between the lunar soil heat storage body (1) and the outside; Heat expansion component (3), which is fixedly connected to the heat spreader (2) and is used to improve the heating efficiency of the lunar soil heat storage body (1) during the heating process; Heating element (6), which is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the heat spreader (2) and is used to use electrical energy to assist in heating the lunar soil heat storage body; Controllable heat release component (7), which is located below the heat spreader (2), is used to adjust the energy release rate of the lunar soil heat storage body (1).
2. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat spreader (2) is made of nickel alloy or nickel alloy-based steam chamber flat plate heat pipe, and the surface of the heat spreader (2) away from the lunar soil heat storage body (1) is sprayed with a high-temperature resistant, high-emissivity coating.
3. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high emissivity coating is a zirconia-based coating or a rare earth oxide composite coating.
4. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat expansion component (3) is fixed to the upper surface of the heat spreader by high-temperature welding. The heat expansion component (3) includes a heat expansion body (301) and heat expansion fins (302). The heat expansion body (301) is a nickel alloy-based high-temperature sodium heat pipe, and the heat expansion fins (302) are nickel alloy plates. The heat expansion fins (302) and the heat expansion body (301) are connected by high-temperature welding.
5. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The controllable heat release assembly (7) includes a plurality of louvers (701) with adjustable tilt angles or includes at least two layers of grid plates (702) that can move relative to each other to change the size of the stacked void area.
6. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the heat exchange plate (2) is fixedly connected with baffles (5), which are made of nickel alloy. The baffles (5) are spliced together to form a heat storage cavity. The lunar soil heat storage body (1) and the heat expansion component (3) are both located inside the heat storage cavity.
7. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the heat storage chamber is provided with a heat insulation cover (4), which is made of high temperature resistant aerogel or heat insulation felt. A support frame (8) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the heat insulation cover (4), and a heating interface (9) is installed on the inner wall of the support frame (8). The heating interface (9) is a thermoelectric conversion module used to generate electricity using thermal energy.
8. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a solar heating component, which includes a concentrator (10), a power transmission fiber bundle (11), and a diffuser (12). The concentrator (10) is used to collect solar energy; The input end of the energy-transmitting fiber bundle (11) is set to correspond to the optical focal point of the concentrator (10) for transmitting the converged solar energy; The diffuser (12) is located at the output end of the energy transmission fiber bundle (11) and is used to diffuse the received solar beam and uniformly heat the heat spreader (2).
9. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The condenser (10) is a high-reflectivity parabolic mirror or a Fresnel lens.
10. The in-situ lunar soil thermal energy storage and controllable utilization device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The light diffuser (12) is a single lens or a combination of lenses, and the light diffuser (12) is fixed on the support frame (8) by the support plate (13).