Flue gas graded cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower
By designing a combined purification tower of flue gas graded cooling and low-temperature adsorption, the problems of numerous equipment and complex processes in the existing technology are solved, and efficient and economical flue gas purification effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311212698.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
AI Technical Summary
The existing flue gas purification technology has a wide range of equipment and complex process flow, resulting in high operating costs and large area.
A combined purification tower of flue gas graded cooling and low-temperature adsorption is designed to integrate the cooling and adsorption process of flue gas into a tower body, simplifying the purification process and reducing land occupation and construction costs.
The flue gas purification process has been simplified, the land occupation and construction costs have been reduced, and the efficiency and effect of adsorption and removal of flue gas pollutants has been improved.
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Figure CN119656785A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of flue gas purification, and in particular to a flue gas graded cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower. Background Art
[0002] Coal-fired and incineration flue gases generate large amounts of pollutants, a major threat to the atmospheric environment and human health. Widely used pollutant removal technologies in large-scale coal-fired and incineration boilers include bag filters, electrostatic precipitators, limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification. In-furnace calcium injection desulfurization and non-selective catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitrification are also widely used in small and medium-sized fluidized bed boilers. These pollutant removal technologies remove pollutants individually, using a cascaded system approach that requires extensive equipment, complex processes, and high operating costs. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower, which integrates the cooling and adsorption of flue gas into one tower body, thereby achieving miniaturization of the system.
[0005] The flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
[0006] A tower body, wherein the inner cavity of the tower body includes a cooling cavity and an adsorption cavity located above the cooling cavity; a plurality of partitions are provided in the cooling cavity to divide the cooling cavity into a plurality of spray cavities arranged vertically; a vent is provided on the partition to allow flue gas to flow from the lower spray cavity to the upper spray cavity; the tower body has a flue gas inlet communicating with the lowest spray cavity among the plurality of spray cavities, and a flue gas outlet communicating with the adsorption cavity;
[0007] A multi-stage cooling assembly, wherein the multi-stage cooling assembly corresponds to the multi-stage spray chamber on a one-to-one basis, and the cooling assembly is arranged in the corresponding spray chamber. The cooling assembly includes a packing layer and a spray element located above the packing layer, and the spray element is used to spray a coolant to cool the flue gas to be purified in the spray chamber;
[0008] An adsorbent layer is provided in the adsorption chamber, and is used for adsorbing and purifying the flue gas to be purified after entering the adsorption chamber from the cooling chamber and being cooled, into clean flue gas.
[0009] The flue gas purification tower with staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption in the embodiments of the present invention integrates the flue gas cooling and adsorption purification processes into a single tower, simplifying the flue gas purification process and reducing floor space and construction costs. Furthermore, after cooling in the cooling chamber, the flue gas is directly transported to the adsorption chamber for adsorption. This not only reduces transport time but also avoids the problem of cold capacity loss during pipeline transport, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of adsorption and removal of flue gas pollutants.
[0010] In some embodiments, the flue gas inlet is located at the bottom of the tower body, and the flue gas outlet is located at the top of the tower body.
[0011] In some embodiments, the spray component includes a spray bracket and a plurality of spray pipes arranged on the spray bracket, the spray bracket is connected to the inner wall of the tower body, and the spray pipes are provided with a plurality of nozzles.
[0012] In some embodiments, the packing layer includes a packing support and a structured packing provided on the packing support, and the packing support is connected to the inner wall of the tower body.
[0013] In some embodiments, the ratio of the distance between the spraying element and the upper end of the packing layer in any one-stage spraying chamber to the height of the spraying chamber of that stage is 1:(5-15).
[0014] In some embodiments, a demister is further provided in the uppermost spray chamber of the multi-stage spray chamber, and the demister is located above the spray element in the spray chamber of this stage.
[0015] In some embodiments, the tower body further has an adsorbent inlet and an adsorbent outlet communicated with the adsorption chamber, so that the adsorbent enters the adsorption chamber through the adsorbent inlet, and the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber is discharged from the adsorption chamber through the adsorbent outlet.
[0016] In some embodiments, the adsorbent inlet is located at the top of the adsorption chamber, and the adsorbent outlet is located at the bottom of the adsorption chamber.
[0017] In some embodiments, the bottom wall of the adsorption chamber is tapered so that the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber flows to the adsorbent outlet.
[0018] In some embodiments, a distributor is provided in the adsorption chamber, an inlet of the distributor is connected to the adsorbent inlet, and a plurality of outlets of the distributor are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Reference numerals:
[0021] Tower body 1, cooling chamber 101, first-stage spray chamber 1011, second-stage spray chamber 1012, third-stage spray chamber 1013, adsorption chamber 102, flue gas inlet 103, flue gas outlet 104, adsorbent inlet 105, adsorbent outlet 106, partition 11, ventilation part 111, demister 12, distributor 13,
[0022] Cooling component 2, packing layer 21, spraying part 22,
[0023] Adsorbent layer 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0025] The following describes the flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a tower body 1 , an adsorbent layer 3 and a multi-stage cooling assembly 2 .
[0027] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inner cavity of the tower body 1 includes a cooling cavity 101 and an adsorption cavity 102, and the adsorption cavity 102 is located above the cooling cavity 101. In other words, an air distribution plate is provided in the inner cavity of the tower body 1, which divides the inner cavity of the tower body 1 into the adsorption cavity 102 located above the air distribution plate and the cooling cavity 101 located below the air distribution plate. The air distribution plate is provided with multiple air distribution holes to facilitate the uniform flow of flue gas in the cooling cavity 101 into the adsorption cavity 102.
[0028] A multi-layer partition 11 is provided in the cooling chamber 101 to divide the cooling chamber 101 into a multi-stage spray chamber arranged vertically. A ventilation portion 111 (for example, an air lift cap) is provided on the partition 11 to allow smoke to flow from the lower spray chamber to the upper spray chamber.
[0029] Alternatively, as Figure 1 As shown, the multi-stage spray chamber includes a first-stage spray chamber 1011, a second-stage spray chamber 1012, and a third-stage spray chamber 1013, which are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. That is, the smoke in the first-stage spray chamber 1011 can flow into the second-stage spray chamber 1012 through the vent 111 between the first-stage spray chamber 1011 and the second-stage spray chamber 1012, and the smoke in the second-stage spray chamber 1012 can flow into the third-stage spray chamber 1013 through the vent 111 between the second-stage spray chamber 1012 and the third-stage spray chamber 1013.
[0030] The tower body 1 has a flue gas inlet 103 connected to the lowest spray chamber (first-stage spray chamber 1011) in the multi-stage spray chamber, and a flue gas outlet 104 connected to the adsorption chamber 102, so that the flue gas enters the first-stage spray chamber 1011 through the flue gas inlet 103, flows through the multi-stage spray chamber (cooling chamber 101) in sequence, flows into the adsorption chamber 102 through the multiple air distribution holes on the air distribution plate, and finally discharges the tower body 1 through the flue gas outlet 104.
[0031] The multi-stage cooling assembly 2 corresponds to the multi-stage spray chamber one by one and is arranged in the corresponding spray chamber. The cooling assembly 2 includes a packing layer 21 and a spray element 22 located above the packing layer 21. The spray element 22 is used to spray coolant to cool the flue gas to be purified in the spray chamber.
[0032] It is understood that the flue gas to be purified, which enters the tower body 1 through the flue gas inlet 103, is sequentially cooled through multiple spray chambers to achieve a step-by-step cooling process, thereby cooling the flue gas to a sub-zero temperature range. In other words, the flue gas is cooled to a first temperature through the first spray chamber, a second temperature through the second spray chamber, and a third temperature through the third spray chamber, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature, the second temperature is greater than the third temperature, and the third temperature is less than zero degrees Celsius.
[0033] The adsorbent layer 3 is arranged in the adsorption chamber 102. The low-temperature flue gas cooled in the cooling chamber 101 enters the adsorption chamber 102 and is purified into clean flue gas through low-temperature adsorption by the adsorbent layer 3. The clean flue gas is discharged out of the tower through the flue gas outlet 104 to be transported to subsequent processes (for example, discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney).
[0034] It should be understood that the inventors discovered that in the low-temperature environment of the sub-zero temperature zone, the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas undergo low-temperature oxidation and adsorption on the surface of adsorbents such as activated carbon, oxidizing the difficult-to-adsorb nitric oxide gas into easily adsorbed nitrogen dioxide gas, achieving a hundreds-fold increase in adsorption capacity. In addition, the adsorption capacity of components such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and heavy metals also increases exponentially in low-temperature environments.
[0035] In summary, the flue gas staged cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower of the present invention integrates the flue gas cooling and adsorption purification processes into a single tower, thereby simplifying the flue gas purification process, reducing floor space and construction costs. Furthermore, after cooling in the cooling chamber 101, the flue gas is directly transported to the adsorption chamber 102 for adsorption. This not only reduces transport time but also avoids the problem of flue gas cooling loss during pipeline transport, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of adsorption and removal of flue gas pollutants.
[0036] In some embodiments, as Figure 1As shown, the smoke inlet 103 is located at the bottom of the tower body 1, and the smoke outlet 104 is located at the top of the tower body 1, so that the smoke can flow from bottom to top in the tower body 1, thereby improving the smoothness of the smoke flow.
[0037] In some embodiments, the spray element 22 includes a spray bracket and multiple spray pipes mounted on the spray bracket, the spray bracket being connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1, and the spray pipes being provided with multiple nozzles. The packing layer 21 includes a packing bracket and structured packing mounted on the packing bracket, the packing bracket being connected to the inner wall of the tower body 1.
[0038] Optionally, the tower body 1 is provided with mounting holes for tower internals (eg, spray brackets and filler brackets) to be erected, so that the tower internals can be erected in the tower body 1 .
[0039] In some embodiments, the ratio of the distance between the spraying element 22 and the upper end of the packing layer 21 in any one-stage spraying chamber to the height of the spraying chamber of that stage is 1:(5-15).
[0040] Optionally, the ratio of the distance between the spray element 22 and the upper end of the packing layer 21 in the first-stage spray chamber 1011 to the height of the first-stage spray chamber 1011 is 1:15, the ratio of the distance between the spray element 22 and the upper end of the packing layer 21 in the second-stage spray chamber 1012 to the height of the second-stage spray chamber 1012 is 1:10, and the ratio of the distance between the spray element 22 and the upper end of the packing layer 21 in the third-stage spray chamber 1013 to the height of the third-stage spray chamber 1013 is 1:10.
[0041] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, a demister 12 is also provided in the topmost spray chamber (third-stage spray chamber 1013) in the multi-stage spray chamber. The demister 12 is located above the spray element 22 in the spray chamber of this stage, thereby preventing the cooled flue gas from carrying a large amount of droplets into the adsorption chamber 102, causing the adsorbent to stick together and affecting the adsorption effect.
[0042] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 As shown, the tower body 1 further has an adsorbent inlet 105 and an adsorbent outlet 106 communicated with the adsorption chamber 102 , so that the adsorbent enters the adsorption chamber 102 through the adsorbent inlet 105 and the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber 102 is discharged from the adsorption chamber 102 through the adsorbent outlet 106 .
[0043] It is understood that the adsorbent enters the adsorption chamber 102 through the adsorbent inlet 105 and is deposited on the gas distribution plate to form the adsorbent layer 3. For example, the adsorbent layer 3 is a fixed bed type. When the adsorbent reaches saturation, the adsorbent is discharged through the adsorbent outlet 106. After heating and regeneration, the adsorbent is replenished into the adsorption chamber 102 through the adsorbent inlet 105. Alternatively, the adsorbent layer 3 is a moving bed type, with adsorbent continuously replenished through the adsorbent inlet 105 and discharged through the adsorbent outlet 106.
[0044] Alternatively, as Figure 1 As shown, the adsorbent inlet 105 is located at the top of the adsorption chamber 102, and the adsorbent outlet 106 is located at the bottom of the adsorption chamber 102. The adsorbent outlet 106 is annular, and the bottom wall of the adsorption chamber 102 is tapered so that the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber 102 flows to the adsorbent outlet 106.
[0045] Furthermore, if Figure 1 As shown, a distributor 13 is provided in the adsorption chamber 102. The distributor 13 is composed of a main pipe and multiple sub-pipes connected together. The inlet of the distributor 13 (the inlet of the main pipe) is connected to the adsorbent inlet 105. The multiple outlets of the distributor 13 (the outlets of the multiple sub-pipes) are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction to ensure that the adsorbent passing through the adsorbent inlet 105 falls evenly.
[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.
[0047] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
[0048] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.
[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
[0050] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.
[0051] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A flue gas graded cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower, characterized in that: include: A tower body, wherein the inner cavity of the tower body comprises a cooling cavity and an adsorption cavity located above the cooling cavity, wherein a multi-layer partition is provided in the cooling cavity to divide the cooling cavity into a multi-stage spray cavity arranged vertically, wherein a vent is provided on the partition to allow smoke to flow from a lower-stage spray cavity to an upper-stage spray cavity, and wherein the tower body has a smoke inlet connected to a spray cavity located at the lowest stage among the multi-stage spray cavities and a smoke outlet connected to the adsorption cavity; A multi-stage cooling assembly, wherein the multi-stage cooling assembly corresponds to the multi-stage spray chamber one by one, the cooling assembly is arranged in the spray chamber corresponding thereto, the cooling assembly comprises a packing layer and a spraying member located above the packing layer, the spraying member is used to spray a coolant to cool the flue gas to be purified in the spray chamber; The adsorbent layer is arranged in the adsorption chamber, and the adsorbent layer is used to adsorb and purify the flue gas to be purified after entering the adsorption chamber from the cooling chamber and being cooled into clean flue gas.
2. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The smoke inlet is located at the bottom of the tower body, and the smoke outlet is located at the top of the tower body.
3. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spraying part comprises a spraying bracket and a plurality of spraying pipes arranged on the spraying bracket, the spraying bracket is connected to the inner wall of the tower body, and a plurality of spray heads are arranged on the spraying pipes.
4. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The packing layer comprises a packing support and a structured packing arranged on the packing support, and the packing support is connected to the inner wall of the tower body.
5. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that: The ratio of the distance between the spraying element and the upper end of the packing layer in any one-stage spraying chamber to the height of the spraying chamber of this stage is 1:(5-15).
6. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A demister is also provided in the uppermost spray chamber of the multi-stage spray chamber, and the demister is located above the spraying element in the spray chamber of this stage.
7. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The tower body also has an adsorbent inlet and an adsorbent outlet communicated with the adsorption chamber, so that the adsorbent enters the adsorption chamber through the adsorbent inlet, and the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber is discharged from the adsorption chamber through the adsorbent outlet.
8. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The adsorbent inlet is located at the top of the adsorption chamber, and the adsorbent outlet is located at the bottom of the adsorption chamber.
9. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the adsorption chamber is tapered so that the adsorbent in the adsorption chamber flows to the adsorbent outlet.
10. The flue gas classification cooling and low-temperature adsorption combined purification tower according to claim 8, characterized in that: A distributor is provided in the adsorption chamber, the inlet of the distributor is communicated with the adsorbent inlet, and a plurality of outlets of the distributor are evenly arranged in the horizontal direction.