Device and process for precisely separating waste battery assembly by fitting shape and density parameters

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a process for precisely separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters, and relates to the technical field of battery recovery. Comprising a magnetic separation platform and a separation platform, two sets of magnetic separation screening pieces are arranged in the magnetic separation platform, each set of magnetic separation screening piece comprises a limiting frame, three sets of magnetic separation rollers which are symmetrically distributed in pairs are arranged in the limiting frame, and an adjusting part is arranged on one side of the limiting frame; according to the waste battery magnetic separation device, the following problems in the prior art can be solved: firstly, after a waste battery is crushed, a glue solution is adhered to a positive electrode metal material of the waste battery, so that a negative electrode graphite material of the battery is mingled on the positive electrode metal material of the battery and is difficult to separate; and secondly, during magnetic separation operation, waste battery scraps are generally screened at a time, so that a large amount of waste materials are mixed together, and screening leakage of the battery positive electrode metal material is easily caused.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, and in particular to a device and process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters. Background Art

[0002] Accurate separation of used battery components by fitting shape and density parameters The recycling of used lithium batteries is a complex but important process.

[0003] The treatment of waste lithium-ion batteries usually starts with power detection and discharge treatment, followed by cutting and shelling to obtain battery cell fragments. These fragments are graded and stripped using stripping solutions of different proportions to separate positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, copper foil, and aluminum foil. In this process, primary and secondary stripping agents are used, respectively, for different stripping stages to improve the recovery rate and purity of the materials.

[0004] Therefore, the present application also provides a Chinese patent with publication number CN116078549A, which relates to a multi-stage magnetic separator for lithium battery recycling, which effectively solves the problem that the magnetic material is not in sufficient contact with the magnetic separation component and cannot be subjected to multi-stage magnetic separation; the technical solution thereof comprises a fixed funnel and a shell located below the funnel, a cylinder that can move up and down is arranged in the funnel, a support rod that can move up and down is installed at the axis of the cylinder, an end cover located below the cylinder is installed at the lower end of the support rod, and the support rod moves upward so that the end cover can close the lower end of the cylinder; a plurality of ropes are connected between the lower end of the cylinder and the end cover; a rotatable material distribution plate is installed at the lower end of the end cover; a plurality of radial guide rods are evenly distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the cylinder, the guide rods can move back and forth and reset toward the support rods, an arc-shaped scraper is fixed to the outer end of each guide rod, and after the support rod rises, it can drive the plurality of guide rods to move outward so that the scraper contacts the inner wall of the shell, and the magnetic material in the material can be fully screened through secondary screening.

[0005] However, the above magnetic separator still has some shortcomings in actual use:

[0006] 1. First, in the above-mentioned prior art, the efficiency and accuracy of screening magnetic materials are improved by multi-stage magnetic separation. However, it should be noted that after the waste batteries are crushed, the positive metal materials will be adhered to the glue, and the glue has a certain viscosity, which will cause the negative electrode graphite material of the battery to be mixed with the positive electrode metal material of the battery and be difficult to separate.

[0007] 2. Then, in the prior art, when crushed waste batteries are subjected to magnetic separation, the crushed waste batteries are stored in a special box. Therefore, when screening them, the amount of magnetic separation is usually very large each time, which will cause a large amount of battery positive electrode metal materials to be mixed in the graphite, causing them to miss the screening, further affecting the accuracy of magnetic separation.

[0008] 3. Finally, in the prior art, the effect of multi-stage magnetic separation of battery positive electrode metal materials is poor.

[0009] Therefore, based on the above-stated viewpoints, there is still room for improvement in the existing magnetic separator devices. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device and process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters, and adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] In the first aspect, the present application provides a device for accurately separating waste battery components with fitting shape and density parameters, comprising a stationary magnetic separation platform and a stationary separation platform, wherein the magnetic separation platform and the separation platform are integrated, wherein two groups of magnetic separation screening elements for screening the crushed waste batteries are arranged in the magnetic separation platform, wherein the two groups of magnetic separation screening elements are distributed along the height direction of the magnetic separation platform, wherein each group of the magnetic separation screening elements comprises a limit frame slidably arranged along the length direction of the magnetic separation platform, wherein three groups of magnetic separation rollers symmetrically distributed in pairs are arranged in the limit frame, wherein one side of the limit frame is provided with an adjustment portion for adjusting the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers;

[0012] The magnetic separation platform is provided with a material storage box which slides along the length direction thereof.

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic separation platform and the separation platform are jointly provided with two guide columns passing through the limit frames, and the guide columns are installed between the magnetic separation platform and the separation platform. The magnetic separation platform and the separation platform are jointly provided with two reciprocating threaded rods passing through the limit frames, and the reciprocating threaded rods are installed between the magnetic separation platform and the separation platform, and the guide columns and the reciprocating threaded rods are arranged correspondingly, and a switching motor connected to the two reciprocating threaded rods is arranged on the same side, and the switching motor is arranged on the outer wall of the separation platform through a motor seat.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustment part includes a control block, a bidirectional adjustment rod and an adjustment block. Adjustment long grooves are opened on both sides of the limit frame in the length direction. Several control blocks are slidably arranged in the adjustment long grooves and correspond one-to-one with the magnetic separation rollers. The adjustment blocks are arranged on several control blocks. The bidirectional adjustment rod is rotatably arranged on the side of the limit frame close to the separation platform through a bearing, and several adjustment blocks are screwed on the bidirectional adjustment rod.

[0015] Preferably, the bidirectional adjustment rod is provided with three groups of bidirectional thread grooves in total, and the adjustment blocks on the three groups of magnetic separation rollers symmetrically distributed in pairs correspond to the three groups of bidirectional thread grooves.

[0016] Preferably, a secondary screening component is further provided in the separation platform, and the secondary screening component comprises a screening frame, a linkage screening column, a vibration spring and a vibration cam. The screening frame is provided inside the separation platform, and the bottom of the screening frame and the bottom of the separation platform are connected with a vibration spring, and the vibration cam abuts against the bottom of the screening frame;

[0017] The linkage screening column is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the separation platform, and the vibration cam is installed on the linkage screening column.

[0018] Preferably, an energized component for controlling the start and stop of magnetic separation of the magnetic separation roller is also commonly provided between the magnetic separation platform and the separation platform, and the energized component includes a plurality of groups of energized coils provided inside the magnetic separation roller, and one side of the energized coil extends outward to the outside of the limit frame, and a conductive sheet is commonly installed on the side of the energized coil away from the separation platform, and two disconnected passive metal parts are provided on the conductive sheet, and the passive metal part is provided on the limit frame, and an active metal part is abutted against the passive metal part, and a reset spring is installed between the active metal part and the limit frame.

[0019] Preferably, the separation platform is further connected with two linkage rods, and the two linkage rods and the active metal parts on the two limit frames are in the same straight line.

[0020] Preferably, the magnetic separation platform is provided with four groups of limiting columns distributed in a rectangular shape, wherein the limiting columns on one side are of a bidirectional threaded structure, the material storage box is arranged on the four groups of limiting columns, and fixed plates are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the length direction of the bottom of the material storage box, and the two sides of the width direction of the bottom of the material storage box are hinged with material discharge inclined plates;

[0021] A moving motor is connected to the limiting column of the bidirectional thread structure, and a linkage belt is connected between the limiting column of the bidirectional thread structure and the linkage screening column.

[0022] Preferably, a spacing adjustment threaded rod for adjusting the spacing of the unloading inclined plates is rotatably provided on the fixed plate, and the spacing adjustment plates are symmetrically screwed on the spacing adjustment threaded rod, and the spacing adjustment plates are telescopic structures, and one end of the spacing adjustment plate away from the spacing adjustment threaded rod is hinged on the outer wall of the unloading inclined plates, and the unloading inclined plates are telescopic structures.

[0023] In the second aspect, the present application also provides a process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters. The process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters is as follows:

[0024] S1. Preliminary treatment: Used batteries are first thoroughly discharged by chemical methods to ensure that the battery cells are inactivated;

[0025] S2. Crushing treatment: Use a shredder or a crusher to crush the battery to obtain fragments, which contain battery positive electrode metal materials and battery negative electrode graphite materials;

[0026] S3, magnetic separation treatment: pour the crushed mixture into the interior of the storage box, control the feeding speed through the storage box, and make it enter the magnetic separation platform, and magnetically separate the positive electrode metal material of the battery through the magnetic separation roller;

[0027] S4, screening treatment: after magnetic separation and collection of the battery positive electrode metal material, the remaining mixture is screened to separate the solid material in the battery negative electrode graphite material;

[0028] S5. Pyrolysis treatment: Pyrolyze the positive electrode metal material of the battery selected by magnetic separation to remove the organic binder and the electrolyte to obtain the completely pyrolyzed positive electrode metal material of the battery.

[0029] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] 1. The storage box in the present invention can store the crushed waste batteries and control the amount of material discharged, ensuring that the crushed waste batteries can be screened in an orderly manner, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of magnetic separation of the crushed waste batteries, avoiding the crushed waste batteries from being clumped together and causing material discharge difficulties, and also affecting the magnetic separation effect of the crushed waste batteries.

[0031] 2. The secondary screening element in the present invention can vibrate the battery positive electrode metal material after magnetic separation, and separate the battery negative electrode graphite material adhering thereto by means of vibration, thereby ensuring the neatness of the magnetically separated battery positive electrode metal material and avoiding graphite inclusion in the battery positive electrode metal material.

[0032] 3. The present invention is provided with two groups of magnetic separation rollers, which alternately magnetically separate the positive metal materials in the broken waste batteries, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of magnetic separation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first perspective of the device for separating waste battery components of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device for separating waste battery components from the second viewing angle of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the magnetic separation platform, the separation platform, the limit frame, the guide column, the reciprocating threaded rod and the switching motor of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the magnetic separation screening element and the regulating part of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the regulating unit of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the energized component of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 6 A partial enlarged view of point A in the figure.

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the secondary screening element of the present invention.

[0042] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of controlling the movement of the material storage box of the present invention.

[0043] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of controlling the movement of the inclined plate for material unloading according to the present invention.

[0044] Fig.11 It is a flow chart of the process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters of the present invention.

[0045] Description of reference numerals:

[0046] 1. Magnetic separation platform; 2. Separation platform; 3. Magnetic separation screening element; 30. Limiting frame; 31. Magnetic separation roller; 4. Adjustment part; 7. Storage box; 10. Guide column; 11. Reciprocating threaded rod; 12. Switching motor; 41. Bidirectional adjustment rod; 40. Control block; 42. Adjustment block; 43. Bidirectional threaded groove; 5. Secondary screening element; 50. Screening frame; 51. Linkage screening column; 52. Vibration spring; 53. Vibration cam; 6. Energized component; 60. Energized coil; 61. Conductive sheet; 62. Passive metal part; 63. Active metal part; 64. Reset spring; 65. Linkage rod; 70. Limiting column; 71. Fixed plate; 72. Unloading inclined plate; 75. Moving motor; 73. Spacing adjustment threaded rod; 74. Spacing adjustment plate; 8. Linkage belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 11 This application is described in further detail.

[0048] The embodiment of the present application discloses a device for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters; the device for separating waste battery components is mainly used in the process of recycling waste batteries, and in terms of technical effect can improve the efficiency of magnetic separation in waste batteries, adsorb and separate positive active materials in waste batteries, and improve their separation efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, the waste batteries need to be crushed before magnetic separation, which causes the positive metal materials of the waste batteries to mix with the graphite of their negative electrodes; this in turn causes the graphite of the negative electrodes to get stuck or adhere to the surface and corners of the positive metal materials. When the positive metal materials of the waste batteries are subsequently separated, some graphite will be mixed in them, which greatly reduces the effect of magnetic separation of the waste batteries and affects the efficiency of magnetic separation.

[0050] When crushed waste batteries are subjected to magnetic separation, they are stored in special boxes. Therefore, when they are screened, the amount of magnetic separation is usually very large each time, which will cause a large amount of battery positive electrode metal materials to be mixed in the graphite, causing them to miss the screening, further affecting the accuracy of magnetic separation.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for separating waste battery components in the present application; the device for accurately separating waste battery components with fitting shape and density parameters comprises a stationary magnetic separation platform 1 and a stationary separation platform 2, the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2 are integrated, and two groups of magnetic separation screening elements 3 for screening the crushed waste batteries are arranged in the magnetic separation platform 1, and the two groups of magnetic separation screening elements 3 are distributed along the height direction of the magnetic separation platform 1, and each group of magnetic separation screening elements 3 comprises a limit frame 30 slidingly arranged along the length direction of the magnetic separation platform 1, and three groups of magnetic separation rollers 31 symmetrically distributed in pairs are arranged in the limit frame 30, and an adjustment part 4 for adjusting the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers 31 is provided on one side of the limit frame 30.

[0052] The magnetic separation platform 1 is provided with a material storage box 7 which slides along the length direction thereof.

[0053] The present application is provided with a magnetic separation platform 1 and a separation platform 2. The magnetic separation platform 1 is mainly used to crush and magnetically absorb waste battery components, while the separation platform 2 is mainly used to screen and vibrate the metal materials in the waste battery components after magnetic absorption, so as to separate the graphite materials mixed in the positive electrode metal materials in the waste battery components.

[0054] In order to improve the efficiency of magnetic separation, the magnetic separation platform 1 in the present application is also provided with two groups of magnetic separation screening elements 3. The two groups of magnetic separation screening elements 3 are used for alternating magnetic separation, thereby ensuring that the magnetic separation of waste battery components has a certain continuity, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of magnetic separation.

[0055] The storage box 7 in the present invention can store the crushed waste batteries and control the amount of material discharged, ensuring that the crushed waste batteries can be screened in an orderly manner, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of magnetic separation of the crushed waste batteries, avoiding the crushed waste batteries from being clumped together and causing material discharge difficulties, and also affecting the magnetic separation effect of the crushed waste batteries.

[0056] The secondary screening element 5 in the present invention can vibrate the battery positive electrode metal material after magnetic separation, and separate the battery negative electrode graphite material adhered thereto by vibration, thereby ensuring the neatness of the magnetically separated battery positive electrode metal material and avoiding graphite inclusion in the battery positive electrode metal material.

[0057] In the present invention, two groups of magnetic separation rollers 31 are provided, and the two groups of magnetic separation rollers 31 alternately magnetically separate the positive electrode metal materials in the crushed waste batteries, which can greatly improve the efficiency of magnetic separation.

[0058] When it is necessary to recycle and separate the waste batteries, first observe the type of waste batteries, and adjust the spacing of the magnetic separation rollers 31 in the device as needed; when the recycled waste batteries are mainly button batteries, which are small in size, the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers 31 is reduced through the adjustment unit 4 to prevent the metal magnetic material of the small button batteries from slipping through the gaps between the magnetic separation rollers 31; when the recycled waste batteries are mainly cylindrical dry batteries, their positive metal materials are large in size. If the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers 31 is small, the positive metal materials will be blocked between the magnetic separation rollers 31, affecting the efficiency of the magnetic separation of the positive metal materials of the batteries, and even causing them to become blocked. Therefore, the present application proposes an adjustment unit 4, as shown below.

[0059] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the adjustment part 4 includes a control block 40, a two-way adjustment rod 41 and an adjustment block 42. Adjustment long grooves are opened on both sides of the limit frame 30 in the length direction. Several control blocks 40 are slidably arranged in the adjustment long grooves and correspond one to one with the magnetic separation rollers 31. The adjustment blocks 42 are arranged on several control blocks 40. The two-way adjustment rod 41 is rotatably arranged on the side of the limit frame 30 close to the separation platform 2 through a bearing, and several adjustment blocks 42 are screwed on the two-way adjustment rod 41.

[0060] It should be noted that the bidirectional adjustment rod 41 is provided with bidirectional thread structures corresponding to three groups of magnetic separation rollers 31 .

[0061] A total of three groups of bidirectional thread grooves 43 are arranged on the bidirectional adjustment rod 41 , and the three groups of adjustment blocks 42 on the magnetic separation rollers 31 symmetrically distributed in pairs correspond to the three groups of bidirectional thread grooves 43 .

[0062] Secondly, six magnetic separation rollers 31 are provided in the limiting frame 30 in the present application, and the six magnetic separation rollers 31 are divided into three groups, distributed in pairs.

[0063] During the specific implementation process, rotating the bidirectional adjustment rod 41 will control the relative movement of three groups of corresponding adjustment blocks 42, thereby controlling the relative movement of the three groups of magnetic separation rollers 31, and rotating the bidirectional adjustment rod 41 clockwise, the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers 31 in the three groups of magnetic separation rollers 31 gradually decreases; otherwise, the spacing gradually increases.

[0064] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the energized component 6 is used to generate magnetic force on the magnetic separation roller 31 and lose the magnetic force when the power is turned off; an energized component 6 for controlling the start and stop of magnetic separation of the magnetic separation roller 31 is also provided between the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2, and the energized component 6 includes a plurality of groups of energized coils 60 provided inside the magnetic separation roller 31, one side of the energized coils 60 extends outward to the outside of the limit frame 30, and a conductive sheet 61 is installed on the side of the energized coils 60 away from the separation platform 2, and two disconnected passive metal parts 62 are provided on the conductive sheet 61, the passive metal part 62 is provided on the limit frame 30, and an active metal part 63 is abutted against the passive metal part 62, and a reset spring 64 is installed between the active metal part 63 and the limit frame 30.

[0065] The sides of the passive metal component 62 and the active metal component 63 facing away from each other are connected to the outside through a wire.

[0066] The separation platform 2 is further connected with two linkage rods 65 , and the two linkage rods 65 and the active metal parts 63 on the two limit frames 30 are in the same straight line.

[0067] It should be noted that, in the initial state, the magnetic separation roller 31 located at the upper end of the magnetic separation platform 1 is against the inner wall of the magnetic separation platform 1 in the initial state, and the magnetic separation roller 31 located at the lower end of the magnetic separation platform 1 is located in the separation platform 2.

[0068] After the external equipment transports the crushed waste batteries to the interior of the magnetic separation platform 1, the magnetic separation rollers 31 are started to rotate. It should be noted that the equipment that rotates the magnetic separation rollers 31 is an existing known component, namely, a motor; therefore, it will not be described in detail.

[0069] The magnetic separation rollers 31 located at the upper end of the magnetic separation platform 1 rotate symmetrically in pairs. The broken waste batteries entering the magnetic separation platform 1 fall from the gaps between the magnetic separation rollers 31 as the magnetic separation rollers 31 rotate. At the same time, the positive metal materials mixed in the waste battery components will be adsorbed by the magnetic separation rollers 31.

[0070] After the magnetic separation roller 31 absorbs a certain amount of positive metal material, the magnetic separation roller 31 located at the upper end of the magnetic separation platform 1 follows the corresponding limit frame 30 and moves into the separation platform 2. After the magnetic separation roller 31 is completely moved into the interior of the separation platform 2, the active metal part 63 and the passive metal part 62 on the magnetic separation roller 31 are squeezed by the linkage column, so that the active metal part 63 and the passive metal part 62 that are in contact with each other in the initial state are separated. At this time, the energized coil 60 inside the magnetic separation roller 31 loses power, causing the magnetic separation roller 31 to no longer have a magnetic attraction effect. At this time, the positive metal material absorbed on the surface of the magnetic separation roller 31 will fall into the separation platform 2.

[0071] Replay Figure 3 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of the magnetic separation roller 31 performing alternating magnetic separation; the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2 are jointly provided with two guide columns 10 passing through the limit frames 30, and the guide columns 10 are installed between the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2; the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2 are jointly provided with two reciprocating threaded rods 11 passing through the limit frames 30, and the reciprocating threaded rods 11 are installed between the magnetic separation platform 1 and the separation platform 2, and the guide columns 10 and the reciprocating threaded rods 11 are arranged correspondingly, and the same side of the two reciprocating threaded rods 11 is provided with a switching motor 12 connected thereto, and the switching motor 12 is arranged on the outer wall of the separation platform 2 through a motor seat.

[0072] It should be noted that the guide column 10 is mainly used in the magnetic separation screening element 3 to limit the limit frame 30 sliding thereon to ensure that the limit frame 30 drives the magnetic separation roller 31 to move horizontally. The main purpose of the reciprocating threaded rod 11 is to ensure that the two limit frames 30 and the magnetic separation roller 31 can move alternately.

[0073] First, a limit frame 30 is located in the magnetic separation platform 1 to magnetically separate the falling crushed waste battery mixture. When the magnetic separation roller 31 on one of the limit frames 30 absorbs a large amount of positive metal material, the corresponding switching motor 12 is started. The switching motor 12 controls the reciprocating threaded rod 11 to drive the magnetic separation roller 31 that absorbs a large amount of positive metal material to move to the separation platform 2. Then, the magnetic separation roller 31 that enters the separation platform 2 loses power and loses its magnetism. At the same time, the large amount of positive metal material absorbed on the magnetic separation roller 31 falls into the screening frame 50 of the secondary screening component 5.

[0074] See also Figure 8 As shown, it is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary screening of a large amount of positive metal materials collected in the screening frame 50 in the present application; after the magnetic separation roller 31 adsorbs and collects the positive metal materials of the battery, a large amount of graphite will be adsorbed in the gaps or viscose of the positive metal materials of the battery, and it is difficult to remove. Therefore, in order to improve its removal rate, the present application proposes a secondary screening element 5.

[0075] A secondary screening component 5 is also provided in the separation platform 2, and the secondary screening component 5 includes a screening frame 50, a linkage screening column 51, a vibration spring 52 and a vibration cam 53. The screening frame 50 is arranged inside the separation platform 2, and the bottom of the screening frame 50 is connected to the bottom of the separation platform 2 with a vibration spring 52, and the vibration cam 53 is against the bottom of the screening frame 50.

[0076] The linkage screening column 51 is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the separation platform 2 , and the vibration cam 53 is installed on the linkage screening column 51 .

[0077] It should be noted that a plurality of vibration springs 52 are arranged at the bottom of the screening frame 50 , and the side of the vibration springs 52 away from the screening frame 50 is arranged on the inner wall of the separation platform 2 .

[0078] A plurality of feeding holes are provided at equal intervals at the bottom and around the screening frame 50 for separating graphite from the positive electrode metal material of waste batteries.

[0079] When a large amount of positive electrode metal of used batteries enters the interior of the screening frame 50, the mobile motor 75 is started, and the mobile motor 75 drives the linked screening column 51 to rotate, and the linked screening column 51 controls the vibration cam 53 to rotate. At this time, the vibration cam 53 hits the screening frame 50, so that the screening frame 50 can vibrate, and the positive electrode metal materials of used batteries inside it hit and vibrate with each other, causing the graphite and some other impurities mixed inside to fall off, and fall from the discharge hole at the bottom of the screening frame 50 to the area specifically for collecting graphite.

[0080] After the positive electrode metal materials of the waste batteries are separated from the graphite, the positive electrode metal materials of the waste batteries are collected uniformly, and other mixtures in the waste batteries are processed later.

[0081] See also Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, four groups of limiting columns 70 distributed in a rectangular shape are arranged on the magnetic separation platform 1, and the limiting columns 70 on one side are of a bidirectional threaded structure. The storage box 7 is arranged on the four groups of limiting columns 70, and fixed plates 71 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the length direction of the bottom of the storage box 7, and unloading inclined plates 72 are hinged on both sides of the width direction of the bottom of the storage box 7.

[0082] A moving motor 75 is connected to the limiting column 70 of the bidirectional thread structure, and a linkage belt 8 is connected between the limiting column 70 of the bidirectional thread structure and the linkage screening column 51 .

[0083] The fixed plate 71 and the material discharge inclined plate 72 can form a movable conical material discharge port, and the fixed plate 71 and the material discharge inclined plate 72 are arranged at the bottom of the storage box 7, and the material discharge inclined plate 72 can be adjusted in position.

[0084] During the specific implementation process, the moving motor 75 is started, and the moving motor 75 controls the limiting column 70 on one side to rotate. The limiting column 70 with a bidirectional threaded structure drives the storage box 7 screwed on its upper end to move back and forth along the length direction of other limiting columns 70. During the reciprocating movement of the storage box 7, the storage box 7 drops materials downward at a uniform speed.

[0085] Further, in order to adjust the speed of material storage box 7 unloading, the present application proposes a spacing adjustment plate; Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, a spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 for adjusting the spacing of the unloading inclined plates 72 is rotatably provided on the fixed plate 71, and a spacing adjustment plate 74 is symmetrically screwed on the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73. The spacing adjustment plate 74 is a telescopic structure, and one end of the spacing adjustment plate 74 away from the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 is hinged on the outer wall of the unloading inclined plate 72. The unloading inclined plate 72 is a telescopic structure.

[0086] When it is necessary to control the discharge speed of the crushed waste batteries, the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 is rotated, and the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 drives the two spacing adjustment plates 74 to move relative to each other, and then the spacing adjustment plate 74 controls the two discharge inclined plates 72 to move, thereby adjusting the spacing between the two discharge inclined plates 72.

[0087] If a faster material discharge speed is required, the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 is rotated clockwise, and the spacing between the two material discharge inclined plates 72 becomes larger, thereby increasing the cross-section of the material discharge and further increasing the material discharge speed; conversely, when the spacing adjustment threaded rod 73 is rotated counterclockwise, the spacing between the two material discharge inclined plates 72 becomes smaller, and the material discharge speed becomes slower.

[0088] See also Fig.11 As shown, the present application proposes a process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters, and the process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters is as follows:

[0089] S1. Preliminary treatment: The used batteries are first completely discharged through chemical methods to ensure that the battery cells are inactivated, avoid fire during the crushing process, and ensure the safety of the used batteries.

[0090] S2. Crushing process: Use a shredder or a crusher to crush the battery to obtain fragments, which contain battery positive electrode metal materials and battery negative electrode graphite materials.

[0091] S3, magnetic separation treatment: pour the crushed mixture into the interior of the storage box 7, control the feeding speed through the storage box 7, and make it enter the magnetic separation platform 1, and then rotate the magnetic separation roller 31 to alternately adsorb the positive metal material of the battery. After the magnetic separation roller 31 adsorbs a certain amount of positive metal material, the magnetic separation roller 31 located at the upper end of the magnetic separation platform 1 follows the corresponding limit frame 30 to move to the separation platform 2. After the magnetic separation roller 31 is completely moved to the interior of the separation platform 2, the active metal part 63 and the passive metal part 62 on the magnetic separation roller 31 are squeezed by the linkage column, so that the active metal part 63 and the passive metal part 62 that are in contact with each other in the initial state are separated. At this time, the energized coil 60 inside the magnetic separation roller 31 loses power, causing the magnetic separation roller 31 to no longer have a magnetic attraction effect. At this time, the positive metal material adsorbed on the surface of the magnetic separation roller 31 will fall into the separation platform 2.

[0092] S4. Screening treatment: After the positive electrode metal material of the battery is magnetically separated and collected, the remaining mixture is screened to separate the solid material in the negative electrode graphite material of the battery.

[0093] S5. Pyrolysis treatment: Pyrolyze the positive electrode metal material of the battery selected by magnetic separation to remove the organic binder and the electrolyte to obtain the completely pyrolyzed positive electrode metal material of the battery.

[0094] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters, characterized in that: The invention comprises a stationary magnetic separation platform (1) and a stationary separation platform (2), wherein the magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2) are arranged in an integrated manner, wherein two groups of magnetic separation screening elements (3) for screening crushed waste batteries are arranged in the magnetic separation platform (1), wherein the two groups of magnetic separation screening elements (3) are distributed along the height direction of the magnetic separation platform (1), wherein each group of the magnetic separation screening elements (3) comprises a limit frame (30) slidably arranged along the length direction of the magnetic separation platform (1), wherein three groups of magnetic separation rollers (31) symmetrically distributed in pairs are arranged in the limit frame (30), and an adjusting portion (4) for adjusting the spacing between the magnetic separation rollers (31) is arranged on one side of the limit frame (30); The magnetic separation platform (1) is provided with a material storage box (7) which slides along its length direction.

2. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2) are jointly provided with two guide posts (10) passing through the limit frames (30), and the guide posts (10) are installed between the magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2). The magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2) are jointly provided with two reciprocating threaded rods (11) passing through the limit frames (30), and the reciprocating threaded rods (11) are installed between the magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2), and the guide posts (10) and the reciprocating threaded rods (11) are arranged correspondingly, and a switching motor (12) connected to the two reciprocating threaded rods (11) is arranged on the same side, and the switching motor (12) is arranged on the outer wall of the separation platform (2) through a motor seat.

3. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The adjusting portion (4) comprises a control block (40), a bidirectional adjusting rod (41) and an adjusting block (42); both sides of the limit frame (30) in the length direction are provided with adjusting long grooves; a plurality of the control blocks (40) are slidably arranged in the adjusting long grooves and correspond one to one with the magnetic separation rollers (31); the adjusting blocks (42) are arranged on a plurality of the control blocks (40); the bidirectional adjusting rod (41) is rotatably arranged on a side of the limit frame (30) close to the separation platform (2) through a bearing; and a plurality of the adjusting blocks (42) are screwed on the bidirectional adjusting rod (41).

4. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bidirectional adjustment rod (41) is provided with three groups of bidirectional thread grooves (43), and the adjustment blocks (42) on the three groups of magnetic separation rollers (31) symmetrically distributed in pairs correspond to the three groups of bidirectional thread grooves (43).

5. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A secondary screening component (5) is also provided in the separation platform (2), and the secondary screening component (5) comprises a screening frame (50), a linkage screening column (51), a vibration spring (52) and a vibration cam (53); the screening frame (50) is provided inside the separation platform (2), and the bottom of the screening frame (50) and the bottom of the separation platform (2) are connected with a vibration spring (52), and the vibration cam (53) abuts against the bottom of the screening frame (50); The linkage screening column (51) is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the separation platform (2), and the vibration cam (53) is installed on the linkage screening column (51).

6. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An energized component (6) for controlling the start and stop of magnetic separation of the magnetic separation roller (31) is also provided between the magnetic separation platform (1) and the separation platform (2). The energized component (6) includes a plurality of groups of energized coils (60) provided inside the magnetic separation roller (31). One side of the energized coils (60) extends outward to the outside of the limit frame (30). A conductive sheet (61) is installed on the side of the energized coils (60) away from the separation platform (2). Two disconnected passive metal parts (62) are provided on the conductive sheet (61). The passive metal part (62) is provided on the limit frame (30), and an active metal part (63) is pressed against the passive metal part (62). A reset spring (64) is installed between the active metal part (63) and the limit frame (30).

7. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the shape and density parameters of claim 6, characterized in that: The separation platform (2) is also connected to two linkage rods (65), and the two linkage rods (65) and the active metal parts (63) on the two limit frames (30) are on the same straight line.

8. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The magnetic separation platform (1) is provided with four groups of limiting columns (70) distributed in a rectangular shape, wherein the limiting columns (70) on one side are of a bidirectional threaded structure, the material storage box (7) is arranged on the four groups of limiting columns (70), and the two sides of the bottom of the material storage box (7) in the length direction are symmetrically provided with fixing plates (71), and the two sides of the bottom of the material storage box (7) in the width direction are hinged with material discharge inclined plates (72); A moving motor (75) is connected to the limiting column (70) of the bidirectional thread structure, and a linkage belt (8) is connected between the limiting column (70) of the bidirectional thread structure and the linkage screening column (51).

9. The device for accurately separating waste battery components according to the fitting shape and density parameters of claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing plate (71) is rotatably provided with a spacing adjustment threaded rod (73) for adjusting the spacing of the material discharging inclined plate (72); the spacing adjustment threaded rod (73) is symmetrically threaded with a spacing adjustment plate (74); the spacing adjustment plate (74) is a telescopic structure; one end of the spacing adjustment plate (74) away from the spacing adjustment threaded rod (73) is hinged on the outer wall of the material discharging inclined plate (72); the material discharging inclined plate (72) is a telescopic structure.

10. A process for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters, using the device for accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The process of accurately separating waste battery components by fitting shape and density parameters is as follows: S1. Preliminary treatment: Used batteries are first thoroughly discharged by chemical methods to ensure that the battery cells are inactivated; S2. Crushing treatment: Use a shredder or a crusher to crush the battery to obtain fragments, which contain battery positive electrode metal materials and battery negative electrode graphite materials; S3, magnetic separation treatment: pouring the crushed mixture into the interior of the storage box (7), controlling the feeding speed of the mixture through the storage box (7), and allowing the mixture to enter the magnetic separation platform (1), and performing magnetic separation treatment on the positive electrode metal material of the battery through the magnetic separation roller (31); S4, screening treatment: after magnetic separation and collection of the battery positive electrode metal material, the remaining mixture is screened to separate the solid material in the battery negative electrode graphite material; S5. Pyrolysis treatment: Pyrolyze the battery positive electrode metal material obtained by magnetic separation to remove the organic binder and electrolyte to obtain the battery positive electrode metal material after complete pyrolysis.

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