Biological fermentation organic fertilizer based on crop residues, fermentation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a biological fermentation organic fertilizer based on crop residues and a fermentation method and application, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production.The fermentation method of the biological fermentation organic fertilizer based on the crop residues comprises the steps that firstly, the crop residues are pretreated to obtain a premixed material A and a premixed material B; mixing saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus laterosporus, flavobacterium flagelloides, cellulase, xylanase and nattokinase to obtain an enzyme and bacterium mixture, composting the premixed material A and the premixed material B, and mixing with the enzyme and bacterium mixture for fermentation. According to the biological fermentation organic fertilizer based on the crop residues, the crop residues are pretreated through multiple means before fermentation, and a specific enzyme and bacterium mixing agent is mixed in the fermentation process to promote fermentation of the crop residues, so that after the organic fertilizer acts on soil, the content of organic matter in the soil can be increased, and the organic matter content in the soil can be increased; and heavy metals in the soil can be obviously reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and in particular relates to a bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, a fermentation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of modern agriculture, the types and effects of fertilizers have gradually increased and been subdivided. According to the classification of use effects, there are single-effect fertilizers used to increase a certain nutrient in the soil alone, or comprehensive fertilizers that increase multiple nutrients in the soil at the same time, and special-effect fertilizers that can be used to repair soil pollution. According to the raw materials, fertilizers can be roughly divided into inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Among them, the raw materials used in inorganic fertilizers are minerals and chemical substances, mostly artificial materials, and the raw materials of organic fertilizers are mostly organic waste generated in daily life and farming. Although inorganic fertilizers have the advantage of quick effect, the use of artificial materials may aggravate certain aspects of soil pollution. In contrast, the raw materials used in inorganic fertilizers are often renewable green resources. Therefore, compared with organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers have the advantages of comprehensive nutrition and less negative impact on the soil. The existing technology is more and more extensive in the use of organic fertilizers for soil fertilization, and there is still a broad space for exploration in the related research on organic fertilizers for repairing soil pollution. In this regard, the present invention proposes a bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues and a fermentation method and application. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues and a fermentation method and application in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a fermentation method for bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Pre-treating crop residues;

[0007] S2, mixing yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Flavobacterium spp., cellulase, xylanase and nattokinase to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture;

[0008] S3. The pretreated product of the crop residues is subjected to composting treatment, the moisture content of the compost product is adjusted, and then an enzyme-bacteria mixture is added, followed by full fermentation to obtain a fermentation product.

[0009] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the pretreatment method of the crop residues is: the crop residues are divided into material A and material B, the material A is acid-leached, cleaned and dried in sequence to obtain a premixed material A, the material B is calcined at high temperature, the calcined product is placed in a KMnO4 solution for ultrasonic treatment, and the product after ultrasonic treatment is dried and calcined for a second time to obtain a premixed material B.

[0010] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, material B accounts for 13-28% of the total amount of crop residues.

[0011] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the pretreatment method of the crop residues also includes sequentially subjecting material A to steam explosion and freeze-thaw treatment before acid leaching.

[0012] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in S3, the enzyme-bacteria mixture includes, by weight, 10-20 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 5-8 parts of Flavobacterium erythropolis, 15-20 parts of cellulase, 6-9 parts of xylanase and 8-12 parts of nattokinase.

[0013] The present invention also provides a bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues. The fermentation product obtained by the fermentation method of the bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues is subjected to low-temperature drying and granulation treatment in sequence to obtain organic fertilizer particles.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application of a biological fermentation organic fertilizer in improving soil nutrients and reducing heavy metals in the soil.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, soil nutrients specifically refer to organic matter in the soil.

[0016] As a further optimization solution of the present invention, the heavy metals include Cu, Zn and C.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention divides crop residues into two parts before composting fermentation, sequentially performs steam explosion, freeze-thaw and acid leaching treatments on one part, and performs two calcination treatments and immersion ultrasonic treatment on the other part, thereby effectively improving the effect of organic fertilizer on improving the organic matter content in the soil, and by always mixing an enzyme-bacteria mixture containing yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Flavobacterium serrata, cellulase, xylanase and nattokinase into the organic fertilizer fermentation process, thereby achieving the effect of reducing Cu, Zn and Cr pollution in the soil after the organic fertilizer acts on the soil, and achieving the effect of improving soil conditions in multiple dimensions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application is described in further detail below. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0020] 1. Materials

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the present invention are conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and other materials used are commercially available products unless otherwise specified.

[0022] In the present invention, the volume concentration of the KMnO4 solution used is 12.5%.

[0023] In the present invention, cellulase, xylanase and nattokinase are all in the form of corresponding powders, and yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Brevibacillus laterosporus and Marinobacter flavimaris are all in the form of corresponding bacterial liquids;

[0024] In the present invention, the crop residues include straws, stalks (such as tomato branches), shells (such as peanut shells), skins (such as melon peels) and dregs (such as tea residues) of various crops.

[0025] 2. Methods

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, the specific fermentation method is as follows:

[0028] S1. The crop residues are divided into material A and material B, of which material B accounts for 13%;

[0029] S2, using 2% sulfuric acid to acid-leach material A for 1.5 hours, washing and drying the acid-leach product in turn to obtain premixed material A, the drying temperature is 60°C, and then calcining material B once, placing the calcined product in a KMnO4 solution for 1 hour of ultrasonic treatment, and then drying and calcining the product after ultrasonic treatment for a second time to obtain premixed material B, the temperature of the two calcinations is 480°C, the first calcination time is 3 hours, and the second calcination time is 50 minutes;

[0030] S3, by weight, uniformly mixing 20 parts of yeast, 8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 5 parts of Flavobacterium spp., 20 parts of cellulase, 9 parts of xylanase and 8 parts of nattokinase to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture;

[0031] S4. Premix A and premix B are uniformly mixed and composted for 3 days. The moisture content of the compost product is adjusted to 40% with sterile water, and then the enzyme-bacteria mixture is mixed in. The compost product is fermented for another 12 days. The fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying at 35° C., and the dried product is granulated to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, the specific fermentation method is as follows:

[0034] S1. The crop residues are divided into material A and material B, of which material B accounts for 28%;

[0035] S2, using 2% sulfuric acid to carry out acid leaching treatment on material A for 1.5 hours, washing and drying the acid leaching product in turn to obtain premixed material A, the drying temperature is 60°C, and then calcining material B once, placing the calcined product in a KMnO4 solution for 2 hours of ultrasonic treatment, and then drying and calcining the product after ultrasonic treatment for a second time to obtain premixed material B, the temperature of the two calcinations is 600°C, the first calcination time is 1 hour, and the second calcination time is 20 minutes;

[0036] S3, by weight, 10 parts of yeast, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 8 parts of Flavobacterium spp., 15 parts of cellulase, 6 parts of xylanase and 12 parts of nattokinase were uniformly mixed to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture, wherein each type of bacteria used a corresponding bacterial solution, and each type of enzyme used a corresponding enzyme powder;

[0037] S4. Premix A and premix B are uniformly mixed and composted for 3 days. The moisture content of the compost product is adjusted to 60% with sterile water, and then mixed with an enzyme-bacteria mixture. The compost product is fermented for another 6 days. The fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying at 35° C., and the dried product is granulated to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, the specific fermentation method is as follows:

[0040] S1. The crop residues are divided into material A and material B, of which material B accounts for 22%;

[0041] S2, using 2% sulfuric acid to acid-leach material A for 1.5 hours, washing and drying the acid-leach product in turn to obtain premixed material A, the drying temperature is 60°C, and then calcining material B once, placing the calcined product in a KMnO4 solution for ultrasonic treatment for 1.5 hours, and then drying and calcining the product after ultrasonic treatment for a second time to obtain premixed material B, the temperature of the two calcinations is 520°C, the first calcination time is 1.5 hours, and the second calcination time is 30 minutes;

[0042] S3, by weight, uniformly mixing 15 parts of yeast, 6 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 7 parts of Flavobacterium spp., 17 parts of cellulase, 8 parts of xylanase and 10 parts of nattokinase to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture;

[0043] S4. Premix A and premix B are uniformly mixed and composted for 3 days. The moisture content of the compost product is adjusted to 55% with sterile water, and then mixed with an enzyme-bacteria mixture. The compost product is fermented for another 10 days. The fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying at 35° C., and the dried product is granulated to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] A bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, the specific fermentation method is as follows:

[0046] S1. The crop residues are divided into material A and material B, of which material B accounts for 22%;

[0047] S2, placing material A under 1.2MPa for 4min steam explosion treatment, then placing it under -25℃ for 8h freezing treatment, then fully thawing the frozen product at room temperature, using 2% sulfuric acid to acid-leach the thawed product for 1.5h, then washing and drying the acid-leach product in turn to obtain premixed material A, the drying temperature is 60℃, then calcining material B once, placing the calcined product in KMnO4 solution for 1.5h ultrasonic treatment, then drying and calcining the product after ultrasonic treatment twice to obtain premixed material B, the temperature of the two calcinations is 520℃, the first calcination time is 1.5h, and the second calcination time is 30min;

[0048] S3, by weight, uniformly mixing 15 parts of yeast, 6 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 7 parts of Flavobacterium spp., 17 parts of cellulase, 8 parts of xylanase and 10 parts of nattokinase to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture;

[0049] S4. Premix A and premix B are uniformly mixed and composted for 3 days. The moisture content of the compost product is adjusted to 55% with sterile water, and then mixed with an enzyme-bacteria mixture. The compost product is fermented for another 10 days. The fermentation product is subjected to low-temperature drying at 35° C., and the dried product is granulated to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

[0050] 1. The influence of crop residue pretreatment methods on the efficacy of organic fertilizer

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] Based on Example 4, only the process of processing material A into premixed material A in S2 is omitted, and material A is used to replace premixed material A in S4.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] Based on Example 4, only the process of processing material B into premixed material B in S2 is omitted, and material B is used to replace premixed material B in S4.

[0055] 2. The influence of mixed bacterial agents on the efficacy of organic fertilizers

[0056] Comparative Examples 3-5

[0057] Based on Example 4, only the components of yeast, Flavobacterium serrata, cellulase and nattokinase in the enzyme-bacteria mixture in S3 were adjusted to set a comparative example. The specific components of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 4-6 are shown in the following table:

[0058]

[0059] 3. Efficacy testing of organic fertilizers

[0060] 5 g of sample was obtained from each group of organic fertilizers, and sterile water was added at a mass ratio of 1:10 to fully dissolve the sample to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0061] Then, several experimental areas of equal area were divided in the experimental field, one experimental area was selected as the blank control group, and then 9 experimental areas were selected and matched with each group of organic fertilizer. Liquid fertilizer was evenly irrigated in the corresponding experimental areas, and the experimental areas corresponding to the blank control group were not treated. After 30 days, the corresponding soil samples were obtained from the areas corresponding to each experimental area and the blank group. The multi-point sampling method was used for sampling.

[0062] 5g of sample was taken from each group of corresponding soil samples, and the content of organic matter and various heavy metals in the sample was detected by conventional soil physical and chemical property analysis methods. The results are shown in the following table:

[0063]

[0064] From the table above we can see that:

[0065] 1. Compared with the blank example, the organic matter in the soil corresponding to Examples 1-3 is significantly higher, while the content of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Cr is significantly lower. This result shows that the bio-fermentation organic fertilizer based on crop residues provided by the present invention has the effect of increasing the organic matter content in the soil and reducing the heavy metals in the soil;

[0066] 2. Compared with Examples 1-3, Example 4 further optimizes the processing process of material A separated from the crop residues, that is, the processes of steam explosion treatment and freeze-thaw treatment are added. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 omit the steps of performing special treatment on material A and material B separated from the crop residues, respectively, compared with Example 4;

[0067] From the test results, the difference in organic matter content between Example 4 and Examples 1-3, and between Example 4 and Comparative Example 1 is more significant, while the data difference in Cu, Zn, and Cr content between Comparative Example 2 and Example 4 is greater. This result shows that calcining material B and acid leaching material A are both beneficial to improving the effect of organic fertilizer on the organic matter content in the soil and reducing the heavy metals in the soil. Among them, calcining material B mainly affects the effect of organic fertilizer on reducing heavy metals in the soil, while acid leaching material A mainly affects the effect of organic fertilizer on improving the organic matter content in the soil. On the basis of acid leaching, adding steam explosion treatment and freeze-thaw treatment of material A can further improve the effect of organic fertilizer on improving the organic matter content in the soil.

[0068] 3. Compared with Example 4, the enzyme-bacteria mixture containing neither nattokinase nor Flavobacterium serrata was used in Comparative Examples 4 and 5, respectively, and the enzyme-bacteria mixture used in Comparative Example 3 contained neither nattokinase nor Flavobacterium serrata. From the test results, the adjustments of Comparative Examples 3-4 all resulted in an increase in the contents of Cu, Zn, and Cr in the soil compared with Example 4. Further comparison of the data showed that compared with Example 4, the increase in the contents of Cu, Zn, and Cr in Comparative Examples 4 and 5 was roughly the same, while in Comparative Example 3, the increase in the content of Cr was The increase in the content of Cu and Zn was significantly higher than that of the content of Cu and Zn. This result shows that for the enzyme-bacteria mixture involved in the fermentation process of organic fertilizer, adding a certain amount of Flavobacterium yellowsea or nattokinase on the basis of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, cellulase and xylanase can enhance the effect of organic fertilizer in reducing heavy metals including Cu, Zn and Cr in the soil. When Flavobacterium yellowsea and nattokinase are mixed and added in proportion, the organic fertilizer can not only comprehensively reduce the heavy metals in the soil, but also specifically reduce Cr pollution.

[0069] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation method for producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Pre-treating crop residues; S2, mixing yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus laterosporus, Flavobacterium spp., cellulase, xylanase and nattokinase to obtain an enzyme-bacteria mixture; S3. The pretreated product of the crop residues is subjected to composting treatment, the moisture content of the compost product is adjusted, and then an enzyme-bacteria mixture is added, followed by full fermentation to obtain a fermentation product.

2. A fermentation method for producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of the crop residues is: dividing the crop residues into material A and material B, subjecting the material A to acid leaching, washing and drying in sequence to obtain a premixed material A, subjecting the material B to high-temperature calcination, placing the calcined product in a KMnO4 solution for ultrasonic treatment, and then drying and re-calcining the product after the ultrasonic treatment to obtain a premixed material B.

3. A fermentation method for producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues according to claim 2, characterized in that: The B material accounts for 13-28% of the total amount of crop residues.

4. A fermentation method for producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of the crop residues also includes sequentially subjecting material A to steam explosion and freeze-thaw treatment before acid leaching.

5. A fermentation method for producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the enzyme-bacteria mixture includes, by weight, 10-20 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 3-6 parts of Bacillus laterosporus, 5-8 parts of Flavobacterium spp., 15-20 parts of cellulase, 6-9 parts of xylanase and 8-12 parts of nattokinase.

6. A bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues, characterized in that: The fermentation product obtained by the fermentation method of producing organic fertilizer based on bio-fermentation of crop residues according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is subjected to low-temperature drying and granulation treatment in sequence to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

7. Use of the bio-fermented organic fertilizer based on crop residues as claimed in claim 6 in improving soil nutrients and reducing heavy metals in the soil.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil nutrients specifically refer to organic matter in the soil.

9. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heavy metals include Cu, Zn and Cr.

Images