A cutting mechanism

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of underground tunneling technology, specifically a cutting mechanism and tunneling machine. It includes a right cutting section and a left cutting section. The right cutting section includes: a right cutting head, which is driven to rotate by a right cutting drive to cut and crush coal / rock; and a right cutting fixation, which is used to install the right cutting head and the right cutting drive, and is equipped with a right swing cylinder lug I. The left cutting section has the same structure as the right cutting section. The tails of the right and left cutting sections are mounted on a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism is installed in the middle of a longitudinal swing mechanism and can rotate. The longitudinal swing mechanism is mounted on a support frame. The structural design of the dual cutting mechanism of this invention features an integrated cutting mechanism design, resulting in a small size. The multiple cutting methods (paths) of the dual cutting mechanism can also achieve the shaping of underground tunnels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground tunnel excavation technology, specifically a cutting mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Cantilever roadheaders are the main equipment for underground tunnel development. Currently, the roadheaders used underground include longitudinal shaft, transverse shaft, and drum roadheaders. Drum roadheaders are mostly used for cutting softer coal and rock. Most of the aforementioned roadheaders are single-shaft roadheaders. Longitudinal and transverse shaft roadheaders have poor one-pass tunneling capabilities and require repeated adjustments for cutting. Although drum roadheaders can achieve one-pass tunneling, their cutting capacity is poor, making them suitable only for cutting softer coal and rock. Currently, roadheaders with dual-cutting mechanisms have emerged, but they are mostly simple combinations of two single-shaft roadheaders. Their operating systems are complex, their size is large, and there is a risk of collision between the two cutting arms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cutting mechanism and a tunneling machine.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a cutting mechanism, comprising a right cutting part and a left cutting part; The right truncated section includes: The right cutting head is driven to rotate by the right cutting drive to cut and crush coal / rock. The right cutting fixture is used to install the right cutting head and the right cutting drive, and the right cutting fixture is provided with a right swing cylinder lug I; The left cutting section has the same structure as the right cutting section; The tail ends of the right and left cutting sections are mounted on the rotating mechanism; The rotating mechanism is installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism and can rotate on its own axis; The longitudinal swing mechanism is mounted on the support frame.

[0005] In some embodiments, the tail of the right cutting section is hinged to the rotating mechanism, and a right swing cylinder is also connected between the right cutting section and the rotating mechanism to realize the right cutting section swinging around the hinge point; the left cutting section is hinged to the rotating mechanism, and a left swing cylinder is also connected between the left cutting section and the rotating mechanism to realize the left cutting section swinging around the hinge point.

[0006] In some embodiments, the rotating mechanism includes a columnar stepped shaft with gear teeth in the middle, the stepped shaft being installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism, and the rotating mechanism rotating relative to the longitudinal swing mechanism.

[0007] In some embodiments, the longitudinal swing mechanism includes: Bearing I and bearing II are arranged one in front of the other for mounting a stepped shaft; Two rack cylinders, wherein the cylinder rod of the rack cylinder is a rack, and the two rack cylinders mesh with the gear teeth in the middle of the stepped shaft.

[0008] In some embodiments, a longitudinal lug is provided on the rear side of the top of the support frame, and a longitudinal cylinder connecting rod is provided at the tail of the longitudinal swing mechanism. A longitudinal swing cylinder is connected between the longitudinal lug and the longitudinal cylinder connecting rod, so that the longitudinal swing mechanism swings longitudinally relative to the support frame around the rotating pin under the drive of the longitudinal swing cylinder.

[0009] In some embodiments, a top support is provided on the top of the support frame, the top support including two lateral top supports and one vertical top support, for realizing contraction and expansion support; The lower part of the support frame is equipped with a bottom support, which includes a left support and a right support, used to support the bottom during contraction and expansion.

[0010] A tunneling machine includes a body mounted on a traveling mechanism, a loading mechanism and a cutting mechanism installed at the front end of the body, and a transport mechanism installed at the rear end of the body.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The dual-cutting mechanism of the present invention features an integrated cutting mechanism design, resulting in a small size; 2. The various cutting methods (paths) of the dual cutting mechanism of the present invention can also realize the reshaping of underground roadways; 3. This invention provides the possibility for exploring different cutting methods.

[0012] 4. This invention eliminates the need for traditional dual-section tunneling machines, making it easy to operate; 5. The rack and pinion cylinder of the present invention can provide a stable and reliable cutting force for the cutting mechanism in rotary cutting, and has a small size; 6. The present invention has a large cutting range and can achieve full-section cutting, and the machine body does not need to be repeatedly adjusted; 7. The push-feed method of the present invention reduces damage to the traveling mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunneling machine from the front. Figure 2 This is a top-view schematic diagram of a tunneling machine; Figure 3 Schematic diagram I of the cutting mechanism; Figure 4 Schematic diagram II of the cutting mechanism; Figure 5 This is a top view of the cutting mechanism; Figure 6 This is a sectional view of the longitudinal swing mechanism; Figure 7The tunneling machine swings left and right to cut the material; Figure 8 For tunneling machine pitching and cutting; Figure 9 Rotary cutting (shaping) for tunneling machines. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] like Figure 3 As shown, a cutting mechanism includes a right cutting section 11 and a left cutting section 12; The right cutting portion 11 includes: The right cutting head 1101 is driven to rotate by the right cutting drive 1102 to achieve cutting and crushing of coal / rock; The right cutting fixation 1103 is used to install the right cutting head 1101 and the right cutting drive 1102, and the right cutting fixation 1103 is provided with a right swing cylinder lug seat I 1104. The tail ends of the right cutting section 11 and the left cutting section 12 are mounted on the rotating mechanism 13; The rotating mechanism 13 is installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 and can rotate on its own axis; The longitudinal swing mechanism 16 is mounted on the support frame 17.

[0016] Specifically, the right cutting section 11 includes a right cutting head 1101, a right cutting drive 1102, a right cutting fixation 1103, and a right swing cylinder ear seat I 1104; the left cutting section 12 includes a left cutting head 1201, a left cutting drive 1202, a left cutting fixation 1203, and a left swing cylinder ear seat I 1204; the rotating mechanism 13 includes a right rotating pin 1301, a left rotating pin 1302, a left swing cylinder ear seat II 1303, a right swing cylinder ear seat II 1304, and a stepped shaft 1305 (middle part). (For gear mechanism); the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 includes bearing I 1601, bearing II 1602, rack cylinder 1603, rotating pin 1604, and longitudinal cylinder connecting rod 1605; the support frame 17 includes rotating pin hole 1701, longitudinal lug 1702, pushing lug 1703, shovel lifting lug 1704, and support frame guide 1705; the top support 19 includes side top support 1901 and vertical top support 1902; the bottom support 110 includes left support 11001 and right support 11002.

[0017] The tail of the right cutting section 11 is hinged to the rotating mechanism 13. A right swing cylinder 15 is also connected between the right cutting section 11 and the rotating mechanism 13 to realize the right cutting section 11 swinging around the hinge point. The left cutting section 12 is hinged to the rotating mechanism 13. A left swing cylinder 14 is also connected between the left cutting section 12 and the rotating mechanism 13 to realize the left cutting section 12 swinging around the hinge point.

[0018] The rotating mechanism 13 includes a columnar stepped shaft 1305, the stepped shaft 1305 having gear teeth in the middle, the stepped shaft 1305 being installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16, and the rotating mechanism 13 rotating relative to the longitudinal swing mechanism 16.

[0019] The longitudinal swing mechanism 16 includes: Bearing I 1601 and bearing II 1602 are arranged one after the other for mounting the stepped shaft 1305; Two rack cylinders 1603, wherein the cylinder rod of the rack cylinder 1603 is a rack, and the two rack cylinders 1603 mesh with the gear teeth in the middle of the stepped shaft 1305.

[0020] A longitudinal lug 1702 is provided on the rear side of the top of the support frame 17, and a longitudinal cylinder connecting rod 1605 is provided at the tail of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16. A longitudinal swing cylinder 18 is connected between the longitudinal lug 1702 and the longitudinal cylinder connecting rod 1605, so that the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 swings longitudinally relative to the support frame 17 around the rotating pin 1604 under the drive of the longitudinal swing cylinder 18.

[0021] The top of the support frame 17 is provided with a top support 19, which includes two side top supports 1901 and a vertical top support 1902, for supporting the top during contraction and expansion. The lower part of the support frame 17 is provided with a bottom support 110, which includes a left support 11001 and a right support 11002, used to support the bottom during contraction and expansion.

[0022] Specifically, two cutting sections are located at the front end of the entire cutting mechanism 1, namely the right cutting section 11 and the left cutting section 12. Their structures are similar. The front end of the right cutting section 11 is the right cutting head 1101, which is driven to rotate by the right cutting drive 1102 to cut and crush the coal / rock. The right cutting head 1101 and the right cutting drive 1102 are fixedly connected to the right cutting fixture 1103, and the right cutting fixture 1103 is equipped with a right swing cylinder lug I 1104. Similarly, the front end of the left cutting section 12 is the left cutting head 1201, which is driven to rotate by the left cutting drive 1202 to cut and crush the coal / rock. The left cutting head 1102 and the left cutting drive 1102 are fixedly connected to the right cutting fixture 1103, and the right cutting fixture 1103 is equipped with a right swing cylinder lug I 1104. 202 is fixed to the left cutting fixture 1203, and the left cutting fixture 203 is provided with a left swing cylinder ear seat I 1204; the right cutting part 11 is hinged to the rotation mechanism 13 through the right rotating pin 1301, and the right swing cylinder 15 hinges the right swing cylinder ear seat I 1104 and the right swing cylinder ear seat II 1304, thereby realizing the right cutting part 11 swinging left / right relative to the rotation mechanism 13 around the right rotating pin 1301; similarly, the left cutting part 12 is hinged to the rotation mechanism 13 through the left rotating pin 1302, and the left swing cylinder 14 hinges the left swing cylinder ear seat I 1204 and the left swing cylinder ear seat II 1303, thereby realizing the left cutting part 12 swinging left around the left rotating pin 1302. 02, that is, to realize the left cutting part 12 swinging left / right relative to the rotating mechanism 13; wherein the left swing cylinder ear seat II 1303 is located at the upper part of the rotating mechanism 13, and the right swing cylinder ear seat II 1304 is located in the middle groove of the rotating mechanism 13, thereby realizing the staggered arrangement of the left swing cylinder 14 and the right swing cylinder 15; the rear part of the rotating mechanism 13 is a columnar stepped shaft 1305, and the middle part of the stepped shaft 1305 is designed with gear teeth. The stepped shaft 1305, through the cooperation with the bearing I 1601 and bearing II 1602 arranged in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16, realizes that the rotating mechanism 13 can rotate relative to the longitudinal swing mechanism 16; the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 has two rack cylinders 1603 (that is, the cylinder rod is a rack) arranged inside, and the two The rack and pinion cylinder 1603 meshes with the gear teeth in the middle of the stepped shaft 1305, thereby providing ample power for the rotation mechanism 13 to rotate relative to the longitudinal swing mechanism 16. Rotating pins 1604 are arranged on both sides of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16. The rotating pins 1604 form a rotational fit with the pin holes 1701 on the support frame 17. The longitudinal swing mechanism 16 is equipped with a longitudinal cylinder connecting rod 1605 at the tail. One end of the longitudinal swing cylinder 18 is hinged to the longitudinal lug 1702 on the support frame 17, and the other end is hinged to the longitudinal cylinder connecting rod 1605 of the longitudinal swing mechanism 16, so that the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 swings longitudinally relative to the support frame 17 around the rotating pins 1604 under the drive of the longitudinal swing cylinder 18 (pitch cutting).

[0023] The top of the support frame 17 is provided with a top support 19, which includes two side top supports 1901 and a vertical top support 1902. The main structure of the top support 19 is a hydraulic cylinder support leg structure, which can realize the retraction and extension of the top support. The bottom of the support frame 17 is provided with a bottom support 110, which includes a left support 11001 and a right support 11002. The bottom support 110 is a hydraulic cylinder support leg structure, which can realize the retraction and extension of the bottom support.

[0024] A tunneling machine includes a body 5, which is mounted on a traveling mechanism 7. A loading mechanism 2 and a cutting mechanism 1 are installed at the front end of the body 5, and a transport mechanism 6 is installed at the rear end of the body 5.

[0025] The loading mechanism 2 includes a shovel body 201, a loading star wheel 202, and a loading pin 203; the body 5 includes a body support 501 and a guide groove 502; the transport mechanism 6 includes a transport drive 601 and a transport chain 602.

[0026] The top of the fuselage 5 is connected to the top of the support frame 17, and the bottom of the support frame 17 is hinged to the bottom of the fuselage 5.

[0027] The foremost part of the tunneling machine of this invention is a cutting mechanism 1. One end of the lifting cylinder 3 is hinged to the shovel lifting lug 1704 of the support frame 17 on the cutting mechanism 1, and the other end is hinged to the loading mechanism 2. The loading mechanism 2 is located below the cutting mechanism 1. The loading mechanism 2 is rotatably connected to the transport mechanism 6 through the loading pin 203. Under the action of the lifting cylinder 3, the loading mechanism 3 can rotate relative to the transport mechanism 6 around the loading pin 203, realizing the lifting and lowering of the loading mechanism 2. Two loading star wheels 202 are arranged on the loading mechanism 2. The loading star wheels 202 can rotate to scrape the coal and rock cut by the cutting mechanism 1 onto the transport mechanism 6. The transport mechanism 6 runs through the middle of the machine body 5 and can slide relative to the machine body 5. The transport drive 60 on the transport mechanism 6 1. Drive the transport chain 602 and transport the coal and rock scooped up by the loading mechanism 2 to the rear of the tunneling machine; the body 5 is located behind the cutting mechanism 1. The body 5 is hinged to the pushing lug 1703 on the cutting mechanism 1 through multiple propulsion cylinders 4, and the support frame guide 1705 on the cutting mechanism 1 cooperates with the guide groove 502 of the body 5. Under the drive of the propulsion cylinders 4, the cutting mechanism 1 can move forward relative to the body 5, that is, vertical cutting; the sides of the body 5 are provided with body supports 501. The body supports 501 are hydraulic cylinder outrigger structures, which can provide support for the body 5 when the tunneling machine is cutting; the lower part of the body 5 is fixedly connected to the walking mechanism 7, which provides power for the entire tunneling machine to move. The figure shows a tracked walking mechanism.

[0028] Workflow: The entire tunneling machine enters the roadway to be tunneled via the traveling mechanism 7. When the tunneling machine's cutting mechanism 1 reaches the cutting face, multiple body supports 501 are extended and contact the roadway floor until the traveling mechanism 7 is lifted off the ground. At this time, the top support 9 and bottom support 10 on the tunneling machine's cutting mechanism 1 are extended so that they contact the top and bottom plates respectively. The cutting mechanism is firmly fixed in the working roadway by the hydraulic cylinder and outrigger structure, providing stable cutting support force for the cutting mechanism. The machine body 5 is equipped with the electrical control system and power unit required for the tunneling machine. Starting the tunneling machine's power unit sequentially activates the tunneling machine's transport mechanism 6, loading mechanism 2, and cutting mechanism 1. At this time, the right cutting head 1101 and the left cutting head 1201 of the right cutting section 11 and the left cutting section 12 of the cutting mechanism 1 rotate simultaneously (the rotation direction can be the same or opposite depending on the cutting requirements). The propulsion cylinder 4 extends a certain distance, thereby pushing the cutting mechanism 1 to complete vertical cutting. Subsequently, the cutting mechanism 1 performs cross-sectional expansion cutting. The longitudinal swing cylinder 18 can drive the longitudinal swing mechanism 16 to perform pitching motion, thus achieving longitudinal pitching cutting of the entire mechanism 1. The internal rack and pinion cylinder 6 drives the rotating mechanism 13 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotational cutting of the cutting mechanism 1. The left swing cylinder 14 and the right swing cylinder 15 drive the left cutting part 12 and the right cutting part 11 to swing and cut, respectively, realizing the horizontal swing cutting of the cutting mechanism 1. The left cutting part 12 and the right cutting part 11 are the main rock breaking bodies. They mainly drive the cutting head to rotate in a circular motion (the cutting head can also be a horizontal axis) through the cutting part. Through the above-mentioned longitudinal swing, rotational motion and horizontal swing, the expansion cutting of the tunneling face is realized. The entire cutting mechanism has many degrees of freedom and can realize different combinations of cutting methods. The equipment also has the function of roadway shaping. The coal and rock cut by the cutting mechanism 1 can be transported to the rear of the tunneling machine through the loading mechanism 2 and the transportation mechanism 6. The support frame 17 has a built-in rack and pinion cylinder, which can realize the stable rotational cutting of the entire cutting mechanism. This design is compact and can provide a large rotational cutting force. The vertical feed method is used to reduce the damage to the travel drive caused by the feed reaction force, and the feed provides greater thrust. This completes one cutting cycle. Repeating the above steps allows for the development of underground tunnels.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a right cutting portion (11) and a left cutting portion (12); The right truncated portion (11) includes: The right cutting head (1101) is driven to rotate by the right cutting drive (1102) to achieve cutting and crushing of coal / rock; The right cutting fixture (1103) is used to install the right cutting head (1101) and the right cutting drive (1102), and the right cutting fixture (1103) is provided with a right swing cylinder lug seat I (1104). The left cutting section (12) and the right cutting section (11) have the same structure; The tail ends of the right cutting section (11) and the left cutting section (12) are mounted on the rotating mechanism (13); The rotating mechanism (13) is installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism (16) and can rotate on its own. The longitudinal swing mechanism (16) is mounted on the support frame (17); The tail of the right cutting section (11) is hinged to the rotating mechanism (13), and a right swing cylinder (15) is also connected between the right cutting section (11) and the rotating mechanism (13) to realize the right cutting section (11) swinging around the hinge point; the left cutting section (12) is hinged to the rotating mechanism (13), and a left swing cylinder (14) is also connected between the left cutting section (12) and the rotating mechanism (13) to realize the left cutting section (12) swinging around the hinge point; The rotating mechanism (13) includes a columnar stepped shaft (1305), the stepped shaft (1305) is designed with gear teeth in the middle, the stepped shaft (1305) is installed in the middle of the longitudinal swing mechanism (16), and the rotating mechanism (13) rotates relative to the longitudinal swing mechanism (16). The longitudinal swing mechanism (16) includes: Bearing I (1601) and bearing II (1602) are arranged one in front of the other for mounting a stepped shaft (1305). Two rack cylinders (1603), the cylinder rod of the rack cylinder (1603) is a rack, and the two rack cylinders (1603) mesh with the gear teeth in the middle of the stepped shaft (1305).

2. The cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support frame (17) is provided with a longitudinal lug (1702) on the rear side of the top, and a longitudinal cylinder connecting rod (1605) is provided at the tail of the longitudinal swing mechanism (16). A longitudinal swing cylinder (18) is connected between the longitudinal lug (1702) and the longitudinal cylinder connecting rod (1605) so that the longitudinal swing mechanism (16) swings longitudinally relative to the support frame (17) around the rotating pin (1604) under the drive of the longitudinal swing cylinder (18).

3. The cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the support frame (17) is provided with a top support (19), which includes two side top supports (1901) and a vertical top support (1902) for achieving contraction and expansion support. The lower part of the support frame (17) is provided with a bottom support (110), which includes a left support (11001) and a right support (11002) for supporting the bottom during contraction and expansion.

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