Dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a dielectric resonator antenna, which comprises a bottom plate and a dielectric block arranged on the bottom plate, the dielectric block comprises a first part of a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid structure, and the lower bottom surface of the first part is arranged at the center of the bottom plate to form a dielectric resonator; the dielectric block further comprises a second part of a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid structure; the upper bottom surface of the second part is overlapped with the upper bottom surface of the first part; the side length of the lower bottom surface of the second part is larger than that of the first part, and the height of the second part is smaller than that of the first part; the lower bottom surface of the second part is provided with a resonant tank recessed towards the first part, and the resonant tank is of a cube structure. The antenna can be applied to the S wave band, and ultra wide band and light weight are realized at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a dielectric resonator antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of miniaturization and integration of communication systems, the system has put forward higher requirements for antenna performance. The working wavelength of the antenna matches the electrical size of the antenna. Therefore, in the miniaturized and integrated S-band communication system, most of the existing metal antennas have the following shortcomings: the antenna used in the S-band communication system is relatively large, the antenna radiation efficiency is low, and the antenna made of metal materials is easy to couple with other electronic devices in the system, thereby causing electromagnetic interference.

[0003] These technical shortcomings are limited by the performance limits of traditional metal antenna forms. Therefore, designing a weak metal material antenna, such as a non-metal material antenna, can help solve the above technical problems. Among the weak metal material antennas, the more mature antenna form is the dielectric resonator antenna.

[0004] In the prior art, with the rapid development of electronic ceramic materials, dielectric resonators made of dielectric ceramic materials are used as electromagnetic radiation devices, and people pay attention to the ability to use dielectric resonators as antennas. Dielectric resonator antennas are made of dielectric ceramics such as alumina, zirconium oxide, etc., and have significant weak metallic characteristics, which can greatly reduce mutual interference with other electronic devices in electronic systems, such as the classic square dielectric resonator antenna.

[0005] However, most of the existing dielectric resonator antennas are designed to work in higher frequency bands such as X-band and Ku-band. It is quite difficult to apply dielectric resonator antennas in S-band communication systems, that is, to design them in lower frequency bands such as S-band while meeting the requirements of small size, light weight, and ultra-wideband. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a dielectric resonator antenna that can be applied to the S band and achieve ultra-wideband and lightweight in response to the above technical problems.

[0007] A dielectric resonator antenna comprises: a bottom plate and a dielectric block arranged on the bottom plate; The dielectric block comprises a first part in a regular quadrangular pyramid structure, wherein the lower bottom surface of the first part is arranged at the center of the bottom plate to form a dielectric resonator.

[0008] In one embodiment, the dielectric block further comprises: a second portion in a regular tetrahedral structure; The upper bottom surface of the second part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part.

[0009] In one embodiment, the side length of the lower bottom surface of the second portion is greater than the side length of the lower bottom surface of the first portion, and the height of the second portion is less than the height of the first portion.

[0010] In one embodiment, a resonance groove recessed toward the first part is provided on the lower bottom surface of the second part, and the resonance groove is a cubic structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the dielectric block further comprises: a third portion in a right quadrangular prism structure; One bottom surface of the third part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part, and another bottom surface of the third part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the second part; The third part is a hollow shell structure for introducing air medium to form an air resonator. In one embodiment, an air groove is provided on one side of the third portion; The air slot is a rectangular strip structure whose length direction is parallel to the bottom plate, and the air slot is arranged at a position where the field strength is the weakest in the electric field formed by the third part.

[0012] In one embodiment, the base plate includes: a dielectric plate, a floor plate arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and a microstrip line arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate; The floor is provided with a coupling groove to produce a coupling effect with the dielectric block.

[0013] In one embodiment, the coupling slot is a rectangular strip structure, and the length direction of the coupling slot is parallel to the length direction of the air slot.

[0014] In one embodiment, the microstrip line is a rectangular strip structure, and the length direction of the microstrip line is perpendicular to the length direction of the coupling slot.

[0015] In one embodiment, the dielectric block is made of alumina ceramic material with a purity of 95%.

[0016] The above-mentioned dielectric resonator antenna is an ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna used in the S band. It can operate in the low frequency band and solve the electromagnetic crosstalk problem faced by the antenna in the system while meeting the performance of small size, light weight, ultra-wideband, high gain, wide beam, etc. of the S-band communication system antenna. It is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference from other electronic equipment or the surrounding environment when radiating electromagnetic signals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Figure 2 A top view of a bottom plate of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Figure 3 A bottom view of a bottom plate of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Figure 4 An electric field intensity distribution diagram of a dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment before an air slot is provided at 2.4 GHz; Figure 5 is a diagram showing the electric field intensity distribution of a dielectric resonator antenna in an embodiment after an air slot is provided at 2.4 GHz; Figure 6 A front dimensional diagram of a dielectric block of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Figure 7 A side-view dimension diagram of a dielectric block of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Figure 8 A top-down dimension diagram of a dielectric block of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig. 9 A top-down dimension diagram of a bottom plate of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig.10 A bottom-view dimensional diagram of a bottom plate of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig.11 is a perspective dimension diagram of a bottom plate of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig.12 is a diagram of S11 simulation results of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig.13 is a gain diagram of a dielectric resonator antenna in one embodiment; Fig.14 is a gain pattern of a dielectric resonator antenna at 2.2 GHz in one embodiment; Fig.15 FIG. 4 is a gain pattern of a dielectric resonator antenna at 2.6 GHz in one embodiment.

[0018] Reference numerals: Bottom plate 1, dielectric plate 11, floor 12, microstrip line 13, coupling slot 14; Dielectric block 2, first part 21, second part 22, third part 23, resonance slot 24, air slot 25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0021] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0024] The present application provides a dielectric resonator antenna, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a base plate and a dielectric block. The bottom plate is a bearing component, providing a bearing space for the medium block.

[0025] The dielectric block is a resonant component and generates a resonant mode as a dielectric resonator.

[0026] The dielectric block is arranged on the bottom plate, and comprises a first part. The first part is in a regular quadrangular pyramid structure, and the lower bottom surface of the first part is arranged at the center of the bottom plate to form a dielectric resonator, thereby expanding the bandwidth of the antenna and realizing an ultra-wideband antenna.

[0027] In one embodiment, the dielectric block further includes: a second part, that is, the dielectric block includes: a first part and a second part. The second part is a regular quadrangular pyramid structure, and the upper bottom surface of the second part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part. The addition of the second part enables the dielectric block to form a structure with a concave middle portion, which can further increase the bandwidth and the beam width based on the first part.

[0028] Preferably, the side length of the lower bottom surface of the second portion is greater than the side length of the lower bottom surface of the first portion, and the height of the second portion is less than the height of the first portion, so as to further increase the bandwidth.

[0029] Further preferably, a resonance groove recessed toward the first part is provided on the lower bottom surface of the second part, and the resonance groove is a cube structure to change the electric field distribution of the second part, further improve the bandwidth, and reduce the weight of the antenna, thereby achieving lightweight antenna. In addition, the resonance groove can also serve as a guide for assembly to prevent installation errors between the first part and the second part.

[0030] In one embodiment, the dielectric block further includes: a third part, that is, the dielectric block includes: a first part, a second part and a third part. The third part is a right quadrangular prism structure, one bottom surface coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part, and the other bottom surface coincides with the upper bottom surface of the second part; the third part is a hollow shell structure to introduce air medium and form an air resonator, which reduces the average dielectric constant of the dielectric block as a whole, so that the resonant frequency is distributed in a wider range, thereby changing the resonance mode and expanding the bandwidth. The addition of the third part enables the antenna to form three stacked resonant cavities, generating multiple different resonant frequencies, which are similar (adjacent and / or overlapping frequency bands), and can be merged to further improve the bandwidth on the basis of the first part and the second part, so that the energy transmission of the three layers is more compact and the gain is improved. At the same time, the distribution of the dielectric resonators with narrow middle and wide sides makes the antenna have the characteristics of a wide beam, a wider directional pattern, a wider coverage area, and a wider radiation area of ​​electromagnetic waves. In addition, the weight of the antenna is reduced, further realizing the lightweight of the antenna.

[0031] Preferably, an air groove is provided on one side of the third part; the air groove is a rectangular strip structure whose length direction is parallel to the bottom plate, and the air groove is provided at the position where the field intensity is weakest in the electric field formed by the corresponding third part, so as to ensure the electric field strength and enable the strong electric field of the third part to extend and distribute in the direction of the first part and the direction of the second part, promote coupling degeneration between multiple resonant modes, thereby changing the resonance mode and further expanding the bandwidth without affecting the antenna gain.

[0032] Further preferably, the four corners of the air groove have equal chamfered angles, the air groove is axially symmetrically distributed about the symmetry axis in the vertical direction of the side surface, and the air groove is arranged on the side surface close to the second part, so that the air groove is arranged along the distribution direction of the weak electric field, further changing the resonance mode and facilitating processing.

[0033] like Figure 4 The electric field strength distribution diagram of the antenna before the air slot is opened at 2.4GHz is shown in the figure. Figure 5 The electric field strength distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 1 after an air slot is opened at 2.4 GHz, it can be seen that before the air slot is opened, two electric field extreme points are generated in the second part, and the distribution directions are perpendicular to each other. After the air slot is opened, the electric field of the third part extends more toward the first part and the second part, thus giving the antenna high gain performance.

[0034] In one embodiment, the bottom plate includes: a dielectric plate, a floor, and a microstrip line. The dielectric plate provides a supporting substrate for the floor and the microstrip line; the floor is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and is a fully covered floor to support the dielectric block, and a coupling slot is arranged on the floor to connect and couple with the dielectric block, that is, to abut against the dielectric block and produce a coupling effect, and guide the energy of the feed to the dielectric block, which is equivalent to a magnetic current element to excite the dielectric block to resonate; the microstrip line is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the dielectric plate, and the microstrip line is a rectangular strip structure, and the length direction of the microstrip line is perpendicular to the length direction of the coupling slot, so as to ensure the effect of exciting the coupling slot, so that the coupling slot is effectively equivalent to a magnetic current element, thereby further exciting the dielectric block to resonate effectively.

[0035] Preferably, the coupling slot is a rectangular strip structure whose center coincides with the center of the dielectric plate, and the length direction of the coupling slot is parallel to the length direction of the air slot to match the distribution of the electric field and achieve ultra-wideband.

[0036] Further preferably, one end of the microstrip line is vertically connected to the midpoint of one side of the dielectric plate, and the other end continues to extend through the midpoint of the dielectric substrate.

[0037] In one embodiment, the dielectric block is made of alumina ceramic material with a purity of 95%, that is, the resonators formed by the first part, the second part and the third part are made of the same alumina ceramic material. The dielectric ceramic material has a high dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant of 9.7) and low loss. As an undesirable electric wall or magnetic wall, when electromagnetic waves are incident thereon, when the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is appropriate, that is, when subjected to specific electromagnetic excitation, electromagnetic resonance at the corresponding frequency will occur; at the same time, the alumina ceramic material has significant weak metallic characteristics, so it is not easily affected by surrounding electromagnetic interference when radiating electromagnetic signals; in addition, the entire dielectric block uses the same material to achieve ultra-wideband. Compared with the prior art that uses different media to achieve ultra-wideband, the present application has low processing difficulty, low cost, and higher convenience and operability.

[0038] The working process of the present application is as follows: the signal enters the floor through the microstrip line, is coupled with the dielectric block through the coupling slot, passes through the first part, the third part and the second part in sequence, and then radiates out.

[0039] The above-mentioned dielectric resonator antenna is an ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna used in the S band. It can operate in the low frequency band and solve the electromagnetic crosstalk problem faced by the antenna in the system while meeting the performance of small size, light weight, ultra-wideband, high gain, wide beam, etc. of the S-band communication system antenna. It is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference from other electronic equipment or the surrounding environment when radiating electromagnetic signals.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the antenna weighs only 130.1 g, the dielectric block is made of 95% pure alumina ceramic material, the dielectric plate of the bottom plate is made of Rogers RT5880 material with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, and the floor of the bottom plate is made of copper material.

[0041] like Figures 6 to 11 As shown, the size parameters are: The length of the bottom of the first part l d =34mm, bottom width of the first part w d =34mm, side length of the first part p d =13.15mm; The length of the lower base of the second part l u =35mm, bottom width of the second part w u =35mm, side length of the second part p u =5mm; Bottom length of the third part l m=24mm, bottom width of the third part w m =24mm, height of the third part h m =22mm; The length of the resonance tank l n =5mm, the width of the resonant slot w n =5mm, the depth of the resonance groove is 5mm; Length of air slot l r =12mm, width of air slot w r =5mm, the fillet radius is 1.5mm, and the distance between the midpoint of the air slot and the floor is 22.5mm; Length of dielectric board L =70mm, the width of the dielectric plate W =70mm, the thickness of the dielectric plate is 1.52mm; Length of coupling slot l a =20mm, width of coupling slot w a =4mm; The length of the microstrip line l s =45.5mm, the width of the microstrip line w s =4.6mm, the length of the microstrip line beyond the coupling slot s =8.5mm.

[0042] like Fig.12 The antenna design simulation results shown in the figure show that the antenna S11<-10dB bandwidth is 1.972~3.028GHz, belonging to the S band, and the relative bandwidth reaches 42.24%, which is much larger than the relative bandwidth of more than 25% in the prior art (how to calculate the relative bandwidth belongs to the prior art and will not be repeated here), which is the standard of an ultra-wideband antenna and has ultra-wideband performance.

[0043] Fig.13 This is the antenna gain curve. It can be seen that the antenna is greater than 6dBi within the working frequency band and can reach up to 7dBi, which has a high gain characteristic.

[0044] Fig.14 and Fig.15 They are the gain radiation patterns of the antenna at 2.2GHz and 2.6GHz respectively. The 3dB beamwidth exceeds 80°, which has wide beam performance.

[0045] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0046] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0047] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that: include: A bottom plate and a dielectric block disposed on the bottom plate; The dielectric block comprises a first part in a regular quadrangular pyramid structure, wherein the lower bottom surface of the first part is arranged at the center of the bottom plate to form a dielectric resonator.

2. A dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric block further comprises: a second portion in a regular tetrahedral structure; The upper bottom surface of the second part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part.

3. A dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side length of the lower bottom surface of the second portion is greater than the side length of the lower bottom surface of the first portion, and the height of the second portion is less than the height of the first portion.

4. A dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: A resonance groove is provided on the lower bottom surface of the second part and is recessed toward the first part. The resonance groove is a cubic structure.

5. A dielectric resonator antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The dielectric block further comprises: a third portion in the form of a right quadrangular prism structure; One bottom surface of the third part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the first part, and another bottom surface of the third part coincides with the upper bottom surface of the second part; The third part is a hollow shell structure for introducing air medium to form an air resonator.

6. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air groove is provided on one side of the third part; The air slot is a rectangular strip structure whose length direction is parallel to the bottom plate, and the air slot is arranged at a position where the field strength is the weakest in the electric field formed by the third part.

7. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom plate comprises: a dielectric plate, a floor plate arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric plate, and a microstrip line arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric plate; The floor is provided with a coupling groove to produce a coupling effect with the dielectric block.

8. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The coupling slot is a rectangular strip structure, and the length direction of the coupling slot is parallel to the length direction of the air slot.

9. The dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The microstrip line is a rectangular strip structure, and the length direction of the microstrip line is perpendicular to the length direction of the coupling slot.

10. The dielectric resonator antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The dielectric block is made of alumina ceramic material with a purity of 95%.

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