Fan-shaped dipole antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a fan-shaped dipole antenna, which comprises a rectangular dielectric layer and a radiation layer arranged on the dielectric layer, the radiation layer comprises two fan-shaped radiation patches which are distributed in an axial symmetry manner relative to any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, and the two radiation patches are used as two oscillators of the dipole antenna; the two radiation patches are arranged at an interval, and the feed structure is loaded in the interval between the two radiation patches; the central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is an acute angle. The bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna can be expanded, and the ultra-wideband antenna is simple in structure and convenient to process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a sector dipole antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of informatization, the information environment is becoming increasingly complex, and both parties in communication are using a wide range of spectrum resources for communication, radar detection, electronic countermeasures, etc. This requires that the communication system not only has strong anti-interference capabilities, but also needs to be able to flexibly switch between different frequency bands to ensure the concealment and reliability of communication.

[0003] Ultra-wideband antennas are ideal for meeting these needs because they can operate over a very wide spectrum. They can not only support multi-band and multi-mode communications, but also be compatible with a variety of scenarios such as data links, satellite communications, electronic countermeasures, target detection and positioning, etc.

[0004] In existing technologies, ultra-wideband antennas can achieve wide-band coverage in a single antenna, greatly simplifying the antenna design of the vehicle platform, reducing the number of antennas and system complexity, thereby freeing up more space in the vehicle to accommodate other key equipment.

[0005] However, the bandwidth of current ultra-wideband antennas still has room for expansion, and the antenna structure is complex and inconvenient to process. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a fan-shaped dipole antenna to address the above technical problems, which can expand the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna and has a simple structure and is easy to process.

[0007] A sector dipole antenna comprises: a rectangular dielectric layer and a radiation layer arranged on the dielectric layer; The radiation layer comprises: two fan-shaped radiation patches which are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, serving as two oscillators of a dipole antenna; The two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and a feeding structure is loaded in the interval between the two radiation patches.

[0008] In one embodiment, the central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is an acute angle.

[0009] In one embodiment, the central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is 75°.

[0010] In one embodiment, a group of first grooves is provided on the radiation patch along the direction of each straight line, and two groups of first grooves on the same radiation patch are axially symmetrically distributed.

[0011] In one embodiment, all first grooves in the same group are distributed in an array with equal intervals, and sizes of all first grooves are exactly the same. In one embodiment, the first grooves are rectangular structures, all short sides of the same group of first grooves are collinear, and the straight lines on which all the short sides are located are not parallel to adjacent fan-shaped straight lines.

[0012] In one embodiment, the long side dimension of the first groove is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the central frequency of the electromagnetic wave.

[0013] In one embodiment, a second groove is provided on the arc line of the radiation patch.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second groove is arranged at the midpoint of the arc.

[0015] In one embodiment, the areas of the two second grooves are the same.

[0016] The above-mentioned sector dipole antenna is equipped with a sector-shaped radiation patch as an oscillator. The oscillation generated conforms to the radiation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, can expand the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna, and at the same time realizes ultra-wide frequency band, omnidirectional pattern and miniaturization. It has the characteristics of strong concealment and can perform high performance in harsh environments. It is particularly suitable for target reconnaissance and direction finding of vehicle-mounted antennas on modern vehicles. Whether in rapid maneuvers or in environments with severe electromagnetic interference, it can maintain stable communication and detection capabilities, can meet the real-time, multi-functional, strong and anti-interference communication needs in complex communication environments, and can cope with the increasingly fierce challenges of electromagnetic spectrum competition in the future. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sector dipole antenna in one embodiment; Figure 2 is a dimension diagram of a sector dipole antenna in one embodiment; Figure 3 is a simulation S11 result diagram of a sector dipole antenna in one embodiment; Figure 4 is a simulated radiation pattern of a sector dipole antenna at 1500 MHz in one embodiment; Figure 5 is a simulated radiation pattern of a sector dipole antenna at 2500 MHz in one embodiment; Figure 6 is a simulated radiation pattern of a sector dipole antenna at 3500 MHz in one embodiment; Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a simulated radiation pattern of a sector dipole antenna at 4500 MHz in one embodiment.

[0018] Reference numerals: Dielectric layer 1; Radiation layer 2, radiation patch 21, first groove 22, second groove 23. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0021] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0024] The present application provides a sector dipole antenna, such as Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, it includes: a dielectric layer and a radiation layer. The dielectric layer provides bearing and support for the radiation layer, is made of non-metallic material, and has a rectangular structure.

[0025] The radiation layer is arranged on the dielectric layer, and includes: two radiation patches; both of the two radiation patches are fan-shaped structures and are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, so as to serve as two oscillators of a dipole antenna; the two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and a feeding structure is loaded in the interval between the two radiation patches.

[0026] Preferably, the central angle of the fan-shaped circle on the radiation patch is an acute angle to prevent the bandwidth from moving toward the high frequency direction, balance the bandwidth of the low frequency and the high frequency, further expand the working bandwidth, and achieve miniaturization.

[0027] Further preferably, the central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is 75°, so as to expand the frequency range multiples of the antenna bandwidth and further expand the antenna bandwidth.

[0028] In another embodiment, a group of first grooves are provided on the radiation patch along the direction of each straight line, and two groups of first grooves on the same radiation patch are axially symmetrically distributed so that the flow of current conforms to the radiation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, and the current path is extended, the electrical size of the antenna is increased, thereby reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna, and the operating frequency band of the antenna moves toward a low frequency, achieving a wider operating bandwidth, and further realizing the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0029] Preferably, all the first grooves in the same group are distributed in an array with equal intervals, and the sizes of all the first grooves are exactly the same, so as to increase the resonance depth. Further preferably, the first grooves are of a rectangular structure, all short sides of the same group of first grooves are collinear, and the straight lines on which all the short sides are located are not parallel to adjacent fan-shaped straight lines, so as to reduce the S11 value and achieve better impedance matching.

[0030] Further preferably, the angle between the straight line where all short sides of the first grooves in the same group are located and the adjacent fan-shaped straight line is 35°, and the number of first grooves in the same group is R / 10-2, where R is the radius of the fan, so as to further reduce the S11 value and achieve better impedance matching.

[0031] Further preferably, the long side dimension of the first groove is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave, that is, the length of the first groove satisfies the peak or bottom of the sine wave, so as to improve the adaptability to the radiation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, improve the propagation efficiency of the electromagnetic wave, expand the range of ultra-wideband, and ensure that other performance is not affected while achieving ultra-wideband.

[0032] In yet another embodiment, a second groove is provided on the arc line of the radiation patch so that the antenna can be better matched and the resonance depth can be increased.

[0033] Preferably, the second groove is arranged at the midpoint of the arc to ensure the omnidirectionality and impedance matching of the directional pattern.

[0034] Further preferably, the two second grooves are axially symmetrically distributed and have the same area, so as to further increase the resonance depth.

[0035] In this embodiment, an alternating current is fed in between two radiation patches and oscillates back and forth between the two conductor elements of the antenna, resulting in the formation of an oscillating electric and magnetic field on the antenna. These electric and magnetic fields are radiated in the form of electromagnetic waves to transmit wireless signals.

[0036] The above-mentioned sector dipole antenna is equipped with a sector-shaped radiation patch as an oscillator. The oscillation generated conforms to the radiation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, can expand the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna, and at the same time realizes ultra-wide frequency band, omnidirectional pattern and miniaturization. It has the characteristics of strong concealment and can perform high performance in harsh environments. It is particularly suitable for target reconnaissance and direction finding of vehicle-mounted antennas on modern vehicles. Whether in rapid maneuvers or in environments with severe electromagnetic interference, it can maintain stable communication and detection capabilities, can meet the real-time, multi-functional, strong and anti-interference communication needs in complex communication environments, and can cope with the increasingly fierce challenges of electromagnetic spectrum competition in the future.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the material used for the dielectric layer is Rogers 5880, whose dielectric constant is 2.2. The length of the dielectric layer is 195mm, the width is 120mm, and the thickness is 1mm. In the radiation layer, the radius of the sector is 88.46mm, the opening angle is 75°, the first groove is a rectangular structure, 15mm long, 3.75mm wide, and the distance between the two first grooves is 5.63mm. The second groove is a rectangular structure, 11.32mm long, 11.25mm wide. The two radiation patches are connected by a rectangular auxiliary patch with a size of 1.88mm×1.22mm. The distance between the two radiation patches is 3mm, so as to load the SMA coaxial connector to feed the antenna. The specific size diagram is as follows Figure 2 shown.

[0038] Figure 3 The simulation S11 result diagram of the antenna shows that the S11 of the antenna is less than -10dB in the range of 1072MHz-5538MHz. The operating bandwidth is extremely wide, reaching more than five times the frequency band. The maximum resonance depth reaches about -50dB, and the relative bandwidth is 135%.

[0039] Figures 4 to 7 The simulated radiation patterns of the antenna at different frequencies show that the maximum gain of the antenna radiation pattern at 1500MHz is 3.79dBi, and the efficiency is 91.4%; the maximum gain at 2500MHz is 3.59dBi, and the efficiency is 98%; the maximum gain at 3500MHz is 4.84dBi, and the efficiency is 96.8%; the maximum gain at 4500MHz is 5.11dBi, and the efficiency is 93.1%.

[0040] In summary, the antenna of this application designs a fan-shaped radiation patch as the main body of the radiation patch, and designs the first groove and the second groove. The working frequency band of the antenna is 1072MHz-5538MHz, reaching more than five times the frequency band, and the relative bandwidth is 135%, achieving an ultra-wide working bandwidth; at the same time, the maximum gain of the antenna is about 5.11dBi, and the efficiency is more than 90%; in addition, the size of the antenna is 195mm×120mm×1mm, achieving miniaturization. The comprehensive results show that the antenna of this application has excellent performance and simple manufacturing, and has extremely high application potential in vehicle-mounted multi-band applications.

[0041] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0042] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0043] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A sector dipole antenna, characterized in that: include: A rectangular dielectric layer and a radiation layer arranged on the dielectric layer; The radiation layer comprises: two fan-shaped radiation patches which are axially symmetrically distributed about any symmetry axis of the dielectric layer, serving as two oscillators of a dipole antenna; The two radiation patches are arranged at intervals, and a feeding structure is loaded in the interval between the two radiation patches.

2. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is an acute angle.

3. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central angle of the sector on the radiation patch is 75°.

4. A sector dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A group of first grooves is arranged on the radiation patch along the direction of each straight line, and two groups of first grooves on the same radiation patch are distributed in an axisymmetric manner.

5. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: All the first grooves in the same group are distributed in an array with equal intervals, and the sizes of all the first grooves are exactly the same.

6. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first grooves are of rectangular structure, all short sides of the first grooves in the same group are collinear, and the straight lines on which all the short sides are located are not parallel to the adjacent fan-shaped straight lines.

7. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The long side dimension of the first groove is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the central frequency of the electromagnetic wave.

8. A sector dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A second groove is arranged on the arc line of the radiation patch.

9. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second groove is arranged at the midpoint of the arc.

10. A sector dipole antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The two second grooves have the same area.

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