A method and application of atomized silicone oil-assisted laser construction of a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface assisted by atomized silicone oil and its application, which comprises the following steps: polishing and cleaning the surface of a sample; finely atomizing silicone oil with specific viscosity, density and surface tension parameters through a micro-lubrication device, controlling parameters such as gas and liquid flow, inlet pressure, etc., to ensure that the silicone oil evenly and fully covers the surface of the sample; setting parameters of a laser and outputting a laser to etch the surface of the sample; cleaning the processed sample, and performing wettability and adhesion tests on the surface of the sample. The prepared surface has high-adhesion super-hydrophobicity. The preparation method is simple to operate and easy to implement through the atomized silicone oil technology; it has no health impact on operators; the processing efficiency is high and the processing quality is good, and it has economic benefits; compared with the super-hydrophobic-super-hydrophilic surface prepared by traditional secondary laser, the prepared high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface can not only be used for conveying liquids, but also, due to its high adhesion, simultaneously achieves a slow flow effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wettability and adhesive surface preparation, and in particular to a method and application of atomized silicone oil-assisted laser construction of a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface. Background Art

[0002] Inspired by rose petals and gecko feet, highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide due to their promising applications in lossless droplet manipulation, rapid biological and chemical analysis, and surface tension-driven droplet transport. While considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces, challenges remain in developing satisfactory fabrication techniques. To date, several processes for fabricating highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces have been established.

[0003] The Korean invention patent with publication number KR20230056232A discloses a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic metal surface, using a selective laser melting type metal 3D printer to form a super-hydrophobic pattern, applying silicone oil to the surface, and finally heat-treating to obtain a super-hydrophobic surface. The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN114558764A discloses a method for preparing an efficient super-hydrophobic surface, which utilizes a laser beam to process a micro-nano structure on the substrate surface, drips a mixed solution of silicone oil and isopropyl alcohol on the substrate surface, and finally performs low-temperature heat treatment to prepare a super-hydrophobic surface. These methods utilize silicone oil to treat the surface and perform heat treatment, and the preparation process is simple, green and efficient, but the surface function obtained is single, only possessing super-hydrophobicity and no high adhesion.

[0004] Publication number CN114457338A Chinese invention patent discloses a super-high adhesion super-hydrophobic brass surface, which uses a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ammonium persulfate for chemical etching, undergoes constant high temperature heat treatment for 1h, uses a low surface energy solution to modify the surface, and finally performs constant temperature drying for 1h to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface. Publication number CN113463159A Chinese invention patent discloses a high wear-resistant rose petal effect titanium alloy surface preparation method, which uses micro-arc oxidation and boronization treatment to form a microstructure, completes low surface energy modification through electrophoretic deposition and fluorination treatment, and obtains a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface. Publication number WO2011078625A2 Korean invention patent discloses a method for treating aluminum surfaces to adjust the adhesion properties of water droplets, forms a microstructure by gradually controlling the anodic oxidation technology, and then modifies the surface so that the surface has super-hydrophobicity and adhesion. These methods can prepare super-hydrophobic surfaces with high adhesion, and the preparation process is relatively complex and requires high professionalism of the operator. In addition, some methods use chemicals that may be harmful to operators and the environment.

[0005] Therefore, a simple, green, low-cost and efficient method is urgently needed to prepare highly adhesive super-hydrophobic surfaces. This patent proposes a method for constructing highly adhesive super-hydrophobic surfaces with the assistance of atomized silicone oil and laser. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems of complex process, low processing efficiency and environmental pollution in preparing high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surfaces, the method of atomized silicone oil-assisted laser construction of high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surfaces in the present invention is proposed.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil, which comprises:

[0008] S1: Grinding pretreatment of the sample surface;

[0009] S2: Treat the sample with atomized silicone oil;

[0010] S3: laser etching the sample;

[0011] S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface with the aid of atomized silicone oil by laser, the sample surface is polished and pre-treated, including:

[0013] The surface of the sample with the size of U×W is polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through the grinding machine;

[0014] Place the sample in a glass dish, add anhydrous ethanol, and then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the cleaning time to t1;

[0015] After cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the sample surface for time t2.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil according to the present invention, the atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample comprises:

[0017] S21: Put silicone oil with viscosity η, density ρ and surface tension σ into the oil tank of the minimal lubrication device, fix the sample, select a round nozzle with a diameter of A, and adjust the distance between the nozzle and the surface of the sample to L;

[0018] Set the inlet pressure P of the minimal lubrication device a , liquid flow rate Q1 and air flow rate Q2, according to the following formula, the average diameter D of the atomized droplets is obtained.

[0019]

[0020] Where K is the scaling factor and n is the exponential parameter.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil according to the present invention, the atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample further comprises:

[0022] S22: Turn on the switch of the minimal lubrication device to perform atomized silicone oil treatment for a time of t3;

[0023] The spray field was captured using a high-speed camera, and the contours of the atomized droplets were analyzed using image processing software to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil according to the present invention, the atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample further comprises:

[0025] S23: According to the following formula, the velocity v0 of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle, the Weber number We, the Reynolds number Re, and the capillary number Ca are obtained to measure the atomization effect;

[0026]

[0027] Where Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil according to the present invention, the atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample further comprises:

[0029] S24: Determine the size of We, Re, and Ca based on the calculation results;

[0030] If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the atomized droplets are easy to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface; otherwise, the atomized droplets are stable and difficult to break, forming a rounded shape on the surface, slowly depositing, and spreading limitedly.

[0031] As a preferred solution of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface with the aid of atomized silicone oil by laser, the sample is subjected to laser etching, including:

[0032] S31: Turn on the laser switch, set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller as the processing pattern, and set the processing pattern size to U×W; and

[0033] Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to P, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and,

[0034] Place the sample in the processing area and click the marking button to perform laser etching to prepare the surface microstructure.

[0035] S32: Rinse the laser-processed sample surface with deionized water to remove most of the silicone oil and residue on the surface. Then, place the sample in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol, and then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner. Set the cleaning time to t4. After cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the sample surface for time t2.

[0036] S33: Perform a wettability test on the cleaned sample, and use a contact angle meter to measure the static contact angle θ of the sample surface.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil according to the present invention, the method comprises: determining the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface,

[0038] S41: Determine the size of the static contact angle θ;

[0039] If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning distance d in S31 are reduced to improve the hydrophobicity;

[0040] If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface with the aid of atomized silicone oil laser, the method further comprises: determining the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the sample surface;

[0042] S42: Conduct adhesion test on the sample, measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface, and measure the two different contact angles formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely the advancing contact angle θ A and receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ;

[0043] S43: Determine the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; and

[0044] If Δθ<30°, repeat the operation process of S21 to S42, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil is increased in S21 to improve the adhesion; and

[0045] If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

[0046] One of the beneficial effects of the present invention is that by providing a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil, it is only necessary to perform a simple atomized silicone oil pretreatment on the sample surface and then perform laser etching to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface. The operation is simple and easy to implement. In addition, the silicone oil used is polydimethylsiloxane, which is a non-toxic and odorless item and has no health impact on the operator. Only a short period of atomized silicone oil treatment is required, and the processing efficiency is high and the processing quality is good, which has economic benefits. Moreover, through this preparation method, the surface can be customized and modified. Compared with the surface prepared by the silicone oil heat treatment method which only has hydrophobicity, by selectively performing laser treatment on the atomized silicone oil surface, a hydrophobic-hydrophilic coexistence surface can be achieved. In addition, compared with the traditional secondary laser-prepared super-hydrophobic-super-hydrophilic surface, the prepared high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface can not only be used for liquid transportation, but also, due to its high adhesion, simultaneously achieves a slow flow effect.

[0047] In view of the use of the above-mentioned sample surface, the application of the method of atomized silicone oil assisted laser construction of a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface in the present invention is proposed.

[0048] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an application of a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil, which includes implementing a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface, which is applied to droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection projects.

[0049] Another beneficial effect of the present invention:

[0050] 1. High-adhesion superhydrophobic surfaces can be used to precisely control the transport of droplets. By creating a specific wettability pattern on the surface, the path of the droplets on the surface can be designed to achieve directional movement of the droplets. This property is very useful in microfluidics and laboratory chip technology, and can be used to precisely control the transport of droplets during chemical reactions and biological detection processes. For example, the use of anisotropic superhydrophobic surfaces can achieve anisotropic flow of droplets. By controlling the distribution of surface microstructures, droplet transport in a specific direction can be achieved, which has potential application value in chemical production and research.

[0051] 2. In the field of drug delivery, superhydrophobic surfaces can be used as drug carriers, controlling drug release through external stimuli (such as ultrasound and temperature changes). For example, superhydrophobic titanium oxide nanotube arrays can be used as drug reservoirs, and ultrasound can be used as a trigger for drug release, achieving on-demand drug release. This intelligent responsive surface provides a new platform for drug delivery, which can be used to control protein adsorption and maintain bacterial growth, and can also become a platform for drug delivery devices and diagnostic tools.

[0052] 3. Highly adhesive superhydrophobic surfaces can be applied to fog collection. By simulating the droplet collection mechanism in nature, such as the superslippery surface of pitcher plants, efficient fog water collection materials can be developed. These materials can use their superhydrophobic properties to promote the formation and shedding of droplets, achieving efficient water collection from fog. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil in the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the minimal lubrication device in the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the comparison of the atomization effects in the present invention

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the laser structure in the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the laser scanning path in the present invention.

[0059] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of contact angle hysteresis measurement of the high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface in the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the static contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of the three surfaces in the present invention.

[0061] Figure 8 These are X-ray diffraction analysis images of three surfaces in the present invention.

[0062] Figure 9 These are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis images of the three surfaces in the present invention.

[0063] In the figure: 100, sample; 200, minimal lubrication device; 201, oil tank; 202, nozzle; 203, air inlet; 204, pressure gauge; 205, pressure knob; 206, filter copper core; 207, frequency generator; 208, gas diverter; 209, combinable pump; 210, air flow control valve; 211, liquid flow knob; 300, test water droplet; 400, laser; 401, computer controller; 402, focusing lens; 403, reflector; 404, laser light source; d, laser scanning interval; w, spot diameter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0065] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0066] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0067] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, cross-sectional views illustrating device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface with the assistance of atomized silicone oil by laser, the method comprising the following steps S1 to S4:

[0070] S1: Pre-process the surface of the sample 100 by grinding;

[0071] S2: treating sample 100 with atomized silicone oil;

[0072] S3: Laser etching the sample 100;

[0073] S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample 100.

[0074] The sample is preferably a titanium alloy plate. By implementing steps S1 to S4, it can be made to have high adhesion superhydrophobicity, thereby improving corrosion resistance, enhancing self-cleaning ability, optimizing anti-icing performance and friction resistance, etc., so that it can be widely used in biomedical applications, chemical and petroleum industries and other fields.

[0075] Among them, the atomized silicone oil treatment time is 1 min.

[0076] In summary, the provided method of constructing a highly viscous superhydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil only requires pretreatment of the sample surface with atomized silicone oil and then laser etching. The overall operation method is simple, convenient, and easy to implement.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Reference Figures 1 to 6 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that specific operation methods are provided in each step S1 to S4.

[0079] In step S1, the specific operations are implemented as follows:

[0080] The surface of the sample 100 with the size of U×W is polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through the grinding machine to remove the surface oxide layer and obtain a relatively smooth surface.

[0081] Place the sample 100 in a glass dish and add an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol until the sample is completely immersed. Then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner, set the cleaning time to t1, and press the "Start" button to clean the surface to remove debris caused by grinding.

[0082] After cleaning, the surface of the sample 100 is dried in a drying oven for a time period of t2.

[0083] After step S1 is completed, step S2 is implemented, and step S2 includes sub-steps S21 to S24 in sequence:

[0084] In S21, the minimal lubrication device 200 is debugged, wherein the minimal lubrication device 200 is a quasi-dry external oil supply device, such as Figure 2 As shown, the minimal lubrication device 200 consists of an oil tank 201, a nozzle 202, an air inlet 203, a pressure gauge 204, a pressure knob 205, a filter copper core 206, a frequency generator 207, a gas diverter 208, a combinable pump 209, an air flow control valve 210, and a liquid flow knob 211; the preset parameters of the minimal lubrication device 200 include air inlet pressure, liquid flow, air flow, nozzle diameter, and nozzle distance.

[0085] Silicone oil with a viscosity of η, a density of ρ, and a surface tension of σ is loaded into the oil tank 201 of the minimal lubrication device 200, ensuring that the oil level is above the "minimum oil level line". The sample 100 is fixed, and a round nozzle 202 with a diameter of A is selected. The position of the nozzle 202 is adjusted so that the distance L from the surface of the sample 100 is adjusted.

[0086] Through the relationship between the average diameter of atomized droplets and related parameters, D=f{P a , Q1, Q2, A}, adjust the parameters of the micro-lubrication device, set the inlet pressure P of the micro-lubrication device 200 a , liquid flow Q1 and air flow Q2, and the intake pressure is controlled to P by observing the pressure gauge 204 and adjusting the pressure knob 205 a , adjust the liquid flow knob 211 and set the oil consumption to Q1; adjust the air flow control valve 210 to control the air flow Q2, and adjust the appropriate gas-liquid ratio so that the silicone oil is sprayed in a good atomized form.

[0087] According to the experimental data, the empirical formula is obtained, Q2∝P a 0.5 、 D∝A, the following formula is summarized to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

[0088]

[0089] Where K is the scaling factor and n is the exponential parameter.

[0090] In S22, the switch of the minimal lubrication device 200 is turned on to perform atomized silicone oil treatment for a time period of t3;

[0091] Use a high-speed camera to shoot the spray field, decompose the recorded video into single-frame images, import them into the image processing software ImageJ, use the edge detection algorithm to identify the outline of the droplets, calculate the diameter of each droplet, and count the sizes of all droplets. Use the image processing software to perform data analysis on the outline of the atomized droplets and obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

[0092] In S23, the following formula is calculated by the corresponding mapping formula, v0 = f{Q2, A}, {Wa, Re, Ca} = f{η, ρ, σ, D, v0}, and the velocity v0, Weber number We, Reynolds number Re and capillary number Ca of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle 202 are obtained according to the following formula, thereby measuring the atomization effect;

[0093]

[0094] Where Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number.

[0095] In S24, the magnitudes of We, Re, and Ca are determined based on the calculation results;

[0096] If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the atomized droplets are prone to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface, e.g. Figure 3 As shown on the left; On the contrary, the atomized droplets are stable and difficult to break, the atomization effect is poor, a rounded shape is formed on the surface, the deposition is slow, and the spreading is limited, as shown Figure 3 Shown on the right.

[0097] In S31, a laser 400 is used. The laser 400 is selected as an ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser, which is composed of a computer controller 401, a focusing lens 402, a reflector 403, and a laser light source 404. The preset parameters of the laser include laser scanning speed, laser scanning spacing, laser processing area, laser power, frequency, pulse width and spot diameter. Figure 5 As shown, d is the laser scanning distance, w is the spot diameter, the laser 400 is turned on, and the program value can be preset through the computer controller 401;

[0098] Turn on the laser 400, set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller 401 as the processing pattern, and set the processing pattern size to U×W; and

[0099] Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to P, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and,

[0100] Place the sample 100 in the processing area, click the marking button to perform laser etching, the laser light source 404 outputs laser, and the laser is focused on the sample 100 through the reflector 403 and the focusing lens 402 to perform etching and prepare a surface microstructure.

[0101] In S32, the surface of the sample 100 after laser processing is rinsed with deionized water to remove most of the silicone oil, black matter generated by the silicone oil during laser processing, and chips generated by the laser processing of the sample 100. Then, the sample 100 is placed in a glass dish, anhydrous ethanol is poured into it, and the glass dish is placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine. That is, the sample 100 is placed in the ultrasonic cleaning machine and cleaned using anhydrous ethanol as a solvent. The cleaning time t4 is set, and the "Start" button is pressed to start cleaning. After cleaning, the surface of the sample 100 is dried in a drying oven for a time t2.

[0102] Among them, the cleaning method is deionized water, ultrasonic wave, anhydrous ethanol and fine brush cleaning;

[0103] In S33, the wettability test is performed on the cleaned sample 100. The sample 100 is placed on a test platform. As the platform rises, the surface gradually approaches the droplet 300. After contact, the sample 100 is squeezed to ensure full contact. The platform is then lowered to separate the droplet 300 from the syringe. The static contact angle θ of the surface of the sample 100 is measured using a contact angle meter.

[0104] After step S3 is completed, step S4 is implemented, and step S4 includes sub-steps S41 to S43 in sequence:

[0105] In S41, the size of the static contact angle θ is determined;

[0106] If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning spacing d in S31 are reduced to improve the hydrophobicity. That is, assuming that the laser scanning speed is 100 mm / s and the laser scanning spacing d is 300 μm before, the experiment is repeated when θ is less than 150°. The laser scanning speed needs to be reduced to less than 100 mm / s, and the laser scanning spacing d needs to be reduced to less than 300 μm.

[0107] If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

[0108] In S42, the adhesion test of the sample 100 is performed to measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface. The sample 100 is placed on the test platform. As the platform rises, the surface gradually approaches the droplet 300. After contact, it is squeezed to ensure full contact. Then, the platform is moved horizontally at a certain speed to make the bottom of the droplet 300 move continuously on the surface. Two different contact angles are formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely, advancing contact angle θ and advancing contact angle θ. A and receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ;

[0109] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ can indicate the difficulty of the liquid droplet 300 moving on the surface. The larger the value, the more difficult it is for the liquid droplet 300 to move, and also the stronger the surface adhesion.

[0110] In S43, the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ is determined; and

[0111] If Δθ<30°, repeat the operation process of S21 to S42, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil is increased in S21 to improve the adhesion; and

[0112] If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, but differs in that it provides an embodiment for executing the method disclosed herein.

[0115] Sample 100 is a Ti6Al4V alloy with an industrial grade of TC4. The size of the titanium alloy sample is 30×30 mm and the thickness is 4 mm. The specific operations are as follows: Steps Z1 to Z11:

[0116] Z1: Use 600#, 1000#, and 1500# ordinary sandpaper to grind the surface of a titanium alloy plate with a size of 30×30mm and a thickness of 4mm to remove the surface oxide layer and obtain a relatively smooth surface.

[0117] Place the titanium alloy plate in a glass dish and pour in an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol until the titanium alloy plate is completely immersed;

[0118] Place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 minutes to remove the debris from the surface caused by grinding;

[0119] After cleaning, the surface of the titanium alloy plate was dried in a drying oven for 1 min.

[0120] Z2: Debugging the micro-lubrication device 200. In order to facilitate atomization, form small and uniform droplets, and provide excellent stability, this embodiment uses a viscosity of 20 cSt and a density of 0.95 g / cm 3 Polydimethylsiloxane with a surface tension of 21 mN / m is loaded into the oil tank 201 of the FS-type quasi-dry external lubrication device, also known as the minimal lubrication device 200, produced by Fuji BC Giken Co., Ltd., ensuring that the oil dosage is above the "minimum oil level line";

[0121] According to the empirical formula Where K = 1.15, n = 0.5, control the relevant parameters to adjust the average diameter of the atomized droplets;

[0122] By observing the pressure gauge 204 and adjusting the pressure knob 205, the intake pressure is controlled within the range of 0.4 MPa-0.6 MPa. The liquid flow knob 211 is adjusted to set the oil consumption to 4-8 ml / min. The air flow control valve 210 is adjusted to control the air flow to 40-50 L / min, so that the average diameter of the atomized droplets sprayed from the nozzle 202 is within the range of 40-80 μm.

[0123] The titanium alloy plate was fixed, a round nozzle 202 with a diameter of 3.2 mm was selected, and the position of the nozzle 202 of the minimal lubrication device 200 was adjusted so that it was 30 mm away from the surface of the titanium alloy plate.

[0124] Z3: Turn on the switch of the minimal lubrication device 200 and perform atomized silicone oil treatment for 1 minute. At the same time, use a high-speed camera to shoot the spray field, decompose the recorded video into single-frame images, import them into the image processing software ImageJ, use the edge detection algorithm to identify the droplet contour, calculate the diameter of each droplet, count the sizes of all droplets, and perform data analysis to obtain the average diameter of the atomized droplets in the range of 40-80 μm;

[0125] Z4: Calculate the velocity v0, Weber number We, Reynolds number Re, and capillary number Ca using the mapping formula, v0 = f{Q2, A}, {Wa, Re, Ca} = f{η, ρ, σ, D, v0};

[0126] The calculated results for the atomized silicone oil in this example are: Weber number ranges from 12,700 to 18,800, Reynolds number ranges from 165,700 to 207,300, and capillary number ranges from 74.9 to 93.7. This indicates that the droplet's flow, breakup, and deformation during the atomization process are very significant, forming a relatively thin liquid film beneath the surface.

[0127]

[0128] Z5: Turn on the SJ-ZW05 ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser and preset the program value through the computer controller 401;

[0129] Set the scanning path to a cross shape; draw a grid pattern as the processing pattern for this time, and set the grid pattern size to 30×30, in mm;

[0130] Set the laser scanning speed to 50 mm / s, the laser scanning spacing d to 100 μm, the number of processing times to 1, the laser power to 5 W, the frequency to 30 kHz, the pulse width to 30 μs, and the spot diameter w to 50 μm;

[0131] Place the titanium alloy plate in the processing area, click the marking button to perform laser etching, and the laser light source 404 outputs laser light, which is focused on the titanium alloy plate through the reflector 403 and the focusing lens 402 for etching to prepare a surface microstructure.

[0132] Z6: Use deionized water to clean most of the silicone oil on the surface of the laser-processed titanium alloy plate, the black matter produced by the laser processing of the silicone oil, and the chips produced by the laser processing of the titanium alloy plate;

[0133] Place the titanium alloy plate in an ultrasonic cleaning machine and use anhydrous ethanol as a solvent to clean for 5 minutes, generally 5-10 minutes. At the same time, use a clean fine-bristle brush to remove the residual silicone oil on the surface of the titanium alloy plate, the black matter generated by the laser processing of the silicone oil, and the chips generated by the laser processing of the titanium alloy plate.

[0134] After cleaning, the surface of the titanium alloy plate was dried in a drying oven for 1 min.

[0135] Z7: Perform wettability test on the cleaned titanium alloy plate. Place the titanium alloy plate on the test platform and squeeze the syringe to get a 5μl water droplet. The surface gradually approaches the droplet 300 as the platform rises.

[0136] After contact, the droplet 300 was squeezed for 0.2 mm to ensure full contact, and then the platform was lowered to separate the droplet 300 from the syringe. The contact angle of the titanium alloy plate surface was measured using an SDC-100 contact angle meter, and the static contact angle θ of the surface was found to be 154.0°.

[0137] Z8: Conduct adhesion test on titanium alloy plate and measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface;

[0138] Place the titanium alloy plate on the test platform, squeeze the syringe to get a 5μl water droplet, and the surface will gradually approach the droplet 300 as the platform rises;

[0139] After contact, continue squeezing for 0.2 mm to ensure full contact. Then, move the platform horizontally at a speed of 5 mm / s to make the bottom of the droplet 300 continuously move on the surface. Two different contact angles are formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely, the advancing contact angle θ A and receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles, i.e. the contact angle hysteresis Δθ is 65.3°;

[0140] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ is greater than 30°, indicating that the surface has high adhesion.

[0141] Z9: Different methods are used to prepare the surface:

[0142] The first method is to directly perform laser etching; after cleaning the surface, its wettability and adhesion are tested. The static contact angle θ of the surface prepared by this method is 0, which shows super hydrophilicity and high adhesion.

[0143] The second method is to immerse the titanium alloy plate in a glass dish filled with silicone oil after laser etching and perform a heat treatment at 150°C for 20 minutes. After cleaning the surface, its wettability and adhesion are tested. The static contact angle θ of the surface prepared by this method is 154.6°, indicating that the surface is superhydrophobic. The contact angle hysteresis Δθ of the titanium alloy plate surface is measured to be 7.1°.

[0144] The contact angle hysteresis Δθ is less than 30°, and the surface does not have high adhesion.

[0145] The surface prepared using the method of this application has a surface contact angle of 154.0° and a contact angle hysteresis Δθ of 65.3°. The surface is both superhydrophobic and highly adhesive.

[0146] Z10: X-ray diffraction analysis - XRD of three surfaces;

[0147] Depend on Figure 7 It can be seen that the surface processed directly by laser and the surface treated by silicone oil heat show hydrophilic titanium oxide and titanium, while the surface treated by atomized silicone oil shows only titanium;

[0148] The absence of hydrophilic titanium oxide on the surface is one of the reasons why the surface prepared by the present invention has superhydrophobicity.

[0149] Z11: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of three surfaces;

[0150] Depend on Figure 9 It can be seen from Figure a that the C1s peak and Si2p peak of the surface treated with atomized silicone oil are significantly higher than those of the surface directly processed by laser and the surface treated with silicone oil; the Ti2p peak is significantly lower than the Ti2p peaks of the other two surfaces;

[0151] Further analysis, by Figure 9 b shows that the CC group content of the surface directly processed by laser is 73.90%, the CC group content of the surface treated with silicone oil heat reaches 81.49%, and the non-polar CC group content of the surface treated with atomized silicone oil reaches 92.73%; CC groups are non-polar groups, and the lower the surface polarity, the stronger the hydrophobicity; the high CC group content on the surface is one of the reasons why the surface prepared by the present invention has superhydrophobicity;

[0152] Depend on Figure 9 c shows that the surface O treated by atomized silicone oil 2- The content of metal oxide groups is much lower than that of the other two surfaces. 2- The group content is only 3.40%, which further proves that the surface treated with atomized silicone oil contains no hydrophilic titanium oxide;

[0153] And, by Figure 9 c It can be seen that the SiO2 content of the surface treated with atomized silicone oil is 20.56%, while the contents of the surface directly processed by laser and the surface treated with silicone oil are 3.29% and 0, respectively; SiO2 can form a strong interaction with polar molecules (such as water), thereby enhancing the adhesion of the surface treated with atomized silicone oil.

[0154] Example 4

[0155] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, proposes an application of a method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil.

[0156] Specifically, by implementing the proposed method of atomized silicone oil-assisted laser construction of a high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface, a high-adhesion superhydrophobic surface can be obtained, which can be applied to the fields of droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection engineering.

[0157] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application shown in a number of different exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, it should be readily understood by those who refer to this disclosure that many modifications are possible (e.g., the size, scale, structure, shape, and proportion of various elements, as well as parameter values, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, changes in orientation, etc.) without departing substantially from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described in this application. For example, an element shown as integrally formed may be composed of multiple parts or elements, the position of the element may be inverted or otherwise changed, and the nature, number, or position of the discrete elements may be altered or changed. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be changed or reordered according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any "means plus function" clause is intended to cover the structure described herein that performs the function, and is not only structurally equivalent but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, but extends to various modifications that still fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0158] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (i.e., those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0159] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will, for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and production without undue experimentation.

[0160] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface using atomized silicone oil-assisted laser, characterized in that: include, S1: Pre-treatment of the surface of the sample (100) by grinding; S2: treating the sample (100) with atomized silicone oil; S3: laser etching the sample (100); S4: Determine the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100).

2. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser-assisted atomized silicone oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The grinding pretreatment of the surface of the sample (100) includes: The surface of the sample (100) with the size of U×W was polished by using ordinary sandpaper of different specifications in turn through the grinding machine; Place the sample (100) in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol, and then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, setting the cleaning time to t1; After cleaning, the surface of the sample (100) is dried in a drying oven for a time period of t2.

3. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser-assisted atomized silicone oil as claimed in claim 2, wherein: The atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample (100) includes: S21: Silicone oil with a viscosity of η, a density of ρ, and a surface tension of σ is loaded into the oil tank (201) of the minimal lubrication device (200), the sample (100) is fixed, a round nozzle (202) with a diameter of A is selected, and the distance between the nozzle (202) and the surface of the sample (100) is adjusted to L; Set the inlet pressure P of the minimal lubrication device (200) a , liquid flow rate Q1 and air flow rate Q2, according to the following formula, the average diameter D of the atomized droplets is obtained; Where K is the scaling factor and n is the exponential parameter.

4. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser-assisted atomized silicone oil as claimed in claim 3, wherein: The atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample (100) further includes: S22: turning on the switch of the micro-lubrication device (200) to perform atomized silicone oil treatment for a time period of t3; The spray field was captured using a high-speed camera, and the contours of the atomized droplets were analyzed using image processing software to obtain the average diameter D of the atomized droplets.

5. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample (100) further includes: S23: According to the following formula, the velocity v0 of the atomized droplets ejected from the nozzle (202), the Weber number We, the Reynolds number Re and the capillary number Ca are obtained to measure the atomization effect; Where Q2 is the air flow rate, A is the nozzle diameter, η is the silicone oil viscosity, ρ is the silicone oil density, σ is the silicone oil surface tension, D is the average diameter of the atomized droplets, V0 is the nozzle ejection velocity, We is the Weber number, Re is the Reynolds number, and Ca is the capillary number.

6. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil according to claim 5, wherein: The atomized silicone oil treatment of the sample (100) further includes: S24: Determine the size of We, Re, and Ca based on the calculation results; If We≥10, Re≥4000, and Ca≥1, the atomized droplets are easy to break, deform, and spread, forming a thinner liquid film on the surface; otherwise, the atomized droplets are stable and difficult to break, forming a rounded shape on the surface, slowly depositing, and spreading limitedly.

7. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The sample (100) is laser etched, including: S31: Turn on the laser (400), set the laser scanning path to a cross shape, draw a grid pattern on the computer controller (401) as a processing pattern, and set the processing pattern size to U×W; and Wherein, the laser scanning speed is set to v, the laser scanning interval is set to d, the number of processing times is set to N, the laser power is set to P, the frequency is set to f, the pulse width is set to τ, and the spot diameter is set to w; and, Place the sample (100) in the processing area, click the marking button to perform laser etching, and prepare the surface microstructure; S32: rinse the surface of the sample (100) after laser processing with deionized water to remove most of the silicone oil and residue on the surface, then place the sample (100) in a glass dish, pour in anhydrous ethanol, and then place the glass dish in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, set the cleaning time t4, and after cleaning, use a drying oven to dry the surface of the sample (100) for a time of t2; S33: Performing a wettability test on the cleaned sample (100), and measuring the static contact angle θ of the surface of the sample (100) using a contact angle meter.

8. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil according to claim 7, wherein: The determination of the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100) includes: S41: Determine the size of the static contact angle θ; If θ is less than 150°, the operation process of S21 to S33 is repeated, wherein the laser scanning speed v and the laser scanning distance d in S31 are numerically reduced to improve the hydrophobicity; If θ ≥ 150°, the surface is tested for adhesion.

9. The method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted atomized silicone oil according to claim 8, wherein: The determination of the adhesion and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample (100) further includes: S42: Conduct adhesion test on sample (100) and measure the contact angle hysteresis of the surface. Two different contact angles are formed on both sides of the three-phase contact line, namely the advancing contact angle θ A and receding contact angle θ R , the difference between the two contact angles is the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; S43: Determine the size of the contact angle hysteresis Δθ; and If Δθ is less than 30°, the operation process of S21 to S42 is repeated, wherein the viscosity η of the silicone oil is increased in S21 to improve the adhesion; and If Δθ≥30°, the preparation is qualified and the operation is completed.

10. An application of a method for constructing a highly viscous super-hydrophobic surface using atomized silicone oil-assisted laser, characterized in that: The method for constructing a high-viscosity super-hydrophobic surface by laser assisted by atomized silicone oil as described in claim 1 is implemented to obtain a high-adhesion super-hydrophobic surface, which is applied to droplet transportation, drug delivery, and fog collection projects.

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