Subsea tunnel escape and rescue capsule

Abstract

A kind of submarine tunnel escape rescue warehouse, including warehouse body component, mobile assembly, exhaust component and air bag, the pressure cavity of oxygen storage is on the warehouse wall of the warehouse body component, the piston rod of the mobile assembly is fitted in the pressure cavity, the mobile assembly is driven by the movement of piston rod driven by the oxygen pressure difference in pressure cavity through submarine pressure, exhaust component is communicated with pressure cavity through annular communication pipe in the bottom of warehouse wall, oxygen is released into the inside of warehouse body through exhaust component, air bag is fixed on the top of warehouse body component, piston rod is moved in pressure cavity by the pressure difference in the inside of warehouse through submarine water pressure, the movement of mobile assembly is provided with power, to push escape rescue warehouse to realize maneuvering in submarine, by stage type oxygen release and push, it is convenient for escape personnel to make maneuvering decision according to actual environment, the flat card component and vane combination design of mobile assembly gradually throw away useless weight in the process of maneuvering, improve the success of escape rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater emergency escape equipment, specifically an underwater tunnel escape and rescue cabin. Background Technology

[0002] The CN110217362B publication discloses a mother-daughter escape manned submersible, comprising a mother submersible including a submersible body, fins, and a mother thruster. The bow of the submersible body is provided with an outlet valve, the fins are located on the upper part of the submersible body and are provided with at least four water jets, the mother thruster is located at the stern of the submersible body, and the submersible body has a compartment and at least four passages. The submersible body is divided into a forward section, a mid section, and a stern section. The upper part of the mid section is provided with a first valve, the stern section is provided with the main engine, and the daughter submersible is located in the forward section. The daughter submersible includes a daughter submersible body and a daughter thruster. The daughter submersible body is fixed with a top folding fin and two side folding fins.

[0003] The aforementioned existing technologies improve the success rate of personnel's underwater escape through the mother-daughter design of the submersible. However, due to its complex structure, large size, and excessive equipment, the stability of the submersible itself is reduced, which is not conducive to its use in complex scenarios such as underwater tunnels, and indirectly affects the success rate of escape and rescue in tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an underwater tunnel escape and rescue cabin to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An underwater tunnel escape and rescue capsule includes a capsule body assembly, a moving assembly, an exhaust assembly, and an airbag. The capsule body assembly has a pressure chamber for storing oxygen on its wall. The piston rod of the moving assembly is installed in the pressure chamber. The piston rod moves by the pressure difference between the seabed pressure and the oxygen pressure in the pressure chamber, thereby moving the moving assembly. The exhaust assembly is connected to the pressure chamber through an annular connecting pipe at the bottom of the capsule wall. Oxygen is released into the capsule body through the exhaust assembly. An airbag is fixed at the top of the capsule body assembly.

[0007] Preferably, the silo assembly includes a silo wall, pressure chambers, a connecting pipe, a one-way valve, a plug, a pull rod, a tamping rod, a snap fastener, and a sealed silo door. The pressure chambers are at least two in number and arranged vertically on the silo wall. Each pressure chamber has an opening at its upper end and its lower end is connected to an annular connecting pipe at the bottom of the silo wall. A one-way valve is fixedly installed at each connection point. A single-use plug is located above the one-way valve. The lower end of the pull rod passes through the silo wall at the plug position, and the upper end passes through the silo wall on the upper side. The upper and lower ends of the pull rod are slidably connected to the silo wall. The bottom end of the silo wall is sealed, and the upper end is hinged to a sealed silo door. A tamping rod is fixed to the lower side of the outer wall of the silo wall, and a snap fastener is fixed to the upper side.

[0008] Preferably, the moving assembly includes a piston rod, a blade assembly, and a flat clamp II. The blade assembly includes a sliding hoop, a flat clamp assembly, and blades. The sliding hoop is an arc-shaped frame that is slidably installed on the outer side of the bin wall, and its curvature is the same as that of the outer side of the bin wall. Each end of the sliding hoop is connected to a flat clamp assembly, and the other sliding hoop is also connected to two flat clamp assemblies at both ends. There are at least two sliding hoops and at least two flat clamp assemblies. The sliding hoops and flat clamp assemblies form a complete ring and are slidably installed on the outer side of the bin wall. Each sliding hoop is hinged with a blade at a downward angle, and the outer side of each blade hinge point is... The blades are angularly limited by flanges, and the blades have an inward-facing bevel on the underside. The blade assemblies consist of at least two layers arranged parallel to each other along the axial direction of the bin wall. In two adjacent blade assemblies, the upper layer has a thicker sliding hoop than the lower layer to ensure that the upper blade can cover the lower blade assembly. The lower sliding hoop has a hole through which a piston rod connected to the upper sliding hoop passes. The upper end of the piston rod has a raised flat clamp I. Each layer of sliding hoop has a flat clamp II fixedly attached to its underside. The connection between flat clamp I and flat clamp II provides downward tension to the blade assembly. Each piston rod is connected to one layer of blade assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the flat card assembly includes a front card, a rear card, and a rotating buckle. The front card has a rectangular protrusion I on its upper side, and the rotating buckle is hinged to the side of the rectangular protrusion I. The rear card has a rectangular protrusion II on its lower side and a rectangular protrusion III on its upper side. The rectangular protrusion I and the rectangular protrusion II fit together. The bottom of the rectangular protrusion III has a groove and its front end rests on the hinge point of the rotating buckle. The end of the rotating buckle extending towards the rear card has a rectangular protrusion IV, and the end near the front card is the top. The groove at the bottom of the rectangular protrusion IV and the rectangular protrusion III fit together. The sliding clamps are all connected to the front card and the rear card.

[0010] Preferably, the number of flat clamping components in each layer of the blade assembly is equal to the number of tamping rods. The position of each flat clamping component on the blade assembly is such that the top of the rotating buckle is always aligned with the tamping rod, so as to ensure that the top of the rotating buckle will hit the tamping rod when the blade assembly slides on the outer wall. The upper end of the pull rod passes through the chamber wall and is clamped at the lower edge of the sliding hoop. The number of pressure chambers, pull rods, piston rods and blade assemblies is equal, and each pressure chamber, pull rod, piston rod and blade assembly corresponds to a group. The buckle presses down on the blades of the uppermost blade assembly in the radial direction.

[0011] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes a spiral tube and a rotating port assembly. The bottom of the spiral tube is connected to the connecting pipe and extends spirally upward close to the chamber wall. At least two rotating port assemblies are fixed on the spiral tube to rotate and discharge the oxygen in the spiral tube into the chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating port assembly includes a fan blade, a rotating rod, and an exhaust port. The fan blade is fixed to the bottom of the rotating rod, and the rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the spiral tube. The fan blade is located inside the spiral tube. The rotating rod is hollow inside and has an exhaust port on its upper side. The exhaust port communicates with the inside of the spiral tube through the hollow interior of the rotating rod.

[0013] Preferably, the airbag is fixed to the upper surface of the buckle, and the airbag switch is connected to the sliding hoop of the uppermost blade assembly.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention uses the pressure difference between the seabed water pressure and the internal pressure of the chamber to drive the piston rod to move within the pressure chamber. This not only pushes the sealed oxygen in the pressure chamber towards the escapees inside, but also provides power for the movement of the swimming component, propelling the escape rescue chamber to maneuver on the seabed. Through staged oxygen release and propulsion, escapees can make maneuvering decisions based on their actual environment. The flat-plate assembly and blade combination design of the swimming component allows the escape rescue chamber to gradually shed unnecessary weight during maneuvering. The rotating port achieves uniform oxygen release, ensuring personnel comfort, stabilizing their emotions, and improving the success rate of escape rescue. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the chamber assembly of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial view of part A;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the moving component of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Partial view of section B;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the flat card assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rotating port assembly of the present invention; in the figure: 1. Chamber body assembly, 11. Chamber wall, 12. Pressure cavity, 13. Connecting pipe, 14. One-way valve, 15. Block, 16. Pull rod, 17. Tamping rod, 18. Press buckle, 19. Sealed chamber door, 2. Floating assembly, 21. Piston rod, 22. Blade assembly, 221. Sliding hoop, 222. Flat clamp assembly, 2221. Front clamp, 2222. Rear clamp, 2223. Rotary buckle, 223. Blade, 23. Flat clamp II, 24. Flat clamp I, 3. Exhaust assembly, 31. Spiral pipe, 32. Rotating port assembly, 321. Fan blade, 322. Rotating rod, 323. Exhaust port, 4. Airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example:

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 8 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0026] An underwater tunnel escape and rescue capsule includes a capsule body component 1, a swimming component 2, a venting component 3, and an airbag 4, such as Figure 1 As shown, the chamber wall 11 of the chamber assembly 1 has a pressure chamber 12 for storing oxygen. The oxygen in the pressure chamber 12 is high-pressure oxygen, and the oxygen pressure in each pressure chamber 12 gradually decreases. The pressure in the largest pressure chamber 12 is less than the maximum water pressure in the working area, and the pressure in the smallest pressure chamber 12 is greater than one atmosphere. The piston rod 21 of the moving assembly 2 is installed in the pressure chamber 12. The piston rod 21 at the end of the pressure chamber 12 acts as a piston. The piston rod 21 moves due to the pressure difference between the seabed pressure and the oxygen pressure in the pressure chamber 12, thereby moving the moving assembly 2. The piston rod 21 moves the moving assembly 2 to the rear of the chamber, thus enabling the chamber to move forward. The exhaust assembly 3 is connected to the pressure chamber 12 through an annular connecting pipe 13 at the bottom of the chamber wall 11. Figure 2As shown, oxygen is released into the cabin through the exhaust assembly 3. An airbag 4 is fixed on the top of the cabin assembly 1. When the last swimming assembly 2 is released, it causes the airbag 4 to inflate, ensuring that the head of the cabin can continue to float on the sea surface.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the silo assembly 1 includes a silo wall 11, a pressure chamber 12, a connecting pipe 13, a one-way valve 14, a plug 15, a pull rod 16, a tamping rod 17, a snap fastener 18, and a sealed silo door 19. Figure 3 As shown, there are at least two pressure chambers 12 arranged vertically on the tank wall 11. Each pressure chamber 12 has an opening at its upper end, allowing seawater pressure to enter and push the piston rod 21. The lower end of each chamber is connected to an annular connecting pipe 13 at the bottom of the tank wall 11. The connecting pipe 13 connects all the pressure chambers 12, delivering oxygen from all the pressure chambers 12 to the exhaust assembly 3. A one-way valve 14 is fixedly installed at each connection point, ensuring that oxygen can only enter the connecting pipe 13 from the pressure chamber 12 and cannot flow from the connecting pipe 13 back into the pressure chamber 12. A single-use plug 15 is located above the one-way valve 14. Figure 4 As shown, the plug 15 at the valve port prevents oxygen from leaking from the pressure chamber 12 into the connecting pipe 13 when the escape rescue chamber is not in operation. The plug 15 is for single use and cannot be reset after being pulled by the pull rod 16, ensuring that the oxygen release process proceeds smoothly. The lower end of the pull rod 16 passes through the chamber wall 11 at the position of the plug 15, and the upper end passes through the upper side of the chamber wall 11. The upper and lower ends of the pull rod 16 are slidably connected to the chamber wall 11 when passing through it. The pull rod 16 has a protrusion at the end of the plug 15. When it is pulled inward, it drives the plug 15 to move. The pull rod 16 still has a sealing capability at the position where it passes through the chamber wall 11, ensuring the stability of the inner and outer sides of the chamber wall 11. The bottom end of the chamber wall 11 is sealed, and the upper end is hinged to a sealed chamber door 19, which serves as the entrance and exit for escapees. A tamping rod 17 is fixed on the lower side of the outer wall of the chamber wall 11, and a buckle 18 is fixed on the upper side.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, the pressure cavity 12 is not limited to being embedded in the chamber wall 11, but can also be an external cylinder or tank or other component or device with similar functions.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the moving assembly 2 includes a piston rod 21, a blade assembly 22, a flat clamp II 23, and a flat clamp I 24. The blade assembly 22 includes a sliding clamp 221, a flat clamp assembly 222, and blades 223. Figure 5As shown, the sliding hoop 221 is an arc-shaped frame that slides on the outer side of the bin wall 11 with the same curvature as the outer side of the bin wall 11, ensuring a tight fit between the sliding hoop 221 and the outer side of the bin wall 11 and smooth sliding. Each end of the sliding hoop 221 is connected to a flat clamping component 222, and the other sliding hoop 221 is also connected to two flat clamping components 222 at both ends. There are at least two sliding hoops 221 and at least two flat clamping components 222. The sliding hoop 221 and the flat clamping components 222 form a complete ring and slide on the outer side of the bin wall 11. After the two sliding hoops 221 and the two flat clamping components 222 form a complete arc, due to the same curvature, the sliding hoop 221 and the flat clamping components 222 are tightly fitted together. The blades are firmly attached to the outer side of the tank wall 11 without loosening, ensuring their sliding motion on the outer side. Each sliding hoop 221 is hinged to a blade 223 at a downward angle, and each blade 223 has a flange on the outer side of its hinge point for angle limitation. The blade 223 has an inward-facing slope on its lower side. When the blade assembly 22 is not in operation, the blade 223 retracts inward and adheres to the outer side of the tank wall 11 or to the blade 223 of the next layer. When the blade assembly 22 is pulled downward by the piston rod 21, the inward-facing slope on the lower side of the blade 223 forces seawater to the inside of the blade 223, causing the blade 223 to open. Due to the angle limitation of the flange on the outer side of the hinge point of the blade 223... The blades 223 are fixed after opening to a certain angle. As the blade assembly 22 continues to move downward, the blades 223 push the chamber upward. The blade assembly 22 has at least two layers and is arranged parallel to each other along the axis of the chamber wall 11. Each layer provides power for a stage, providing power to the escape and rescue chamber in a phased manner. In two adjacent layers of blade assemblies 22, the thickness of the upper layer's sliding hoop 221 is greater than that of the lower layer's sliding hoop 221 to ensure that the upper layer's blades 223 can cover the lower layer's blade assembly 22. When not yet in operation or when there are still unreleased blade assemblies 22, the unreleased portion of the blade assembly 22 remains in its original position with the upper layer covering the lower layer, and the blades 223 remain in a retracted state. To save space and reduce resistance for the storage and maneuverability of the escape rescue capsule, the lower sliding hoop 221 has holes for the piston rod 21 to pass through, which connects to the upper sliding hoop 221. The uppermost blade assembly 22 also needs to be connected to the piston rod 21. Therefore, the piston rod 21 connected to the uppermost blade assembly 22 will pass through all the blade assemblies 22 below it. Thus, the lowermost sliding hoop 221 has holes for the piston rod 21 connected to all the blade assemblies 22 above it to pass through. The upper end of the piston rod 21 has a protruding flat clamp I 24. The lower side of each sliding hoop 221 is fixed with a flat clamp II 23. The connection between the flat clamp I 24 and the flat clamp II 23 provides downward pulling force to the blade assembly 22. Figure 6As shown, the connection between the flat card I 24 and the flat card II 23 is simple and can only provide tension for the blade assembly 22. When the blade assembly 22 is pulled to the tamping rod 17, it is easy for the blade assembly 22 to fall off. Each piston rod 21 is connected to a layer of blade assembly 22, and each pressure chamber 12 is connected to a layer of blade assembly 22.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the flat card assembly 222 includes a front card 2221, a rear card 2222, and a rotating buckle 2223, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the front card has a rectangular protrusion I2224 on its upper side, and a rotating buckle 2223 is hinged to the side of the rectangular protrusion I2224. The rear card has a rectangular protrusion II2225 on its lower side and a rectangular protrusion III2226 on its upper side. The rectangular protrusions I2224 and II2225 fit together, and there are no gaps between them when they are in contact. When they are under tension, the rectangular protrusion I2224 will only press down on the rectangular protrusion II2225 and will not move in other directions or separate. The rectangular protrusion III2226 has a groove at its bottom and its front end rests on the hinge point of the rotating buckle 2223. The front end of the rectangular protrusion III2226 resting on the hinge point of the rotating buckle 2223 can keep the rotating buckle 2223 balanced and prevent it from flipping when the rectangular protrusion III2226 presses down on the rotating buckle 2223. 223 has a rectangular protrusion IV 2227 at one end extending towards the rear card 2222, and the end near the front card 2221 is the top. The rectangular protrusion IV 2227 and the groove at the bottom of the rectangular protrusion III 2226 fit together, so that the front card 2221 and the rear card 2222 fit together through lateral tension, making the front card 2221, the rear card 2222 and the rotating buckle 2223 a solid whole. When the top of the rotating buckle 2223 is subjected to the upward force of the tamping rod 17, After applying force, one end of the rectangular protrusion Ⅳ2227 of the rotating buckle 2223 flips downward, and the rectangular protrusion Ⅳ2227 disengages from the groove of the rectangular protrusion Ⅲ2226. The lateral tension between the front clip 2221 and the rear clip 2222 disappears, and the front clip 2221 and the rear clip 2222 naturally separate and disintegrate. The sliding hoop 221 is connected to the front clip 2221 and the rear clip 2222. Both the front clip 2221 and the rear clip 2222 can serve as driven and driven parts.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the number of flat clamping components 222 in each layer of blade assembly 22 is equal to the number of tamping rods 17. The position of each flat clamping component 222 on the blade assembly 22 is such that the top of the rotating buckle 2223 is always aligned with the tamping rod 17, so as to ensure that the top of the rotating buckle 2223 will hit the tamping rod 17 when the blade assembly 22 slides on the outer wall. The upper end of the pull rod 16 passes through the chamber wall 11 and is locked at the lower edge of the sliding hoop 221. The number of pressure chambers 12, pull rods 16, piston rods 21 and blade assemblies 22 are equal, and each pressure chamber 12, pull rod 16, piston rod 21 and blade assembly 22 is further specified. Each blade assembly 22 corresponds to a set. When a set is needed, the upper end of the lever 16 locks into the corresponding blade assembly 22. When the escape operation begins, the lever 16 is pulled in stages according to the pressure in the pressure chamber 12 from high to low, thereby releasing the oxygen and the corresponding blade assembly 22 in the pressure chamber 12. The buckle 18 presses down on the blade 223 of the uppermost blade assembly 22 in the radial direction. The buckle 18 ensures that the uppermost blade 223 is in a retracted state when not in use and provides an installation position for the airbag 4.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust assembly 3 includes a spiral tube 31 and a rotating port assembly 32. The bottom of the spiral tube 31 is connected to the connecting pipe 13 and extends spirally upward along the chamber wall 11 to deliver oxygen to the entire escape and rescue chamber. At least two rotating port assemblies 32 are fixed on the spiral tube 31 to rotate and discharge the oxygen in the spiral tube 31 into the chamber. The rotating port assemblies 32 at different positions release oxygen evenly to avoid the influence of excessively high local concentrations.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the rotating port assembly 32 includes a fan blade 321, a rotating rod 322, and an exhaust port 323, such as Figure 8 As shown, a fan blade 321 is fixed to the bottom of the rotating rod 322. The rotating rod 322 is rotatably mounted on the spiral tube 31. The fan blade 321 is located inside the spiral tube 31. When high-pressure oxygen passes through the spiral tube 31, part of it flows upward, thereby driving the fan blade 321 to rotate, and part of it flows to the rotating rod 322. The rotating rod 322 is hollow inside and has an exhaust port 323 open on the upper side. The exhaust port 323 is connected to the inside of the spiral tube 31 through the hollow inside the rotating rod 322. As the rotating rod 322 rotates under the action of the high-pressure oxygen flow, the exhaust port 323 also rotates, thereby releasing oxygen evenly inside the chamber.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the airbag 4 is fixed to the upper surface of the buckle 18, and the airbag 4 switch is connected to the sliding hoop 221 of the uppermost blade assembly 22. When the uppermost blade assembly 22 moves downward, the airbag 4 switch is triggered, and the airbag 4 expands rapidly to ensure that the escape and rescue chamber has continuous upward buoyancy.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the airbag 4 is a common inflatable airbag, which is a mature and common device in the field, and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the direction in which the escape rescue capsule is pushed by the blade assembly 22 is not only upward, but can be any direction that the sealed capsule door 19 is pointing to at that time.

[0037] The working principle of this invention is as follows: In the unused state, the sealed door 19 is open, and the pressure chamber 12 contains oxygen at different pressures. Each layer of blade assembly 22 is held in place by the pull rod 16 at the top, and the blades 223 are in a retracted state. In case of emergency, personnel enter the chamber, close the sealed door 19, and are submerged in seawater. They then pull the pull rod 16 corresponding to the highest pressure chamber 12 as required. The block 15 on the one-way valve 14 moves, allowing oxygen to pass through. The bottommost blade assembly 22 is released from its limit, and the piston rod 21, under the pressure of the seawater, pushes the oxygen in the pressure chamber 12 into the chamber. Simultaneously, it moves the bottommost blade assembly 22 downwards, while the other layers remain stationary. After the bottommost blade 223 detaches from the layer above it, it opens under the action of the seawater. The blade assembly 22 continues to move downwards, and under the reaction force of the blades 223... As the escape chamber moves upward, oxygen from the highest pressure chamber 12 enters the spiral tube 31. The oxygen then enters the escape chamber through the rotating port assembly 32. When the blade assembly 22 moves to the position of the ramming rod 17, the rotating buckle 2223 is impacted by the top of the ramming rod 17. The front clip 2221 and the rear clip 2222 lose their lateral tension and disintegrate, thus disintegrating the entire layer of blade assembly 22. The sliding hoop 221 falls off the flat clip I 24, and the escape chamber throws away the first layer of floating assembly 2. Then, according to the actual situation, the levers 16 are pulled in sequence according to the pressure in the pressure chamber 12 from high to low, realizing the mobility of the escape chamber and reducing the load in stages. Until the lever 16 of the last pressure chamber 12 is pulled, the top layer of blade assembly 22 moves, the airbag 4 begins to inflate, and the escape pressure chamber continues to float. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue capsule comprising a capsule body assembly (1), a swimming assembly (2), an exhaust assembly (3) and an airbag (4), characterised in that: The pressure cavity (12) for storing oxygen is arranged on the wall (11) of the housing body assembly (1), the piston rod (21) of the floating assembly (2) is fitted in the pressure cavity (12), the piston rod (21) is driven to move by the pressure difference between the sea bottom pressure and the oxygen pressure in the pressure cavity (12) to drive the floating assembly (2), the exhaust assembly (3) is communicated with the pressure cavity (12) through the annular communication pipe (13) at the bottom of the wall (11), the oxygen is released into the inside of the housing body through the exhaust assembly (3), and the air bag (4) is fixed to the top of the housing body assembly (1); The floating assembly (2) comprises the piston rod (21), the vane assembly (22), the flat card II (23) and the flat card I (24), the vane assembly (22) comprises the slide hoop (221), the flat card assembly (222) and the vane (223), the slide hoop (221) is an arc-shaped frame and is slidingly arranged on the outer side of the wall (11) and has the same curvature as the outer side of the wall (11), one flat card assembly (222) is connected to each end of the slide hoop (221), and the other slide hoop (221) also has two flat card assemblies (222) connected to the two ends, the number of the slide hoop (221) is at least two, the number of the flat card assembly (222) is at least two, the slide hoop (221) and the flat card assembly (222) form a complete annular structure and are slidingly arranged on the outer side of the wall (11), the vane (223) is hingedly connected to each slide hoop (221) in a downward angle, and the outer side of the hinging point of each vane (223) is provided with a flange for angle limiting, the lower side of the vane (223) is provided with an inward inclined surface, the vane assembly (22) is at least two layers and is arranged in parallel in the axial direction of the wall (11), the thickness of the slide hoop (221) in the upper layer is greater than that of the slide hoop (221) in the lower layer in the two adjacent vane assemblies (22), so that the vanes (223) in the upper layer can cover the vane assembly (22) in the lower layer, and the slide hoop (221) in the lower layer is provided with a hole through which the piston rod (21) in the upper slide hoop (221) passes, the upper end of the piston rod (21) is provided with the protruding flat card I (24), the lower side of each slide hoop (221) is fixedly connected with the flat card II (23), the flat card I (24) and the flat card II (23) are connected to provide downward tension for the vane assembly (22), and each piston rod (21) is connected with one layer of vane assembly (22).

2. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 1, characterised in that: The bin body assembly (1) comprises a bin wall (11), a pressure cavity (12), a communication pipe (13), a one-way valve (14), a plug (15), a pull rod (16), a tamping rod (17), a pressure buckle (18) and a sealed bin door (19), the pressure cavities (12) are arranged vertically on the bin wall (11) and at least two in number, the upper end of each pressure cavity (12) is open, the lower end is communicated with the annular communication pipe (13) at the bottom of the bin wall (11), and the one-way valve (14) is fixedly installed at the communication position, the one-way valve (14) is provided with a single-use plug (15) above, the lower end of the pull rod (16) penetrates through the bin wall (11) at the position of the plug (15), the upper end penetrates through the bin wall (11) on the upper side of the bin wall (11), the upper and lower ends of the pull rod (16) are in sliding connection with the bin wall (11), the bottom end of the bin wall (11) is sealed, the upper end is hingedly connected with the sealed bin door, the tamping rod (17) is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the outer wall of the bin wall (11), and the pressure buckle (18) is fixedly arranged on the upper side of the bin wall (11).

3. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 2, characterised in that: The flat card assembly (222) comprises a front card (2221), a rear card (2222) and a rotating buckle (2223), the upper side of the front card is provided with a rectangular protrusion I (2224), the rotating buckle (2223) is hingedly connected to the side surface of the rectangular protrusion I (2224), the lower side of the rear card (2222) is provided with a rectangular protrusion II (2225), the upper side is provided with a rectangular protrusion III (2226), the rectangular protrusion I (2224) and the rectangular protrusion II (2225) are matched with each other, the rectangular protrusion III (2226) is provided with a groove at the bottom and the front end is lapped at the hinging point of the rotating buckle (2223), one end of the rotating buckle (2223) extending towards the rear card (2222) is provided with a rectangular protrusion IV (2227) and is close to the top of the other end of the front card (2221), the rectangular protrusion IV (2227) and the groove at the bottom of the rectangular protrusion III (2226) are matched with each other, and the slide hoop (221) is connected to the front card (2221) and the rear card (2222).

4. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 3, characterised in that: The number of the flat card assemblies (222) of each layer of the blade assembly (22) is equal to the number of the tamping rods (17), the position of each flat card assembly (222) on the blade assembly (22) is that the top of the rotating buckle (2223) is always aligned with the tamping rod (17), so that the top of the rotating buckle (2223) can hit the tamping rod (17) when the blade assembly (22) slides on the outer wall, the upper end of the pull rod (16) penetrates through the bin wall (11) and is clamped at the lower edge of the slide hoop (221), the number of the pressure cavities (12), the pull rods (16), the piston rods (21) and the blade assemblies (22) is equal, and each pressure cavity (12), pull rod (16), piston rod (21) and blade assembly (22) corresponds to one group, and the pressure buckle (18) presses the blades (223) of the uppermost blade assembly (22) in the radial direction.

5. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 4, characterised in that: The exhaust assembly (3) comprises a spiral pipe (31) and a rotating port assembly (32), the bottom of the spiral pipe (31) is communicated with the communicating pipe (13) and extends spirally upward close to the bin wall (11), at least two rotating port assemblies (32) are fixed on the spiral pipe (31) to rotate the oxygen in the spiral pipe (31) to the bin.

6. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 5, characterised in that: The rotating port assembly (32) comprises a fan blade (321), a rotating rod (322) and an exhaust port (323), the bottom of the rotating rod (322) is fixed with the fan blade (321), the rotating rod (322) is rotatably installed on the spiral pipe (31), the fan blade (321) is located in the spiral pipe (31), the rotating rod (322) is hollow in the inside and is provided with the exhaust port (323) on the upper end side, the exhaust port (323) is communicated with the inside of the spiral pipe (31) through the hollow in the inside of the rotating rod (322).

7. A subsea tunnel escape and rescue chamber according to claim 6, characterised in that: The air bag (4) is fixed on the upper surface of the pressing buckle (18), and the air bag (4) switch is connected with the sliding hoop (221) of the uppermost layer of the blade assembly (22).

Images