System for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization, in particular to a system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2, the system comprises an electrolysis device, a separation device and a synthesis device which are connected in sequence, the electrolysis device comprises a cathode, a gas flow path plate, a cathode collector plate, an anode, a liquid flow path plate, an anode collector plate and a diaphragm, the cathode and the anode are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the diaphragm, the gas flow path plate is arranged on the side, away from the diaphragm, of the cathode, the liquid flow path plate is arranged on the side, away from the diaphragm, of the anode, the cathode collector plate is arranged on the side, away from the cathode, of the gas flow path plate, and the liquid flow path plate is arranged on the side, away from the diaphragm, of the anode. And the anode collector plate is arranged on one side, far away from the anode, of the liquid flow path plate. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 has excellent technical effects in the aspects of improvement of electrolysis efficiency, optimization of gas and liquid management, efficient collection and transmission of current, convenience in product separation and subsequent synthesis, environmental protection, sustainability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization, and in particular to a system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of global industrialization, the massive use of fossil fuels as the main source of energy supply has led to a sharp increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, which in turn has caused a series of environmental problems such as global warming. In order to slow down this trend and seek sustainable energy solutions, scientists are actively exploring technical paths to convert CO2 into high-value-added hydrocarbon fuels in order to achieve carbon recycling and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

[0003] However, the CO2 molecule is extremely stable, and its carbon-oxygen bond (C=O) has a high dissociation energy, which means that to reduce CO2 to usable hydrocarbon fuels, a huge energy barrier needs to be overcome. Although traditional thermochemical methods, such as direct production of methane or methanol from CO2 hydrogenation, achieve carbon conversion to a certain extent, the whole process is energy-intensive and often relies on the combustion of fossil fuels to provide the required energy, which undoubtedly exacerbates the CO2 emission problem and forms a vicious cycle.

[0004] In response to the above problems, one of the current research hotspots is to develop more efficient and environmentally friendly CO2 reduction technologies. Among them, the electrolysis method has attracted much attention because it can be driven by electricity generated by renewable energy (such as solar energy and wind energy), thereby achieving a zero-emission or low-emission CO2 reduction process. Through electrolysis, CO2 can be reduced to carbon monoxide (CO). CO is not only a fuel itself, but can also further react with hydrogen (H2) to produce a variety of hydrocarbon fuels or chemical raw materials including methane and methanol, providing a wealth of options for subsequent energy utilization and chemical production.

[0005] On this basis, the present invention proposes a method for preparing hydrocarbon fuels by electrolyzing CO2. The method improves the electrolysis efficiency of CO2 by optimizing the electrolysis conditions, and efficiently couples the generated CO with H2, and utilizes the very mature CO and H2 reaction technology in industry to flexibly produce a variety of hydrocarbon fuels or chemicals. Compared with traditional methods, the present invention not only significantly reduces energy consumption, but also realizes direct and efficient conversion from CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels, providing strong technical support for building a low-carbon, circular, and sustainable energy system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system for preparing hydrocarbon fuels by electrolyzing CO2. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuels by electrolyzing CO2 of the present invention exhibits excellent technical effects in improving electrolysis efficiency, optimizing gas and liquid management, efficiently collecting and transmitting current, facilitating product separation and subsequent synthesis, and environmental protection and sustainability.

[0007] The present invention provides a system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2, comprising an electrolysis device, a separation device and a synthesis device connected in sequence.

[0008] Wherein, the electrolysis device includes a cathode, a gas flow path plate, a cathode current collecting plate, an anode, a liquid flow path plate, an anode current collecting plate and a diaphragm, the cathode and the anode are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the diaphragm, the gas flow path plate is arranged on the side of the cathode away from the diaphragm, the liquid flow path plate is arranged on the side of the anode away from the diaphragm, the cathode current collecting plate is arranged on the side of the gas flow path plate away from the cathode, and the anode current collecting plate is arranged on the side of the liquid flow path plate away from the anode.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the electrolysis device further includes a gas supply unit and a liquid supply unit.

[0010] The gas supply unit comprises a carbon dioxide gas storage tank, a flow meter and a gas distribution pipeline, and the carbon dioxide gas storage tank supplies carbon dioxide gas to the gas flow path plate through the flow meter and the gas distribution pipeline;

[0011] The liquid supply unit comprises an anode liquid storage tank, a liquid supply pump and a liquid distribution pipeline. The anode liquid storage tank supplies anode solution to the liquid flow path plate through the liquid supply pump and the liquid distribution pipeline.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the electrolysis device further comprises a power supply, and the power supply is connected to the cathode current collecting plate and the anode current collecting plate.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the cathode includes a gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer, wherein the gas diffusion layer is close to the gas flow path plate side, and the cathode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm side;

[0014] The gas diffusion layer is a porous hydrophobic material;

[0015] The material of the cathode catalyst layer includes any one of gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, titanium, zinc, carbon, graphene, fullerene and carbon nanotube.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the anode includes a porous substrate and an anode catalyst layer, wherein the porous substrate is close to the liquid flow path plate side, and the anode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm side;

[0017] The material of the anode catalyst layer includes any one of platinum, nickel, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the separation device comprises a separation part arranged obliquely and a collection part arranged at the end of the separation part, and a carbon dioxide separation membrane is arranged in the middle of the separation part;

[0019] The carbon dioxide separation membrane includes any one of a silicon dioxide membrane, a zeolite membrane and a graphene oxide membrane.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the separation device also includes a first collecting tank and a second collecting tank, the first collecting tank is arranged above the separation part close to the intake pipe end and is connected to the separation part, and the second collecting tank is arranged at the end of the collecting part and is connected to the collecting part.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, electric valves are provided on the pipeline connecting the first collecting tank and the separating part, and on the pipeline connecting the second collecting tank and the collecting part, and a carbon monoxide concentration sensor and a hydrogen concentration sensor are provided below the separating part near the end of the intake pipe, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor is provided above one side of the separating part near the collecting part.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the first collecting tank is provided with a carbon monoxide concentration sensor and a hydrogen concentration sensor, and the second collecting tank is provided with a carbon dioxide concentration sensor.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present technical solution, the synthesis device includes any one of a methanation reactor and a methanol synthesis tower.

[0024] The system for electrolyzing CO2 to prepare hydrocarbon fuels of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention can ensure that CO2 gas and electrolyte are evenly distributed and effectively contacted during the electrolysis process by carefully designing the structure of the electrolysis device, especially the configuration that the cathode and the anode are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the diaphragm, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency, so that more CO2 molecules can be effectively converted into precursors of hydrocarbon fuels during the electrolysis process;

[0026] 2. The gas flow plate of the present invention is arranged on the side of the cathode away from the diaphragm, which helps to transport CO2 gas to the cathode surface evenly and efficiently, and prevents the accumulation of gas in the electrolysis chamber, thereby improving the gas utilization rate. Similarly, the liquid flow plate is arranged on the side of the anode away from the diaphragm, ensuring that the electrolyte can be stably and continuously supplied to the anode, providing the necessary ion conduction for the electrolysis process, which not only improves the stability of the system, but also reduces energy waste;

[0027] 3. The cathode current collector and the anode current collector of the present invention are respectively arranged on the side of the gas flow path plate and the liquid flow path plate away from the electrode, which can effectively collect and transmit the current generated during the electrolysis process, reduce resistance loss, and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the design of the current collector also helps to maintain the stability of the electrode structure and extend the service life of the equipment;

[0028] 4. The present invention effectively separates the gas CO, H2 and the remaining unreacted CO2 produced by electrolysis through a separation device, which provides convenience for the subsequent synthesis of hydrocarbon fuels in the synthesis device, not only improves the flexibility of the system, but also makes the connection between each step smoother, which is conducive to realizing a continuous and automated production process;

[0029] 5. The present invention uses CO2, a greenhouse gas, as a raw material to prepare hydrocarbon fuels by electrolysis, which not only helps to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but also can convert waste CO2 into valuable energy products, which is in line with the current global environmental protection and sustainable development concepts;

[0030] Therefore, the system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 of the present invention exhibits excellent technical effects in improving electrolysis efficiency, optimizing gas and liquid management, efficiently collecting and transmitting current, facilitating product separation and subsequent synthesis, and environmental protection and sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system for electrolyzing CO2 to prepare hydrocarbon fuels according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electrolysis device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the separation device of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals:

[0036] 1: cathode; 2: gas flow plate; 3: cathode current collecting plate; 4: anode; 5: liquid flow plate; 6: anode current collecting plate; 7: diaphragm; 8: carbon dioxide gas storage tank; 9: flow meter; 10: gas distribution pipeline; 11: anode liquid storage tank; 12: liquid supply pump; 13: liquid distribution pipeline; 14: power supply; 15: separation part; 16: collection part; 17: carbon dioxide separation membrane; 18: first collection tank; 19: second collection tank; 20: electric valve; 21: carbon monoxide concentration sensor; 22: hydrogen concentration sensor; 23: carbon dioxide concentration sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form also includes the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this description, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example

[0041] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2, comprising an electrolysis device, a separation device and a synthesis device connected in sequence, wherein the electrolysis device comprises a cathode 1, a gas flow path plate 2, a cathode current collector plate 3, an anode 4, a liquid flow path plate 5, an anode current collector plate 6 and a diaphragm 7, the cathode 1 and the anode 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the diaphragm 7, the gas flow path plate 2 is arranged on the side of the cathode 1 away from the diaphragm 7, the liquid flow path plate 5 is arranged on the side of the anode 4 away from the diaphragm 7, the cathode current collector plate 3 is arranged on the side of the gas flow path plate 2 away from the cathode 1, and the anode current collector plate 6 is arranged on the side of the liquid flow path plate 5 away from the anode 4.

[0042] The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 in this embodiment includes an electrolysis device, a separation device and a synthesis device connected in sequence, wherein the electrolysis device is used to reduce CO2 to CO by electrolysis, and the separation device is further used to effectively separate the gas CO, H2 and the remaining unreacted CO2 produced by the electrolysis device, which provides convenience for the subsequent synthesis of hydrocarbon fuel in the synthesis device. Therefore, the present invention uses CO2, a greenhouse gas, as a raw material to prepare hydrocarbon fuel by electrolysis, which not only helps to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, but also can convert waste CO2 into valuable energy products, which is in line with the current global environmental protection and sustainable development concepts.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, the electrolysis device includes a cathode 1, a gas flow path plate 2, a cathode current collecting plate 3, an anode 4, a liquid flow path plate 5, an anode current collecting plate 6 and a diaphragm 7, wherein the cathode 1 and the anode 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the diaphragm 7, which can ensure that the CO2 gas and the electrolyte are evenly distributed and effectively contacted during the electrolysis process, thereby improving the electrolysis efficiency, so that more CO2 molecules can be effectively converted into precursors of hydrocarbon fuels during the electrolysis process; and the gas flow path plate 2 is arranged on the side of the cathode 1 away from the diaphragm 7, which helps to evenly and efficiently transport the CO2 gas to the surface of the cathode 1, while preventing the accumulation of gas in the electrolysis chamber, thereby improving the gas utilization rate. Similarly, the liquid flow path plate 5 is arranged on the side of the anode 4 away from the diaphragm 7, ensuring that the electrolyte can be stably and continuously supplied to the anode 4, providing the necessary ion conduction for the electrolysis process, which not only improves the stability of the system but also reduces energy waste; finally, the cathode collector plate 3 and the anode collector plate 6 are arranged on the side of the gas flow path plate 2 and the liquid flow path plate 5 away from the electrode, respectively, which can effectively collect and transmit the current generated during the electrolysis process, reduce resistance loss, and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. In addition, the design of the collector plate also helps to maintain the stability of the electrode structure and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0044] On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the electrolysis device also includes a gas supply unit and a liquid supply unit, the gas supply unit includes a carbon dioxide storage tank 8, a flow meter 9 and a gas distribution pipeline 10, and the carbon dioxide storage tank 8 supplies carbon dioxide gas to the gas flow path plate 2 through the flow meter 9 and the gas distribution pipeline 10; and the liquid supply unit includes an anode liquid storage tank 11, a liquid supply pump 12 and a liquid distribution pipeline 13, and the anode liquid storage tank 11 supplies anode solution to the liquid flow path plate 5 through the liquid supply pump 12 and the liquid distribution pipeline 13.

[0045] Among them, the gas supply unit can accurately control the flow and pressure of the carbon dioxide gas supplied to the gas flow plate 2 in the electrolysis device through the carbon dioxide storage tank 8, the flow meter 9 and the gas distribution pipeline 10, thereby optimizing the electrolysis process and ensuring the efficient progress of the reaction.

[0046] The liquid supply unit can accurately control the flow rate and concentration of the anode solution supplied to the liquid flow plate 5 in the electrolysis device through the anode liquid storage tank 11, the liquid supply pump 12 and the liquid distribution pipeline 13, thereby helping to maintain the stability and activity of the electrolyte and further improve the electrolysis efficiency.

[0047] Therefore, the arrangement of the gas supply unit and the liquid supply unit in this embodiment can accurately control the supply of raw materials, improve reaction stability and reliability, optimize electrolysis conditions, enhance system flexibility and scalability, and improve safety and environmental protection.

[0048] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the gas supplied by the gas supply unit to the gas flow channel plate 2 is not limited to carbon dioxide, but also includes a gas with carbon dioxide as a main component. The cathode 1 mainly undergoes a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide and water to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

[0049] The gas flow path on the gas flow path plate 2 of this embodiment is mainly composed of grooves on the gas flow path plate 2. The grooves can be used as gas inlets to introduce carbon dioxide gas, and the reducing gas generated by the reduction reaction can be discharged from the grooves and further sent to the separation device.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the anode 4 solution supplied by the liquid supply unit to the liquid flow path plate 5 can be an aqueous solution containing any electrolyte, for example, phosphate ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, etc. The anode 4 mainly undergoes an oxidation reaction of water to generate oxygen and hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions generated by the anode 4 move in the electrolytic solution and the diaphragm 7 present in the anode 4, and after reaching the cathode 1, the electrons of the current supplied to the cathode 1 by the power supply 14 and the hydrogen ions moving to the vicinity of the cathode 1, a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide occurs, and the hydrogen ions also receive electrons to generate hydrogen.

[0051] Similarly, the liquid flow path on the liquid flow path plate 5 of this embodiment is mainly composed of an inlet and an outlet on the liquid flow path plate 5. The anode solution is introduced through the inlet and flows in the liquid flow path in contact with the anode 4.

[0052] On the basis of the above technical solution, further preferably, the electrolysis device further comprises a power supply 14 , and the power supply 14 is connected to the cathode current collecting plate 3 and the anode current collecting plate 6 .

[0053] The power source 14 in this embodiment includes a commercial power source 14 and a power source 14 that converts renewable energy into electrical energy, which is not strictly limited in the present invention.

[0054] On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the cathode 1 includes a gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer, wherein the gas diffusion layer is close to the gas flow path plate 2 side, and the cathode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm 7 side; and the gas diffusion layer is specifically a porous hydrophobic material, such as carbon paper and carbon cloth subjected to hydrophobic treatment, to facilitate gas transmission and diffusion. The material of the cathode catalyst layer includes any one of gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, titanium, zinc, carbon, graphene, fullerene and carbon nanotubes.

[0055] On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the anode 4 includes a porous substrate and an anode catalyst layer, wherein the porous substrate is close to the liquid flow plate 5 side, and the anode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm 7 side; and the material of the anode catalyst layer includes any one of platinum, nickel, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide.

[0056] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the separation device includes an inclined separation portion 15 and a collection portion 16 disposed at the end of the separation portion 15, and a carbon dioxide separation membrane 17 is disposed in the middle of the separation portion 15; wherein the carbon dioxide separation membrane 17 includes any one of a silicon dioxide membrane, a zeolite membrane and a graphene oxide membrane. The carbon dioxide separation membrane 17 has better selectivity, can inhibit the plasticization effect caused by CO2, and is more conducive to separating CO2 from the mixed gas.

[0057] The inclined separation section 15 in the separation device enables the gas mixture to flow along a certain angle when passing through, which helps to evenly distribute and effectively contact the gas on the separation membrane, thereby improving the separation efficiency; and the collection section 16 is used to receive and store the gas obtained after treatment with the separation membrane. Its position is designed to be at the end of the separation section 15, ensuring that the fully separated gas can be effectively collected, avoiding gas escape and waste.

[0058] Specifically, the separation device also includes a first collecting tank 18 and a second collecting tank 19. The first collecting tank 18 is arranged above the separation part 15 near the intake pipe end and is connected to the separation part 15, and is mainly used to collect carbon monoxide and hydrogen with lower density. The second collecting tank 19 is arranged at the end of the collecting part 16 and is connected to the collecting part 16, and is mainly used to collect carbon dioxide with higher density.

[0059] On the basis of the above technical solution, it is further preferred that an electric valve 20 is provided on the pipeline connecting the first collecting tank 18 and the separation part 15, and on the pipeline connecting the second collecting tank 19 and the collection part 16. By closing the electric valve 20, the collection of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the first collecting tank 18 can be controlled, and the collection of carbon dioxide by the second collecting tank 19 can be controlled. In addition, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor 21 and a hydrogen concentration sensor 22 are provided below the separation part 15 near the intake pipe end, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 23 is provided above the side of the separation part 15 near the collection part 16. When the carbon monoxide and hydrogen concentrations detected by the carbon monoxide concentration sensor 21 and the hydrogen concentration sensor 22 below the separation part 15 near the intake pipe end are high, the electric valve 20 at the front end of the first collecting tank 18 can be opened to collect carbon monoxide and hydrogen; when the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 23 provided above the side of the separation part 15 near the collection part 16 is high, the electric valve 20 at the front end of the second collecting tank 19 can be opened to collect carbon dioxide.

[0060] In addition, in this embodiment, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor 21 and a hydrogen concentration sensor 22 are further provided on the first collection tank 18, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 23 is further provided on the second collection tank 19. When the carbon monoxide concentration sensor 21 and the hydrogen concentration sensor 22 provided on the first collection tank 18 detect that the concentrations of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the first collection tank 18 are high, the electric valve 20 is closed, and the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the first collection tank 18 need to be discharged to other storage tanks or collected to the synthesis device; when the carbon dioxide concentration sensor 23 provided on the second collection tank 19 detects that the carbon dioxide concentration in the second collection tank 19 is high, the electric valve 20 is closed, and the carbon dioxide in the second collection tank 19 is discharged to other storage tanks or reused in the electrolysis device.

[0061] In this embodiment, the synthesis device includes any one of a methanation reactor and a methanol synthesis tower, and other synthesis devices can also be selected according to the needs of preparing other hydrocarbon chemicals.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2, characterized in that: It includes an electrolysis device, a separation device and a synthesis device connected in sequence, The electrolysis device comprises a cathode (1), a gas flow path plate (2), a cathode current collecting plate (3), an anode (4), a liquid flow path plate (5), an anode current collecting plate (6) and a diaphragm (7); the cathode (1) and the anode (4) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the diaphragm (7); the gas flow path plate (2) is arranged on a side of the cathode (1) away from the diaphragm (7); the liquid flow path plate (5) is arranged on a side of the anode (4) away from the diaphragm (7); the cathode current collecting plate (3) is arranged on a side of the gas flow path plate (2) away from the cathode (1); and the anode current collecting plate (6) is arranged on a side of the liquid flow path plate (5) away from the anode (4).

2. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolysis device further comprises a gas supply unit and a liquid supply unit. The gas supply unit comprises a carbon dioxide gas storage tank (8), a flow meter (9) and a gas distribution pipeline (10), and the carbon dioxide gas storage tank (8) supplies carbon dioxide gas to the gas flow path plate (2) through the flow meter (9) and the gas distribution pipeline (10); The liquid supply unit comprises an anode liquid storage tank (11), a liquid supply pump (12) and a liquid distribution pipeline (13); the anode liquid storage tank (11) supplies anode solution to the liquid flow path plate (5) through the liquid supply pump (12) and the liquid distribution pipeline (13).

3. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolysis device further comprises a power source (14), wherein the power source (14) is connected to the cathode current collecting plate (3) and the anode current collecting plate (6).

4. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode (1) comprises a gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer, wherein the gas diffusion layer is close to the gas flow path plate (2) side, and the cathode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm (7) side; The gas diffusion layer is a porous hydrophobic material; The material of the cathode catalyst layer includes any one of gold, silver, copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, titanium, zinc, carbon, graphene, fullerene and carbon nanotube.

5. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode (4) comprises a porous substrate and an anode catalyst layer, wherein the porous substrate is close to the liquid flow path plate (5) and the anode catalyst layer is close to the diaphragm (7); The material of the anode catalyst layer includes any one of platinum, nickel, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide and indium oxide.

6. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation device comprises a separation portion (15) arranged obliquely and a collection portion (16) arranged at the end of the separation portion (15), and a carbon dioxide separation membrane (17) is arranged in the middle of the separation portion (15); The carbon dioxide separation membrane (17) includes any one of a silicon dioxide membrane, a zeolite membrane and a graphene oxide membrane.

7. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 6, characterized in that: The separation device further comprises a first collecting tank (18) and a second collecting tank (19), wherein the first collecting tank (18) is arranged above the separation portion (15) near the end of the air intake pipe and is communicated with the separation portion (15), and the second collecting tank (19) is arranged at the end of the collecting portion (16) and is communicated with the collecting portion (16).

8. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 7, characterized in that: Electric valves (20) are provided on the pipeline connecting the first collecting tank (18) and the separation part (15), and on the pipeline connecting the second collecting tank (19) and the collection part (16), and a carbon monoxide concentration sensor (21) and a hydrogen concentration sensor (22) are provided below the separation part (15) close to the intake pipe end, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor (23) is provided above the separation part (15) on one side close to the collection part (16).

9. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first collecting tank (18) is provided with a carbon monoxide concentration sensor (21) and a hydrogen concentration sensor (22), and the second collecting tank (19) is provided with a carbon dioxide concentration sensor (23).

10. The system for preparing hydrocarbon fuel by electrolyzing CO2 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthesis device comprises any one of a methanation reactor and a methanol synthesis tower.

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