Vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation support and mounting method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation support and a mounting method thereof, the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic mitigation and isolation support comprises a vertical seismic mitigation and isolation device and a horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device, and the horizontal seismic mitigation and isolation device adopts a friction pendulum support; in the vertical shock absorption and isolation device, a guide piece and a spiral spring are arranged between a vertical upper connecting plate and a vertical lower connecting plate, and the spiral spring is arranged on the guide piece in a sleeving mode. The self-resetting friction damping piece is arranged between the vertical upper connecting plate and the vertical lower connecting plate and comprises cover plates, clamping plates, disc springs and second bolts, the two clamping plates are clamped by the pair of cover plates, surfaces with inclination angles are arranged at the clamping positions of the cover plates and the clamping plates, the inclination angles of the surfaces of the cover plates and the clamping plates are complementary, the disc springs are arranged on the two sides of the cover plates, and the disc springs are arranged on the second bolts. The second bolt penetrates through the clamping plate and the cover plates and the disc springs on the two sides. Compared with the prior art, under the condition that the requirement for the vertical bearing capacity is met, shock absorption and isolation in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the structure can be achieved, and meanwhile the self-resetting capacity in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of shock absorption and isolation of engineering structures, and relates to a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional shock absorption and isolation support and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional seismic isolation systems are mainly designed to resist horizontal earthquakes, but with the deepening of understanding of vertical seismic components, especially in near-fault earthquakes, the threat of vertical seismic effects to building safety and functionality cannot be ignored. In strong earthquakes, especially near-fault earthquakes, the vertical component can reach the same strength as the horizontal component. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a vertical seismic isolation system to effectively absorb the energy transmitted from the vertical component to the upper structure, thereby reducing the damage caused by vertical impacts, reducing structural damage and improving seismic toughness, ensuring that the structure remains intact in strong earthquakes.

[0003] In recent years, earthquake damage investigations have found that after the earthquake loading ends, the seismic isolation layer of the structure may have large residual displacements. The residual displacements after the earthquake will cause permanent deformation of the structure, affect the normal use of the building after the earthquake, weaken the structure's ability to resist aftershocks, and increase the risk of structural damage. In addition, vertical residual displacements will change the stress state of the internal components of the structure, making the load distribution of the structure no longer uniform, which may cause stability problems of the structure, especially the impact on load-bearing components such as columns, supports and floor slabs, increasing the risk of structural collapse. Structures with residual displacements usually require structural repairs to restore their original state and safety, which will involve expensive repair costs, extended downtime, and interference with operational plans.

[0004] Patent CN117052008A discloses a self-resetting energy-absorbing three-dimensional combined seismic isolation bearing and its installation method, including a vertical shock absorbing device and a horizontal shock absorbing device connected up and down, the vertical shock absorbing device includes a vertical upward connecting plate, a spring and a vertical downward connecting plate, and the horizontal shock absorbing device adopts a friction pendulum bearing, including a horizontal upward connecting plate, a horizontal U-shaped damper and a horizontal downward connecting plate; the spring adopts a shape memory alloy spring, which is respectively connected to the vertical upward connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate; the horizontal U-shaped damper adopts a shape memory alloy U-shaped damper, which is respectively connected to the horizontal upward connecting plate and the horizontal downward connecting plate. Although the patent adopts a shape memory alloy spring in the vertical direction, the vertical load provided by the spiral spring is small and it is difficult to bear the vertical deadweight of the structure, and the vertical self-resetting ability is provided by the superelasticity of the material, which is greatly affected by temperature. In the low temperature environment in winter, the superelasticity of the shape memory alloy material is reduced, and the vertical self-resetting ability of the device is reduced.

[0005] Patent CN113374106A discloses an SMA high-energy self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation device, a horizontal shock absorbing device, a vertical shock absorbing device and a limit device. The horizontal shock absorbing device includes a lower connecting plate and a middle connecting plate. A lower sealing plate, a cushion plate and an upper sealing plate are arranged in sequence from the lower connecting plate to the middle connecting plate. A built-in lead core perpendicular to the lower sealing plate is arranged between the lower connecting plate and the middle connecting plate. The built-in lead core is located at the center of the lower sealing plate. An SMA wire is arranged between the lower sealing plate and the upper sealing plate. A magnet is arranged in an array on the periphery of the cushion plate. An anchor bolt is fixed to the lower end of the lower connecting plate. The vertical shock absorbing device includes an upper connecting plate. The invention relates to a plate and a viscous damper, wherein the viscous damper is fixed between the upper connecting plate and the middle connecting plate; the limit device comprises an upper limit plate and two lower limit plates arranged in parallel, wherein one end of the two lower limit plates arranged in parallel is fixedly connected to the upper end of the middle connecting plate, and one end of the upper limit plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper connecting plate, and a limit hole is provided on the upper limit plate, and a limit block is fixed between the two lower limit plates, and the limit block is located in the limit hole of the upper limit plate; a plurality of viscous dampers are arranged in an array between the upper connecting plate and the middle connecting plate; a disc spring is arranged on the outer side of the viscous damper, and the two ends of the disc spring are respectively fixed to the lower end of the upper connecting plate and the upper end of the middle connecting plate. However, the viscous damper used in this patent has poor durability, and the seal may age or be damaged under long-term service, resulting in leakage of the damping fluid, and regular inspection and maintenance are required; under the cyclic load of vehicle movement, material fatigue may be caused, which will affect the service life of the device.

[0006] Patent CN118133529A discloses a calculation method and system based on a displacement amplification type self-resetting friction damping device, including a self-resetting friction damping device and a displacement amplification rod with an end connecting plate; the self-resetting friction damping device includes a first outer friction energy absorbing plate, an inner friction energy absorbing plate and a second outer friction energy absorbing plate which are sequentially stacked, with the mating ends of the three groups of friction energy absorbing plates as fixed ends, the extension directions of the cantilever ends of the two groups of outer friction energy absorbing plates are in the same direction and opposite to the extension direction of the inner friction energy absorbing plate, and the fixed ends of the three groups of friction energy absorbing plates are engaged with each other in the extension direction in a trapezoidal tooth engagement manner; a pre-stressing bolt is arranged through the vertical direction of each friction energy absorbing plate surface, and a pre-stressing disc spring group is coaxially sleeved on the pre-stressing bolt, one end of the pre-stressing disc spring group is pressed against the corresponding outer friction energy absorbing plate and the other end is pressed by a pre-stressing nut, at which time the outer friction energy absorbing plate and the inner friction energy absorbing plate can perform reciprocating linear motion along the extension direction. However, the self-resetting friction damping device proposed in the patent cannot be directly applied to the vertical seismic reduction and isolation of the structure. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing and its installation method in order to overcome at least one defect of the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention can realize vertical and horizontal seismic isolation of the structure while meeting the vertical bearing capacity requirements, and at the same time has vertical and horizontal self-resetting capabilities.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, which includes a vertical seismic isolation device and a horizontal seismic isolation device connected up and down, wherein the vertical seismic isolation device includes a vertical upper connecting plate, a self-resetting friction damping member, a guide member, a coil spring and a vertical lower connecting plate, and the horizontal seismic isolation device adopts a friction pendulum bearing;

[0010] The guide member and the coil spring are arranged between the vertical upward connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate, the two ends of the guide member are respectively connected to the vertical upward connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate, and the coil spring is sleeved on the guide member;

[0011] The self-resetting friction damping member is arranged between the vertical connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate, and the two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member are respectively connected to the vertical connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate. The self-resetting friction damping member includes a cover plate, a clamping plate, a disc spring and a second bolt. A pair of cover plates clamp two clamping plates, and the clamping part of the cover plate and the clamping plate is provided with an inclined surface. The inclination angles of the cover plate and the clamping plate surfaces are complementary, and the two can fit tightly. Disc springs are arranged on both sides of the cover plate, and the second bolt passes through the clamping plate and the cover plate and disc spring on both sides.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the vertical seismic isolation device is arranged above the horizontal seismic isolation device, and through holes are provided on the vertical lower connecting plate and the horizontal upper connecting plate. The positions of the through holes in the vertical lower connecting plate and the horizontal upper connecting plate correspond to each other. The vertical seismic isolation device and the horizontal seismic isolation device are fixedly connected by a first bolt passing through the vertical lower connecting plate and the horizontal upper connecting plate, thereby completing the assembly of the three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, which is convenient for assembly and replacement.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the surface of the cover plate is convex outwardly and the surface of the clamping plate is concave inwardly.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of disc springs are arranged on both sides of the cover plate, and the disc springs can be combined into a disc spring group by one or more methods of overlapping and matching according to design requirements. Overlapping multiple disc springs can increase the bearing capacity of the disc spring group, and matching multiple disc springs can increase the deformation of the disc spring group.

[0015] Furthermore, the second bolt adopts a high-strength bolt, which is made of high-strength material. The high-strength material is selected from one or more of alloy steel, carbon steel, and stainless steel. It can withstand greater tension and shear force and is suitable for dynamic loading. The disc spring, cover plate and clamp are fixed by applying a pre-tightening force through the nut. The size of the pre-tightening force can be adjusted according to design requirements. The high-strength bolt can ensure a tight connection through the pre-tightening force to reduce the risk of loosening.

[0016] Furthermore, the cover plate is provided with a through hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle, and the clamping plate is provided with a waist-shaped hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle, and relative sliding can occur between the clamping plate and the cover plate under the action of external force.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the diameter of the holes in the cover plate and the clamping plate is larger than the diameter of the second bolt, and the inner diameter of the disc spring is slightly larger than the diameter of the second bolt.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the difference between the inner diameter of the disc spring and the diameter of the second bolt is recommended to be 0.5-1.5 mm to prevent multiple disc springs from being misaligned during compression deformation, thereby affecting the restoring force of the device.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the self-resettling friction damping member is arranged around the vertical connecting plate, a base is provided at the outer end of the clamping plate, a through hole is opened on the base, the self-resettling friction damping member and the vertical connecting plate are fixedly connected by a first bolt passing through the base and the vertical connecting plate, which is convenient for post-earthquake inspection and replacement of the self-resettling friction damping member.

[0020] Furthermore, the guide member includes a sleeve and a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fixed in the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on one side, and the other end extends into the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on the other side for sliding connection, the coil spring is sleeved on the guide rod, and the two ends of the coil spring are respectively connected to the sleeves of the vertical upper connecting plate and the vertical lower connecting plate. The guide member provides a larger horizontal lateral stiffness for the vertical seismic isolation device to prevent horizontal relative displacement between the vertical upper connecting plate and the vertical lower connecting plate.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the inner diameter of the coil spring is larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod, so that the coil spring can be compressed when the guide rod slides vertically, achieving a vertical seismic isolation effect and preventing the coil spring from torsional deformation out of the plane.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the guide member is arranged at the center of the vertical connecting plate, a base is provided at the outer end of the sleeve, a through hole is opened on the base, and the guide member and the vertical connecting plate are fixedly connected by a first bolt passing through the base and the vertical connecting plate, which is convenient for assembling and replacing the guide member.

[0023] Furthermore, the horizontal seismic isolation device includes a horizontal upper connecting plate, an upper sliding surface, a sliding block, a lower sliding surface and a horizontal lower connecting plate, the upper sliding surface is connected to the horizontal upper connecting plate, the lower sliding surface is connected to the horizontal lower connecting plate, and the sliding block is slidably arranged between the upper sliding surface and the lower sliding surface.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, the sliding surface is arranged at the center of the horizontal connecting plate, and the sliding surface and the horizontal connecting plate are connected by welding.

[0025] Furthermore, the horizontal seismic isolation device also includes a U-shaped damper, which is arranged between the horizontal upper connecting plate and the horizontal lower connecting plate. The two ends of the U-shaped damper are respectively connected to the horizontal upper connecting plate and the horizontal lower connecting plate. Under the action of external force, a relative displacement is generated between the horizontal upper connecting plate and the horizontal lower connecting plate, driving the U-shaped damper to undergo in-plane shear deformation and out-of-plane torsional deformation, providing good energy absorption capacity.

[0026] Furthermore, the material of the U-shaped damper is a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is selected from one or more of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, copper-based shape memory alloy, and iron-based shape memory alloy. Because the material has superelastic properties at room temperature, it can effectively reduce the post-earthquake horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum bearing and improve the horizontal self-resetting ability of the friction pendulum bearing.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, the U-shaped damper is arranged around the horizontal connecting plate, both ends of the U-shaped damper are connected to the base, through holes are provided on one end of the U-shaped damper and the base, the positions of the through holes of the U-shaped damper and the base correspond to each other, and the U-shaped damper and the horizontal connecting plate are fixedly connected by a first bolt that passes through one end of the U-shaped damper, the base and the horizontal connecting plate, so as to facilitate the replacement and installation of the U-shaped damper after the earthquake.

[0028] Furthermore, the vertical seismic isolation device is connected to the horizontal seismic isolation device through a first bolt, the self-resetting friction damping member is connected to the vertical connecting plate through a first bolt, the guide member is connected to the vertical connecting plate through a first bolt, and the U-shaped damper is connected to the horizontal connecting plate through a first bolt.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution, the main body of the vertical seismic isolation device is usually made of steel, and a guide member is arranged in the vertical seismic isolation device to provide a larger horizontal lateral stiffness and a smaller vertical stiffness; the friction pendulum bearing of the horizontal seismic isolation device is usually made of steel, and the horizontal upper connecting plate, upper sliding surface, slide plate, lower sliding surface and horizontal lower connecting plate are always in contact, with a larger vertical stiffness and capable of bearing the deadweight load of the upper structure; therefore, under the action of a three-dimensional earthquake, the vertical seismic isolation device mainly undergoes vertical compression deformation, and the horizontal seismic isolation device mainly undergoes horizontal shear deformation.

[0030] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for installing the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, the method comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1, assembling the guide member and the coil spring, passing the guide rod of the guide member through the coil spring, and fixing the sleeves at both ends of the guide member to the vertical upward connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate respectively by means of a first bolt;

[0032] S2. Assemble the self-resetting friction damper, assemble the disc spring by overlapping or matching, pass the second bolt through the disc spring, the cover plate and the clamping plate, apply a pre-tightening force to the disc spring through the nut, and fix the cover plate and the clamping plate;

[0033] S3, fixing the two end clamps of the self-resetting friction damper to the vertical upward connecting plate and the vertical downward connecting plate respectively by means of first bolts;

[0034] S4, assemble the friction pendulum support, install the U-shaped damper between the horizontal upper connecting plate and the horizontal lower connecting plate, align it with the through hole position and fix it with the first bolt;

[0035] S5. Align the through-hole positions of the vertical lower connecting plate and the horizontal upper connecting plate, connect the vertical seismic isolation device and the horizontal seismic isolation device through the first bolt, and combine them to form a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) When the load of the present invention is less than a specific value, the self-resetting friction damping member has a large stiffness and can bear the gravity load of the upper structure during the normal working stage; in addition, the vertical bearing capacity can be further provided by pre-stressing the spiral spring in the vertical seismic isolation device; when encountering an earthquake, the vertical load on the vertical seismic isolation device changes. When the load is greater than the set value, the self-resetting friction damping member begins to slide, and the vertical stiffness of the vertical seismic isolation device is significantly reduced, which has the effect of vertical seismic isolation on the upper structure;

[0038] (2) When an external force acts on the vertical seismic isolation device of the present invention, the cover plate of the self-resetting friction damping member and the inclined surface of the clamping plate slide relative to each other; during the sliding process, the friction force does work on the system, converting the input kinetic energy into heat energy, forming an energy dissipation mechanism based on friction force, thereby providing the vertical seismic isolation device with excellent energy dissipation capacity and reducing the seismic energy input to the upper structure;

[0039] (3) The inclined friction mechanism of the cover plate and the clamping plate in the self-resetting friction damping member of the present invention and the horizontal elastic force provided by the disc spring group can provide excellent self-resetting ability; when the external force disappears or decreases to the design value, the horizontal force provided by the disc spring group can push the cover plate and the clamping plate to return to their initial positions, so that the vertical seismic isolation device has good vertical self-resetting ability and effectively reduces the vertical residual displacement of the upper structure;

[0040] (4) The present invention can adjust the initial sliding force, post-sliding stiffness, peak bearing capacity and restoring force of the vertical seismic isolation device by modifying the inclination angle, friction coefficient, disc spring specifications and preload force of the inclined surface of the self-resetting friction damping member, so as to cope with different seismic fortification requirements of the superstructure;

[0041] (5) The friction pendulum bearing of the present invention can play a horizontal seismic isolation effect on the upper structure. When the friction pendulum bearing undergoes relative slip, it can drive the U-shaped damper to undergo shear and torsional deformation. The seismic energy is dissipated through the plastic deformation of the U-shaped damper, further improving the energy dissipation capacity of the horizontal seismic isolation device.

[0042] (6) Shape memory alloys have superelastic properties at room temperature. The present invention uses shape memory alloys to process U-shaped dampers, so that the U-shaped dampers have good self-resetting capabilities after deformation, thereby reducing the horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum support.

[0043] (7) The vertical seismic isolation device of the present invention is made of ordinary steel, coil springs and disc springs. The materials are easy to obtain and have stable mechanical properties. The cost is low and can be produced on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the vertical seismic isolation device in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the guide member and the coil spring in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the self-resetting friction damping member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a top cross-sectional structure of a vertical seismic isolation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the self-resetting friction damping member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the self-resetting friction damping member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the disc spring in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Fig.10 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of a splint in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the splint in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the bottom view of the cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the front structure of the cover plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Description of the markings in the figure:

[0058] 1—vertical connecting plate, 2—self-resetting friction damping member, 3—vertical downward connecting plate, 4—helical spring, 5—guide member, 6—horizontal upper connecting plate, 7—horizontal lower connecting plate, 8—upper sliding surface, 9—lower sliding surface, 10—sliding block, 11—U-shaped damper, 12—first bolt, 13—disc spring, 14—second bolt, 15—cover plate, 16—clamping plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used to describe common objects, which only refer to different instances of the same object, and are not intended to imply that the objects described in this way must adopt a given order, whether in time, space, order or any other way.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] Example:

[0063] A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, such as Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 6As shown, it includes a vertical seismic isolation device and a horizontal seismic isolation device connected up and down. The vertical seismic isolation device includes a vertical upper connecting plate 1, a self-resetting friction damping member 2, a guide member 5, a coil spring 4 and a vertical lower connecting plate 3 from top to bottom. The horizontal seismic isolation device uses a friction pendulum support, and includes a horizontal upper connecting plate 6, a U-shaped damper 11, an upper sliding surface 8, a slider 10, a lower sliding surface 9 and a horizontal lower connecting plate 7 from top to bottom;

[0064] The vertical seismic isolation device is arranged above the horizontal seismic isolation device. The four corners of the vertical lower connecting plate 3 and the horizontal upper connecting plate 6 are each provided with a through hole. The positions of the through holes of the vertical lower connecting plate 3 and the horizontal upper connecting plate 6 correspond to each other. The vertical seismic isolation device and the horizontal seismic isolation device are fixedly connected by passing the first bolt 12 through the vertical lower connecting plate 3 and the horizontal upper connecting plate 6, completing the assembly of the three-dimensional seismic isolation support, which is convenient for assembly and replacement.

[0065] The upper sliding surface 8 is connected to the horizontal upper connecting plate 6, the lower sliding surface 9 is connected to the horizontal lower connecting plate 7, and the slider 10 is slidably disposed between the upper sliding surface 8 and the lower sliding surface 9;

[0066] The sliding surface is arranged at the center of the horizontal connecting plate, and the sliding surface and the horizontal connecting plate are connected by welding;

[0067] The U-shaped damper 11 is arranged between the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7. The two ends of the U-shaped damper 11 are respectively connected to the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7. Under the action of external force, a relative displacement occurs between the upper horizontal connecting plate 6 and the lower horizontal connecting plate 7, driving the U-shaped damper 11 to undergo in-plane shear deformation and out-of-plane torsional deformation, thereby providing good energy dissipation capacity.

[0068] The material of the U-shaped damper 11 is a shape memory alloy, which is selected from one or more of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, and an iron-based shape memory alloy. In this embodiment, the nickel-titanium shape memory alloy is preferred because the material has superelastic properties at room temperature, which can effectively reduce the horizontal residual deformation of the friction pendulum bearing after the earthquake and improve the horizontal self-resetting ability of the friction pendulum bearing.

[0069] Four groups of U-shaped dampers 11 are symmetrically arranged around the horizontal connecting plate, both ends of the U-shaped damper 11 are connected to the base, one end of the U-shaped damper 11 and the base are provided with two through holes, the positions of the through holes of the U-shaped damper 11 and the base correspond, the U-shaped damper 11 and the horizontal connecting plate are fixedly connected by a first bolt 12 passing through one end of the U-shaped damper 11, the base and the horizontal connecting plate, so that the U-shaped damper 11 can be replaced and installed conveniently after the earthquake;

[0070] like Figure 4As shown, the guide member 5 and the coil spring 4 are arranged between the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3, and the two ends of the guide member 5 are respectively connected to the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3. The guide member 5 includes a sleeve and a guide rod. One end of the guide rod is fixed in the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on one side, and the other end extends into the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on the other side for sliding connection. In this embodiment, the lower end is fixed and the upper end slides. The coil spring 4 is sleeved on the guide rod, and the two ends of the coil spring 4 are respectively connected to the sleeves of the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3. The guide member 5 provides a large horizontal lateral stiffness for the vertical seismic isolation device to prevent horizontal relative displacement between the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3.

[0071] The inner diameter of the coil spring 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the guide rod, so that the coil spring 4 can be compressed when the guide rod slides vertically, achieving a vertical seismic isolation effect, while preventing the coil spring 4 from torsional deformation out of the plane;

[0072] Four groups of guide members 5 are symmetrically arranged at the center of the vertical connecting plate. A base is provided at the outer end of the sleeve. A through hole is provided at each of the four corners of the base. The guide member 5 and the vertical connecting plate are fixedly connected by a first bolt 12 passing through the base and the vertical connecting plate, which facilitates assembly and replacement of the guide member 5.

[0073] like Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the self-resetting friction damping member 2 is arranged between the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3, and the two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 are respectively connected to the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3, and the self-resetting friction damping member 2 includes a cover plate 15, a clamping plate 16, a disc spring 13 and a second bolt 14. A pair of cover plates 15 clamps two clamping plates 16, and a surface with an angle is provided at the clamping position of the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16. The inclination angles of the surfaces of the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16 are complementary, and the two can fit tightly. A plurality of disc springs 13 are arranged on both sides of the cover plate 15, and the second bolt 14 passes through the clamping plate 16 and the cover plates 15 and the disc springs 13 on both sides;

[0074] The surface of the cover plate 15 is convex outward, and the surface of the clamping plate 16 is concave inward;

[0075] like Fig. 9 As shown, the disc spring 13 can be combined into a disc spring group in one or more ways of overlapping and matching according to design requirements. Multiple disc springs 13 can be overlapped to increase the bearing capacity of the disc spring group, and multiple disc springs 13 can be matched to increase the deformation of the disc spring group. In this embodiment, it is preferred to adopt a combination of overlapping and matching at the same time. Two disc springs are overlapped to form a disc spring pair, and 10 disc spring pairs are matched to form a disc spring group, which can meet the requirements of bearing capacity and deformation at the same time.

[0076] The second bolt 14 is made of high-strength bolts, which are made of high-strength materials. The high-strength materials are selected from one or more of alloy steel, carbon steel, and stainless steel. In this embodiment, alloy steel is preferred, which can withstand greater tension and shear force and is suitable for dynamic loading. The disc spring 13, the cover plate 15, and the clamping plate 16 are fixed by applying a pre-tightening force through the nut. The pre-tightening force can be adjusted according to design requirements. The high-strength bolt can ensure a tight connection through the pre-tightening force to reduce the risk of loosening;

[0077] like Figures 10 to 13 As shown, the cover plate 15 is provided with a through hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle, and the clamping plate 16 is provided with a waist-shaped hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle, and relative slippage can occur between the clamping plate 16 and the cover plate 15 under the action of external force;

[0078] The diameter of the holes of the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16 is larger than the diameter of the second bolt 14, and the inner diameter of the disc spring 13 is slightly larger than the diameter of the second bolt 14;

[0079] The difference between the inner diameter of the disc spring 13 and the diameter of the second bolt 14 is recommended to be 0.5-1.5 mm to prevent the disc springs 13 from being misaligned during compression deformation, which affects the restoring force of the device. In this embodiment, 1 mm is preferred;

[0080] Four groups of self-resetting friction damping members 2 are symmetrically arranged around the vertical connecting plate. A base is provided at the outer end of the clamping plate 16. A through hole is provided on each side of the base. The self-resetting friction damping member 2 is fixedly connected to the vertical connecting plate by a first bolt 12 passing through the base and the vertical connecting plate, so as to facilitate the inspection and replacement of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 after the earthquake.

[0081] The main body of the vertical seismic isolation device is usually made of steel. The guide member 5 is arranged in the vertical seismic isolation device, which can provide a larger horizontal lateral stiffness and a smaller vertical stiffness. The friction pendulum support of the horizontal seismic isolation device is usually made of steel. The horizontal upper connecting plate 6, the upper sliding surface 8, the sliding plate 10, the lower sliding surface 9 and the horizontal lower connecting plate 7 are always in contact. The vertical stiffness is relatively large and can bear the deadweight load of the upper structure. Therefore, under the action of three-dimensional earthquakes, the vertical seismic isolation device mainly undergoes vertical compression deformation, and the horizontal seismic isolation device mainly undergoes horizontal shear deformation.

[0082] The installation method of the vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing has the following specific steps:

[0083] S1, assemble the guide member 5 and the coil spring 4, pass the guide rod of the guide member 5 through the coil spring 4, and fix the sleeves at both ends of the guide member 5 to the vertical connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3 respectively by the first bolt 12;

[0084] S2, assemble the self-resetting friction damping member 2, assemble the disc spring 13 by overlapping or matching, pass the second bolt 14 through the disc spring 13, the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16, apply a pre-tightening force to the disc spring 13 through the nut, and fix the cover plate 15 and the clamping plate 16;

[0085] S3, fixing the two end clamping plates 16 of the self-resetting friction damping member 2 to the vertical upward connecting plate 1 and the vertical downward connecting plate 3 respectively by means of the first bolts 12;

[0086] S4, assemble the friction pendulum support, install the U-shaped damper 11 between the horizontal upper connecting plate 6 and the horizontal lower connecting plate 7, align the through hole position and fix it with the first bolt 12;

[0087] S5. Align the through-hole positions of the vertical lower connecting plate 3 and the horizontal upper connecting plate 6, and connect the vertical seismic isolation device and the horizontal seismic isolation device through the first bolt 12 to form a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing.

[0088] The present invention is composed of a vertical seismic isolation device and a horizontal seismic isolation device connected in series, which can exert a three-way seismic isolation effect under the action of an earthquake. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing is formed by a self-resetting friction damping element 2, a coil spring 4, a friction pendulum bearing and a U-shaped damper 11 of a shape memory alloy. The coil spring 4 provides an initial vertical bearing capacity, and the vertical energy dissipation capacity and self-resetting capacity are provided by the inclined friction mechanism of the self-resetting friction damping element 2 and the compression reaction force of the disc spring group. Combined with the vertical sliding of the guide rod connected in parallel with the self-resetting friction damping element 2 and the vertical compression deformation of the coil spring 4, the vertical seismic isolation of the structure is realized, and the vertical dynamic response and vertical residual deformation of the structure are reduced; the friction pendulum bearing plays a horizontal seismic isolation effect. On the basis of the friction pendulum bearing, a U-shaped damper 11 of a shape memory alloy is arranged horizontally to provide the friction pendulum bearing with horizontal energy dissipation capacity while increasing the self-resetting capacity, thereby reducing the horizontal residual deformation of the seismic isolation layer.

[0089] The present invention applies a self-resetting friction damping element 2 and a U-shaped damper 11 of shape memory alloy to a seismic isolation device. The proposed device can not only isolate the vertical and horizontal seismic components at the same time, but also has excellent seismic isolation effects in the vertical and horizontal directions, thereby improving the seismic toughness of the structure. At the same time, it has good self-resetting capabilities in three directions, thereby effectively controlling the horizontal and vertical residual displacements of the structure after an earthquake.

[0090] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing, characterized in that: The three-dimensional seismic isolation support comprises a vertical seismic isolation device and a horizontal seismic isolation device connected up and down, the vertical seismic isolation device comprising a vertical upward connecting plate (1), a self-resetting friction damping member (2), a guide member (5), a coil spring (4) and a vertical downward connecting plate (3), and the horizontal seismic isolation device adopts a friction pendulum support; The guide member (5) and the coil spring (4) are arranged between the vertical upward connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3); the two ends of the guide member (5) are respectively connected to the vertical upward connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3); and the coil spring (4) is sleeved on the guide member (5); The self-resetting friction damping member (2) is arranged between the vertical connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3), and the two ends of the self-resetting friction damping member (2) are respectively connected to the vertical connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3). The self-resetting friction damping member (2) includes a cover plate (15), a clamping plate (16), a disc spring (13) and a second bolt (14). A pair of cover plates (15) clamps two clamping plates (16). The clamping position of the cover plate (15) and the clamping plate (16) is provided with an inclined surface. The inclination angles of the surfaces of the cover plate (15) and the clamping plate (16) are complementary. Disc springs (13) are arranged on both sides of the cover plate (15). The second bolt (14) passes through the clamping plate (16) and the cover plates (15) and the disc springs (13) on both sides.

2. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of disc springs (13) are arranged on both sides of the cover plate (15), and the disc springs (13) are combined in one or more ways of overlapping and matching.

3. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second bolt (14) is a high-strength bolt, and a pre-tightening force is applied by a nut to fix the disc spring (13), the cover plate (15) and the clamping plate (16).

4. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cover plate (15) is provided with a through hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle, and the clamping plate (16) is provided with a waist-shaped hole with the center of the inclined surface as the center of the circle.

5. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The guide member (5) comprises a sleeve and a guide rod, one end of the guide rod is fixed in the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on one side, and the other end extends into the sleeve of the vertical connecting plate on the other side for sliding connection, the coil spring (4) is sleeved on the guide rod, and the two ends of the coil spring (4) are respectively connected to the sleeves of the vertical upward connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3).

6. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The horizontal seismic isolation device comprises a horizontal upper connecting plate (6), an upper sliding surface (8), a sliding block (10), a lower sliding surface (9) and a horizontal lower connecting plate (7); the upper sliding surface (8) is connected to the horizontal upper connecting plate (6), the lower sliding surface (9) is connected to the horizontal lower connecting plate (7), and the sliding block (10) is slidably arranged between the upper sliding surface (8) and the lower sliding surface (9).

7. A vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The horizontal vibration isolation device also includes a U-shaped damper (11), which is arranged between the horizontal upper connecting plate (6) and the horizontal lower connecting plate (7), and the two ends of the U-shaped damper (11) are respectively connected to the horizontal upper connecting plate (6) and the horizontal lower connecting plate (7).

8. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The material of the U-shaped damper (11) is a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is selected from one or more of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, a copper-based shape memory alloy, and an iron-based shape memory alloy.

9. The vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The vertical seismic isolation device is connected to the horizontal seismic isolation device via a first bolt (12), the self-resetting friction damping member (2) is connected to the vertical connecting plate via a first bolt (12), the guide member (5) is connected to the vertical connecting plate via a first bolt (12), and the U-shaped damper (11) is connected to the horizontal connecting plate via a first bolt (12).

10. A method for installing a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, assembling the guide member (5) and the coil spring (4), passing the guide rod of the guide member (5) through the coil spring (4), and fixing the sleeves at both ends of the guide member (5) to the vertical connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3) respectively by means of a first bolt (12); S2, assembling the self-resetting friction damping member (2), assembling the disc spring (13) by overlapping or matching, passing the second bolt (14) through the disc spring (13), the cover plate (15) and the clamping plate (16), applying a pre-tightening force to the disc spring (13) by means of a nut, and fixing the cover plate (15) and the clamping plate (16); S3, fixing the two end clamping plates (16) of the self-resetting friction damping member (2) to the vertical upward connecting plate (1) and the vertical downward connecting plate (3) respectively by means of a first bolt (12); S4, assemble the friction pendulum support, install the U-shaped damper (11) between the horizontal upper connecting plate (6) and the horizontal lower connecting plate (7), align them with the through hole position, and fix them with the first bolt (12); S5. Align the through-hole positions of the vertical lower connecting plate (3) and the horizontal upper connecting plate (6), connect the vertical seismic isolation device and the horizontal seismic isolation device through the first bolt (12), and combine them to form a vertical self-resetting three-dimensional seismic isolation support.

Images