An integrated system and method for roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring and early warning

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated system and method for monitoring and warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress. The system includes a monitoring device, a data transmission system, and a terminal control. The terminal control includes a data processing system and an early warning system. The monitoring device includes multiple monitoring boxes, each of which is equipped with a displacement sensor and a stress sensor. The data transmission system is used to transmit the monitoring data to the data processing system. The data processing system converts the monitored and collected electrical signals into readable data and processes them to obtain real-time monitoring data. The early warning system is used to identify the monitoring data to obtain early warning results. The present invention integrates monitoring, early warning, and alarm, improves the real-time analysis and response of monitoring results, and provides a certain degree of safety protection for mine production, tunnel operation, etc. At the same time, its construction intensity is low, which reduces the disturbance effect of the original structure. The monitoring device is reusable, which is conducive to promotion and application in the monitoring of small and medium-sized mines and tunnel safety projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of monitoring and early warning technology for mining and tunnel engineering, and in particular to an integrated system and method for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress. Background Art

[0002] Considering the wide variability in roof and pillar structural shapes and high surface roughness in actual projects, as well as the influence of mining conditions and the surrounding environment, roof and pillar displacement, deformation, and stress distribution exhibit non-uniformity. Roof and pillar failure and instability are sudden and gradual over a short period. Traditional monitoring methods (such as total stations, levels, and manual monitoring) are time-consuming and labor-intensive, subject to significant human influence, and suffer from large measurement errors. They lack real-time monitoring and early warning capabilities, and cannot guarantee the safety of the monitoring environment, which poses numerous challenges to monitoring operations.

[0003] With the development of computer science and technology, the application scope of fiber optic sensor monitoring and distributed fiber optic monitoring has gradually expanded. For example, Chinese invention patent CN116792158 A provides a monitoring system and method for a pillar-roof support system. This system uses a multi-directional stress grid and pre-embedded distributed fiber optic sensors in drilled holes to monitor the interior and exterior. However, during the installation of the monitoring device, numerous pre-embedded holes must be drilled in the monitoring area. The installation of the multi-directional stress grid is similar to anchor support. The construction method and stress device demonstrate that the large number of pre-embedded distributed fiber optic sensors in drilled holes reduces the strength of the rock mass structure. Once the sensors are damaged, they cannot be repaired or replaced. The installation of the multi-directional stress grid also acts like anchor support, making it difficult to generalize the monitoring results. This significantly limits the applicability of the results.

[0004] These monitoring methods offer significant improvements in accuracy and intelligence compared to traditional methods. However, they are labor-intensive, resulting in limited success in the application and promotion of monitoring results. They also lack a single monitoring objective and lack real-time analysis and early warning of monitoring results, thus failing to achieve the ultimate goal of monitoring—early warning. Furthermore, these monitoring methods are often disposable and expensive, often making them unaffordable for small and medium-sized mines. This poses significant limitations in their promotion and application.

[0005] Therefore, a new method for roof / pillar stability monitoring and early warning in complex environments is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the existing monitoring technology, the present invention provides an integrated system and method for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress. Under the conditions of low construction intensity and low cost, it realizes the dual-driven real-time collaborative monitoring and early warning integration of roof / pillar displacement and stress. The monitoring cost is low, so that the monitoring results can be promoted and applied by analogy, which can meet the economic needs of small and medium-sized mine safety engineering monitoring and meet the promotion and application of small and medium-sized mine safety engineering monitoring.

[0007] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides an integrated system for monitoring and warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress, including a monitoring device, a data transmission system, and a terminal control, wherein the terminal control includes a data processing system and an early warning system;

[0008] The monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring boxes, which are used to be arranged on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area. Each monitoring box is provided with a displacement sensor for monitoring the displacement change of the roof or pillar and a stress sensor for monitoring the stress change of the roof or pillar. Adjacent monitoring boxes are arranged on the roof or pillars, and are elastically connected by connecting pieces, and the stress sensors are connected to the connecting pieces.

[0009] The data transmission system is connected to the displacement sensor, the stress sensor and the data processing system, and is used to transmit the monitoring data collected by the displacement sensor and the stress sensor to the data processing system in the form of electrical signals;

[0010] The data processing system is used to convert the monitoring data from electrical signals into readable digital signals and to calibrate the spatial position of the monitoring device. It is also used to draw a graph of the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area, thereby visualizing the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area and saving the monitoring data in real time.

[0011] The early warning system is used to identify monitoring data to obtain early warning results and issue alarms based on the early warning results.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting member is a spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the monitoring device also includes a conduit, and a plurality of monitoring boxes arranged on the roof or the mine pillar are arranged at intervals and slidably arranged in the conduit, and the stress sensors built into the monitoring boxes are directly connected to the springs.

[0014] Furthermore, the catheter is piston-type and retractable. There are two parallel rail grooves on the upper and lower sides of the catheter, and they are snap-fitting, so that the monitoring box will not damage the monitoring equipment when the roof / pillar is deformed, reducing the interference of the monitoring device on the monitoring results.

[0015] Furthermore, each monitoring box is a detachable independent entity, with four guide wheels installed on the upper and lower sides of the monitoring box, and the monitoring box is anchored to the roof (mine pillar) of the monitoring area with anchor nails.

[0016] Furthermore, the monitoring box and the multi-section piston-type double-track catheter are both anchored by anchor nails.

[0017] Furthermore, the data transmission system is the link between the monitoring device and the terminal control. By connecting to the sensor in the monitoring box of the monitoring device, the displacement and stress electrical signals collected by the monitoring box are transmitted to the data processing system of the terminal control through cables or optical fibers.

[0018] Furthermore, the data processing system includes a basic parameter setting module and an electrical signal conversion module. The basic parameter setting module is used to set the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass in the monitoring area (such as compressive strength, tensile strength, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, cohesion, etc.), the spatial position coordinate parameters of the monitoring box, and is used for spatial calibration. The spatial calibration includes: first numbering each monitoring box, calibrating the spatial position and stress state of the monitoring point, and using the calibration value as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes; the electrical signal conversion module is used to convert the displacement and stress electrical signals collected by the monitoring device into readable data, so as to realize real-time online readability and storage of the monitoring data.

[0019] Furthermore, the early warning system includes a threshold module, an early warning module, an alarm module and a wireless sharing module. The threshold module is used to determine the monitoring early warning reference value. The early warning module is used to divide the early warning level interval based on the monitoring early warning reference value and the safety engineering monitoring standard to determine the early warning level result through the early warning level interval. The alarm module is used to determine whether to alarm according to the early warning level result. The wireless sharing module is used to realize the wireless connection between the alarm module and the personnel alarm equipment.

[0020] Furthermore, the threshold module includes a rock mass threshold parameter submodule and a monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule. The rock mass threshold parameter submodule is used to set the judgment criteria of the rock mass state, including threshold parameters of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. The monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule includes a displacement and stress calculation unit of the roof and / or pillar structure, which is used to calculate the displacement and stress thresholds of the roof or pillar, that is, the monitoring and early warning reference value. By selecting the structure to be detected in the monitoring area, the structure to be detected is the roof and / or pillar structure, inputting the structural parameters of the structure to be detected (the roof includes span and thickness; the pillar includes height and width) and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass (including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, etc.), the critical state threshold of the roof or pillar structure is calculated, wherein the critical state threshold of the roof structure includes a tensile stress threshold and a displacement threshold, and the critical state threshold of the pillar structure includes a compressive stress threshold and a displacement threshold.

[0021] Tensile stress threshold of roof structure:

[0022] Displacement threshold of roof structure:

[0023] in,[ σ t ] is the tensile strength of rock mass, MPa; b is the unit width of the top plate, m; h is the top plate thickness, m; E is the elastic modulus of rock mass, GPa; I is the moment of inertia of the top plate section, m 4 ; x is the length variable, m.

[0024] Compressive stress threshold of pillar structure:

[0025] Displacement threshold of pillar structure:

[0026] in, W p is the width of the pillar, m; A Pillar cross-sectional area, m 2 ; H 0 is the height of the pillar, m; [ σ c ] is the compressive strength of rock mass, MPa; α is a constant, when W p / H When 0>5, α =1.4, when W p / H 0<5, α =1.0.

[0027] Furthermore, the warning level result set by the warning module includes multiple levels, and the alarm module includes an alarm, which responds to different levels determined by the warning module by lighting up different colors.

[0028] The early warning system integrates the threshold calculation unit and early warning level division, and external alarm. At the same time, the wireless sharing module can realize the real-time transmission of monitoring results and personnel alarm configuration, realizing the integration and timeliness of monitoring-early warning-alarm.

[0029] Furthermore, the alarm module sets four warning levels of red, orange, yellow, and blue according to relevant standards (red is level one, orange is level two, yellow is level three, and blue is level four, with level one being the highest). The warning level interval is set according to the industry engineering monitoring standards and the actual needs of the project, and the monitoring data is imported into the warning module for warning level identification; the alarm module mainly responds to the warning module through an external alarm, and the red, orange, yellow, and blue lights of the alarm correspond to the four warning levels respectively; the wireless sharing module can realize the setting of the IP address of the monitoring area, and is equipped with a wireless terminal interface to realize the wireless connection between the terminal control alarm module and the personnel alarm equipment. The connection method uses an IP address to realize the timeliness of monitoring and warning, alarm, and personnel response. The present invention also provides an integrated method for roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring-warning, which includes the following steps:

[0030] Determine the monitoring area;

[0031] Determine monitoring points on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area, and set a monitoring box at a position corresponding to each monitoring point;

[0032] The initial spatial position and stress state of each monitoring point are calibrated through the data processing system, and the calibration value is used as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes;

[0033] The displacement change of the roof or the pillar is monitored by the displacement sensor arranged in the monitoring box, the stress change of the roof or the pillar is monitored by the stress sensor arranged in the monitoring box, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the data processing system through the data transmission system;

[0034] The data processing system draws a graph of the displacement, deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area based on the correspondence between monitoring points and monitoring data, as well as the continuity characteristics of displacement, deformation and stress. This allows visualization of the displacement, deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area, and saves the monitoring data in real time.

[0035] Identify monitoring data to obtain early warning results.

[0036] Furthermore, after obtaining the displacement and stress monitoring data, the following steps are also included:

[0037] The rock mass threshold parameter of the monitoring area is set in the rock mass threshold parameter submodule in the threshold module. The structure type to be monitored in the monitoring area is selected through the monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule, and the structural parameters and rock mass physical and mechanical parameters corresponding to the structure type are input to calculate the monitoring warning reference value of the monitoring structure in the monitoring area;

[0038] Import the monitoring data obtained from the data processing system into the early warning module to identify and obtain the early warning level results;

[0039] The wireless sharing module will share monitoring data, alarm data and personnel alarm equipment in real time, realizing real-time synchronization and response of the early warning system.

[0040] Based on the early warning module, the early warning level interval is determined, the monitoring data is imported into the early warning module, the early warning level interval of the monitoring data is identified, the monitoring early warning level is determined, and the early warning level result is connected to the alarm module to realize the integration of monitoring, early warning and alarm. Finally, the wireless sharing module is activated to realize the mobile real-time dynamic monitoring and alarm of personnel alarm equipment, and realize the real-time dynamic monitoring and alarm of the monitoring area, control room and personnel equipment.

[0041] Furthermore, according to the monitoring level requirements, the number of monitoring points is determined and the locations of the monitoring points are calibrated.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] (1) It combines the advantages of existing monitoring technologies such as high precision, timely data transmission, and easy installation, reduces the disturbance caused by construction, and is equipped with displacement sensors and stress sensors to achieve dual-drive real-time online monitoring of displacement and stress.

[0044] (2) The early warning system can be equipped with an early warning module, an alarm module, and a wireless sharing module with a built-in monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation unit, which obtains the displacement deformation and stress threshold conditions of complex areas, and determines multiple safety warning levels (such as red, orange, yellow, and blue) in combination with safety monitoring engineering standards, thus achieving a multi-indicator early warning effect under the dual drive of displacement and stress.

[0045] (3) Based on the early warning system, alarms can be installed in the monitoring area and the terminal control room to ensure timely responsiveness of monitoring. At the same time, a wireless sharing module is installed in the early warning system, and the connection is set up through the IP address to achieve the timeliness of monitoring, early warning, alarm and personnel response, thereby improving the real-time nature of monitoring safety early warning.

[0046] (4) The monitoring system has few disposable consumables, and the monitoring device can be repaired and replaced. The core components such as the monitoring box and threaded spring can be removed and reused, which reduces the cost and is beneficial to the promotion and application of the monitoring system in the safety engineering monitoring of small and medium-sized mines and tunnels.

[0047] (5) The present invention does not require a large number of tedious processes such as drilling and pre-embedding of sensors in terms of construction. It only needs to fix the monitoring box, catheter, etc. on the monitoring body through anchor nails, thereby avoiding the disturbance and damage to the original rock mass in the monitoring area during construction. The spring connection between the catheter structure and the monitoring box allows each monitoring box to retain its independent individuality, so that the monitoring results are not interfered with by the monitoring device itself, so that the monitoring results can be compared with other areas with similar structural conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the configuration module of the roof / pillar monitoring-early warning system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the monitoring device arrangement system structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitoring box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the multi-section piston-type dual-track conduit structure in an embodiment of the present invention (only a single section is shown in the figure);

[0052] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the process of the integrated system method for roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring and early warning in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] In the figure: 1 monitoring device; 2 data transmission system; 3 terminal control; 4 roof; 5 pillar; 6 anchor; 7 monitoring box; 8 spring; 9 guide wheel; 10 guide tube; 11 displacement sensor; 12 stress sensor; 13 rail groove; 14 anchor hole; 15 snap-fit ​​groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose and advantages of the present invention more clear, Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated system and method for roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring and early warning, and the specific implementation scheme is as follows. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0055] The present invention provides a roof / pillar displacement, stress monitoring and early warning integrated system, which realizes the integration of monitoring, early warning and alarm. Figure 1 The system includes a monitoring device 1, a data transmission system 2 and a terminal control 3, and the terminal control 3 includes a data processing system and an early warning system.

[0056] The monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring boxes, which are used to be arranged on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area. Each monitoring box is provided with a displacement sensor for monitoring the displacement change of the roof or pillar and a stress sensor for monitoring the stress change of the roof or pillar. Adjacent monitoring boxes are arranged on the roof or pillars, and are elastically connected by connecting pieces, and the stress sensors are connected to the connecting pieces.

[0057] The data transmission system is connected to the displacement sensor, the stress sensor and the data processing system, and is used to transmit the monitoring data collected by the displacement sensor and the stress sensor to the data processing system in the form of electrical signals;

[0058] The data processing system is used to convert the monitoring data from electrical signals into readable digital signals and to calibrate the spatial position of the monitoring device. It is also used to draw a graph of the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area, thereby visualizing the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area and saving the monitoring data in real time.

[0059] The early warning system is used to identify monitoring data to obtain early warning results and issue alarms based on the early warning results.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting member is a spring 8 .

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 As shown, multiple sections of piston-type double-track conduits are provided along the extension direction of the top plate and along the height direction of the frame columns, and each section is provided with multiple monitoring boxes 7. Each monitoring box 7 has two rows of four guide wheels 9 mounted on the upper and lower outer walls, which slide on the track grooves 13 of the conduit 10.

[0062] See also Figure 2 The monitoring device includes multiple monitoring boxes 7, catheters 10 and springs 8. Adjacent monitoring boxes 7 are connected by springs 8. Each monitoring box 7 is provided with a displacement sensor 11 and a stress sensor 12, and the stress sensor 12 is connected to the corresponding spring 8.

[0063] The upper and lower surfaces of the inner wall of the conduit 10 are provided with parallel rail grooves 13. The guide wheels 9 on both sides of the monitoring box 7 are slidably set in the upper and lower rail grooves 13 respectively. The anchor nails used to fix the monitoring box 7 pass through the conduit 10 and are fixed on the rock mass.

[0064] In some embodiments of the present invention, the catheter 10 is a snap-fit ​​structure to facilitate the installation of the catheter and the monitoring box, as well as the arrangement of wires and the like.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, conduit 10 is a multi-stage piston-type dual-track conduit, comprising multiple sections of tubing, whose overall length can be extended or shortened by expanding or contracting the sections. Rock mass deformation can be greater than deformation of the monitoring device material. By configuring conduit 10 as a multi-stage piston-type conduit, damage to the monitoring device by monitoring box 7 during roof / pillar deformation can be prevented, minimizing interference with the monitoring device's performance.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, the monitoring box 7 and the catheter 10 are both anchored by anchor nails, and the catheter, spring, anchor nails, etc. are made of corrosion-resistant materials.

[0067] The data processing system includes a basic parameter setting module and an electrical signal conversion module, wherein the basic parameter setting module is used to set the physical and mechanical property parameters of the rock mass in the monitoring area (such as compressive strength, tensile strength, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, cohesion, etc.), the spatial position coordinate parameters of the monitoring box, and is used for spatial calibration. The spatial calibration method is: first, each monitoring box is numbered, and the spatial position and stress state of the monitoring point are calibrated through initialization processing, and the calibration value is used as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes; the electrical signal conversion module is used to convert the displacement and stress electrical signals collected by the monitoring device into readable data, so as to realize real-time online readability and storage of the monitoring data.

[0068] The early warning system includes a threshold module, an early warning module, an alarm module, and a wireless sharing module. The threshold module determines the monitoring and early warning reference value. The early warning module divides the early warning level intervals based on the monitoring and early warning reference value and relevant safety engineering monitoring standards, and then determines the early warning level results based on the early warning level intervals. The alarm module determines whether to issue an alarm based on the early warning level results. The wireless sharing module establishes a wireless connection between the alarm module and the personnel alarm equipment. Monitoring terminal control and personnel alarm equipment are shared in real time.

[0069] The threshold module includes a rock mass threshold parameter submodule and a monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule. The rock mass threshold parameter submodule is used to set the judgment standard of the rock mass state, including threshold parameters of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. The monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule includes a displacement and stress calculation unit of the roof and / or pillar structure, which is used to calculate the displacement and stress thresholds of the roof or pillar, that is, the monitoring and early warning reference value. By selecting a structure to be detected in the monitoring area, the structure to be detected is the roof and / or pillar structure, inputting the structural parameters of the structure to be detected (the roof includes span and thickness; the pillar includes height and width) and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass (including elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, etc.), the critical state threshold of the roof structure includes a tensile stress threshold and a displacement threshold, and the critical state threshold of the pillar structure includes a compressive stress threshold and a displacement threshold; wherein:

[0070] Tensile stress threshold of roof structure:

[0071] Displacement threshold of roof structure:

[0072] in,[ σ t ] is the tensile strength of rock mass; b is the unit width of the top plate; h is the thickness of the top plate; E is the elastic modulus of rock mass; Iis the section moment of inertia of the top plate; x is the length variable;

[0073] Compressive stress threshold of pillar structure:

[0074] Displacement threshold of pillar structure:

[0075] in, W p is the width of the pillar; H 0 is the height of the pillar; A Cross-sectional area of ​​the pillar; σ c ] is the compressive strength of rock mass; α is a constant.

[0076] The warning level results set by the warning module include multiple levels, and the alarm module includes an alarm. The alarm responds to the different levels determined by the warning module by lighting up different colors. In some embodiments of the present invention, the warning module sets four warning levels: red, orange, yellow, and blue. The alarm includes four colors: red, orange, yellow, and blue. The color of the alarm light is controlled by the warning results of the alarm module. The warning levels correspond to the four colors of the alarm: red, orange, yellow, and blue, respectively. When the warning level is orange or red, the alarm will issue an alarm prompt.

[0077] The present invention further provides an integrated method for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress, which is implemented based on the system provided in the above embodiment and includes the following steps:

[0078] Step 1: Determine the monitoring area and determine the monitoring points on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area. A monitoring box is set at the position corresponding to each monitoring point.

[0079] This step includes the following sub-steps:

[0080] Step 1.1: Determine the roof / pillars to be monitored in the monitoring area, clear the larger protrusions on the surface of the roof / pillars in the monitoring area, determine the number of monitoring points according to the monitoring level requirements, calibrate the positions of the monitoring points (in some embodiments of the present invention, all monitoring points are located on a line to facilitate construction and prevent the monitoring points from shifting too much and affecting the monitoring results), drill anchor holes at the determined monitoring points, and fix the conduit. The conduit passes through all the monitoring points, and a monitoring box is provided on the conduit at a position corresponding to each monitoring point. The monitoring box 7 is fixed to the rock mass by passing the conduit through the anchor nail 6. Adjacent monitoring boxes 7 are connected by springs 8. Check the anchorage and independence of the conduit and the monitoring box.

[0081] Step 1.2: Install the data transmission optical fiber and power line of each monitoring box 7, arrange them along the catheter, and lead them out at one end. At the same time, check the independent mobility of the catheter and buckle the catheter up and down.

[0082] Step 1.3: Lay and install power lines and data transmission optical fibers to the ground terminal control, and install the alarm in the alarm module several meters away from the monitoring area and in the terminal control room.

[0083] Step 2: Calibrate the initial spatial position and stress state of each monitoring box in the monitoring device through the data processing system, and use the calibration value as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes.

[0084] This step includes the following sub-steps:

[0085] Step 2.1: Open the monitoring client on the terminal-controlled computer, input the attribute information of the monitoring area through the basic parameter setting module, number each monitoring box, calibrate the spatial position and stress state of the monitoring point through initialization processing, use the calibration value as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes, convert the collected electrical signals into readable data through the electronic signal conversion module, monitor the displacement changes of the roof or pillars through the displacement sensor, and monitor the stress changes of the roof / pillars through the stress sensor.

[0086] Step 2.2: Based on the correspondence between monitoring points and monitoring data, as well as the continuity characteristics of displacement deformation and stress, a full-section displacement deformation and stress distribution curve of the monitoring location is drawn to visualize the displacement deformation and stress distribution in the monitoring area and save the monitoring data in real time.

[0087] Step 3: The displacement sensors installed in the monitoring box monitor the displacement changes of the roof or pillars, and the stress sensors installed in the monitoring box monitor the stress changes of the roof or pillars. The monitoring data is then transmitted to the data processing system via the data transmission system. Step 4: The data processing system uses the correspondence between monitoring points and monitoring data, as well as the continuity characteristics of displacement deformation and stress, to draw a full-section displacement deformation and stress distribution curve for the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area. This allows visualization of the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area and saves the monitoring data in real time.

[0088] Step 5: Identify the monitoring data to obtain early warning results, and issue an alarm based on the early warning results.

[0089] This step includes the following sub-steps:

[0090] Step 5.1: Use the threshold module in the early warning system to set the threshold parameters of the rock mass in the monitoring area, including the threshold parameters of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. In the monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation unit, select the structure type to be monitored in the monitoring area, input the corresponding calculation parameters of the structure type (including structural parameters and rock mass physical and mechanical parameters), and calculate the critical displacement and stress thresholds of the monitoring structure in the monitoring area (other methods can also be used to obtain them) as the monitoring and early warning reference values.

[0091] In some embodiments of the present invention, the structural parameters of the roof structure include span and thickness, the structural parameters of the pillar structure include height and width, and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass include elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, etc.

[0092] Step 5.2: Use the alarm module to set four warning levels: red, orange, yellow, and blue. The warning level intervals are set based on monitoring warning reference values ​​and relevant safety engineering monitoring standards. Import the monitoring data obtained from the data processing system and use the warning module to identify the warning level of the monitoring data.

[0093] Step 5.3: Start the alarm module of the early warning system, access the early warning results of the early warning module, and connect the alarm to the outside. The alarm has four colors: red, orange, yellow, and blue. The color of the alarm light is controlled by the early warning results of the alarm module.

[0094] The warning levels correspond to the four colors of alarm: red, orange, yellow and blue. When the warning level is orange and red, the alarm will issue an alarm prompt.

[0095] Step 5.4: Activate the wireless sharing module, access the monitoring data, early warning module data, and alarm module data, read the IP address of the monitoring area, activate the personnel alarm equipment, match the personnel alarm equipment with the wireless sharing module through the IP address, access the data transmission and alarm module, ensure the real-time synchronization of the monitoring data, and realize the real-time synchronization and response of the early warning system.

[0096] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An integrated system for monitoring and warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring device, a data transmission system and a terminal control, wherein the terminal control includes a data processing system and an early warning system; The monitoring device includes a plurality of monitoring boxes, which are used to be arranged on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area. Each monitoring box is provided with a displacement sensor for monitoring the displacement change of the roof or pillar and a stress sensor for monitoring the stress change of the roof or pillar. Adjacent monitoring boxes are arranged on the roof or pillars, and are elastically connected by connecting pieces, and the stress sensors are connected to the connecting pieces. The data transmission system is connected to the displacement sensor, the stress sensor and the data processing system, and is used to transmit the monitoring data collected by the displacement sensor and the stress sensor to the data processing system in the form of electrical signals; The data processing system is used to convert the monitoring data from electrical signals into readable digital signals and to calibrate the spatial position of the monitoring device. It is also used to draw a graph of the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area, thereby visualizing the displacement deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area and saving the monitoring data in real time. The early warning system is used to identify monitoring data to obtain early warning results and issue alarms based on the early warning results; The early warning system includes a threshold module, which is used to determine a monitoring and early warning reference value. The threshold module includes a rock mass threshold parameter submodule and a monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule. The rock mass threshold parameter submodule is used to set the rock mass state discrimination standard, including threshold parameters of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength. The monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule includes a displacement and stress calculation unit of the roof and / or pillar structure, which is used to calculate the displacement and stress thresholds of the roof or pillar, that is, the monitoring and early warning reference value. The critical state threshold of the roof or pillar structure is calculated by selecting a structure to be detected in the monitoring area, wherein the structure to be detected is the roof and / or pillar structure, inputting the structural parameters of the structure to be detected and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass; The critical state thresholds of the roof structure include the tensile stress threshold and the displacement threshold, and the critical state thresholds of the pillar structure include the compressive stress threshold and the displacement threshold; Tensile stress threshold of roof structure: Displacement threshold of roof structure: in,[ σ t ] is the tensile strength of rock mass; b is the unit width of the top plate; h is the thickness of the top plate; E is the elastic modulus of rock mass; I is the section moment of inertia of the top plate; x is the length variable; Compressive stress threshold of pillar structure: Displacement threshold of pillar structure: in, W p is the width of the pillar; H 0 is the height of the pillar; A Cross-sectional area of ​​the pillar; σ c ] is the compressive strength of rock mass; α is a constant.

2. The integrated system for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member is a spring.

3. The integrated system for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring device further comprises a guide tube, wherein a plurality of monitoring boxes arranged on the roof or the ore pillar are arranged at intervals and slidably arranged in the guide tube.

4. The integrated system for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing system includes a basic parameter setting module and an electrical signal conversion module. The basic parameter setting module is used to set the physical and mechanical property parameters of the rock mass in the monitoring area and the spatial position coordinate parameters of the monitoring box, and is used for spatial calibration. The spatial calibration includes: first, numbering each monitoring box, calibrating the spatial position and stress state of the monitoring point, and using the calibration value as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes; the electrical signal conversion module is used to convert the displacement and stress electrical signals collected by the monitoring device into readable data, so as to realize real-time online readability and storage of the monitoring data.

5. The integrated system for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The early warning system also includes an early warning module, an alarm module and a wireless sharing module. The early warning module is used to divide the early warning level intervals based on the monitoring early warning reference values ​​and the safety engineering monitoring standards to determine the early warning level results through the early warning level intervals. The alarm module is used to determine whether to alarm based on the early warning level results. The wireless sharing module is used to realize the wireless connection between the alarm module and the personnel alarm equipment.

6. The integrated system for monitoring and early warning of roof / pillar displacement and stress according to claim 5, characterized in that: The warning level result set by the warning module includes multiple levels, and the alarm module includes an alarm, which responds to different levels determined by the warning module by lighting up different colors.

7. A roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring and early warning integrated method, characterized in that: Using the roof / pillar monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprises the following steps: Determine the monitoring area; Determine monitoring points on the roof and / or pillars of the monitoring area, and set a monitoring box at a position corresponding to each monitoring point; The initial spatial position and stress state of each monitoring point are calibrated through the data processing system, and the calibration value is used as the first set of data for monitoring dynamic changes; The displacement change of the roof or the pillar is monitored by the displacement sensor arranged in the monitoring box, the stress change of the roof or the pillar is monitored by the stress sensor arranged in the monitoring box, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the data processing system through the data transmission system; The data processing system draws a graph of the displacement, deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area based on the correspondence between monitoring points and monitoring data, as well as the continuity characteristics of displacement, deformation and stress. This allows visualization of the displacement, deformation and stress distribution of the roof and / or pillars in the monitoring area, and saves the monitoring data in real time. Identify monitoring data to obtain early warning results.

8. The integrated method for roof / pillar displacement and stress monitoring and early warning according to claim 7, characterized in that: After obtaining the displacement and stress monitoring data, the following steps are also included: The rock mass threshold parameter of the monitoring area is set in the rock mass threshold parameter submodule in the threshold module. The structure type to be monitored in the monitoring area is selected through the monitoring area structure critical state threshold calculation submodule, and the structural parameters and rock mass physical and mechanical parameters corresponding to the structure type are input to calculate the monitoring warning reference value of the monitoring structure in the monitoring area; Import the monitoring data obtained from the data processing system into the early warning module to identify and obtain the early warning level results; The wireless sharing module will share monitoring data, alarm data and personnel alarm equipment in real time, realizing real-time synchronization and response of the early warning system.

Images