High-temperature ammonia combustor based on ammonia catalytic cracking hydrogen production and liquid ammonia atomization combustion and operation method of high-temperature ammonia combustor

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature ammonia burner based on ammonia catalytic cracking hydrogen production and liquid ammonia atomization combustion and an operation method thereof, high-temperature air generated by a grate cooler is introduced into a catalytic cracking device, heat of the high-temperature air is utilized to promote liquid ammonia gasification, activate a catalyst and promote ammonia catalytic cracking to generate hydrogen, and ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen mixed gas is formed; the reaction activity of the fuel is improved; medium-temperature air and mixed gas generated by the catalytic cracking device are supplied to the first to fifth gas inlets respectively, stable on-duty flames are formed under the action of a sliding arc, then the mixed gas introduced into the fourth gas inlet is ignited to form main combustion flames, high-temperature and active components generated by the main combustion flames promote liquid ammonia atomization, and the liquid ammonia atomization effect is improved. And the liquid ammonia is ignited to form axial graded flames. According to the invention, ammonia catalytic cracking hydrogen production and high-temperature air are fully utilized, the flame stability and temperature are improved, stable combustion of large-flow liquid ammonia can be maintained, and the problems of low flame temperature, difficult ammonia ignition, unstable combustion and the like are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of cement rotary kilns, and in particular to a high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia and an operation method thereof, which are used for developing a new type of zero-carbon burner. Background Art

[0002] Climate change is one of the main threats to the earth's environment. Carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere from fossil energy has exacerbated global warming. To this end, my country has set the goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Currently, the cement production industry accounts for 13% of the country's carbon emissions, second only to the power and steel industries.

[0003] In order to reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy, it is necessary to vigorously develop green new energy, including photovoltaics, wind power, etc. Due to the strong random volatility of wind and solar energy, the low utilization rate of new energy, resulting in waste of resources, so energy storage technology is needed to smooth the peak and fill the valley. Hydrogen energy, as a kind of energy storage technology, has the advantages of being green, efficient, carbon-free, and having a long storage time. It is an important part of the future energy system and will help accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of high-energy-consuming and high-carbon emission industries. However, the large-scale application of hydrogen energy urgently needs to break through low-cost and high-efficiency fuel cell technology and low-cost and safe hydrogen storage and transportation technology. Among them, the poor safety and high cost of hydrogen storage and transportation have become the main difficulties in the development of hydrogen energy.

[0004] As a hydrogen carrier, ammonia has the characteristics of high energy density, low storage and transportation cost, and high safety, and is expected to break through the bottleneck of hydrogen energy development. However, in the application process of ammonia fuel, there are problems such as low flame propagation speed, difficult ignition, poor flame stability, NO x Problems such as high emissions need to be addressed urgently.

[0005] Scholars in this field have conducted in-depth research on the problems of difficult ammonia ignition and poor flame stability, including the addition of fossil fuels to ammonia, ammonia mixed with hydrogen, plasma combustion-assisted combustion and staged combustion technology. The addition of fossil fuels to ammonia can effectively increase the flame propagation speed of the fuel, but it cannot completely solve the carbon emission problem; ammonia mixed with hydrogen combustion can increase the flame propagation speed without additional carbon emissions. The Chinese patents with patent application numbers CN202210916289.6 and CN202310260532.8 use ammonia online cracking hydrogen production technology to greatly stabilize ammonia. Flame, but it is still difficult to achieve stable combustion of ammonia at a large flow rate; plasma can enhance combustion through thermal effects, chemical effects and transport effects, which can effectively reduce the ignition delay time and increase the flame propagation speed. The Chinese patents with patent application numbers CN202111216787.1, CN202110298162.8 and CN202310426844.1 have successfully applied plasma ignition technology to the ignition and stabilization of aviation kerosene in aircraft engines under extreme conditions, and have achieved outstanding results, but there are few reports in the cement industry. The cement rotary kiln has a very high temperature requirement for the burner outlet (1800 degrees), while the temperature of most ammonia burners is around 1100 degrees. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-temperature ammonia burner for cement rotary kilns.

[0006] In response to the above-mentioned problems such as low flame temperature of ammonia burners, the present invention proposes a high-temperature ammonia burner solution based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia, which can effectively solve the problems of low ammonia combustion temperature, difficult ammonia ignition at large flow rate, unstable combustion, etc. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia, so as to achieve reliable ignition and high-temperature combustion of ammonia in the burner.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A high-temperature ammonia burner based on ammonia catalytic cracking hydrogen production and liquid ammonia atomization combustion, comprising a first air inlet (1), a second air inlet (2), a third air inlet (3), a fourth air inlet (4), a first cyclone (5), a second cyclone (6), a third cyclone (7), a fourth cyclone (8), a high-voltage electrode (9), a low-voltage electrode (10), a sliding arc (11), a fifth air inlet (15), a pre-atomization chamber, a sixth air inlet, a fifth cyclone, a rotary kiln, a first flowmeter, a second flowmeter, a third flowmeter, a fourth flowmeter, a fifth flowmeter, a catalytic cracking device, a grate Cooler; the high-voltage electrode is located at the center of the burner and maintains a ventilation channel with the low-voltage electrode, and a first cyclone is arranged in the ventilation channel; the second cyclone, the third cyclone and the fourth cyclone correspond to the ventilation channels where the second air inlet, the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet are located, respectively, and are arranged in sequence along the radial direction; the pre-atomization chamber is located downstream of the burner in the axial direction, the fifth air inlet and the sixth air inlet are connected to the pre-atomization chamber, and the pre-atomization chamber is connected to the burner chamber through the fifth cyclone; the grate cooler and the catalytic cracking device provide the burner with hot air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas.

[0010] Furthermore, the grate cooler heats room temperature air (272 K-350 K) to form high temperature air (900 K-1300 K), which is then passed into the catalytic cracking device to heat the liquid ammonia passed into the catalytic cracking device to form ammonia gas; the catalytic cracking device is provided with a catalyst, which is activated by the heat of the high temperature air to promote the cracking of part of the ammonia gas to form a NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas; the catalytic cracking device passes medium temperature air (400 K-900 K) into the third flowmeter, the fourth flowmeter, and the fifth flowmeter, respectively, and passes them into the first air inlet, the third air inlet, and the fifth air inlet, respectively; the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas generated by the catalytic cracking device is passed into the first flowmeter and the second flowmeter, respectively, and passes into the second air inlet and the fourth air inlet, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the duty flame is formed by combustion of gases introduced through the first air inlet and the second air inlet; the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode are respectively connected to the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the power supply, the medium-temperature air introduced through the first air inlet forms a swirl through the first swirler, and forms a sliding arc rotating in the circumferential direction under the action of the airflow, and the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet forms a swirl and a reflux zone through the second swirler, and the heat and active components generated by the sliding arc ignite the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet to form a duty flame; the duty flame stabilizes the flame and increases the flame temperature through four technical means: sliding arc combustion assistance, swirl reflux zone flame stabilization, ammonia cracking to produce hydrogen to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air to increase combustion intensity.

[0012] Furthermore, medium-temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas are introduced into the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet respectively, and swirls are formed through the third swirler and the fourth swirler respectively, and are mixed downstream to form NH3+N2+H2+O2 mixed gas, which is ignited under the action of the heat and active components of the duty flame to form a main combustion flame; the main combustion flame is stabilized and the flame temperature is increased through three technical means: flame stabilization in the swirl reflux zone, hydrogen production from ammonia to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air.

[0013] Furthermore, liquid ammonia is introduced into the fifth air inlet, and medium-temperature air is introduced into the sixth air inlet. The liquid ammonia and the medium-temperature air are mixed in the pre-atomization chamber, and part of the liquid ammonia is atomized to generate ammonia gas. The liquid ammonia, ammonia gas and air mixture in the pre-atomization chamber is introduced into the burner chamber through the fifth cyclone, and an axially graded flame is formed under the action of the heat and active components of the main combustion flame; the axially graded flame partly releases heat in the rotary kiln; the axially graded flame realizes high-temperature combustion through the heat released by the main combustion flame and the medium-temperature air.

[0014] Furthermore, the burner is operated as follows:

[0015] 1) Turn on the grate cooler and introduce room temperature air, the room temperature air passes through the catalytic cracking device, and passes through the third flow meter, the fourth flow meter, and the fifth flow meter to the first air inlet, the third air inlet, and the sixth air inlet, and reaches the set flow rate respectively;

[0016] 2) Turn on the power of the sliding arc to reach the set power;

[0017] 3) Start the liquid ammonia supply to the catalytic cracking unit and control the liquid ammonia supply to the second air inlet at a small flow rate through the first flow meter;

[0018] 4) After a stable duty flame is formed, turn on the second flow meter to control the liquid ammonia to flow into the fourth air inlet at a smaller flow rate to form the main combustion flame;

[0019] 5) After a stable main combustion flame is formed, the fifth air inlet is opened to control the liquid ammonia to flow into the burner chamber at a small flow rate to form an axial graded flame;

[0020] 6) After the temperature in the rotary kiln gradually increases, the grate cooler recovers its heat to heat the room temperature air to high temperature air, and the catalytic cracking unit produces medium temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, thereby improving the stability and temperature of the duty flame and the main combustion flame;

[0021] 7) Control the first flow meter to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the second air inlet at a large flow rate. After the duty flame is stable, control the second flow meter to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the fourth air inlet at a large flow rate;

[0022] 8) After the main combustion flame is stable, control the liquid ammonia to enter the burner chamber from the fifth air inlet at a larger flow rate to achieve full power operation of the burner.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention utilizes the high-temperature air generated by the grate cooler to heat the catalyst to promote the cracking of liquid ammonia to produce the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, thereby improving the flame propagation speed of the fuel; utilizes the medium-temperature air and the sliding arc discharge to improve the stability and temperature of the on-duty flame and the main combustion flame, and at the same time, the mixing of the medium-temperature air and the liquid ammonia in the pre-atomization chamber promotes the atomization of the liquid ammonia; the heat generated by the on-duty flame and the main combustion flame ensures the stable ignition and high-temperature combustion of the liquid ammonia in the axial graded flame, thereby overcoming the problems of low temperature of the ammonia combustion flame, difficulty in igniting the liquid ammonia at a high flow rate, unstable combustion, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature ammonia burner that produces hydrogen through catalytic cracking of ammonia and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia.

[0026] In the figure: 1-first air inlet; 2-second air inlet; 3-third air inlet; 4-fourth air inlet; 5-first cyclone; 6-second cyclone; 7-third cyclone; 8-fourth cyclone; 9-high voltage electrode; 10-low voltage electrode; 11-sliding arc; 12-duty flame; 13-main combustion flame; 14-axial graded flame; 15-fifth air inlet; 16-pre-atomization chamber; 17-sixth air inlet; 18-fifth cyclone; 19-rotary kiln; 20-first flowmeter; 21-second flowmeter; 22-third flowmeter; 23-fourth flowmeter; 24-fifth flowmeter; 25-catalytic cracking unit; 26-grate cooler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, a high-temperature ammonia burner based on ammonia catalytic cracking hydrogen production and liquid ammonia atomization combustion comprises a first air inlet 1, a second air inlet 2, a third air inlet 3, a fourth air inlet 4, a first cyclone 5, a second cyclone 6, a third cyclone 7, a fourth cyclone 8, a high-voltage electrode 9, a low-voltage electrode 10, a sliding arc 11, a fifth air inlet 15, a pre-atomization chamber 16, a sixth air inlet 17, a fifth cyclone 18, a rotary kiln 19, a first flowmeter 20, a second flowmeter 21, a third flowmeter 22, a fourth flowmeter 23, a fifth flowmeter 24, a catalytic cracking device 25, and a grate cooler 26; the high-voltage electrode 9 is located at the center of the burner and maintains a ventilation channel with the low-voltage electrode 10, and a first cyclone is arranged in the ventilation channel. 5, a first air inlet 1 is provided at one end of the ventilation channel where the first cyclone 5 is located; the second cyclone 6 corresponds to the ventilation channel where the second air inlet 2 is located, the third cyclone 7 corresponds to the ventilation channel where the third air inlet 3 is located, and the fourth cyclone 8 corresponds to the ventilation channel where the fourth air inlet 4 is located; the second cyclone 6, the third cyclone 7, and the fourth cyclone 8 are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the high-temperature ammonia burner; the pre-atomization chamber 16 is located downstream of the burner in the axial direction, the fifth air inlet 15 and the sixth air inlet 17 are connected to the pre-atomization chamber 16, and the pre-atomization chamber 16 is connected to the burner chamber through the fifth cyclone 18; the grate cooler 26 and the catalytic cracking device 25 provide the burner with hot air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas. The grate cooler 26 is connected to the catalytic cracking device 25. The air outlet pipeline of the catalytic cracking device 25 is divided into three routes, the first route is connected to the third flowmeter 22 and the first air inlet 1 in sequence; the second route is connected to the fourth flowmeter 23 and the third air inlet 3 in sequence; the third route is connected to the fifth flowmeter 24 and the sixth air inlet 17 in sequence. The hydrogen-containing gas outlet pipeline of the catalytic cracking device 25 is divided into two routes, the first route is connected to the first flowmeter 20 and the second air inlet 2 in sequence; the second route is connected to the second flowmeter 21 and the fourth air inlet 4 in sequence.

[0029] Furthermore, the grate cooler 26 heats the room temperature air (272 K-350 K) to form high temperature air (greater than 900 K and less than or equal to 1300 K), and then passes it into the catalytic cracking device 25 to heat the liquid ammonia passed into the catalytic cracking device 25 to form ammonia gas; the catalytic cracking device 25 is provided with a catalyst, which is activated under the heat of the high temperature air to promote the decomposition of part of the ammonia gas to form a NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas; the catalytic cracking device 25 passes the medium temperature air (400 K-900 K) into the third flowmeter 22, the fourth flowmeter 23, and the fifth flowmeter 24, respectively, and passes them into the first air inlet 1, the third air inlet 3, and the sixth air inlet 17 respectively; the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas generated by the catalytic cracking device 25 is passed into the first flowmeter 20 and the second flowmeter 21, respectively, and passes into the second air inlet 2 and the fourth air inlet 4, respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, the duty flame 12 is formed by the combustion of gases introduced through the first air inlet 1 and the second air inlet 2; the high-voltage electrode 9 and the low-voltage electrode 10 are respectively connected to the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the power supply, and the medium-temperature air introduced through the first air inlet 1 forms a swirl through the first swirler 5, and forms a sliding arc 11 rotating in the circumferential direction under the action of the airflow, and the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet 2 forms a swirl and a reflux zone through the second swirler 6, and the heat and active components generated by the sliding arc 11 ignite the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet 2 to form the duty flame 12; the duty flame 12 stabilizes the flame and increases the flame temperature through four technical means: sliding arc combustion assistance, swirl reflux zone flame stabilization, ammonia cracking to produce hydrogen to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air to increase combustion intensity.

[0031] Furthermore, the third air inlet 3 and the fourth air inlet 4 are respectively introduced with medium-temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, which are respectively passed through the third cyclone 7 and the fourth cyclone 8 to form swirls, and are mixed downstream to form NH3+N2+H2+O2 mixed gas, which is ignited under the action of the heat and active components of the duty flame 12 to form a main combustion flame 13; the main combustion flame 13 stabilizes the flame and increases the flame temperature through three technical means: flame stabilization in the swirl recirculation zone, hydrogen production by ammonia cracking to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air;

[0032] Furthermore, liquid ammonia is introduced into the fifth air inlet 15, and medium-temperature air is introduced into the sixth air inlet 17. The liquid ammonia and the medium-temperature air are mixed in the pre-atomization chamber 16, and part of the liquid ammonia is atomized to generate ammonia gas. The liquid ammonia, ammonia gas and air mixture in the pre-atomization chamber 16 is introduced into the burner chamber through the fifth cyclone 18, and an axially graded flame 14 is formed under the action of the heat and active components of the main combustion flame; part of the axially graded flame 14 releases heat in the rotary kiln 19; the axially graded flame 14 achieves high-temperature combustion through the heat released by the main combustion flame 13 and the medium-temperature air.

[0033] Furthermore, the burner is operated as follows:

[0034] 1) Turn on the grate cooler 26 and introduce room temperature air, the room temperature air passes through the catalytic cracking device 25, and respectively passes through the third flow meter 22, the fourth flow meter 23, and the fifth flow meter 24 into the first air inlet 1, the third air inlet 3, and the sixth air inlet 17, and reaches the set flow rate respectively;

[0035] 2) Turn on the power of the sliding arc 11 to reach the set power;

[0036] 3) Start the liquid ammonia supply to the catalytic cracking device 25 and control the liquid ammonia supply to flow into the second air inlet 2 at a maximum flow rate of 10% through the first flow meter 20;

[0037] 4) After a stable duty flame 12 is formed, the second flow meter 21 is turned on to control the ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas to flow into the fourth air inlet 4 at a maximum flow rate of 10% to form a main combustion flame 13;

[0038] 5) After a stable main combustion flame 13 is formed, the fifth air inlet 15 is opened, and liquid ammonia is controlled to flow into the burner chamber at a maximum flow rate of 10%, forming an axial graded flame 14;

[0039] 6) After the temperature in the rotary kiln gradually increases, the grate cooler 26 recovers its heat to heat the room temperature air to high temperature air, and the catalytic cracking unit 25 produces medium temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, thereby improving the stability and temperature of the duty flame 12 and the main combustion flame 13;

[0040] 7) Control the first flow meter 20 to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the second air inlet 2 at a maximum flow rate of 100%. After the duty flame 12 is stable, control the second flow meter 21 to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the fourth air inlet 4 at a large flow rate;

[0041] 8) After the main combustion flame 13 is stabilized, liquid ammonia is controlled to flow into the burner chamber from the fifth air inlet 15 at a maximum flow rate of 100%, so that the burner can operate at full power.

Claims

1. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia, characterized in that: The burner comprises a first air inlet (1), a second air inlet (2), a third air inlet (3), a fourth air inlet (4), a first cyclone (5), a second cyclone (6), a third cyclone (7), a fourth cyclone (8), a high-voltage electrode (9), a low-voltage electrode (10), a fifth air inlet (15), a pre-atomization chamber (16), a sixth air inlet (17), a fifth cyclone (18), a catalytic cracking device (25) and a grate cooler (26); the high-voltage electrode (9) is located at the center of the burner and maintains an air passage with the low-voltage electrode (10), and a first cyclone (5) is arranged in the air passage. A first air inlet (1) is provided at one end of the ventilation channel where the first cyclone (5) is located; the second cyclone (6), the third cyclone (7) and the fourth cyclone (8) respectively correspond to the ventilation channels where the second air inlet (2), the third air inlet (3) and the fourth air inlet (4) are located, and the second cyclone (6), the third cyclone (7) and the fourth cyclone (8) are arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the high-temperature ammonia burner; the pre-atomization chamber (16) is located downstream of the burner in the axial direction, the fifth air inlet (15) and the sixth air inlet (17) are connected to the pre-atomization chamber (16), and the pre-atomization chamber (16) is connected to the burner chamber through the fifth cyclone (18); the grate cooler (26) and the catalytic cracking device (25) provide the burner with hot air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas.

2. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burner further comprises a first flow meter (20), a second flow meter (21), a third flow meter (22), a fourth flow meter (23) and a fifth flow meter (24); the grate cooler (26) heats normal temperature air (272 K-350 K) to form high temperature air (900 K-1300 K), which is then introduced into the catalytic cracking device (25) to heat the liquid ammonia introduced into the catalytic cracking device (25) to form ammonia gas; a catalyst is provided in the catalytic cracking device (25), which is activated by the heat of the high temperature air to promote the cracking of part of the ammonia gas to form a mixed gas of NH3+N2+H2; the catalytic cracking device (25) heats the medium temperature air (400 K-900 K) are respectively introduced into the third flowmeter (22), the fourth flowmeter (23), and the fifth flowmeter (24), and are respectively introduced into the first air inlet (1), the third air inlet (3), and the sixth air inlet (17); the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas produced by the catalytic cracking device (25) is respectively introduced into the first flowmeter (20) and the second flowmeter (21), and are respectively introduced into the second air inlet (2) and the fourth air inlet (4).

3. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burner also includes a sliding arc (11); the duty flame (12) is formed by combustion of the gas introduced through the first air inlet (1) and the second air inlet (2); the high-voltage electrode (9) and the low-voltage electrode (10) are respectively connected to the high-voltage end and the low-voltage end of the power supply; the medium-temperature air introduced through the first air inlet (1) forms a swirl through the first swirler (5), and forms a sliding arc (11) rotating in the circumferential direction under the action of the airflow; the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet (2) forms a swirl and a reflux zone through the second swirler (6); the heat and active components generated by the sliding arc (11) ignite the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas introduced through the second air inlet (2) to form a duty flame (12); the duty flame (12) stabilizes the flame and increases the flame temperature through four technical means: sliding arc combustion assistance, swirl reflux zone flame stabilization, ammonia cracking to produce hydrogen to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air to increase combustion intensity.

4. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third air inlet (3) and the fourth air inlet (4) are respectively introduced with medium-temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, which are respectively passed through the third cyclone (7) and the fourth cyclone (8) to form swirls and mixed downstream to form NH3+N2+H2+O2 mixed gas, which is ignited under the action of the heat and active components of the duty flame (12) to form a main combustion flame (13); the main combustion flame (13) is stabilized and the flame temperature is increased by three technical means: flame stabilization in the swirl recirculation zone, hydrogen production by ammonia cracking to increase fuel activity, and medium-temperature air.

5. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burner also includes a rotary kiln (19); liquid ammonia is introduced into the fifth air inlet (15), and medium-temperature air is introduced into the sixth air inlet; the liquid ammonia and the medium-temperature air are mixed in the pre-atomization chamber (16); part of the liquid ammonia is atomized to generate ammonia gas; the mixture of liquid ammonia, ammonia gas and air in the pre-atomization chamber (16) is introduced into the burner chamber through a fifth cyclone (18); an axially graded flame (14) is formed under the action of the heat of the main combustion flame and active components; the axially graded flame (14) partially releases heat in the rotary kiln; the axially graded flame (14) achieves high-temperature combustion through the heat released by the main combustion flame (13) and the medium-temperature air.

6. A high-temperature ammonia burner based on catalytic cracking of ammonia to produce hydrogen and atomized combustion of liquid ammonia according to claim 1, characterized in that: Using the burner according to claim 1, the operating method is: 1) Turning on the grate cooler (26) and introducing air at room temperature, the air at room temperature passes through the catalytic cracking device (25), and is introduced into the first air inlet (1), the third air inlet (3), and the sixth air inlet (17) through the third flow meter (22), the fourth flow meter (23), and the fifth flow meter (24), respectively, and reaches the set flow rate; 2) Turn on the power of the sliding arc (11) to reach the set power; 3) starting the liquid ammonia supply of the catalytic cracking device (25) and controlling the liquid ammonia supply to flow into the second air inlet (2) at a maximum design flow rate of 5-40% through the first flow meter (20); 4) After a stable duty flame (12) is formed, the second flow meter (21) is turned on to control the ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas to flow into the fourth air inlet (4) at a maximum design flow rate of 5-40%, thereby forming a main combustion flame (13); 5) After a stable main combustion flame (13) is formed, the fifth air inlet (15) is opened, and liquid ammonia is controlled to flow into the burner chamber at a maximum design flow rate of 5-40%, thereby forming an axially graded flame (14); 6) After the temperature in the rotary kiln is gradually increased, the grate cooler (26) recovers its heat to heat the room temperature air to high temperature air, and the catalytic cracking device (25) produces medium temperature air and NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas, thereby improving the stability and temperature of the duty flame (12) and the main combustion flame (13); 7) controlling the first flow meter (20) to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the second air inlet (2) at a maximum design flow rate of 40-100%, and after the duty flame (12) is stabilized, controlling the second flow meter (21) to allow the NH3+N2+H2 mixed gas to flow into the fourth air inlet (4) at a maximum design flow rate of 40-100%; 8) After the main combustion flame (13) is stabilized, liquid ammonia is controlled to flow into the burner chamber from the fifth air inlet (15) at a maximum design flow rate of 40-100%, so that the burner can operate at full power.

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