Gardenia jasminoides drying method based on quality and efficiency coupling

Abstract

The invention discloses a gardenia jasminoides drying method based on quality and efficiency coupling, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material processing. The gardenia jasminoides drying method comprises the steps that gardenia jasminoides is sequentially subjected to hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying, before hot air drying, the gardenia jasminoides is subjected to blanching treatment, the blanching treatment is steam blanching at the temperature of 95 DEG C, and the steam blanching time is 90 s. According to the method, the gardenia jasminoides is dried by combining blanching pretreatment with the hot air and (radio frequency-hot air) combined technology, so that the drying efficiency is improved, and the problem that the color and the quality are seriously deteriorated in the hot air drying process is solved. The drying method provided by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, low energy consumption, good quality, simple and convenient process operation, low cost and suitability for industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material processing, and in particular to a gardenia jasmine drying method based on the coupling of quality and efficiency. Background Art

[0002] Yellow Gardenia is an evergreen shrub of the Rubiaceae family, and is a traditional Chinese medicinal material. The medicinal part is the mature and dried fruit of Yellow Gardenia. The main medicinal component of Yellow Gardenia is Gardenia glycoside, which has laxative, analgesic, choleretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Modern medical research shows that Yellow Gardenia also has significant effects in protecting the liver and promoting choleresis, lowering blood sugar, resisting atherosclerosis, improving neurodegenerative diseases and anti-depression.

[0003] Gardenia jasminoides matures in October and November every year. Since fresh gardenia jasminoides have a high moisture content, they will deteriorate and rot if they are not dried in time. Therefore, drying is an important part of the primary processing of gardenia jasminoides in the production area. At present, the primary processing of gardenia jasminoides in the production area mainly adopts sun drying or hot air drying. However, natural sun drying takes a long time, has high labor intensity, high cost of manual sun drying, and the obtained sun-dried products are difficult to meet the storage requirements; although hot air drying can improve processing efficiency and reduce labor intensity to a certain extent, the outer shell of gardenia jasminoides is covered with a dense wax layer, and pores will be generated between the shell and the seed group during the drying process, which is not conducive to heat transfer and water migration, resulting in a long hot air drying time (35-40h), poor color and low retention rate of effective ingredients, and the obtained gardenia jasminoides dry products are difficult to meet market requirements. Therefore, the selection of appropriate drying strategies to dehydrate gardenia jasminoides has great application potential. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for drying gardenia jasminoides based on the coupling of quality and efficiency, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The method for drying gardenia jasminoides provided by the present invention not only improves the drying efficiency, but also overcomes the problem of color difference and serious quality deterioration in hot air drying. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme:

[0005] Technical solution 1: A method for drying gardenia jasmine based on the coupling of quality and efficiency, comprising the steps of sequentially subjecting the gardenia jasmine to hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying.

[0006] Furthermore, before hot air drying, the gardenia jasmine is blanched.

[0007] Furthermore, the blanching treatment is steam blanching at 95° C., and the steam blanching time is 90 seconds.

[0008] Furthermore, the hot air drying is to dry the Gardenia jasminoides to a wet basis moisture content of 40%.

[0009] Furthermore, in the radio frequency-hot air drying, the distance between the radio frequency plates is 110 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in the radio frequency-hot air drying, the temperature of the hot air is 60° C., and the wind speed of the hot air is 1.0 m / s.

[0011] Furthermore, after the radio frequency-hot air drying, the wet basis moisture content of the gardenia jasmine is less than 8.5%.

[0012] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0013] In view of the physical properties of Gardenia jasminoides, the present invention provides a method for drying Gardenia jasminoides based on the coupling of quality and efficiency, comprising the steps of sequentially subjecting the Gardenia jasminoides to hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying. Radio frequency-hot air drying is a drying technology that combines radio frequency heating and hot air drying. The intervention of radio frequency energy during the drying process can ensure that the temperature is consistent with the direction of the moisture gradient. At the same time, the presence of hot air can quickly take away the evaporated moisture on the surface of the material and improve the uniformity of radio frequency drying. The combination of the two not only improves the drying efficiency of Gardenia jasminoides, but also overcomes the problem of shell bursting, poor color and serious quality deterioration caused by inconsistent drying intensity inside and outside the Gardenia jasminoides fruit, thereby fundamentally ensuring the quality of the dried product after Gardenia jasminoides drying. The drying method provided by the present invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, low energy consumption, good quality, simple and convenient process operation, low cost and suitability for industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the relationship between the moisture ratio of Gardenia jasminoides and the drying time during hot air drying and hot air + (RF-hot air) drying;

[0016] Figure 2 It is the dried product obtained by hot air + (radio frequency-hot air) drying;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a dry product obtained through hot air drying. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0020] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0022] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0023] Example

[0024] (1) Select mature yellow gardenias with uniform color, size, and no rot or deterioration, and remove the branches and leaves;

[0025] (2) dividing the gardenia jasminoides obtained in step (1) into 5 groups and blanching them with steam at 95° C. for 90 seconds;

[0026] (3) Drying methods are divided into five groups:

[0027] 1) Experimental group: Turn on the radio frequency-hot air heating equipment (model COMBI 6-S, Strayfield International Limited, Wokingham, UK), filter the surface of the yellow gardenia after blanching in step (2) and spread it flat in a plastic container, put it in the center of the upper and lower plates of the radio frequency-hot air heating equipment, close the hatch, and start the hot air drying system alone until the material is dried to a wet basis moisture content of 40%. At this time, turn on the radio frequency heating system and enter the radio frequency-hot air combined drying mode. The hot air temperature is 60°C, the wind speed is 1.0m / s, the distance between the radio frequency plates is 110mm, and intermittent temperature control drying is adopted (when the material temperature is higher than the target temperature (60°C), the radio frequency heating stops; when it is lower than the target temperature, the radio frequency heating starts, and the temperature accuracy range is ±1°C; the radio frequency frequency is 27.12MHz, and the power is 5Kw), and the material target temperature is 60°C. For the first 4 hours of drying, take out and weigh it every 30 minutes, and then take it out and weigh it every 2 hours until the wet basis moisture content of the gardenia jasminoides is less than 8.5% (actually 8.0%), open the equipment and take out the gardenia jasminoides.

[0028] 2) Control group 1: Turn on the hot air drying system, filter the surface of the yellow gardenia after blanching in step (2) and spread it flat in a plastic container, put it into the center of the upper and lower plates of the radio frequency-hot air heating equipment (model COMBI 6-S, Strayfield International Limited, Wokingham, UK), close the door, and start the hot air drying system alone. Take out and weigh it every thirty minutes for the first four hours of drying, and then take it out and weigh it every two hours until the wet basis moisture content of the yellow gardenia is less than 8.5% (actually 8.0%), open the equipment door, and take out the yellow gardenia. The drying temperature is 60°C and the wind speed is 1.0m / s.

[0029] 3) Control group 2: Turn on the infrared drying system, filter the surface of the yellow gardenia after blanching in step (2) and spread it flat in a plastic container, put it into an infrared heating device (model QR-204-3B, Henan Fengnuo Machinery Co., Ltd.) until the wet basis moisture content of the yellow gardenia is less than 8.5% (actually 8.0%), open the equipment door, and take out the yellow gardenia. The infrared power is 3Kw, the radiation distance is 12cm, and the drying temperature is 60°C.

[0030] 4) Control group 3: Open the microwave drying system, filter the surface of the yellow gardenia after blanching in step (2) and spread it flat in a plastic container, put it into a microwave heating device (model FLT-T-2, Henan Fengnuo Machinery Co., Ltd.), and wait until the wet basis moisture content of the yellow gardenia is less than 8.5% (actually 8.0%), open the equipment door, and take out the yellow gardenia. The microwave power is 3KW.

[0031] 5) Control group 4: Open the vacuum drying system, filter the surface of the yellow gardenia after blanching in step (2) and spread it flat in a plastic container, put it into an infrared vacuum heating device (model QR-6PV-1, Henan Fengnuo Machinery Co., Ltd.), until the wet basis moisture content of the yellow gardenia is less than 8.5% (actually 8.0%), open the equipment door, and take out the yellow gardenia. The drying temperature is 60°C and the vacuum degree is 10Kpa.

[0032] (4) Storage: Cool the dried Gardenia jasminoides in each group to room temperature and store them in sealed containers.

[0033] (5) Color determination: The color determination method of yellow gardenia is a computer vision system. The system consists of a CN-T6240 portable LED photography light box (color temperature 6500K), a Canon EOS 600D digital camera (18-55mm lens, 18 million pixels) and a laptop pre-installed with MATLAB (2017b). When collecting images, the dried yellow gardenia samples of each group were placed directly under the digital camera lens of the computer vision system, 20 cm away from the lens. Each group of samples was tested six times, and the image parameters obtained were converted into L*, a* and b* color values ​​using MATLAB (2017) software.

[0034] (6) Content detection: After the dried Gardenia jasminoides was ground into powder using a Chinese medicinal material grinding mill (model RM 200), the contents of gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid, and crocin I in each drying treatment group were detected. The detection methods of gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid, and crocin I were determined in accordance with the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)" (General Chapter 0512), and the determination results are detailed in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 1, compared with the Gardenia jasminoides sample treated with hot air drying alone, the sample treated with hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying was significantly better than that treated with hot air drying in terms of color. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the time required for hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying is 30 hours, while the time required for hot air drying is 35.5 hours. The contents of gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid and crocin I in the dried products obtained by hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying and hot air drying alone are 6.80%, 0.15%, 2.19% and 4.48%, 0.11%, 1.74%, respectively. Therefore, compared with hot air drying, the hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying shortens the drying time by 18.33% for the same quality of yellow gardenia using the same blanching pretreatment. According to the improvement data of gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid and crocin I in the two groups, the hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying (the actual dried product is shown in Figure 1) is more effective than the hot air + (RF-hot air) combined drying. Figure 2) Compared with hot air drying (see the actual dried product Figure 3 ), the color is better.

[0038] In addition, the present invention also compares conventional drying schemes in the prior art, such as infrared drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying. According to Table 1, the colors obtained by infrared drying, microwave drying and vacuum drying are worse than those obtained by hot air + (radio frequency-hot air) combined drying. Among them, microwave drying shortens the drying time compared with hot air + (radio frequency-hot air) combined drying, but the contents of gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid and crocin I in the reaction color are lower than those in the hot air + (radio frequency-hot air) combined drying treatment group.

[0039] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drying Gardenia jasminoides based on the coupling of quality and efficiency, characterized in that: The method comprises the steps of sequentially subjecting the gardenia jasmine to hot air drying and radio frequency-hot air drying.

2. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before hot air drying, the gardenia jasmine is blanched.

3. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 2, characterized in that: The blanching treatment is steam blanching at 95° C., and the steam blanching time is 90 seconds.

4. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot air drying is to dry the gardenia jasmine to a wet basis moisture content of 40%.

5. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the radio frequency-hot air drying, the distance between the radio frequency plates is 110 mm.

6. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the radio frequency-hot air drying, the temperature of the hot air is 60° C., and the wind speed of the hot air is 1.0 m / s.

7. The method for drying Gardenia jasminoides according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the radio frequency-hot air drying, the wet basis moisture content of the gardenia jasminoides is less than 8.5%.

Images