Construction technology for improving blasting effect of vertical shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of mine engineering construction, and provides a construction process for improving a vertical shaft blasting effect, which comprises the following steps: drilling a blasting hole in a vertical shaft, filling explosive, and fixing a water pumping pipe; estimating the water pumping amount according to the size of the well section; the working face is covered with backwater through a water pumping pipe within the preset time; and when the estimated water pumping amount is reached, detonation is carried out. According to the method, the principle of water pressure plugging and core blasting is adopted, the shaft tunneling effect is improved, after shaft drilling and charging are completed, water is pumped to a working face, well submerging overburden pressure is formed, and blasting filling and plugging are completely wrapped by a water medium, so that core blasting is formed, detonation waves are promoted to tear rock masses, and thrown flying rocks are reduced; the water curtain blocks upward transmission of detonation waves, and damage to an upper construction operation platform is reduced. And meanwhile, dust, blasting fume and the like after blasting are dedusted and diluted in the water curtain descending process, and the fresh air flow of the working face is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mining engineering construction, and more specifically to a construction process for improving shaft blasting effect. Background Art

[0002] In underground mining projects, shaft blasting, as a crucial construction method, is widely used to break hard rocks and soil for ore mining, tunneling, and the development and utilization of underground space. However, despite the long history and wide application of shaft blasting technology, traditional blasting methods face many challenges and shortcomings. Among them, poor blasting effect is one of the most prominent problems. Due to the extreme complexity and diversity of geological conditions, traditional shaft blasting design faces huge challenges in implementation. Differences in rock hardness, crack distribution, water content, and other geological characteristics directly affect the propagation and release of explosion energy. For example, hard rocks may require greater explosion energy to achieve the ideal crushing effect, while rocks with developed cracks may be difficult to achieve the expected degree of crushing due to the rapid dissipation of energy. In addition, the amount of water in the rock will also affect the propagation speed and effect of the explosion shock wave, and thus affect the rock crushing morphology after blasting.

[0003] Under such geological conditions, traditional blasting designs often have difficulty in accurately controlling the release of explosive energy, resulting in different degrees of rock fragmentation after blasting. Sometimes, the rock is over-fragmented, forming a large amount of fine-grained debris, which not only increases the difficulty of subsequent screening, transportation and processing, but may also lead to waste of resources. In other cases, the rock may be under-fragmented, leaving a large number of large pieces of rock, which not only requires additional crushing operations and reduces construction efficiency, but may also hinder subsequent mining and excavation work. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a construction process for improving the effect of shaft blasting, which can reduce damage to the upper construction work platform and remove and dilute the dust, blasting smoke, etc. after the blasting.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention proposes a construction process for improving the shaft blasting effect, comprising the following steps: Drill blast holes in the shaft, load them with explosives, and secure the water pipes for pumping water; Estimate the amount of water to be pumped based on the size of the well section; Return water to the working surface through the pumping pipe within the preset time; When the estimated pumping water volume is reached, detonation is carried out.

[0006] In some embodiments, during the backwater covering process, the flooding pressure is controlled at 30cm-50cm.

[0007] In some embodiments, the hole spacing of the blasting holes is 570 mm-700 mm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the blasting holes are arranged in concentric circles, and the diameter of the concentric circles ranges from 200 to 1600 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the blast hole is 2000 mm deep.

[0010] In some embodiments, the formula for estimating the amount of water to be pumped based on the size of the well section is: V = S * h; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, S: well cross-sectional area, m2, h: overburden height, m.

[0011] In some embodiments, the formula for returning water to the working surface through the pumping pipe within a preset time is: V = Q * t; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, Q: theoretical displacement of the pump, m³ / h, t: pumping time, min.

[0012] In some embodiments, after explosives are placed in each blasting hole, a detonator and a detonating cord are connected, and the blasting hole is sealed with bamboo strips.

[0013] In some embodiments, detonating cords are used to connect the blast holes to form a blasting network.

[0014] In some embodiments, before blasting, debris around the work surface is cleared and a warning area is set up; After blasting, clean up new debris on the work surface.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: The invention proposes a construction process for improving the blasting effect of a vertical shaft, the method comprising: drilling a blasting hole on the vertical shaft, filling it with explosives, and fixing a pumping water pipe; estimating the pumping water volume according to the size of the well section; returning water to the working surface through the pumping water pipe within a preset time; and detonating when the estimated pumping water volume is reached.

[0016] The present invention adopts the principle of water pressure plugging + core blasting to improve the vertical shaft excavation effect. After the vertical shaft is drilled and charged, water is pumped to the working surface to form a flooded well pressure, so that the blasting filling and plugging are completely wrapped by the water medium, thereby forming a core blasting, promoting the tearing of the rock mass and the reduction of thrown flying rocks by the blasting wave, and the water curtain blocks the upward transmission of the blasting wave, reducing the damage to the upper construction platform. At the same time, during the descent of the water curtain, the dust and smoke after the blasting are removed and diluted, effectively improving the fresh air flow of the working surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present invention but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A flow chart of a construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic elevation view of a construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a vertical shaft blasting arrangement of a construction process for improving the vertical shaft blasting effect according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a charging structure of a construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0019] In addition, reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0020] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as the general understanding of those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with an idealized or overly formal meaning unless specifically defined as in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] The present invention proposes a construction process to improve the effect of shaft blasting. Figure 1 , including the following steps: Drill blast holes in the shaft, load them with explosives, and secure the water pipes for pumping water; Estimate the amount of water to be pumped based on the size of the well section; Return water to the working surface through the pumping pipe within the preset time; When the estimated pumping water volume is reached, detonation is carried out.

[0022] This method mainly adopts the construction technology of pumping and plugging + core blasting for vertical excavation blasting. The method is simple and easy to implement, the construction process control is reliable, the construction technology level and technical difficulty are not high, and it is easy to master and adjust. At the same time, the construction method can reduce the unit consumption of explosives in shaft construction, reduce the investment in dust removal and dust reduction, and reduce the emission of toxic and harmful gases after dilution and dissolution blasting. The effect is significant and solves the technical problems related to excavation blasting in similar projects.

[0023] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are as follows: According to the blasting design, complete the steps of blasting hole layout, drilling, charging, plugging, and wiring; complete the cleaning of the wiring and working surface, fix the position of the pumping water pipe to prevent direct scouring of the blasthole; estimate the pumping water volume according to the size of the well section; start pumping, and cut off the power supply after the estimated volume is completed; complete the detonation normally; arrange special personnel for safety supervision during non-blasting periods.

[0024] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction process for improving the effect of shaft blasting, and to achieve efficient, safe and environmentally friendly shaft blasting construction through scientific planning, fine operation and implementation of safety measures.

[0025] Before shaft blasting, a detailed geological survey and exploration is conducted on the blasting site to obtain information such as geological structure and lithology distribution. According to the survey and exploration results, a specific shaft blasting plan is formulated to determine the blasting hole position, hole diameter, hole depth and other parameters. According to the blasting hole position determined by the design plan, holes are drilled on the shaft wall in a reasonable arrangement. Before drilling, pumice, loose stones, etc. within the working surface must be carefully cleaned, and holes must be drilled strictly according to the hole position to reduce hole blockage during the charging process, ensure that the hole network parameters meet the design requirements, and achieve the expected blasting effect.

[0026] Strictly control the charge amount of each hole as required, and check the charge height and blockage height during the charging process. When blockage occurs during the charging process, the charging should be stopped and cleared in time, and handled with a long wooden pole. It is strictly forbidden to use drilling tools, steel bars, etc. for treatment. If detonators or explosive packages have been loaded, be careful not to impact the detonators or explosive packages when handling them. Yellow mud, rock powder, etc. are used as blocking materials, and no gravel is allowed in the blocking materials. According to the scale marks on the gun stick, control the blockage length to meet the design requirements. When laying the detonation network, the excessively long connecting wires should be cut off to make the network clear and easy to check. When laying the detonation network, the explosive packages must not be pulled hard.

[0027] The blasting station should be set up at a safe distance to ensure the safety of construction workers. Conduct a comprehensive safety inspection before construction to ensure that there are no people and objects around the blasting site. Construction workers must be equipped with safety protection equipment and abide by operating procedures to ensure the safety of personnel. Prepare an evacuation plan in advance to ensure that people around the construction site can be evacuated in time during blasting. Strictly implement environmental protection policies during blasting operations to control the impact of blasting vibration, dust, etc. on the surrounding environment. Evaluate the blasting effect after blasting, check the crushing situation, and evaluate the construction effect. According to the evaluation results, adjust and optimize the construction process to improve the subsequent blasting effect.

[0028] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , controlled at 30cm-50cm flooding pressure.

[0029] Hydraulic blasting uses the combined blocking effect of water and gun mud to transfer the high-temperature and high-pressure air mass generated by the explosion of explosives to the surrounding rock more fully. This effect can ensure the maximum utilization of the energy of explosives, reduce the amount of explosives used per unit volume of rock, and make the particle size of blasting slag more uniform, shorten the blasting pile throwing distance, and relatively concentrate the slag pile. When the explosives explode, the stress wave (shock wave) generated propagates in the incompressible water column, avoiding the process of air being compressed and then expanded by the stress wave. This helps to reduce the intensity of blasting vibration and shock waves, thereby reducing the impact and disturbance on the surrounding rock and initial support, and protecting them from damage. The atomization of water can reduce the smoke content during the blasting process, improve the working environment, and benefit the health and safety of construction workers.

[0030] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The spacing between blasting holes is 570mm-700mm.

[0031] The hole spacing of blasting holes is 570mm-700mm, which can make the blasting energy evenly distributed in the medium, avoid excessive concentration or dispersion of energy, thereby improving the uniformity and effect of blasting, reducing excessive crushing of the medium, reducing blasting costs, and also facilitating subsequent processing and utilization, making the cracks produced by blasting more continuous and extensive, thereby improving crushing efficiency and shortening construction period. It can reduce flying rocks and shock waves generated during blasting, reduce the risk of damage to surrounding equipment and personnel, and reduce the number of drilling holes and workload while ensuring the blasting effect, thereby reducing construction costs.

[0032] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The blasting holes are arranged in concentric circles, and the diameter range of the concentric circles is 200-1600mm.

[0033] The concentrically arranged blasting holes can ensure that the explosive energy is evenly distributed in the rock mass, thereby achieving uniform crushing of the rock mass, helping to reduce uneven crushing and improve the overall effect of blasting. Multiple blasting action circles can be formed, and these action circles are superimposed on each other to enhance the crushing effect on the rock mass. When the stress wave and the explosive gas act together, a criss-cross, dense inside and sparse outside, wide inside and thin outside crack network can be formed, dividing the rock mass into fragments of varying sizes. By reasonably setting the number and spacing of the concentrically arranged blasting holes, the amount of explosives can be optimized, the unit consumption can be reduced, which helps to save explosive resources and reduce blasting costs.

[0034] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 The blasting hole depth is 2000mm.

[0035] The blasting hole depth of 2000mm can make the explosive energy more deeply transferred to the rock mass, thus achieving better crushing effect. The crushed pieces are uniform, basically without unqualified large pieces and roots, and the blast piles are concentrated and have a certain degree of looseness, which meets the requirements of shovel loading equipment, and can reduce the number of drilling holes, thereby reducing the drilling workload. A larger single blasting volume can be achieved, thereby reducing the number of blasting times and improving construction efficiency. The unit drug consumption is relatively low, and the explosive energy can be transferred more deeply into the rock mass, achieving more efficient crushing.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The formula for estimating the amount of water pumped based on the size of the well section is: V = S * h; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, S: well cross-sectional area, m2, h: overburden height, m.

[0037] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 The formula for the water return coverage to the working surface through the pumping pipe within the preset time is: V = Q * t; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, Q: theoretical displacement of the pump, m³ / h, t: pumping time, min.

[0038] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 After placing explosives in each blasting hole, connect the detonator and detonating cord, and seal the blasting hole with bamboo strips.

[0039] According to the blasting design, place an appropriate amount of explosives in the blasting hole, connect the detonator to the explosives, ensure that the detonator can detonate the explosives, and connect the detonating cord to the detonator. The detonating cord is used to transmit the detonation signal. When connecting, ensure that the connection is firm and reliable to avoid falling off or breaking during the blasting process.

[0040] Select appropriate bamboo pieces, cut them into appropriate lengths and widths, insert them into the blasting holes, and use the toughness and strength of the bamboo pieces to block the holes to prevent the shock waves and fragments generated by the explosion of explosives from damaging the surrounding environment. The use of bamboo pieces can also reduce the loss of explosive energy and improve the blasting effect. Blocking blasting holes with bamboo pieces can reduce the loss of explosive energy and allow more energy to be used to break rocks or media. The toughness of bamboo pieces can buffer the extrusion damage of shock waves on the pre-cracked surface, reduce cracks in the excavation surface, and improve the flatness and quality of the blasting surface.

[0041] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , use detonating cord to connect each blasting hole to form a blasting network.

[0042] The blasting network accurately controls the detonation time of each blasting point, realizes multi-segment millisecond detonation, maximizes the use of explosive energy, and improves blasting efficiency. According to the needs of blasting design, the detonation sequence of each blasting point is optimized to reduce energy waste during the blasting process and improve the overall blasting effect.

[0043] Control the scope and intensity of blasting, reduce the hazards such as shock waves, seismic waves and flying rocks generated during the blasting process, protect the surrounding environment and personnel safety, make blasting operations more controllable, and adjust blasting parameters according to actual conditions to reduce accident risks.

[0044] By controlling the blasting point and detonation sequence, optimizing the amount of explosives, and reducing unnecessary waste, the blasting operation is more efficient, the construction period can be shortened, and the utilization rate and efficiency of equipment can be improved. Adjustments and optimizations are made according to different geological conditions and blasting requirements to ensure the blasting effect, improve blasting accuracy, and meet the blasting requirements under complex geological conditions.

[0045] In some embodiments, before blasting, debris around the work surface is cleared and a warning area is set up; After blasting, clean up new debris on the work surface.

[0046] Clear away debris, waste materials, loose rocks, etc. around the work surface, and ensure that there are no flammable or explosive items around the work surface, as well as other objects that may interfere with the blasting operation. Delineate a reasonable warning area based on the scope of the blasting operation and the possible hazards.

[0047] After the blasting is completed, wait for a while to ensure that all explosives have been exploded and there are no unexploded explosives or detonators. Clean up the broken materials, rock fragments, dust, etc. produced after the blasting, classify the cleared debris, inspect the damaged areas such as ground collapse and cracks caused by the blasting operation, and take appropriate repair measures such as backfilling and reinforcement according to the actual situation. After confirming that the blasting site has been cleaned up and is safe, lift the restrictions in the warning area, notify relevant personnel that the blasting operation has ended, and remove the safety warning signs and control lines.

[0048] Avoid debris from interfering with the propagation of blasting waves and ensure that blasting is carried out according to the predetermined design. Cleaning up new debris can keep the work site clean and orderly, facilitating subsequent construction and management work.

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0051] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction process for improving shaft blasting effect, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Drill blast holes in the shaft, load them with explosives, and secure the water pipes for pumping water; Estimate the amount of water to be pumped based on the size of the well section; Return water to the working surface through the pumping pipe within the preset time; When the estimated pumping water volume is reached, detonation is carried out.

2. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the backwater covering process, the flooding pressure is controlled at 30cm-50cm.

3. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between blasting holes is 570mm-700mm.

4. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting holes are arranged in concentric circles, and the diameter of the concentric circles ranges from 200 to 1600 mm.

5. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasting hole depth is 2000mm.

6. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for estimating the amount of water pumped based on the size of the well section is: V = S * h; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, S: well cross-sectional area, m2, h: overburden height, m.

7. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for returning water to the working surface through the pumping pipe within the preset time is: V = Q * t; Wherein, V: overburden water volume, m³, Q: theoretical displacement of the pump, m³ / h, t: pumping time, min.

8. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: After placing explosives in each blasting hole, connect the detonator and detonating cord, and seal the blasting hole with bamboo strips.

9. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use detonating cord to connect the blasting holes to form a blasting network.

10. The construction process for improving shaft blasting effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before blasting, clear away debris around the work surface and set up a warning area; After blasting, clean up new debris on the work surface.

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