Self-powered multifunctional sensor device

Abstract

The invention provides a self-powered multifunctional sensor device, and the device comprises a pyroelectric TENG device which converts mechanical vibration into the electric energy of a sensor, and converts the external temperature change into an electric signal through a pyroelectric material; the temperature controller is used for controlling the temperature change sensed by the pyroelectric TENG device so as to simulate the external temperature change condition; and the data collector is used for displaying the electric signal provided by the pyroelectric TENG device. A pyroelectric effect and a triboelectric effect are combined, a dielectric friction layer material of a common contact separation type TENG is replaced by a pyroelectric material sensitive to temperature response, a part responding to external temperature is provided on the basis of self-power supply, and the self-power-supply technology enables the device to have extremely high sealing performance. The device can operate for a long time in an underwater environment without external power supply, has the characteristics of high stability, long service life and quick response, and can be suitable for various severe environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pyroelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), and in particular to a self-powered multifunctional sensor device. Background Art

[0002] The self-powered temperature sensor is an intelligent sensor based on energy harvesting technology. It can capture energy from the surrounding environment, such as heat, light, vibration, etc., to achieve temperature monitoring without the need for an external power supply. Common energy harvesting methods for self-powered temperature sensors include thermoelectric power generation, photoelectric power generation, and vibration power generation. Thermoelectric power generation sensors use the Seebeck effect to convert temperature differences into electrical energy. This method is more efficient when the temperature difference is large, but the energy output is limited in low temperature difference environments; photoelectric power generation sensors convert light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect, which is suitable for environments with sufficient light, but the performance is limited when the light is insufficient; vibration power generation sensors rely on the piezoelectric effect to convert vibration energy into electrical energy, which is suitable for environments with vibration sources, but the energy collection efficiency is low for static or micro-vibration situations.

[0003] The self-powered temperature sensor based on triboelectric and pyroelectric materials is an innovative sensor technology that can convert mechanical energy and thermal energy in the environment into electrical energy, thereby realizing autonomous temperature monitoring. The self-powered temperature sensor utilizes the principle that materials generate electric charges during contact and separation, namely the triboelectric effect. When mechanical vibration or movement in the environment acts on the sensor, electrostatic charges are generated through the relative movement between triboelectric materials, and then these charges are collected through the action of the electric field to provide the required electrical energy for the sensor. This method does not require an external power supply and can continue to work in the presence of environmental vibrations. Pyroelectric materials have the characteristic of generating electric charges when the temperature changes. When the ambient temperature changes, electric charges will form on the surface of the pyroelectric material, and these charges can be collected and converted into electrical signals. This sensor is sensitive to temperature changes and can monitor temperature changes in real time without an external power supply.

[0004] Commonly used self-powered temperature sensors have limitations in energy conversion efficiency and response speed. To overcome these problems, researchers have developed efficient energy harvesting devices. To achieve the purpose of energy harvesting and temperature monitoring, existing self-powered temperature sensors mostly use structures based on thermoelectric effect or electrostatic effect.

[0005] There are two main types of thermoelectric structures. One is the collaborative working mode of thermoelectric effect energy harvesting module and temperature sensing module, where the energy harvesting mode includes heat energy conversion into electrical energy, electrical energy storage and management system, etc. The other is the mode of using only thermoelectric effect structure to realize energy harvesting and temperature monitoring.

[0006] Similarly, the main energy collection methods of electrostatic effect structures are: the electrostatic effect energy collection module and the temperature sensor module work together, where the energy collection methods can also include electrostatic induction, electric field force, etc.; the other is to use the electrostatic effect structure to achieve the purpose of energy collection and temperature monitoring. These technical means have significantly improved the performance of self-powered temperature sensors, making them have wider application potential in environmental monitoring, smart wearable devices and other fields.

[0007] The structure of the self-powered temperature sensor based on the thermoelectric effect usually includes a composite arrangement of thermoelectric materials and electrodes. However, the discharge area of ​​this structure is limited and the energy conversion efficiency is not high, resulting in a low response efficiency of the sensor when monitoring a large area and a high temperature gradient environment. In addition, environmental humidity and temperature fluctuations have a great impact on the performance of thermoelectric materials, and under extreme conditions, the sensor may be at risk of performance degradation or failure, so it is difficult to meet long-term and continuous monitoring needs. In addition, the electrodes in the sensor are in direct contact with the thermoelectric material, which can easily lead to electrode corrosion and aging, thereby shortening the service life of the sensor. On the other hand, since the thermoelectric material is directly exposed to the environment, particulate matter may accumulate on its surface, making it difficult to clean and maintain, and the accumulation of particulate matter may reduce the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor over time.

[0008] The self-powered temperature sensor that uses a complex thermoelectric module and a collection module to work together has a relatively complex overall structure, is not conducive to carrying, is not suitable for outdoor or mobile working environments, and cannot meet the needs of portable temperature monitoring.

[0009] After searching, it was found that the self-powered temperature sensor with publication number CN 114267781A provides a solution based on high-performance bismuth telluride-based thin film thermoelectric materials, but its structure includes multiple thin film layers and electrodes, resulting in a large overall volume, heavy mass, and poor portability. When collecting tiny temperature changes or in a high-interference environment, sensors with this structure may show insufficient charging capacity, and often require more complex designs, such as the synergy of multiple thermoelectric modules, to achieve higher monitoring efficiency, which further increases the volume and weight of the sensor and limits its scope of application. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a self-powered multifunctional sensor device.

[0011] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0012] A self-powered multifunctional sensor device, comprising: a pyroelectric TENG device, a solid-state relay, a temperature controller and a data collector; wherein:

[0013] The pyroelectric TENG device converts mechanical vibration into electrical energy for the sensor through TENG, and converts external temperature changes into electrical signals through pyroelectric materials;

[0014] The solid-state relay is used to control and protect the circuit;

[0015] The temperature controller is used to control the temperature change sensed by the pyroelectric TENG device, thereby simulating the external temperature change conditions;

[0016] The data collector is used to display the electrical signal provided by the pyroelectric TENG device.

[0017] Preferably, the pyroelectric TENG device comprises: a heating pad, a metal electrode, a dielectric friction material, a pyroelectric friction material, a force sensor and a linear motor; wherein:

[0018] The heating pad is used to change the ambient temperature sensed by the TENG during the test;

[0019] The linear motor and the force sensor cooperate with each other to provide a constant frequency of contact and separation for the dielectric friction material and the pyroelectric friction material, so as to cause the dielectric friction material and the pyroelectric friction material to generate friction charges, wherein the linear motor is used to generate mechanical vibration, and the force sensor is used to feedback the size of the mechanical vibration, which serves as a basis for the linear motor to adjust the mechanical vibration;

[0020] The friction charges generated in the dielectric friction material and the pyroelectric friction material generate induced charges in the metal electrode through an electrostatic induction phenomenon, thereby generating a stable electrical signal in an external circuit.

[0021] Preferably, the dielectric friction material is made of materials with excellent triboelectric properties, including polyamide resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum, etc.

[0022] Preferably, the pyroelectric friction material is made of materials with excellent triboelectric and pyroelectric properties, including lithium niobate, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.

[0023] Preferably, the linear motor is used to provide the conditions for reciprocating contact and separation, thereby controlling the pyroelectric TENG device to perform stable contact and separation at a fixed frequency to simulate natural vibrations.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature controller can output a temperature variation range of 20 to 300°C.

[0025] Preferably, the data collector comprises: an electrometer and an oscilloscope; the electrical signal is input into the data collector, the oscilloscope is used to measure the voltage value, and the electrometer is used to measure the current value.

[0026] Preferably, the oscilloscope can measure a voltage value of 0 to 8 kV, and a frequency of less than or equal to 350 Hz.

[0027] Preferably, the electrometer can measure a current value of 20 pA to 20 mA.

[0028] Preferably, the above device further includes: a thermocouple for testing whether the signal obtained by the pyroelectric TENG device is accurate.

[0029] Preferably, the above-mentioned device further includes: a protective shell, in which the pyroelectric TENG device, solid-state relay, temperature controller and thermocouple are enclosed and installed.

[0030] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0031] In response to the problems of limited discharge area and low energy conversion efficiency of thermoelectric effect sensors, the present invention designs a new self-powered multifunctional sensor device based on pyroelectric and triboelectric effects to improve discharge stability and energy conversion efficiency. At the same time, since thermoelectric materials are directly exposed to the environment, particulate matter may accumulate on their surface, making them difficult to clean and maintain, a fully enclosed casing is made to reduce contact with the outside world and inhibit electrode corrosion.

[0032] In response to the problems that thermoelectric effect sensors have low response efficiency when monitoring large areas and high temperature gradient environments, as well as the impact of environmental humidity and temperature fluctuations on the performance of thermoelectric materials, the pyroelectric and triboelectric effect sensors proposed in the present invention improve the response efficiency and stability of the sensors under different environmental conditions and increase the service life of the sensors by optimizing material combination and structural design.

[0033] In order to solve the problems that the self-powered temperature sensor with complex structure of thermoelectric module and acquisition module working together is large in size, heavy in weight and not portable, the present invention proposes a design using TENG as a self-powered power source to realize the nano-scaling of the sensor.

[0034] The present invention adopts pyroelectric technology, which can improve the sensitivity of the self-powered sensor, reduce the response delay, and solve the problem of the insensitive response of the self-powered sensor.

[0035] The present invention adopts nano friction power generation technology, which can achieve the technical purpose of nano-sizing the self-powered sensor and solve the problem that the self-powered sensor is not easy to carry.

[0036] The present invention combines pyroelectric technology and nano-friction power generation technology to realize a high-precision nano self-powered multifunctional sensor device. The sensor is applicable to pyroelectric and friction electric effects, the equipment is easy to manufacture, low cost, accurate in detection, quick in response and suitable for environments with rapid temperature changes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a self-powered multifunctional sensor device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the composition structure of a pyroelectric TENG device in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention: This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention provides a self-powered multifunctional sensor device, which combines the pyroelectric effect with the triboelectric effect, replaces the dielectric friction layer material of the ordinary contact-separation TENG with a pyroelectric material that is sensitive to temperature response, and provides a part that responds to the external temperature on the basis of self-power supply. The self-power supply technology enables the present invention to have extremely high sealing performance, and can operate for a long time in an underwater environment without external power supply. It has the characteristics of strong stability, long service life and rapid response, and can be applied to a variety of harsh environments.

[0042] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the self-powered multifunctional sensor device provided in this embodiment may include: a pyroelectric TENG device 1, a solid-state relay 2, a temperature controller 3 and a data collector 4; wherein:

[0043] The pyroelectric TENG device 1 converts mechanical vibration into electrical energy for the sensor through TENG, and converts external temperature changes into electrical signals through pyroelectric materials;

[0044] The solid-state relay 2 is used to control and protect the circuit;

[0045] The temperature controller 3 is used to control the temperature change sensed by the pyroelectric TENG device 1, thereby simulating the external temperature change conditions;

[0046] The data collector 4 is used to display the electrical signal provided by the pyroelectric TENG device 1;

[0047] In some preferred embodiments, the pyroelectric TENG device 1 includes: a heating pad 5, a metal electrode 6, a dielectric friction material 7, a pyroelectric friction material 8, a force sensor 9 and a linear motor 10; wherein: the heating pad 5 is responsible for changing the ambient temperature sensed by the TENG during the test; the linear motor 10 and the force sensor 9 cooperate to provide a stable contact separation with a constant frequency for the dielectric friction material 7 and the pyroelectric friction material 8, prompting them to generate friction charges, wherein the linear motor is responsible for generating mechanical vibrations, and the force sensor feeds back the magnitude of the mechanical vibrations, thereby enabling the linear motor to adjust the vibrations to reach the ideal frequency; the friction charges generated in the dielectric friction material 7 and the pyroelectric friction material 8 generate induced charges in the metal electrode 6 through the electrostatic induction phenomenon, thereby generating a stable electrical signal in the external circuit. Figure 2 shown.

[0048] In some preferred embodiments, the dielectric friction material 7 is made of materials with excellent triboelectric properties, such as PA, PTFE, Al, etc.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, the pyroelectric friction material 8 is made of a material with excellent triboelectric and pyroelectric properties, such as LiNbO 3 , PVDF, etc.

[0050] The sensor is powered by the triboelectric effect of the dielectric friction material 7 and the pyroelectric friction material 8 , and the ambient temperature is detected by the pyroelectric performance of the pyroelectric friction material 8 .

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the linear motor 10 is used to provide conditions for reciprocating contact and separation, thereby controlling the pyroelectric TENG device to simulate natural vibrations.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the linear motor 10 controls the pyroelectric TENG device 1 to perform stable contact and separation at a fixed frequency.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments, the temperature controller 3 can output a temperature variation range of 20 to 300°C.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the data collector 4 includes: an electrometer and an oscilloscope; the electrical signal is input to the data collector, the oscilloscope is used to measure the voltage value, and the electrometer is used to measure the current value.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the electrical signal may be a high-voltage alternating electrical signal.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments, the oscilloscope can measure a voltage value of 0 to 8 kV and a frequency of up to 350 Hz.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the electrometer can measure a current value of 20 pA to 20 mA.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the self-powered multifunctional sensor device may further include: a thermocouple 11 for testing whether the signal obtained by the pyroelectric TENG device is accurate (i.e., for testing whether the self-powered multifunctional sensor device senses temperature accurately).

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the self-powered multifunctional sensor device may further include: a protective shell, in which the pyroelectric TENG device 1, the solid-state relay 2, the temperature controller 3 and the thermocouple 11 are enclosed and installed.

[0060] The self-powered multifunctional sensor device provided by the above embodiment of the present invention applies pyroelectric materials to the TENG device, converts mechanical vibration into electrical energy for the sensor through TENG, and converts external temperature changes into electrical signals through pyroelectric materials to provide temperature data for the sensor.

[0061] (1) Apply pyroelectric TENG technology to ordinary TENG devices and improve the output performance of TENG through the pyroelectric effect.

[0062] (2) The data collector 4 is connected to an external display to detect the ambient temperature through the change of the electrical signal.

[0063] (3) Based on mode (1), placing the pyroelectric TENG device 1 in nature can improve the collection of green energy. For example, placing it at sea level can collect the low-frequency mechanical energy of wave fluctuations and the energy brought by the temperature difference on the sea surface.

[0064] (4) Based on mode (2), the biological body actively presses the pyroelectric TENG device 1, so that this self-powered multifunctional sensor device can be used as a portable human body temperature detection device.

[0065] The use of the pyroelectric and TENG combination part in the present invention in ordinary TENG can improve the output performance of the TENG device compared to materials without pyroelectric properties. The temperature controller 3 is used to control the temperature change of the heating pad 5, which can control the temperature change sensed by the pyroelectric TENG device to achieve the conditions of simulating the external temperature change, and the output temperature change range is 20 to 300 ° C.

[0066] The data displayed by the data collector 4 can directly correspond to the temperature of the pyroelectric TENG device, thereby achieving the purpose of measuring temperature. The data collector 4 measures and displays through an electrometer and an oscilloscope, and can input a high-voltage alternating electrical signal; the oscilloscope can measure a voltage value of 0 to 8 kV; the frequency can be as high as 350 Hz; the electrometer can measure a current value of 20 pA to 20 mA. The pyroelectric TENG device can be connected through an external circuit to detect the stable electrical signal output by the pyroelectric TENG device. When the temperature of the pyroelectric TENG device changes, this electrical signal will have a large deviation, thereby achieving the purpose of temperature sensing.

[0067] The dielectric friction material 7 is made of a material with excellent triboelectric properties, and the pyroelectric friction material 8 is made of a material with excellent triboelectric and pyroelectric properties. The triboelectric effect of the two is used to supply energy to the sensor, and the pyroelectric properties of the pyroelectric friction material 8 are used to detect the ambient temperature.

[0068] The linear motor 10 provides the conditions for reciprocating contact and separation for controlling the pyroelectric TENG device to simulate natural vibrations, and controls the pyroelectric TENG device 1 to perform stable contact and separation at a fixed frequency (preferably 5 Hz).

[0069] When this sensor is used as a touch sensor, triboelectric and pyroelectric signals are generated when there is human contact.

[0070] The self-powered multifunctional sensor device provided in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention adopts pyroelectric technology to improve the sensitivity of the self-powered sensor, reduce the response delay, and solve the problem of the insensitive response of the self-powered sensor; the nano-friction power generation technology is adopted to achieve the technical purpose of nano-sizing the self-powered sensor and solve the problem that the self-powered sensor is not easy to carry; the pyroelectric technology and the nano-friction power generation technology are combined to realize a high-precision nano self-powered multifunctional sensor device, which is suitable for pyroelectric and triboelectric effects, has simple equipment manufacturing, low cost, accurate detection, rapid response and is suitable for environments with rapid temperature changes.

[0071] All matters not covered in the above embodiments of the present invention are well known in the art.

[0072] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered multifunctional sensor device, characterized in that: include: A pyroelectric TENG device (1), a solid-state relay (2), a temperature controller (3) and a data collector (4); wherein: The pyroelectric TENG device (1) converts mechanical vibration into electrical energy for the sensor through the TENG, and converts external temperature changes into electrical signals through the pyroelectric material; The solid-state relay (2) is used to control and protect the circuit; The temperature controller (3) is used to control the temperature change sensed by the pyroelectric TENG device (1), thereby simulating the external temperature change conditions; The data collector (4) is used to display the electrical signal provided by the pyroelectric TENG device (1).

2. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyroelectric TENG device (1) comprises: a heating pad (5), a metal electrode (6), a dielectric friction material (7), a pyroelectric friction material (8), a force sensor (9) and a linear motor (10); wherein: The heating pad (5) is used to change the ambient temperature sensed by the TENG during the test; The linear motor (10) and the force sensor (9) cooperate with each other to provide a constant frequency of contact and separation for the dielectric friction material (7) and the pyroelectric friction material (8), so as to cause the dielectric friction material (7) and the pyroelectric friction material (8) to generate friction charges, wherein the linear motor is used to generate mechanical vibration, and the force sensor is used to feed back the magnitude of the mechanical vibration, which serves as a basis for the linear motor to adjust the mechanical vibration; The friction charges generated in the dielectric friction material (7) and the pyroelectric friction material (8) generate induced charges in the metal electrode (6) through an electrostatic induction phenomenon, thereby generating a stable electrical signal in an external circuit.

3. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dielectric friction material (7) comprises polyamide resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and aluminum.

4. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyroelectric friction material (8) comprises lithium niobate and polyvinylidene fluoride.

5. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linear motor (10) is used to provide reciprocating contact and separation conditions, thereby controlling the pyroelectric TENG device to perform stable contact and separation at a fixed frequency, simulating natural vibrations.

6. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature controller (3) can output a temperature variation range of 20 to 300°C.

7. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data collector (4) comprises: an electrometer and an oscilloscope; the electrical signal is input into the data collector, the oscilloscope is used to measure the voltage value, and the electrometer is used to measure the current value.

8. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The oscilloscope can measure a voltage value of 0 to 8 kV, and a frequency of less than or equal to 350 Hz.

9. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrometer can measure a current value of 20 pA to 20 mA.

10. The self-powered multifunctional sensor device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also includes: A thermocouple (11), used to test whether the signal obtained by the pyroelectric TENG device is accurate; A protective shell, wherein the pyroelectric TENG device (1), the solid-state relay (2), the temperature controller (3) and the thermocouple (11) are enclosed and installed in the protective shell.

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