High-speed current-carrying frictional wear testing device and testing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of material testing, and discloses a high-speed current-carrying frictional wear testing device and a high-speed current-carrying frictional wear testing method.According to the high-speed current-carrying frictional wear testing device, different input parameters can be regulated and controlled in a pulse power supply unit, so that discharge parameters are changed, a friction sample is made to make contact with a friction pair in different high-speed states, and the friction pair is made to be in a high-speed state; meanwhile, a friction sample can be subjected to a contrast experiment under the current-carrying condition and the non-current-carrying condition. The testing device and the testing method can be used for testing the friction and wear of the material in an ultra-high-speed state and an ultra-high-speed current-carrying state, and testing the friction and wear state of the material under different influence factors such as friction speed, contact form and current-carrying state, so that a complete friction and wear sample is obtained through testing; the influence on material friction wear in different physical field coupling environments is studied, and then the friction mechanism of the material is analyzed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material testing, and in particular relates to a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] Friction and wear testing is an accelerated testing method designed to simulate the contact surface of objects or materials under actual working conditions. By accelerating the friction process, this method can collect key data on the friction resistance of materials in a shorter period of time, providing an efficient experimental means for in-depth research on material properties.

[0003] Traditional friction and wear test devices and test methods are mainly designed for measuring relevant tribological parameters under normal conditions. However, there are relatively few devices and methods for measuring relevant tribological parameters under high-speed contact conditions. Due to the limitations of actual unit test conditions, there are huge differences between the indicators and working forms of traditional testing machines and the actual situation, and there are blind spots in the basic problems of friction and wear of materials under extreme conditions such as ultra-large current and extremely fast speed that cannot be revealed by theory. Under the extreme conditions of high-speed current, there is no effective and accurate test method for measuring material friction and wear, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of material friction and wear.

[0004] The loading current of traditional friction and wear testers is mostly in the 100A level, and the friction speed is in the 100m / s level. The test equipment proposed in the present invention can make the loading current reach above 10,000A level, and the friction speed can even reach up to 1,000m / s level. At present, there is no effective and accurate test method for measuring the friction and wear of materials under high-speed current-carrying conditions. Therefore, the development of new test devices and methods, especially those that can accurately measure tribological parameters under high-speed current-carrying conditions, is the key to solving this technical gap. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device and a testing method.

[0006] The present invention is implemented in that a testing method of a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device comprises:

[0007] High-speed current-carrying friction and wear test method:

[0008] Step 1, clamping the friction sample between electromagnetic rails, and setting a predetermined pre-pressure;

[0009] Step 2, electrically connecting the cable of the pulse discharge device to both ends of the track terminal;

[0010] Step 3, turning on the pulse discharge device to charge the energy storage capacitor of the pulse discharge device, changing the storage energy by adjusting the charging voltage, current, etc., so that the output voltage and current are different, thereby changing the speed of electromagnetic linear propulsion;

[0011] Step 4: After the energy storage of the pulse discharge device reaches a preset value, a single discharge is performed, and a closed loop is formed between track 1, armature and track 2. The armature, i.e. the friction sample, is clamped by the parallel tracks and driven to move at high speed along the fixed track by the electromagnetic force generated by the strong current passing through it and the strong magnetic field around it;

[0012] Step 5: The armature moves at high speed in the parallel rails, forming a pair of friction pairs with the rails, and friction and wear occur on the armature and rail surfaces; the rail pulse current is tested by a Rogowski coil, the voltage at both ends of the rail is tested by a high-voltage probe, the movement of the friction sample is monitored by a high-speed camera system, the movement speed of the friction sample is tested by a photon Doppler system, and the friction sample-rail temperature field is monitored by an infrared thermometer.

[0013] High-speed friction and wear test method:

[0014] Step 1, clamping the friction sample between electromagnetic rails, and setting a predetermined pre-pressure;

[0015] Step 2, electrically connecting the cable of the pulse discharge device to both ends of the electrode plate;

[0016] Step 3, turning on the pulse discharge device to charge the energy storage capacitor of the pulse discharge device. The storage energy can be changed by adjusting the charging voltage, current, etc., so that the output voltage and current are different, thereby changing the shock wave energy of the electric explosion;

[0017] Step 4: After the energy storage of the pulse discharge device reaches the preset value, a single discharge is performed to form a closed loop among the anode plate, the exploding foil and the cathode plate. The friction sample is clamped by parallel rails, and its rear end is close to the explosion point of the exploding foil. The explosion of the exploding foil generates a violent shock wave that drives the friction sample forward at high speed.

[0018] Step 5: The armature moves at high speed in the parallel rails, forming a pair of friction pairs with the rails, and friction and wear occur on the armature and rail surfaces; the rail pulse current is tested by a Rogowski coil, the voltage at both ends of the rail is tested by a high-voltage probe, the movement of the friction sample is monitored by a high-speed camera system, the movement speed of the friction sample is tested by a photon Doppler system, and the friction sample-rail temperature field is monitored by an infrared thermometer.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device comprising:

[0020] Electromagnetic linear propulsion unit, electric explosion impact unit, pulse power supply unit, mechanical adjustment unit and test unit;

[0021] The electromagnetic linear propulsion unit includes two parallel conductive tracks, which are friction pairs and contact the two sides of the friction sample to clamp the friction sample to form a conductive path. The conductive tracks are long strip structures.

[0022] The electric explosion impact unit is composed of a metal foil, an insulating layer, a cathode plate, an anode plate, a substrate and a pulse circuit. The metal foil is pressed onto a substrate loop fixed with the cathode plate and the anode plate through the insulating layer.

[0023] Furthermore, the pulse power supply unit is used for releasing electric energy and can be connected with the pole plate or the track to form an independent closed loop; after the pulse power supply unit is connected with the pole plate, it can form a loop with the anode plate, metal foil and cathode plate, and after docking with the terminals of the two tracks respectively, it can form a loop with track one, friction test block and track two; the metal foil is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle, and the metal at both ends is exposed, and the middle is wrapped by a plastic insulating layer, and the exposed metal at both ends is in contact with the pole plate.

[0024] Furthermore, the mechanical adjustment unit includes a U-shaped groove plate, an L-shaped insulating plate, an insulating back plate, an adjustment push plate, an adjustment block, a slide rail, and a slider. Slide rails are installed at both ends of two parallel U-shaped groove plates. The slide rails are installed vertically with the U-shaped groove plates. An adjustment block is also installed under the U-shaped groove plate. The adjustment block can move along a specified direction on the adjustment push plate. During the movement of the adjustment push plate, the adjustment block moves, the U-shaped groove plate moves with it, and the parallel distance between the two U-shaped groove plates changes. There is a strip track in the U-shaped groove plate. The track is sandwiched in the middle of the U-shaped groove plate through the L-shaped insulating plate and the insulating back plate, and only a part of it is in contact with the friction sample. The plane is outside, and the L-shaped insulating plate and the insulating back plate cover and clamp the track to block the contact between the track and the U-shaped slot plate, thereby playing an insulating role; the pulse power supply unit can inject different amounts of energy by setting different initial input parameters, thereby changing the output voltage and current parameters of the pulse power supply to provide different test states; the L-shaped insulating plate, the insulating back plate, the plate fixing plate, and the insulating layer are preferably made of insulating and high-temperature resistant materials, such as ceramics and glass; the track is preferably made of metal materials, including copper, silver, and aluminum, and is in the shape of a long strip that can withstand currents above kiloamperes, and is separated from the U-shaped slot plate by insulating materials.

[0025] Furthermore, the test unit includes a device for measuring various parameters of the friction pair during sliding electrical contact, including a voltage measuring device, a current measuring device, a speed measuring device, a high-speed camera, an infrared temperature measuring device and a signal acquisition device.

[0026] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0027] First, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a material friction and wear testing device and method under high-speed current-carrying state. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device of the present invention can adjust different input parameters in the pulse power supply unit, thereby changing the discharge parameters, causing the friction sample to contact the friction pair at different high-speed states, and at the same time, the friction sample can be subjected to comparative experiments under the two conditions of current carrying and no current carrying. The testing device and method of the present invention can test the friction and wear of materials under ultra-high-speed state and ultra-high-speed current carrying state, analyze the friction and wear state under different speeds, different friction materials, and different contact forms, study the coupling effect of different physical fields, the influence of the current carrying environment on friction and wear, obtain complete friction and wear samples, and thus analyze the friction mechanism of the material.

[0028] In electromagnetic linear propulsion, two fixed parallel tracks are often used as armature tracks. The armature is a C-shaped metal good conductor. In order to ensure good contact between the armature and the track, a close contact method is usually adopted. At this time, the width size of the armature is required to be very strict. At the same time, after the electromagnetic linear propulsion, the surface friction and wear of the armature is relatively serious. Often, the width size is not enough to meet the conditions for secondary use. Therefore, the present invention designs an adjustable caliber track platform, which can adjust the parallel distance between the tracks according to the width size of the armature, and can also maintain extremely high parallelism, so that the electromagnetic linear propulsion test is faster and more applicable.

[0029] The present invention provides two test states, one using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle to provide high-speed launch driving force, and the other using the electric explosion impact principle to use explosion impact. Both methods can instantly accelerate the friction sample to hundreds of meters per second or even kilometers per second and then perform high-speed friction and wear tests. When using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle, the armature can pass a current of more than ten thousand amperes within milliseconds.

[0030] Second, the adjustable horizontally opposed rails can adapt to armatures (friction test blocks) of different widths and sizes, and have strong applicability to armature sizes;

[0031] At present, there is no device that can adjust the large parallel distance between two tracks in the related invention patents using the principle of electromagnetic linear propulsion. Some of them can only make fine adjustments, and can only make small adjustments in a very small range. One device can only correspond to an armature of one width size. After the electromagnetic linear propulsion device is launched, the armature size will change, and the distance between the two friction surfaces of the armature will decrease, which cannot fully meet the conditions for secondary launch. In addition, the track surface will also be worn after launch, and the roughness will increase. At this time, the advantages of the adjustable horizontal opposed track are reflected.

[0032] Among the current friction and wear test devices, few use the shock wave of electric explosion to provide driving force for the friction test block. Most of them are pin-disc type, which rely on the rotation of the motor to provide friction. The speed is difficult to reach the KM / S level, and it is easy to have problems such as uneven force on the friction surface and inconsistent linear speed on the friction surface. In the present invention, the driving force for the high-speed movement of the friction sample can be derived from the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle or the electric explosion impact principle. Under the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle, the speed of the friction sample can be as high as KM / S level and a large current of 100KA level can pass through the friction sample. At this time, the extreme environmental state of high-speed current carrying can be achieved.

[0033] At present, most current-carrying friction test devices on the market are current generators to provide current-carrying environments. Their constant current is at the 100A level, and few can provide friction speeds up to KM / S level. There are almost no test devices that can provide extreme working conditions of high-speed current carrying. Under the principle of electric explosion impact, the speed of the friction sample can be as high as KM / S level, and only a high-speed environment is provided. Under the electromagnetic explosion impact, the friction sample can be a sample with bearings on both sides. The friction and wear of the bearing in a high-speed environment can be tested separately, and the friction and wear state under dry friction, liquid friction, rolling friction and other contact forms can be tested.

[0034] At present, there are few friction test devices that use the electric explosion impact principle to provide driving force. The units using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle and the electric explosion impact principle are independently controlled, and the two do not affect each other. The device of the present invention can be used for current-carrying friction and wear testing, and can also be used for high-speed friction testing, and can also be used as a launch device based on the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle or a launch device based on the electric explosion impact principle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a system schematic diagram of a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a flow chart for constructing a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is an axonometric diagram of the device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a front view of the device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a side view of the device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] In the figure: 1. main board; 2. high fixing seat; 3. ceramic nut; 4. clamping bolt; 5. slider; 6. push plate; 7. long slide rail; 8. short fixing seat; 9. track terminal; 10. plate; 11. insulating pad; 12. cross plate; 13. servo motor; 14. clamping plate; 15. insulating ring; 16. elastic pad; 17. push plate; 18. tightening bolt; 19. screw slider; 20. screw; 21. motor fixing seat; 22. quick clamp; 23. plate fixing plate; 24. metal foil; 25. side plate; 26. insulating layer; 27. short slide rail; 28. adjustment block; 29. ​​insulating back plate; 30. track; 31. L-shaped insulating plate; 32. U-shaped groove plate; 33. friction test block; 34. screw fixing seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device includes a mechanical testing unit, a pulse power supply unit, a computer equipment unit and a data detection unit.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the servo motor 13 is fixed on the main board 1 through the motor fixing seat 21, and the screw rod 20 is installed on the main board 1 through the screw rod fixing seat 34 and the motor fixing seat 21. The servo motor 13 drives the screw rod 20 to rotate, so that the screw rod movable block 19 moves forward and backward on the screw rod 20; the push plate 6 has V-shaped grooves symmetrically distributed front and back, and the parallel spacing between the two opposing U-shaped groove plates 32 can be changed by changing the relative position of the adjustment movable block 28 fixed below the U-shaped groove plate 32 on the V-shaped groove. The slider 5 and the screw rod slider 19 are fixed below the push plate 6. 5 is in contact with the long slide rail 7, and the long slide rail 7 is fixed to the main board 1 through the short fixing seat 8; side plates 25 are fixed on both sides of the rear of the main board 1, and the two side plates 25 are connected by a cross plate 12, and an insulating pad 11 is placed on the cross plate 12; the electrode 10 is embedded at both ends of the electrode plate fixing plate 23, the elastic pad 16 and the pushing plate 17 are in contact with and located in the middle of the electrode plate fixing plate 23, and the pushing plate 17 is in close contact with the metal foil 24, and can be pushed by the quick clamp 22 fixed at the rear of the side plate 3, so that the metal foil 24 is pressed between the insulating layer 26 and the pushing plate 17.

[0045] like Figure 5As shown, there is a strip track 30 in the U-shaped groove plate 32, and the track 30 is sandwiched in the middle of the U-shaped groove plate 32 by the L-shaped insulating plate 31 and the insulating back plate 32. The L-shaped insulating plate 31 and the insulating back plate 32 cover and clamp the track 30 to block the contact between the track and the U-shaped groove plate 32. The L-shaped insulating plate 31 tightens the track 30 in the U-shaped groove plate 32 through the cooperation of multiple sets of tightening bolts 18 and ceramic nuts 3. At the same time, the L-shaped insulating plate 32 is tightened by the tightening bolts 4. 1 is pressed down to completely fix the rail in the U-shaped groove plate 32; an adjustment block 28 and a slider 5 are fixed below the U-shaped groove plate 32, the slider 5 is in contact with the short slide rail 27, the short slide rail 27 is fixed to the main board 1 through the high fixing seat 2, the rail terminal 9 is separated and insulated from the U-shaped groove plate 32 by the insulating ring 15, the rail terminal 9 is in contact with the rail 30 through the circular holes on the U-shaped groove plate 32 and the insulating back plate 29, and is pressed on the rail 30 through the pressing plate 14.

[0046] The pulse power supply unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention is used to generate high-energy pulse current, and can be connected to the electrode plate 10 or the track 30 to form an independent closed loop; after the pulse power supply unit is connected to the electrode plate 10, it can form a loop with the anode plate 10 metal foil 24 cathode plate 10, and after being connected to the track terminal 9 respectively, it can form a loop with the two side tracks 30 and the friction sample 33; the metal foil 24 is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle, and the metal at both ends is exposed, and the middle is wrapped by a plastic insulating layer, and the exposed metal at both ends is in contact with the electrode plate 10.

[0047] The servo motor 13 is mounted on the main board 1 through the motor fixing seat 21, and drives the screw rod 20 to rotate, pushing the screw rod slider 19 to move forward and backward along the screw rod. The screw rod slider drives the push plate 6 to move, thereby changing the parallel spacing between the U-shaped groove plates 32.

[0048] The V-shaped groove on the push plate 6 is fine-tuned by adjusting the position of the movable block 28 to ensure that the spacing between the U-shaped groove plates meets the test requirements.

[0049] The slide block 5 contacts the long slide rail 7 or the short slide rail 27, and the slide rail is stabilized on the main board through the fixing seats 2 and 8, so as to realize the smooth movement and positioning of the push plate and the U-shaped groove plate.

[0050] A strip track 30 is arranged in the U-shaped groove plate 32 , and the track is covered and clamped by the L-shaped insulating plate 31 and the insulating back plate 29 to prevent the track from directly contacting the U-shaped groove plate to cause current leakage.

[0051] The rail terminal 9 is isolated from the U-shaped groove plate by the insulating ring 15, and the terminal is tightly connected to the rail 30 by the pressing plate 14 to achieve circuit conduction.

[0052] A plurality of tension bolts 18 are used in conjunction with ceramic nuts 3 to tighten and fix the rail in the U-shaped groove plate, and the compression bolts 4 further compress the L-shaped insulating plate to ensure the stability and insulation of the rail.

[0053] The pulse power supply unit provides high-energy pulse current, which is connected to the plate 10 and the track 30 respectively to form different closed loops:

[0054] When the pulse power source is connected to the electrode plate 10, the current passes through the exposed metal areas at both ends of the metal foil 24 to form a loop, and the insulating material in the middle of the metal foil plays the role of insulation and isolation.

[0055] When the pulse power supply is connected to the rail terminal 9, the current forms a loop through the rail 30 and the friction test block 33, simulating the current conduction and wear process of the friction contact interface under the current-carrying state.

[0056] The metal foil 24 is pressed between the pushing plate 17 and the pole plate 10 to ensure a good electrical contact state of the metal foil 24 and stability of the explosion point of the metal foil.

[0057] During the test, the data detection unit monitors parameters such as friction, current, and temperature in real time through sensors and transmits them to the computer equipment unit.

[0058] The computer equipment unit analyzes the collected data to obtain key information such as current, voltage, speed, temperature field, etc. during the friction and wear process.

[0059] Through real-time data feedback, the wear mechanism of friction test blocks and rails under high-speed current-carrying conditions can be evaluated, the wear resistance and conductive stability of the materials can be verified, and data support can be provided for the research and development of new materials.

[0060] In summary, the device realizes friction and wear testing under high-speed current-carrying conditions through a precise mechanical adjustment system, a pulse power closed loop, and a data acquisition and monitoring system, providing reliable data and experimental platforms, which is helpful for in-depth research on the friction and wear performance of materials in a multi-physical field coupling environment.

[0061] The test unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a device for measuring various parameters during the sliding electrical contact process of the friction pair, including a voltage measuring device, a current measuring device, a speed measuring device, a high-speed camera, an infrared temperature measuring device and a signal acquisition device.

[0062] The servo motor is installed on the main board through the motor fixing seat, driving the screw to rotate, thereby pushing the screw block to move forward and backward along the screw. The screw block is connected to the slider through the push plate, and the slider slides smoothly on the long or short slide rail to achieve precise displacement of the push plate. The V-groove on the push plate cooperates with the adjustment block under the U-groove plate. By changing the relative position of the adjustment block in the V-groove, the parallel spacing between the two opposing U-groove plates can be adjusted to fix friction specimens of different sizes and adjust the test conditions.

[0063] The U-shaped groove plate is equipped with a strip track, which is fixed by the L-shaped insulating plate and the insulating back plate. Multiple sets of tension bolts and ceramic nuts are used to tighten the track firmly in the U-shaped groove plate, while the compression bolts press down the L-shaped insulating plate to ensure that the track is fully fixed and maintain structural stability. Insulating materials such as ceramics and plastics ensure electrical isolation between the track and the U-shaped groove plate, and the track terminal is further isolated from the contact part by the insulating ring to avoid short circuits between conductive parts.

[0064] The pulse power supply unit can inject different amounts of energy by setting different initial input parameters, thereby changing the output electrical parameters of the pulse power supply to provide different test states, and forming independent circuits after being electrically connected to the track terminals or plates. When the pulse power supply is connected to the plate, the metal foil forms a circuit with the anode plate and the cathode plate, which is used for friction and wear testing under high-speed non-current-carrying conditions. The exposed parts at both ends of the metal foil are in contact with the plate, and the intermediate insulating layer prevents short circuits. If the pulse power supply is connected to the track terminal, the current passes through the track, the friction specimen, and the opposite track to form a circuit, which is used for friction and wear testing under high-speed current-carrying conditions.

[0065] The test unit is equipped with a variety of sensors and detection equipment. The voltage measuring device and the current measuring device monitor the changes in electrical parameters during the sliding contact of the friction pair in real time; the high-speed camera captures the friction contact state, friction wear phenomenon, relative motion behavior, etc. between the friction sample and the track; the infrared temperature measuring device records the temperature field changes between the friction sample and the track during the test; the speed measuring device is used to collect the speed data of the friction sample. All measuring devices are connected to the signal acquisition device to form a complete dynamic data recording system.

[0066] During the test, the signal acquisition device integrates the data of each sensor in real time, including voltage, current, temperature and speed, and stores the data in the computer equipment unit. By analyzing the data and the friction and wear of the friction pair materials, the wear rate, electrical contact performance and thermal effect of the friction pair under high-speed current conditions can be evaluated. Combined with the experimental results, the device can be used to improve the surface contact state, optimize the design of electrical contact materials, and conduct in-depth research on the friction and wear mechanism of materials.

[0067] The working principle of the present invention comprehensively utilizes mechanical, electronic and data processing technologies to achieve accurate testing and comprehensive analysis of friction and wear behaviors under high current density and high-speed motion conditions.

[0068] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a material friction and wear testing device and method under high-speed current-carrying state. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device of the present invention can adjust different input parameters in the pulse power supply unit, thereby changing the discharge parameters, causing the friction sample to contact the friction pair at different high-speed states, and at the same time, the friction sample can be subjected to comparative experiments under the two conditions of current-carrying and no current-carrying. The testing device and method of the present invention can test the friction and wear of materials under ultra-high-speed state and ultra-high-speed current-carrying state, analyze the friction and wear state under different speeds, different friction materials, and different contact forms, study the coupling effect of different physical fields, the influence of the current-carrying environment on friction and wear, obtain complete friction and wear samples, and thus analyze the friction mechanism of the material.

[0069] In electromagnetic linear propulsion, two fixed parallel tracks are often used as conductive tracks. The armature can be a C-shaped or saddle-shaped metal good conductor. In order to ensure good contact between the armature and the track, a close contact method is usually adopted. At this time, the width size of the armature is required to be very demanding. At the same time, after the electromagnetic linear propulsion, the surface friction and wear of the armature is relatively serious. Often, the width size is not enough to meet the conditions for secondary use. Therefore, the present invention designs an adjustable caliber track platform, which can adjust the parallel distance between the tracks according to the width size of the armature, and can also maintain extremely high parallelism, making the electromagnetic linear propulsion test more convenient and more applicable.

[0070] The present invention provides two test states, one using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle to provide high-speed launch driving force, and the other using the electric explosion impact principle to use explosion impact. Both methods can instantly accelerate the friction sample to hundreds of meters per second or even kilometers per second and then perform high-speed friction and wear tests. When using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle, the armature will pass a current of more than kiloamperes within milliseconds.

[0071] During the high-speed current-carrying friction and wear process, electromagnetic linear propulsion can provide driving force for the friction sample. At this time, the friction sample is made into a C-shaped or saddle-shaped armature. The operation method is as follows:

[0072] (1) The friction sample is clamped between electromagnetic rails and a predetermined preload can be set;

[0073] (2) Electrically connect the cable of the pulse discharge device to both ends of the track;

[0074] (3) Turn on the pulse discharge device to charge the energy storage capacitor of the pulse discharge device. The storage energy can be changed by adjusting the charging voltage, current, etc., so that the output energy is different, thereby changing the speed of electromagnetic linear propulsion;

[0075] (4) After the energy storage of the pulse discharge device reaches the preset value, a single discharge is performed, forming a closed loop between track 1, armature (friction specimen) and track 2. The armature, i.e. the friction specimen, is clamped by the parallel tracks, and the electromagnetic force generated by the strong current passing through it and the strong magnetic field around it drives it to move forward at high speed.

[0076] (5) The armature moves at high speed in parallel tracks, forming a pair of friction pairs with the tracks, causing friction and wear on the armature and track surfaces.

[0077] (6) The track pulse current is tested by Rogowski coil, the voltage at both ends of the track is tested by high-voltage probe, the movement of the friction sample is monitored by high-speed camera system, the movement speed of the friction sample is tested by photon Doppler system, and the instantaneous temperature of the friction sample-track is monitored by infrared thermometer.

[0078] During the high-speed non-current-carrying friction and wear process, the electric explosion impact of the metal foil can provide the driving force for the friction sample. The friction sample can move along the parallel track direction. The contact form can be fluid friction, dry friction, rolling friction, etc. The operation method is as follows:

[0079] (1) The friction sample is clamped between electromagnetic rails and a predetermined preload can be set;

[0080] (2) electrically connecting the cable of the pulse discharge device to both ends of the electrode plate of the electric explosion impact unit;

[0081] (3) Turn on the pulse discharge device to charge the energy storage capacitor of the pulse discharge device. The storage energy can be changed by adjusting the charging voltage and current, so that the output voltage and current are different, thereby changing the shock wave energy of the electric explosion;

[0082] (4) After the energy storage of the pulse discharge device reaches the preset value, a single discharge is performed, forming a closed loop between the anode plate, the exploding foil and the cathode plate. The friction sample is clamped by parallel rails, and its rear end is close to the explosion point of the exploding foil. The explosion of the exploding foil generates a violent shock wave that drives the friction sample forward at high speed.

[0083] (5) The armature moves at high speed in parallel rails, forming a pair of friction pairs with the rails, causing friction and wear on the friction specimen and the rail surface.

[0084] (6) The track pulse current is tested by Rogowski coil, the voltage at both ends of the track is tested by high-voltage probe, the movement of the friction sample is monitored by high-speed camera system, the movement speed of the friction sample is tested by photon Doppler system, and the temperature field between the friction sample and the track is monitored by infrared thermometer.

[0085] Implementation Case 1: A 40mm wide pure aluminum block was used as the friction test block, and pure copper was used as the track material, i.e. the friction pair, to conduct friction and wear tests.

[0086] (1) Experiment 1: High-speed current-carrying experiment preparation: The friction specimen is a pure aluminum block with a width of 40 mm, a height of 15 mm, and a length of 40 mm. The overall structure is C-shaped, and the track is a pure copper track with a rectangular cross-section of 15*35 mm and a length of 1000 mm.

[0087] Before the experiment, the contact surface between the C-shaped pure aluminum armature and the track can be polished to ensure good electrical contact. By adjusting the distance between the two parallel tracks, the armature is clamped between the tracks, and the ends of the tracks are electrically connected to the two ends of the cable of the pulse discharge device.

[0088] Before discharging, the energy storage capacitor and discharge parameters of the pulse power supply unit are adjusted, and single discharge is adopted.

[0089] During the discharge process, high-energy current passes through the armature, and the peak current passing through the armature can reach 200KA. The armature is driven by the Lorentz force in the induced magnetic field and instantly accelerates to the KM / S level. During the movement along the track, high-speed current-carrying friction and wear are generated with the track.

[0090] (2) Experiment 2: High-speed non-current-carrying experiment equipment: The friction specimen is a pure aluminum block with a width of 40 mm, a height of 15 mm and a length of 40 mm. The track is a pure copper track with a rectangular cross-section of 15*35 mm and a length of 1000 mm. The explosive foil is a pre-set 150 mm wide aluminum foil with a narrow middle and wide sides. The aluminum foil is wrapped with a plastic layer, leaving only the power connection area at both ends.

[0091] The friction sample is clamped between the rails, the explosive foil is pressed between the insulating plates, the power connection areas at both ends are connected to the pole plates, and the ends of the pole plates are electrically connected to the two ends of the cable of the pulse discharge device.

[0092] Before discharging, the energy storage capacitor and discharge parameters of the pulse power supply unit are adjusted, and single discharge is adopted.

[0093] The pulse power supply unit passes a pulse current into the aluminum foil, and the aluminum foil explodes to produce a violent shock wave. The energy of the shock wave is converted into the kinetic energy of the friction sample, which in turn makes the friction sample move at high speed, completing the high-speed motion process, and the friction sample and the track produce high-speed friction and wear.

[0094] The speed measuring device is PDV - Photon Doppler Tester, whose fiber optic probes are set at both ends between two parallel tracks. The photon Doppler velocimeter is used to directly determine the movement speed of the friction sample, and record the movement speed of the friction sample during the entire friction and wear process. The entire movement state of the friction sample is captured by a high-speed camera, which is conducive to obtaining high test accuracy and complete friction and wear phenomena.

[0095] The infrared temperature measuring device is outside the track, so that the temperature test range completely covers the armature and the track, and the changes in the temperature field during the entire experiment can be recorded.

[0096] The current measuring device is a Rogowski coil, which is set on the cable of the pulse power supply to record the discharge current changes of the pulse discharge equipment; the voltage measuring device is connected to the cables on both sides to record the voltage changes during the pulse discharge process.

[0097] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware part can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software part can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated hardware. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be implemented using computer executable instructions and / or contained in a processor control code, for example, such codes are provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device and its modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, or can be implemented by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware. The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device, characterized in that: The device comprises: Electromagnetic linear propulsion unit: comprising two parallel conductive tracks, the conductive tracks are long strip structures, serving as friction pairs, contacting both sides of the friction sample, clamping the friction sample to form a conductive path; Electric explosion impact unit: It is composed of metal foil, insulating layer, cathode plate, anode plate, substrate and pulse circuit. The metal foil is pressed on the substrate circuit with cathode plate and anode plate fixed through the insulating layer. Pulse power supply unit: used to generate high-energy pulse current, which can be connected with the electrode plate or conductive track to form an independent closed loop; Mechanical adjustment unit: including U-shaped groove plate, L-shaped insulation plate, insulation back plate, adjustment push plate, adjustment block, slide rail and slider. The adjustment block can change the parallel distance of the U-shaped groove plate. Test unit: including voltage measuring device, current measuring device, speed measuring device, high-speed camera, infrared temperature measuring device and signal acquisition device, used to measure the parameters of the friction pair during the sliding electrical contact process.

2. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive track is preferably made of metal materials, including copper, silver, and aluminum, has a long strip structure, can withstand currents above kiloamperes, and is isolated and connected to the U-shaped slot plate through insulating materials.

3. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal foil has a geometric structure that is wide at both ends and narrow in the middle. The metal parts at both ends are exposed and the middle is wrapped by insulating material. The exposed parts at both ends are in contact with the electrode plates to form a loop.

4. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical adjustment unit adjusts the movement of the push plate so that the adjustment block drives the U-shaped groove plate to move on the slide rail, thereby adjusting the parallel distance between the U-shaped groove plates and fixing the position of the friction sample.

5. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped insulating plate, insulating back plate, substrate and insulating layer are preferably made of insulating and high-temperature resistant materials, including ceramics or glass, which are used to insulate the rails and other conductive parts to prevent leakage.

6. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse power supply unit changes the output voltage and current by setting different initial input parameters, and provides different test energy states for simulating different current-carrying friction environments.

7. The high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed camera in the test unit is used to capture the friction phenomenon during the friction and wear process, the infrared temperature measuring device is used to monitor the temperature change of the material during the friction and wear process in real time, and the signal acquisition device records and stores data of various parameters collected during the test.

8. A method for friction and wear testing using a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear testing device, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Sample installation: The parallel distance of the U-shaped groove plate is adjusted by the mechanical adjustment unit, and the friction sample is clamped between two parallel conductive tracks to form a conductive path, while ensuring that the contact surface between the track and the sample is in the test state; Power connection: Connect the pulse power supply unit to the conductive track or metal foil plate, set the initial input parameters of the pulse power supply according to the test requirements, and adjust the output voltage and current to provide the required test energy; Loading and starting: Apply high-energy pulse current to the friction sample on the conductive track through an electromagnetic linear propulsion unit, or provide an electric explosion impact unit to make the metal foil undergo electric explosion operation under high temperature and high pressure to simulate the current-carrying friction environment.

9. The friction and wear testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Dynamic parameter monitoring: Use the voltage measuring device, current measuring device and speed measuring device in the test unit to monitor the changes of various parameters in the sliding electrical contact process in real time; Temperature and surface monitoring: The dynamic changes of the temperature field during the friction and wear process are recorded by infrared temperature measuring devices, and the friction phenomena during the friction and wear process are captured by high-speed cameras; Data acquisition and processing: All parameters collected by the test unit are transmitted to the signal acquisition device and stored as data files for subsequent analysis of the electrical contact performance and wear characteristics of the friction pair.

10. The friction and wear testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Adjust test conditions: According to different test requirements, the size or shape of the track can be changed through the mechanical adjustment unit to provide different contact states, and the spacing between the tracks can be adjusted to adapt to the external dimensions or contact states of different friction samples. Different pulse discharge parameters can also be set through the pulse power supply unit, including pulse frequency, amplitude and current size; Simulated environmental loading: using the electromagnetic linear propulsion principle to provide a high-speed current-carrying friction and wear environment, or using the electric explosion impact principle to provide a high-speed friction and wear environment; Analyze wear performance: Combine current, voltage, temperature field and surface morphology changes to evaluate the wear rate and surface damage mechanism of the friction specimen under current-carrying conditions.

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