Air chamber two-way temperature control system of inertial measurement system based on hot atom ensemble

Abstract

The invention provides an air chamber two-way temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble. Comprising a magnetic shielding cylinder, an air chamber, a refrigeration end heat conduction sheet, a heating end heat conduction sheet, a refrigeration end temperature measurement resistor, a heating end temperature measurement resistor, a heat sink, a first heat switch, a second heat switch, a third heat switch, four sets of superconducting magnets, a magnetic heat module ADR1, a magnetic heat module ADR2, a heating module, a control module and a magnetic shielding layer. According to the invention, a passive cooling mode of refrigeration only depending on natural heat dissipation is avoided, cooling is carried out by combining passive heat dissipation and active control, the cooling efficiency is higher, errors caused by long-time waiting are overcome, and the temperature stability of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble is improved; popularization and application are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of temperature control system design, in particular to an air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a thermal atom ensemble. Background Art

[0002] As an autonomous navigation system that does not require external information input, the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble has the advantages of high precision, fast response, and strong anti-interference. It plays a vital role in modern warfare and national defense and military construction. With the continuous development of informatization and intelligence in the quantum field, the hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system has good development prospects and huge development potential. In the future, it will become the backbone of the navigation market with the advantages of lower cost, higher precision and smaller size.

[0003] The hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system polarizes the alkali metal gas atoms in the gas chamber by applying a longitudinal static magnetic field and pumping light to the gas chamber, thereby hyperpolarizing the nuclei in the gas chamber, and then applies a transverse oscillating magnetic field to cause magnetic resonance of the atomic nuclei in the gas chamber to generate a macroscopic magnetic moment; when the carrier rotates, the intensity of the received detection light will change. At this time, high-frequency carrier magnetic field modulation is used to filter out low-frequency noise, and then the horizontal magnetic field is obtained through demodulation, and finally the angular velocity of the carrier rotation is obtained.

[0004] From the working principle, it can be seen that the normal working condition of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble requires high temperature heating of the gas chamber to increase the number density of alkali metal atoms, so that the gas chamber is filled with alkali metal vapor to the maximum extent, thereby obtaining a greater signal strength and improving the signal-to-noise ratio; when the temperature is too high, the collision rate between atoms increases, resulting in increased broadening, which is not conducive to signal extraction. Therefore, there is an optimal working temperature for the hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system with fixed gas chamber composition.

[0005] At present, the research on air and room temperature control is mainly divided into two parts:

[0006] On the one hand, there is the study of electric current heating coils, which improves the heating efficiency and suppresses the magnetic field generated during operation by changing the configuration and material of the coils;

[0007] On the other hand, the research on high-precision temperature control circuits improves the stability of heating by improving control accuracy and response speed. However, when the ambient temperature rises, a single heating scheme cannot quickly stabilize the temperature of the atomic gas chamber and can only rely on natural cooling.

[0008] Therefore, bidirectional control of the gas chamber temperature is critical to improving the stability of the hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system; the current heating coils commonly used at present can only perform unidirectional heating and reduce the temperature by passive heat dissipation, but the ambient temperature fluctuates in both directions. When the ambient temperature rises, the heating temperature needs to be reduced. At this time, you can only wait for a period of time for it to cool naturally. There is a lack of active cooling control schemes suitable for inertial measurement systems based on hot atom ensembles, the temperature control efficiency is low, and the temperature stability acting on alkali metal atoms is poor; therefore, there is an urgent need for a temperature control system that can maintain temperature stability while being able to adjust the gas chamber temperature in a faster response.

[0009] In order to overcome the above technical defects, the prior art proposes two solutions:

[0010] ① Two-way temperature control solution combining water cooling box and electric current heating technology;

[0011] The hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system is placed in a water cooling box to achieve cooling by lowering the temperature of the system's working environment;

[0012] However, water has a high specific heat capacity and low cooling efficiency, and the water-cooling box is large and difficult to miniaturize, which increases the size of the system. The air pumping vibration during the water-cooling box pumping process will produce a certain amount of noise, affecting the stability of the optical platform. The water-cooling box achieves the cooling effect by condensing the air in the box, which will cause a certain amount of water vapor to be generated in the box, which has a great impact on the optical path and causes errors. In addition, the cost is high, and the requirements for the coolant are also high, and pure water needs to be prepared. The current water-cooling box integrates the condenser at the bottom, which will cause squeezing during transportation, resulting in damage to the condenser and high maintenance costs.

[0013] ②Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) control scheme;

[0014] The working principle of TEC refrigeration is thermoelectric conversion. When TEC is connected to an external DC power supply, the electrons of the N-type semiconductor and the holes of the P-type semiconductor flow to one side due to the action of the electric field. This process will transfer heat. By changing the current passing through TEC, the flow direction of electrons and holes in the semiconductor is changed, thereby changing the direction of heat absorption and heat release, achieving the effect of both heating and cooling.

[0015] However, the TEC cooling efficiency is not high, and heating and cooling exist at the same time. Auxiliary heat dissipation must be taken into account during cooling, otherwise the cooling effect will be affected. TEC devices will be damaged due to thermal fatigue during long-term thermal cycles, and they have no moving parts, so the maintenance cost is high.

[0016] ③ Stick a heating film on the outside of the oven and control the heating through electric current;

[0017] This heating method of electric heating film can provide faster heating operation, and the heating temperature range is more balanced and controllable;

[0018] However, when the heating temperature needs to be lowered, the temperature can only be controlled through natural heat dissipation and PID, which will take a certain amount of time. In the process of waiting for heat dissipation and cooling, the internal or external environment of the air chamber may change. When the heat is cooled to a specific temperature, the temperature at this time may not necessarily be the temperature that makes the air chamber signal the largest. Some unnecessary noise will be introduced, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio, and the accuracy of temperature control relying solely on heat dissipation is also limited. Summary of the invention

[0019] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an air chamber bidirectional temperature control system for an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble. Based on adiabatic demagnetization and current heating technology, a bidirectional air chamber temperature control system with both heating and cooling is designed, wherein one side can control the magnetic entropy of the magnetocaloric module by current, thereby controlling the temperature reduction; on the other side, the heating is turned off for natural heat dissipation while cooling down, avoiding the inaccurate cooling method relying solely on heat dissipation, improving the temperature control efficiency, and further improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the hot atom ensemble inertial measurement system.

[0020] A gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble, comprising: a magnetic shielding cylinder, an air chamber, a cooling end heat conducting sheet, a heating end heat conducting sheet, a cooling end temperature measuring resistor, a heating end temperature measuring resistor, a heat sink, a first thermal switch, a second thermal switch, a third thermal switch, four groups of superconducting magnets (a first superconducting magnet, a second superconducting magnet, a third superconducting magnet and a fourth superconducting magnet), a magnetothermal module ADR1 and a magnetothermal module ADR2, a heating module, a control module and a magnetic shielding layer;

[0021] As an example, the air chamber is the temperature control object of the present invention.

[0022] As an example, the temperature measuring resistor is a platinum resistor.

[0023] As an example, the heat sink adopts a diamond heat sink sheet, which has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and low thermal mismatch, and the temperature of the diamond heat sink sheet does not change with the heat transferred to it, which can help the heat source to dissipate heat efficiently.

[0024] As an example, the three sets of thermal switches are used to control the transfer and blocking of heat. When the three sets of thermal switches are closed, heat is transferred, and when they are open, heat is insulated.

[0025] As an example, the four groups of superconducting magnets are the source of magnetic field, the magnitude of the magnetic field is controlled by electric current, and are used for the excitation and demagnetization operations of the magnetocaloric module ADR1 and the magnetocaloric module ADR2.

[0026] As an example, the magnetic thermal module ADR1 and the magnetic thermal module ADR2 are made of a magnetic thermal material, potassium chromium sulfate dodecahydrate (CPA), and absorb and release heat by its magnetocaloric effect;

[0027] The magnetic thermal module ADR1 and the magnetic thermal module ADR2 together constitute an ADR system.

[0028] As an example, the heating module is used to heat the heating end heat conducting plate.

[0029] As an example, the control module adopts a fuzzy neural network architecture to control the magnetic field changes of the four groups of superconducting magnets and control the on and off of three groups of thermal switches, and has a PID control and adjustment function.

[0030] As an example, the magnetic shielding layer is used to reduce the impact of the magnetic fields of the four groups of superconducting magnets on the gas chamber.

[0031] A control method for a gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble, comprising:

[0032] Step 1: When cooling is required;

[0033] ① The heating module is stopped, and one side of the heat conducting plate at the heating end is cooled passively by natural heat dissipation;

[0034] ② At the same time, close the third thermal switch, set the expected temperature, and actively cool down the side by connecting the cooling end heat conducting sheet of the ADR system;

[0035] ③ The active cooling process also includes: closing the first thermal switch and the second thermal switch, and the control module controls four sets of superconducting magnets to magnetize the magnetothermal module ADR1 and the magnetothermal module ADR2 to the corresponding maximum magnetic field, respectively, and enter the isothermal excitation stage;

[0036] ④ Then, the first thermal switch is disconnected, and the control module controls the first superconducting magnet and the second superconductor to perform adiabatic demagnetization. At this time, the temperature of the magnetothermal module ADR1 decreases due to the decrease of magnetic field, increase of magnetic entropy, and decrease of thermal entropy. Since the second thermal switch is in a closed state, the magnetothermal module ADR1 will simultaneously drive the magnetothermal module ADR2 to cool down. When the temperature drops to near the expected temperature, the second thermal switch is disconnected;

[0037] As an example, the expected temperature is close to the expected temperature, which is 1-2°C different from the expected temperature.

[0038] ⑤ Then the control module controls the third superconducting magnet and the fourth superconductor to adiabatically demagnetize the magnetocaloric module ADR2, so that ADR2 is cooled to the expected temperature, and at the same time, the heat is transferred to the cooling end heat conducting plate through the heat bus to achieve cooling of the air chamber.

[0039] As an example of the effect, the advantage of the ADR system with a cascade structure compared to a single-stage ADR is that it overcomes the single-stroke disadvantage of a single-stage ADR. After a cooling cycle is completed, there is no window period caused by the regeneration of a single ADR, and the cascade structure can achieve continuous cooling.

[0040] Step 2: When heating is required;

[0041] ① It is only necessary to disconnect the third thermal switch to cut off the cooling of the ADR system and use the control module to control the heating;

[0042] ② At this time, the heating end heat conductive sheet electrically connected to the heating module will perform a precise and controllable heating operation on the air chamber.

[0043] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0044] The overall structure of the present invention is scientifically and reasonably designed, and the operation is safe and reliable. It avoids the passive cooling method that relies solely on natural heat dissipation and refrigeration. By combining passive heat dissipation and active control for cooling, the cooling efficiency is higher, the error caused by long waiting time is overcome, and the temperature stability of the inertial measurement system based on the thermal atom ensemble is improved.

[0045] The invention discloses a two-way air chamber temperature regulation system with both heating and cooling functions. The heating part adopts electric current heating technology, and the cooling part adopts adiabatic demagnetization technology. While ensuring heating, the temperature can be reduced more efficiently. The invention has a fast cooling response, improves the air chamber temperature control accuracy, and helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the thermal atom ensemble inertial measurement system.

[0046] The technical structure of heating and cooling applied in the present invention is superior to the structural design of the prior art, so that the floor space occupied by the entire volume is smaller than that of the prior design structure, and is suitable for popularization and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is an overall structural design diagram of an air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ADR structure of Example 2 of an air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the ADR working principle of Example 2 of an air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Below, reference Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, a gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble includes: a magnetic shielding tube 1, an air chamber 2, a cooling end heat conducting sheet 3, a heating end heat conducting sheet 4, a cooling end temperature measuring resistor 5, a heating end temperature measuring resistor 6, a heat sink 7, a first thermal switch 8, a second thermal switch 9, a third thermal switch 10, four groups of superconducting magnets (a first superconducting magnet 11, a second superconducting magnet 12, a third superconducting magnet 13 and a fourth superconducting magnet 14), a magnetothermal module ADR115 and a magnetothermal module ADR216, a heating module 17, a control module 18 and a magnetic shielding layer 19;

[0051] As an example, the air chamber 2 is the temperature control object of the present invention.

[0052] As an example, the temperature measuring resistor 5 at the cooling end and the temperature measuring resistor 6 at the heating end are both platinum resistors.

[0053] As an example, the heat sink 7 is a diamond heat sink, which has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and low thermal mismatch. The temperature of the diamond heat sink does not change with the heat transferred to it, and can help the heat source to dissipate heat efficiently.

[0054] As an example, the first thermal switch 8, the second thermal switch 9, and the third thermal switch 10 are all used to control the transfer and blocking of heat. When the three sets of thermal switches are closed, heat is transferred, and when they are open, heat is insulated.

[0055] As an example, the four groups of superconducting magnets are the source of magnetic field, the magnitude of the magnetic field is controlled by electric current, and are used for the excitation and demagnetization operations of the magnetocaloric module ADR115 and the magnetocaloric module ADR216.

[0056] As an example, the magnetic thermal module ADR115 and the magnetic thermal module ADR216 are made of the magnetic thermal material potassium chromium sulfate dodecahydrate (CPA), and absorb and release heat by its magnetocaloric effect;

[0057] The magnetic thermal module ADR115 and the magnetic thermal module ADR216 together constitute an ADR system.

[0058] As an example, the heating module 17 is used to heat the heating end heat conducting plate 4 .

[0059] As an example, the control module 18 adopts a fuzzy neural network architecture to control the magnetic field changes of the four groups of superconducting magnets and control the on and off of the three groups of thermal switches, and has a PID control and adjustment function.

[0060] As an example, the magnetic shielding layer 19 is used to reduce the influence of the magnetic fields of the four groups of superconducting magnets on the gas chamber.

[0061] A control method for a gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system of an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble, comprising:

[0062] Step 1: When cooling is required;

[0063] ① The heating module 17 is stopped, and one side of the heating end heat conducting sheet 4 is cooled passively by natural heat dissipation;

[0064] ② At the same time, close the third thermal switch 10, set the expected temperature, and actively cool down the side by connecting the cooling end heat conducting sheet 3 of the ADR system;

[0065] ③ The active cooling process also includes: closing the first thermal switch 8 and the second thermal switch 9, and the control module 118 controls four sets of superconducting magnets to magnetize the magnetothermal module ADR1 and the magnetothermal module ADR2 to the corresponding maximum magnetic field, respectively, and enter the isothermal excitation stage;

[0066] ④ Then, the first thermal switch 8 is disconnected, and the control module 18 controls the first superconducting magnet 11 and the second superconductor 12 to perform adiabatic demagnetization. At this time, the temperature of the magnetocaloric module ADR1 decreases due to the decrease of the magnetic field, the increase of the magnetic entropy, and the decrease of the thermal entropy. Since the second thermal switch 9 is in a closed state, the magnetocaloric module ADR1 will also drive the magnetocaloric module ADR2 to cool down. When the temperature drops to near the expected temperature, the thermal switch 9 is disconnected;

[0067] As an example, the expected temperature is close to the expected temperature, which is 1-2°C different from the expected temperature.

[0068] ⑤ Then the control module 18 controls the third superconducting magnet 13 and the fourth superconductor 14 to adiabatically demagnetize the magnetocaloric module ADR2, so that ADR2 is cooled to the expected temperature, and at the same time, the heat is transferred to the cooling end heat conducting plate 3 through the heat bus to realize the cooling operation of the gas chamber 2.

[0069] As an example of the effect, the advantage of the ADR system with a cascade structure compared to a single-stage ADR is that it overcomes the single-stroke disadvantage of a single-stage ADR. After a cooling cycle is completed, there is no window period caused by the regeneration of a single ADR, and the cascade structure can achieve continuous cooling.

[0070] Step 2: When heating is required;

[0071] ① It is only necessary to disconnect the third thermal switch 10 to cut off the cooling of the ADR system and use the control module 18 to control the heating;

[0072] ② At this time, the heating end heat conducting sheet 4 electrically connected to the heating module 17 will perform a precise and controllable heating operation on the air chamber 2 .

[0073] In order to better illustrate the working principle of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the key units are now introduced as follows:

[0074] Embodiment 1:

[0075] The specific regeneration process of the cascade structure ADR system is as follows:

[0076] First, the first thermal switch 8 and the second thermal switch 9 are both in the off state, and the magnetocaloric module ADR1 is adiabatically excited by controlling the first superconducting magnet 11 and the second superconductor 12 until the regeneration temperature is reached;

[0077] Then, the first thermal switch 8 is turned on to make the magnetocaloric module ADR1 enter an isothermal excitation state. When the magnetic field of the magnetocaloric module ADR1 reaches a maximum value, the first thermal switch 8 is turned off to perform adiabatic demagnetization on the magnetocaloric module ADR1 until the temperature of the magnetocaloric module ADR1 drops to an intermediate temperature.

[0078] Since the second thermal switch 9 is in the disconnected state at this time, the magnetocaloric module ADR2 is adiabatically magnetized. When the magnetocaloric module ADR2 is heated to a temperature slightly higher than the intermediate temperature, the second thermal switch 9 is closed. At this time, the magnetocaloric module ADR1 is isothermally demagnetized and ADR2 is isothermally magnetized until the magnetocaloric module ADR2 reaches the corresponding maximum magnetic field.

[0079] Finally, the second thermal switch 9 is disconnected, and the magnetocaloric module ADR1 is adiabatically demagnetized to the maintenance temperature, which is slightly lower than the regeneration temperature of the magnetocaloric module ADR2. At the same time, the magnetocaloric module ADR2 is adiabatically demagnetized to the expected temperature, and the constant temperature cooling stage is entered again.

[0080] As an example, the adiabatic demagnetization method is an entropy change process based on the magnetocaloric effect, and its structural components include a magnetocaloric module, a superconducting magnet and a thermal switch; the magnetocaloric module is composed of magnetocaloric materials and a thermal bus, and the magnetocaloric materials absorb and release heat by their magnetocaloric effect; the thermal bus is used for heat transfer, transferring heat to a heat sink or a cold head; the superconducting magnet is the source of the magnetic field, and the size of the magnetic field can be controlled by electric current; the thermal switch connects the heat sink and the magnetocaloric module to control whether it is adiabatic; the heat sink is a type of substance, and its temperature does not change with the heat energy transferred to it; the cold head is responsible for providing cooling to the load; the size of the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is controlled by electric current, thereby causing the magnetocaloric module to absorb and release heat.

[0081] Example 2: Explanation of relevant knowledge;

[0082] Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration is an entropy change process based on the magnetocaloric effect;

[0083] According to different types of magnets, it can be divided into paramagnetic salt adiabatic demagnetization and nuclear adiabatic demagnetization, and the cooling magnitudes of the two are mK and uK respectively.

[0084] From the perspective of entropy, entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Under adiabatic conditions, the entropy of the system becomes 0. For magnetocaloric materials, due to the orbital angular momentum and spin of the electrons in the atoms, the atoms have magnetic moments. When no external magnetic field is applied, the orientation of the magnetic moments is disordered. This disorder is the magnetic entropy S. B , which is the state with the largest magnetic entropy. In addition to magnetic entropy, temperature is also the main factor affecting the entropy change of magnetic medium, corresponding to the thermal entropy S of the system. T , so the entropy of the system is S = S T +S B When the magnetic medium is adiabatically magnetized, that is, an external magnetic field is applied, the directions of the magnetic moments tend to be arranged in parallel with the external magnetic field, so the disorder decreases, the magnetic entropy decreases, and △S B <0, because the entropy of the system changes to 0 during the adiabatic process, that is, △S=△S B +△S T =0, so there must be △S T >0, indicating that the degree of thermal motion of the molecules of the magnetocaloric material increases, releasing heat to the outside, or in other words, under adiabatic conditions, the magnetic entropy is converted into lattice entropy, and the temperature rises; similarly, when adiabatically demagnetized, the external magnetic field is removed, and the arrangement of each magnetic moment will return to the original chaotic state, the disorder increases, the magnetic entropy becomes larger, and △S B >0, so there must be △S T <0, which means absorbing heat from the outside, or lowering the temperature under adiabatic conditions to achieve a cooling effect.

[0085] For paramagnetic materials, their magnetization is reversible. When the material exchanges heat with the external environment, the strength of the magnetic field can be controlled to make the material isothermal. Therefore, the cooling effect can be achieved by controlling the strength of the external magnetic field and the heat exchange state.

[0086] The composition structure of ADR is as follows Figure 2As shown in the figure, the three most basic components are magnetocaloric module, superconducting magnet and thermal switch. The magnetocaloric module is composed of magnetocaloric material and thermal bus. The magnetocaloric material absorbs and releases heat by its magnetocaloric effect; the thermal bus is used to transfer heat to the heat sink or cold head. The superconducting magnet is the source of the magnetic field, and the size of the magnetic field can be controlled by electric current. The thermal switch connects the heat sink and the magnetocaloric module to control whether it is adiabatic. The heat sink is a kind of substance whose temperature does not change with the heat energy transferred to it; the cold head is responsible for providing cooling to the load.

[0087] The specific working process is as follows Figure 3 As shown, including:

[0088] (1) ab segment adiabatic excitation. The thermal switch is disconnected and an external magnetic field is applied. Because it is adiabatic, the magnetic entropy of the magnetothermal module decreases and the thermal entropy increases, so the temperature rises to T h , that is, the heat sink temperature, reaches point b.

[0089] (2) Isothermal excitation in bc section. The thermal switch is closed, and the magnetocaloric module is connected to the heat sink. Then a magnetic field is applied and the magnetization rate is controlled, so that the magnetocaloric module releases heat isothermally to the heat sink until the maximum magnetic field B is reached. h , arrive at point c.

[0090] (3) Adiabatic demagnetization in cd section. The thermal switch is disconnected, reducing the magnetic field. At this time, the magnetic entropy increases and the thermal entropy decreases, so the system cools down to the cooling temperature T d , which is the target temperature of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration;

[0091] (4) Isothermal demagnetization in stage da. Control the demagnetization rate to make the magnetothermal module isothermal demagnetize until B d At this point, a refrigeration cycle ends, in which the refrigeration process for the load is mainly carried out in the da section.

[0092] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention, and is not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the ideas and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system for an inertial measurement system based on a thermal atom ensemble, characterized in that: include: Magnetic shielding tube, air chamber, cooling end thermal conductive sheet, heating end thermal conductive sheet, cooling end temperature measuring resistor, heating end temperature measuring resistor, heat sink, first thermal switch, second thermal switch, third thermal switch, first superconducting magnet, second superconducting magnet, third superconducting magnet, fourth superconducting magnet, magnetocaloric module ADR1 and magnetocaloric module ADR2, heating module, control module and magnetic shielding layer.

2. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air chamber is: the temperature control object of the present invention; the magnetic shielding layer is: used to reduce the influence of the magnetic field of the four groups of superconducting magnets on the air chamber.

3. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature measuring resistor at the cooling end and the temperature measuring resistor at the heating end are both platinum resistors.

4. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat sink adopts a diamond heat sink sheet, which has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and low thermal mismatch. The temperature of the diamond heat sink sheet does not change with the heat transferred to it, and can help the heat source to dissipate heat efficiently.

5. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first thermal switch, the second thermal switch and the third thermal switch are all used to control the transfer and blocking of heat. When the three sets of thermal switches are closed, heat is transferred, and when they are open, heat is insulated.

6. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four groups of superconducting magnets are the source of magnetic field, the magnitude of the magnetic field is controlled by electric current, and are used for the excitation and demagnetization operations of the magnetocaloric module ADR1 and the magnetocaloric module ADR2.

7. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic thermal module ADR1 and the magnetic thermal module ADR2 are made of the magnetic thermal material potassium chromium sulfate dodecahydrate (CPA), and absorb and release heat by the magnetocaloric effect thereof; The magnetic thermal module ADR1 and the magnetic thermal module ADR2 together constitute an ADR system.

8. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating module is used to heat the heating end heat conducting plate.

9. The air chamber bidirectional temperature control system of the inertial measurement system based on the hot atom ensemble according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module adopts a fuzzy neural network architecture to control the magnetic field changes of the four groups of superconducting magnets and control the on and off of the three groups of thermal switches, and has a PID control and adjustment function.

10. A gas chamber bidirectional temperature control system for an inertial measurement system based on a hot atom ensemble according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also included is a temperature control method, specifically: Step 1: When cooling is required; ① The heating module is stopped, and one side of the heat conducting plate at the heating end is cooled passively by natural heat dissipation; ② At the same time, close the third thermal switch, set the expected temperature, and actively cool down the side by connecting the cooling end heat conducting sheet of the ADR system; ③ The active cooling process also includes: closing the first thermal switch and the second thermal switch, and the control module controls four sets of superconducting magnets to magnetize the magnetothermal module ADR1 and the magnetothermal module ADR2 to the corresponding maximum magnetic field, respectively, and enter the isothermal excitation stage; ④ Then, the first thermal switch is disconnected, and the control module controls the first superconducting magnet and the second superconductor to perform adiabatic demagnetization. At this time, the temperature of the magnetothermal module ADR1 decreases due to the decrease of magnetic field, increase of magnetic entropy, and decrease of thermal entropy. Since the second thermal switch is in a closed state, the magnetothermal module ADR1 will simultaneously drive the magnetothermal module ADR2 to cool down. When the temperature drops to near the expected temperature, the second thermal switch is disconnected; ⑤ Then the control module controls the third superconducting magnet and the fourth superconductor to adiabatically demagnetize the magnetocaloric module ADR2, so that ADR2 is cooled to the expected temperature, and at the same time, the heat is transferred to the cooling end heat conducting plate through the heat bus to achieve cooling of the air chamber. Step 2: When heating is required; ① It is only necessary to disconnect the third thermal switch to cut off the cooling of the ADR system and use the control module to control the heating; ② At this time, the heating end heat conductive sheet electrically connected to the heating module will perform a precise and controllable heating operation on the air chamber.

Images