Transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased-array antenna and design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a transmitting-receiving split two-dimensional phased-array antenna and a design method thereof. The transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased-array antenna comprises a substrate; a receiving antenna array; the composite isolation cabin is arranged at the edge position of the substrate, an opening is formed in the top of the composite isolation cabin, and the composite isolation cabin is used for installing the transmitting antenna array and isolating signals of the transmitting antenna array from signals of the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1-2 radar wave lengths higher than the array plane of the receiving antenna array; the transmitting antenna array is arranged in the composite isolation cabin, and each array element of the transmitting antenna array is perpendicular to the substrate; the ratio of the number of the transmitting antennas to the number of array elements of the receiving antennas ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the receiving and transmitting split two-dimensional phased-array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmitting narrow-receiving mode. By adopting the transmitting-receiving split two-dimensional phased-array antenna provided by the invention, the transmitting-receiving split antenna and the transmitting-receiving integrated antenna have a relatively high transmitting-receiving isolation ratio under the condition that the sizes are almost the same.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and more specifically, to a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitting and receiving locations and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Electronic countermeasures and radar reconnaissance and jamming attacks are the primary threats to radar survival. LPI low probability of intercept radar will gradually become the development direction of future radars. Emitting continuous wave or high duty ratio quasi-continuous wave signals to minimize the radar radiation peak power under the same detection distance conditions is the best choice for LPI low probability of intercept radar. Continuous wave and quasi-continuous wave radars need to use two antennas with separate transmitters and receivers. The two major problems brought to the radar system are the increase in volume and the limit of radar detection distance by the transmitter-receiver isolation ratio, making continuous wave radar only suitable for short-range detection. Early weather radars used high-power pulse systems, mainly high-voltage and high-power vacuum devices such as klystrons, which were large in size, expensive, and low in reliability. Now they have developed into solid-state weather radars, which use pulse compression technology to emit wide pulses to reduce peak power and use solid-state power devices with lower peak power to achieve this. However, the wide sidelobe base of pulse compression brings a long strong target distance false alarm band. For example, when a 100μs wide pulse is compressed to a 0.2μs narrow pulse, there is a 100μs sidelobe base, forming a 15Km long strong target distance false alarm band. The continuous wave radar system that uses linear frequency modulation signal reception to remove oblique echoes and calculates distance by measuring frequency, avoiding pulse compression, will become the development direction of future weather radars.

[0003] The two-dimensional phased array antenna realizes the two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scanning range can reach 120°, and the vertical phase scanning range can reach more than 95°. It can realize rapid two-dimensional beam jumping in a larger coverage airspace, and has the function of precise measurement of three coordinates such as azimuth, pitch angle and distance. The whole airspace electronic scanning can be realized with 3 or 4 arrays. When the two-dimensional phased array antenna adopts the continuous wave system, the radar antenna needs to be realized by two antennas with high isolation ratio and separate transmission and reception. The isolation ratio is related to the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas. The isolation ratio increases by 6dB for each additional wavelength. Affected by the spatial size, the continuous wave two-dimensional phased array radar constructed by the traditional method has the defects of low transmission and reception isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor maneuverability and high cost, which limits the application of phased array technology in continuous wave radar. It also makes it difficult for the unique advantages of continuous wave radar, such as no range blind spot, low transmission peak power, difficult to intercept the transmission signal, strong anti-active interference ability, no cross-border signal jump when combining pulses to solve the range blind spot, and strong survivability. High working ratio pulse radars with the same characteristics generally adopt the pulse radar system with a common transmitting and receiving antenna. There is a large close-range blind spot. The range blind spot, speed ambiguity and range ambiguity are solved by combining pulses and multiple frequency differences. The work efficiency is low, there are many range wild values ​​and speed wild values, and there are a large number of deambiguation false alarms.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problems of low transmit-receive isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor maneuverability and high cost existing in two-dimensional phased array antennas using continuous wave system is the focus of current research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of low transmit-receive isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight and poor maneuverability of two-dimensional phased array antennas using continuous wave systems in the prior art, the present invention provides solutions in the following aspects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, comprising: A substrate, used for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; The receiving antenna array is composed of a plurality of sub-array units parallel to each other, the lengths of the sub-array units gradually increase from both sides to the middle of the receiving antenna array, and the array plane of the receiving antenna composed of the sub-array units is centrally symmetrical; a sub-array unit includes a plurality of rows of sub-arrays of equal length, and each array element of the sub-array is perpendicular to the substrate; A composite isolation cabin, which is arranged at the edge of the substrate and has an opening at the top, for installing a transmitting antenna array and isolating the signal of the transmitting antenna array from the signal of the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array; A transmitting antenna array is arranged inside the composite isolation cabin, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; The ratio of the number of transmitting antennas to the number of array elements of the receiving antenna ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception adopts a DBF wide-transmission and narrow-reception mode.

[0007] The beneficial effects are as follows: since the isolation ratio is related to the spacing between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and the isolation ratio increases by 6dB for each additional wavelength of the spacing distance, the prior art two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive locations usually requires increasing the spacing between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in order to improve the transmit and receive isolation ratio of the antenna, which results in defects such as large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor maneuverability, and high cost of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive locations; in addition, due to certain limitations on the spatial size of the radar, the transmit and receive isolation ratio of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive locations is still relatively low. The transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention uses a composite isolation cabin to install the transmitting antenna array. Since the composite isolation cabin uses materials with electrical attenuation and magnetic attenuation, the composite isolation cabin has the characteristics of low standing wave and high loss, so that the isolation ratio can be increased by 15dB at the transmitting end, and the isolation ratio can be increased by 15dB at the receiving end, with an overall increase of 30dB, so that the transmit-receive split antenna has a higher transmit-receive isolation ratio under the condition that the size of the transmit-receive split antenna is almost the same as that of the transmit-receive integrated antenna; therefore, the use of the transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention can greatly reduce the volume, weight and cost of the high isolation ratio transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna, and improve its maneuverability; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; furthermore, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray unit gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray units is centrally symmetrical, so that the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or an ellipse, and the beam shape of the antenna array is more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors and improve the performance of the communication or radar system.

[0008] Preferably, the composite isolation cabin is made of carbon-based iron material and has a shape of a groove with side walls perpendicular to the bottom surface.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths.

[0010] The beneficial effect is that by making the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array 1 to 2 radar wave lengths, the total volume of the transmitting and receiving separate antennas is greatly reduced while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmitting and receiving isolation ratio.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design method for a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception locations, comprising: Determine the structural configuration of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3; Setting relevant parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, specifically: setting the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray; Determine the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna according to the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and determine the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna according to the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy; Determine the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and determine the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; Calculating the transverse electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and calculating the longitudinal electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; Determining the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, and calculating the transverse beam width of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, wherein the longitudinal beam width of the transmitting antenna array is equal to the transverse beam width thereof; The transverse electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is calculated according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, and the longitudinal electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is equal to its transverse electrical dimension.

[0012] The beneficial effects are as follows: when the method of the present invention is used to design a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, a composite isolation cabin is used to install the transmitting antenna array, so that the separate transmission and reception antenna has a higher transmission and reception isolation ratio under the condition that the size of the transmitting and receiving antenna is almost the same as that of the transmitting and receiving integrated antenna, which can greatly reduce the volume, weight and cost of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with high isolation ratio and separate transmission and reception, and improve its maneuverability; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmission and narrow reception mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; furthermore, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray unit gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray units is centrally symmetrical, so that the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or an ellipse, and the beam shape of the antenna array is more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors and improve the performance of the communication or radar system.

[0013] Preferably, the calculation expression of the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna is: ; The calculation expression of the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna is: ; In the above formulas, and are the lateral angle measurement accuracy and longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna respectively, and are the lateral beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna respectively.

[0014] The beneficial effects are as follows: the two-dimensional phased array antenna realizes radar scanning through the phase shifter. Since the lateral beam width determines the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the longitudinal beam width determines the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna is approximately 1 / 50 of the lateral beam width, and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1 / 50 of the longitudinal beam width, when designing the two-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna to the lateral beam width calculated by the above expression and setting the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna to the longitudinal beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the lateral angle measurement accuracy and longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the designed two-dimensional phased array antenna meet expectations.

[0015] Preferably, determining the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array comprises: Calculating a reference value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and calculating a reference value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; According to the column number reference value combined with the column number of a sub-array of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest row of subarrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ; According to the row number reference value combined with the row number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of sub-arrays in the longest column of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ; According to the number of sub-arrays in the longest row of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array combined with the Determine the true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, based on the number of sub-arrays of the longest column of the receiving antenna array combined with the Determining a true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; In the above formulas, and They respectively represent a reference value for the number of columns and a reference value for the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: since the reference value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of rows of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression of this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays of the longest row of subarrays of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of columns of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value of the number of columns; similarly, since the reference value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of columns of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression of this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays of the longest column of subarrays of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of rows of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value of the number of rows; thereby ensuring that the lateral beam width and longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna array meet the expected requirements.

[0017] Preferably, the column number reference value calculation expression is: ; The calculation expression of the row number reference value is: .

[0018] Preferably, the calculation expression of the lateral electrical size of the receiving antenna array is: ; The calculation expression of the longitudinal electrical dimension of the receiving antenna array is: ; In the above formulas, and represent the lateral electrical dimensions and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array respectively, represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, and They respectively represent the true value of the number of columns and the true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

[0019] Preferably, the calculation expression of the lateral beam width of the transmitting antenna array is: ; In the formula, represents the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array.

[0020] Preferably, the lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array are The calculation expression is: ; In the formula, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array, It represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 is a stereogram schematically showing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a front view schematically showing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitting and receiving locations according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 1 is a left side view schematically showing a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitting and receiving locations according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a flowchart schematically showing a design method of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive locations according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Embodiment of two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception: like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention comprises: Substrate 1, used for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; The receiving antenna array 2 is composed of a plurality of sub-array units parallel to each other, the lengths of the sub-array units gradually increase from both sides to the middle of the receiving antenna array, and the array plane of the receiving antenna composed of the sub-array units is centrally symmetrical; a sub-array unit includes a plurality of rows of sub-arrays of equal length, and each array element of the sub-array is perpendicular to the substrate; A composite isolation cabin 3, which is arranged at the edge of the substrate and has an opening at the top, is used to install a transmitting antenna array and isolate the signal of the transmitting antenna array from the signal of the receiving antenna array; the height of the opening is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array; A transmitting antenna array 4 is arranged inside the composite isolation cabin, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; The ratio of the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna to the number of array elements of the receiving antenna ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception adopts a DBF wide-transmission and narrow-reception mode.

[0025] In this embodiment, the number of array elements of the receiving antenna and the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna can be adopted as follows: the number of receiving antenna elements is 2048, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 64; the number of receiving antenna elements is 2048, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 2048, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 2048, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 1024, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 64; the number of receiving antenna elements is 1024, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 1024, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 1024, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 64; the number of receiving antenna elements is 512 , the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 512, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 16; the number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 256, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 128, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 128, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 64, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 4; the number of receiving antenna elements is 64, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 32, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1; the number of receiving antenna elements is 16, and the number of transmitting antenna elements is 1.

[0026] In each method, the number of receiving antenna subarrays is equal to the number of transmitting antenna elements, which is 1 times smaller than the traditional antenna with separate transmit and receive locations. At the same time, the receiving antenna is large in size, corresponding to a large number of R components. The power consumption of R components is 10 to 100 times lower than that of T components. Natural cooling can meet the thermal design requirements, making it easy to achieve high-density arrays, and can be widely used in tile phased arrays and ultra-wideband phased array radars. The high-power transmitting devices corresponding to the T components are relatively concentrated, and the power tubes use gallium nitride devices with an operating efficiency of 40% to 60%. At the same time, the devices can withstand high junction temperatures of up to 250°C. Local forced air cooling can meet the system thermal design requirements, greatly reducing the difficulty of air duct design, reducing the additional volume and weight of thermal design, and making it easy to achieve compact high-power phased array antennas with separate transmit and receive locations.

[0027] The composite isolation cabin is made of a material with electrical and magnetic attenuation effects; in this embodiment, the composite isolation cabin is made of carbon-based iron, and in other embodiments, other materials with electrical and magnetic attenuation effects may also be used. In this embodiment, the composite isolation cabin is in the shape of a groove with a side wall perpendicular to the bottom surface, and in other embodiments, it may be in other suitable shapes.

[0028] Since the isolation ratio is related to the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and the isolation ratio increases by 6dB for each additional wavelength of the spacing distance, the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive in the prior art usually needs to increase the distance between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in order to improve the transmit and receive isolation ratio of the antenna, resulting in defects such as large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor maneuverability and high cost of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive. In addition, due to certain limitations on the spatial size of the radar, the transmit and receive isolation ratio of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive is still relatively low. The transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention uses a composite isolation cabin to install the transmitting antenna array. Since the composite isolation cabin uses materials with electrical attenuation and magnetic attenuation, the composite isolation cabin has the characteristics of low standing wave and high loss, so that the isolation ratio can be increased by 15dB at the transmitting end, and the isolation ratio can be increased by 15dB at the receiving end, with an overall increase of 30dB, so that the transmit-receive split antenna has a higher transmit-receive isolation ratio under the condition that the size of the transmit-receive split antenna is almost the same as that of the transmit-receive integrated antenna; therefore, the use of the transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention can greatly reduce the volume, weight and cost of the high isolation ratio transmit-receive split two-dimensional phased array antenna, and improve its maneuverability; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; furthermore, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray unit gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray units is centrally symmetrical, so that the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or an ellipse, and the beam shape of the antenna array is more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors and improve the performance of the communication or radar system.

[0029] In one embodiment, the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths.

[0030] By making the distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array 1 to 2 radar wavelengths, the total volume of the transmitting and receiving separate antennas can be greatly reduced while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmit-receive isolation ratio.

[0031] Embodiment of the design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception: like Figure 4 As shown, the design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention includes: S101, determining a structural configuration of a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception in the above embodiment; The two-dimensional phased array transmitting antenna realizes the two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scanning range can reach 120°, and the vertical phase scanning range can reach more than 95°. The two-dimensional beam rapid jumping can be achieved in a larger coverage airspace, and the use of 3 or 4 two-dimensional phased array transmitting antennas can realize full airspace electronic scanning.

[0032] S102, setting relevant parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, specifically: setting the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray; A single square subarray can have 1, 4, 16, 64 array elements, etc. The radiating elements can be microstrip radiators or horn radiators. Ridge waveguide horn radiators are used for broadband applications.

[0033] The subarray of the receiving antenna is also a square subarray, and the number of array elements of the square subarray is 1, 4, 16 or 64. S103, determining the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna according to the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and determining the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna according to the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy; S104, determining the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, specifically: determining the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and determining the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; After calculating the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array, the number of elements and sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array can be reasonably set by combining the number of elements of the transmitting antenna array and the ratio of the number of elements of the transmitting antenna array to the number of elements of the receiving antenna array. The receiving antenna array is composed of several square sub-arrays, arranged in a circular or elliptical shape. One sub-array can be 4 elements, 16 elements, 64 elements, etc. The radiating elements can be microstrip radiators or horn radiators. Ridge waveguide horn radiators are used for broadband applications.

[0034] The two-dimensional phased array antenna realizes the two-dimensional phased array by changing the phase difference in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Generally, the horizontal phase scanning range can reach 120°, and the vertical phase scanning range can reach more than 95°. It can realize rapid two-dimensional beam jumping in a larger coverage airspace, and has the function of precise measurement of three coordinates such as azimuth, pitch angle and distance. The whole airspace electronic scanning can be realized with 3 or 4 arrays.

[0035] The two-dimensional phased array antenna is phase-scanned in two directions, which can realize two-dimensional electronic scanning single pulse angle measurement, and then realize the two-dimensional electronic scanning three-coordinate radar system. The horizontal beam width determines the angle measurement accuracy along the horizontal direction of the antenna, and the longitudinal beam width determines the angle measurement accuracy along the longitudinal direction of the antenna. Phase scanning single pulse angle measurement is used.

[0036] S105, calculating the transverse electrical size and the longitudinal electrical size of the receiving antenna array, specifically: calculating the transverse electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and calculating the longitudinal electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; S106, determining a transverse beam width and a longitudinal beam width of a transmitting antenna array, specifically: determining the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, and calculating the transverse beam width of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, wherein the longitudinal beam width of the transmitting antenna array is equal to the transverse beam width thereof; S107, determining the transverse electrical dimension and the longitudinal electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array, specifically: calculating the transverse electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, the longitudinal electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array being equal to its transverse electrical dimension.

[0037] When the method of the present invention is used to design a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, a composite isolation cabin is used to install the transmitting antenna array, so that the separate transmission and reception antenna has a higher transmission and reception isolation ratio under the condition that the size of the transmitting and receiving antenna is almost the same as that of the transmitting and receiving integrated antenna, which can greatly reduce the volume, weight and cost of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with high isolation ratio and separate transmission and reception, and improve its maneuverability; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmission and narrow reception mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; furthermore, by setting the receiving antenna array so that the length of the subarray unit gradually increases from both sides to the middle, and the array surface of the receiving antenna composed of the subarray units is centrally symmetrical, so that the array surface of the receiving antenna is close to a circle or an ellipse, and the beam shape of the antenna array is more symmetrical, which helps to reduce signal distortion and errors and improve the performance of the communication or radar system.

[0038] In one embodiment, the lateral beam width calculation expression of the receiving antenna is: ; The calculation expression of the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna is: ; In the above formulas, and are the lateral angle measurement accuracy and longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna respectively, and are the lateral beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna respectively.

[0039] The two-dimensional phased array antenna realizes radar scanning through a phase shifter. Since the lateral beam width determines the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the longitudinal beam width determines the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and the lateral angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna is approximately 1 / 50 of the lateral beam width, and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1 / 50 of the longitudinal beam width, when designing a two-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna to the lateral beam width calculated by the above expression and setting the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna to the longitudinal beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the lateral angle measurement accuracy and longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the designed two-dimensional phased array antenna meet expectations.

[0040] In one embodiment, determining the number of columns and rows of the receive antenna array includes: Calculating a reference value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and calculating a reference value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; According to the column number reference value combined with the column number of a sub-array of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest row of subarrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ; According to the row number reference value combined with the row number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of sub-arrays in the longest column of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ; According to the number of sub-arrays in the longest row of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array combined with the Determine the true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, based on the number of sub-arrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array combined with the The actual value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array is determined.

[0041] For example, assuming that the number of sub-arrays in the longest row of the receiving antenna array is x, then the actual number of columns of the receiving antenna array is ; Assuming that the number of sub-arrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array is y, the actual number of rows of the receiving antenna array is .

[0042] In the above formulas, and They respectively represent a reference value for the number of columns and a reference value for the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

[0043] Since the reference value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of rows of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression of this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays of the longest row of subarrays of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of columns of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value of the number of columns; similarly, since the reference value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array may not be an integer multiple of the number of columns of a subarray of the receiving antenna array, the expression of this embodiment is used to calculate the number of subarrays of the longest column of subarrays of the receiving antenna array, which can ensure that the number of rows of the finally designed receiving antenna array is greater than the reference value of the number of rows; thereby ensuring that the lateral beam width and longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna array meet the expected requirements.

[0044] In one embodiment, the column number reference value calculation expression is: ; The calculation expression of the row number reference value is: .

[0045] In one embodiment, the calculation expression of the lateral electrical size of the receiving antenna array is: ; The calculation expression of the longitudinal electrical dimension of the receiving antenna array is: ; In the above formulas, and represent the lateral electrical dimensions and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array respectively, represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, and They respectively represent the true value of the number of columns and the true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

[0046] In one embodiment, the lateral beam width calculation expression of the transmitting antenna array is: ; In the formula, represents the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array.

[0047] The dimensions of the transmitting antenna depend on the wavelength, the array element spacing, the number of columns and rows of the transmitting antenna array. In one embodiment, the lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array are The calculation expression is: ; In the formula, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array, It represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception.

[0048] In one embodiment, the method further includes: calculating the gain of the transmitting antenna, and the calculation expression is: .

[0049] In the description of this specification, "plurality" or "several" means at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0050] Although this specification has shown and described a number of embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art will conceive of many modifications, changes and alternatives without departing from the ideas and spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that in the practice of the present invention, various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be employed.

Claims

1. A two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, characterized in that: include: A substrate, used for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; The receiving antenna array is composed of a plurality of sub-array units parallel to each other, the lengths of the sub-array units gradually increase from both sides to the middle of the receiving antenna array, and the array plane of the receiving antenna composed of the sub-array units is centrally symmetrical; a sub-array unit includes a plurality of rows of sub-arrays of equal length, and each array element of the sub-array is perpendicular to the substrate; A composite isolation cabin, which is arranged at the edge of the substrate and has an opening at the top, and is used to install a transmitting antenna array and isolate the signal of the transmitting antenna array from the signal of the receiving antenna array; The height of the opening is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths higher than the array surface of the receiving antenna array; A transmitting antenna array is arranged inside the composite isolation cabin, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; The ratio of the number of transmitting antennas to the number of array elements of the receiving antenna ranges from 1 / 2048 to 1 / 16, and the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception adopts a DBF wide-transmission and narrow-reception mode.

2. The two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The composite isolation cabin is made of carbon-based iron and is in the shape of a groove with a side wall perpendicular to the bottom surface.

3. The two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array is 1 to 2 radar wave wavelengths.

4. A design method for a two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, characterized in that: include: Determine the structural configuration of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3; Setting relevant parameters of the two-dimensional phased array antenna, specifically: setting the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, the lateral angle measurement accuracy and the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, wherein the transmitting antenna array is a single square subarray; Determine the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna according to the lateral angle measurement accuracy, and determine the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna according to the longitudinal angle measurement accuracy; Determine the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and determine the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; Calculating the transverse electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, and calculating the longitudinal electrical size of the receiving antenna array according to the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; Determining the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna array, and calculating the transverse beam width of the transmitting antenna array according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, wherein the longitudinal beam width of the transmitting antenna array is equal to the transverse beam width thereof; The transverse electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is calculated according to the number of columns of the transmitting antenna array, and the longitudinal electrical dimension of the transmitting antenna array is equal to its transverse electrical dimension.

5. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the lateral beam width of the receiving antenna is: ； The calculation expression of the longitudinal beam width of the receiving antenna is: ； In the above formulas, and are the lateral angle measurement accuracy and longitudinal angle measurement accuracy of the receiving antenna, and are the lateral beamwidth and longitudinal beamwidth of the receiving antenna respectively.

6. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: Determining the number of columns and rows of the receiving antenna array includes: Calculating a reference value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array according to the transverse beam width, and calculating a reference value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array according to the longitudinal beam width; According to the column number reference value combined with the column number of a sub-array of the receiving antenna array The number of subarrays in the longest row of subarrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ； According to the row number reference value combined with the row number of a subarray of the receiving antenna array The number of sub-arrays in the longest column of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array is calculated using the following expression: ； According to the number of sub-arrays in the longest row of sub-arrays of the receiving antenna array combined with the Determine the true value of the number of columns of the receiving antenna array, based on the number of sub-arrays in the longest column of the receiving antenna array combined with the Determining a true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array; In the above formulas, and They respectively represent a reference value for the number of columns and a reference value for the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

7. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The column number reference value calculation expression is: ； The calculation expression of the row number reference value is: 。 8. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the lateral electrical size of the receiving antenna array is: ； The calculation expression of the longitudinal electrical dimension of the receiving antenna array is: ； In the above formulas, and represent the lateral electrical dimensions and longitudinal electrical dimensions of the receiving antenna array respectively, represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, and They respectively represent the true value of the number of columns and the true value of the number of rows of the receiving antenna array.

9. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the lateral beam width of the transmitting antenna array is: ； In the formula, represents the lateral beamwidth of the transmitting antenna array, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array.

10. The design method of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that: The lateral electrical dimensions of the transmitting antenna array The calculation expression is: ； In the formula, represents the number of columns of the transmit antenna array, It represents the radar wave wavelength of the two-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception.

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