Artificial breeding and storage method of agricultural and forestry pests preying arachnocus undulatus

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial breeding and storage method for predatory spider crabsiella undulata, represented by fall webworms, of agricultural and forestry pests. On the basis of obtaining the theoretical daily maximum predation amount of hyphantria cunea for hyphantria cunea larvae of different ages, martianus dermestoides, tenebrio molitor and bombyx mori are used as alternative preys of the hyphantria cunea, artificial feeding and breeding of the hyphantria cunea are carried out after proper alternative prey body types and feeding conditions are screened, and a low-temperature storage method is provided. A stable research sample source can be provided for large-scale breeding of arachnocactus undulatus, and a solid foundation is laid for deep research on biological characteristics, behavior habits, genetic mechanisms and the like of arachnocactus undulatus; through further research on the storage method, long-term storage and effective utilization of the crabsiella undulata sample can be ensured, and the physiological activity and genetic information of the crabsiella undulata are maintained, so that the crabsiella undulata continues to play a role in future research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an artificial breeding and storage method of a spider, the undulatus elegans, which is a predatory spider for agricultural and forestry pests represented by the gypsy moth. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural and forestry pests refer to various pests that harm the growth of crops and trees. They cause serious economic losses to agricultural and forestry production by feeding on plant tissues, spreading viruses or pathogens, etc. Therefore, the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests is the key to ensuring the safety and sustainable development of agricultural and forestry production. Biological control is an important method for the prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests. It controls the harm of pests by taking advantage of the relationship between organisms, increasing the population of natural enemies or introducing natural enemies. Among them, spiders are important natural enemies of many agricultural and forestry pests such as the American white moth, the green leafhopper, the fall armyworm, and the brown planthopper. They have the characteristics of eating many live insects, large prey volume, excellent reproductive ability, and strong resistance to stress. They have great application potential in biological control. Upadhyay et al. collected 58 related studies published between 1970 and 2017, covering spider biological control cases worldwide, using meta-analysis methods to calculate the effect size (Hedge's d), and through statistical models such as generalized least squares (GLS), it was concluded that spiders effectively controlled agricultural pests in 79% of cases.

[0003] The undulating crab spider ( Xysticus croceus ) is a hunting spider widely distributed throughout the country. It has the characteristics of long life, wide predation range, strong predation ability and strong resistance. It is an important predatory natural enemy of various agricultural and forestry pests represented by the American white moth, and has a high potential for biological control. Under natural conditions, the survival ability of young spiders of the undulating flower crab spider is relatively weak. They face threats such as predation by natural enemies and food shortages, resulting in a low survival rate. Often only less than 20% of individuals can develop into adult spiders. The density is low and the ability to control pests is limited. Therefore, it is of great significance to conduct artificial breeding research on the undulating flower crab spider. Through artificial breeding, natural risks can be avoided, the survival rate of young spiders can be increased, and propagation can be expanded. At the same time, the excellent predation ability of the undulating flower crab spider can be used to further develop new biological control agents, thereby reducing the use of chemical pesticides and protecting the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] At present, the research on the undulating flower crab spider in China is only carried out through identification after field collection, and it is determined as a predatory natural enemy of agricultural and forestry pests. There is no systematic research, and it often relies on field collection, which is limited by various natural factors such as season, weather and geographical location, resulting in uncertainty and instability in the acquisition of research samples. Although some scholars have conducted some research on the life history, biological characteristics and predatory functional response of the saddle flower crab spider of the same genus, there is no standardized process method in artificial breeding. In the existing inventions and research on spiders, fruit flies or houseflies are mostly used for artificial breeding. These two alternative prey are difficult to breed, the cycle is relatively long, the breeding cost is high, and the body shape is single, which causes great inconvenience for the breeding and management of spiders of different ages; and many spiders such as the undulating flower crab spider cannot effectively feed on artificial feed due to the limitations of physiological structure and habits. In addition, due to the incomplete development of the physiological structure of the nymph spider, it is relatively fragile, which leads to the breeding and management of the nymph spider is also a major difficulty in artificial breeding. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a feasible artificial breeding technology for the undulating flower crab spider.

[0005] Breeding a large number of undulating flower crab spiders can provide them with a stable source of research samples, laying a solid foundation for in-depth research on their biological characteristics, behavioral habits, genetic mechanisms, etc.; further research on their storage methods can ensure the long-term preservation and effective utilization of flower crab spider samples, maintain the physiological activity and genetic information of the undulating flower crab spider, and enable it to continue to play a role in future research.

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial breeding and storage method of the natural enemy spider, the undulating flower crab spider, to lay a good foundation for using the natural enemy to carry out biological control.

[0007] The present invention provides a predatory undulatus crab spider ( Xysticus croceus ) is a feeding method and a storage method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Collect the undulating crab spider in the wild by shaking off or observing; S2. Bring the collected spiders back to the room and place them in a spider breeding box, and raise them at a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60%. Overwintering spiders collected from the wild at a temperature below 0℃ need to be placed in a 15±2℃ incubator for 24 hours before being raised; S3. Use of alternative prey for feeding; S4. 5 days after development into adult spiders, place male and female adult spiders in a breeding device in a ratio of 1:1 and allow them to mate. After mating, remove the male spider and keep the female spider. About 3 weeks after mating, the female spider lays eggs and protects them. The eggs hatch 8-14 days after laying eggs; S5. Place the newly hatched spiders in a spider breeding box or centrifuge tube, feed them with alternative prey larvae until they are 5 instar, and then raise them according to the method of S3; Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps: S6. Place the 4-year-old crab spider in a refrigerator at 4±1℃ and maintain the relative humidity at 50±10%. It can be stored for 4-6 months.

[0008] In a specific implementation method, the Holling II disk equation is used to fit data to establish a functional response model of the predation of adult undulating flower crab spiders on gypsy moths of different ages, and the theoretical maximum prey capacity of adult undulating flower crab spiders on 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar gypsy moth larvae is 9.056, 6.674, 5.502 and 2.514, respectively.

[0009] In a specific embodiment, the spider breeding box ( Figure 1A ) is composed of a lower box body and an upper box cover, the bottom surface is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm, and a circular opening with a diameter of 1 cm is opened on the upper box cover, and a metal mesh is buckled at the circular opening position, and the mesh number of the metal mesh is 3000 mesh. In a preferred embodiment, a small piece of wet cotton ball is placed in the spider breeding box or 1 cm thick clean coconut soil is spread and 1 mL of clean water is added, and a small piece of bark is added as a shelter.

[0010] In a specific embodiment, the alternative prey in S3 is mealworm larvae, worm larvae and silkworm larvae. Depending on the age of the spider and the feeding device, alternative prey of different sizes and types are selected.

[0011] In a specific embodiment, the breeding device ( Figure 1B ) consists of a lower box body and an upper box cover, and is a rectangular parallelepiped with a size of 10×10×8 cm. The upper box cover is provided with two circular openings with a diameter of 1 cm, and a metal mesh is buckled at the circular opening position, and the mesh number of the metal mesh is 3000 mesh; the bottom of the lower box body is paved with 3 cm thick coconut soil, and fresh leaves are placed on the coconut soil. In a preferred embodiment, mulberry leaves, poplar leaves and other relatively broad-leaved leaves are used, and they are replaced every 2 days.

[0012] In a specific embodiment, in S5, coconut soil and water or wet cotton balls are added to the spider breeding box or centrifuge tube, and then the young nymphs are placed therein for breeding.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, coconut soil and water are added to a spider breeding box to keep the moisture, and young nymphs are raised separately.

[0014] In a specific implementation manner, the sleep device ( Figure 1C) is composed of a black shell 3-1, a box body 3-2 and a box cover 3-3, the bottom surface is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm, and there is 1 cm thick coconut soil 3-4 in the box body 3-2 and 1 mL of water is added, and the coconut soil is covered with several pieces of bark 3-5, and there are 10 small holes 3-6 with a diameter of 0.1 cm on the box cover 3-3.

[0015] The present invention studies the predation functional response of the undulating flower crab spider to larvae of different ages of the American white moth, and determines that it conforms to the Holling II predation functional response model. When the density of the American white moth larvae is low, the predation amount of the undulating flower crab spider adult spider increases with the increase of prey density. It is calculated that the theoretical maximum predation amount of the undulating flower crab spider adult spider on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar American white moth larvae is 9.056, 6.674, 5.502 and 2.514 heads respectively. A search effect model is further established based on the predation functional response data. With the increase of prey density, the search effect of the undulating flower crab spider adult spider on the American white moth larvae gradually decreases. Through the feeding situation of the undulating flower crab spider of different ages on different alternative prey body shapes, it is determined that the 2-4th instar nymph stage is suitable for feeding with 1 times the body length alternative prey, and the 4th instar and above stage is suitable for feeding with 1.5 times the body length alternative prey. Through the study of the feeding situation of different ages of undulated flower crab spiders on different body sizes and different types of alternative prey, it was found that for alternative prey of 1 times the body length, young nymphs are more inclined to feed on larvae of worms and silkworms, and as the age of the spider increases, the predation tendency on yellow powder beetle larvae gradually increases; for alternative prey of 1.5 times the body length, young nymphs are more inclined to feed on larvae of worms and yellow powder beetles, and as the age of the spider increases, the predation tendency on silkworm larvae gradually increases. Through the study of the survival rate of young nymphs under different feeding conditions, it was found that the best effect was achieved by using spider feeding boxes and wet coconut soil to keep moisture, and raising young nymphs alone. The present invention further studies and provides a low-temperature storage method for undulated flower crab spiders, which increases the management and control means of artificial breeding of spiders, can reduce the breeding speed in the non-production stage, and can regulate the consistency of the release time of natural enemies and prey in biological control in the production and breeding stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1A . Spider insect box.

[0017] Figure 1B .Breeding device.

[0018] Figure 1C .Feeding device.

[0019] Figure 2 . Predatory functional response and searching effect of the undulating crab spider on larvae of different instars of the gypsy moth.

[0020] Figure 3. Size selection of alternative prey by different age groups of the undulating crab spider.

[0021] Figure 4 . The selection of alternative prey of different sizes and types by the undulating flower crab spider of different ages.

[0022] Figure 5 . Breeding conditions for young juvenile spiders of the undulating flower crab spider.

[0023] Figure 6 . The undulating flower crab spider feeds on the larvae of the yellow powder beetle.

[0024] Figure 7 . Egg-guarding behavior of the undulating flower crab spider.

[0025] Figure 8 . 2nd instar nymph of the undulating flower crab spider.

[0026] Fig. 9 . Nymphs of the undulating flower crab spider prey on nymphalid moth larvae.

[0027] Fig.10 .Adult male and female wavy flower crab spiders. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] A predatory crab spider ( Xysticus croceus ) is a feeding method and a storage method, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Collect the undulating crab spider in the wild by shaking off or observing; S2. Bring the collected spiders back to the room and place them in a spider breeding box, and raise them at a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60%. Overwintering spiders collected from the wild at a temperature below 0℃ need to be placed in a 15±2℃ incubator for 24 hours before being raised; S3. Use of alternative prey for feeding; S4. 5 days after development into adult spiders, place male and female adult spiders in a breeding device in a 1:1 ratio and let them mate. After mating, remove the male spider and keep the female spider. About 3 weeks after mating, the female spider lays eggs and protects them. The eggs hatch 8-14 days after laying eggs. S5. Place the newly hatched spiders in a spider breeding box or centrifuge tube, feed them with alternative prey larvae until they are 5 instar, and then raise them according to the method of S3; Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps: S6. Place the 4-year-old crab spider in a refrigerator at 4±1℃ and maintain the relative humidity at 50±10%. It can be stored for 4-6 months.

[0029] From June to September, the shaking-off method is used to collect spiders from mulberry trees, elm trees and other trees. The specific operation is: lay a piece of white gauze (or gauze, plastic cloth) with an area of ​​1 square meter (m²) flat on the ground below the side branches of the target tree, and shake the branches slightly to produce vibrations, so that the undulating flower crab spiders will fall from the branches and leaves to the gauze, or slowly descend using hanging silk. The collected spiders are placed in a pre-prepared centrifuge tube, and the tube mouth is plugged with absorbent cotton to be taken back. From November to March of the following year, targeted searches and collection can be carried out in wintering places such as under the bark of the roots of trees, in dead fallen objects and in the cracks of stones.

[0030] Bring the collected spiders back to the room and place them in the spider breeding box ( Figure 1A ) in a separate enclosure. The spider breeding box consists of a lower box body 1-1 and an upper box cover 1-2, the bottom surface of which is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm. The upper box cover 1-2 is provided with a circular opening with a diameter of 1 cm, and a metal mesh 1-3 is buckled at the circular opening position, and the mesh number of the metal mesh 1-3 is 3000 meshes.

[0031] Place a small piece of wet cotton ball or 1 cm thick clean coconut soil in the breeding box and add 1 mL of clean water, and add a small piece of bark as a shelter. Raise the spiders at a temperature of 25 ± 2 ° C and a humidity of 60%. For wintering spiders collected in the wild when the temperature is below 0 ° C, first place them in a 15 ± 2 ° C incubator to warm them up, and then transfer them to a 25 ± 2 ° C environment for breeding.

[0032] The physiological structure and hunting habits of the undulating flower crab spider lead to great obstacles in feeding it with artificial feed. The chelicerae of the undulating flower crab spider are not well developed compared with the tube nest spider and wolf spider, and both the young spider and the adult spider prefer live insects. The artificial feed is static and the spider does not eat it. Therefore, live insects are used as substitute prey, including yellow mealworm larvae, foreign worm larvae and silkworm larvae. The breeding and management of yellow mealworms and foreign worms are simple, the reproduction volume is large, the cost is low, and the larvae of multiple ages coexist in the same period, and larvae of different sizes can be obtained at any time; silkworms develop quickly, and the silkworm eggs can be stored in the refrigerator, which can be hatched and fed to spiders at any time. Spiders also prefer to eat silkworm larvae. Therefore, foreign worms, yellow mealworms and silkworms are used as substitute prey, which is simple to operate, low in cost and effective. To ensure the feeding effect, it is necessary to select substitute prey of the corresponding age for feeding according to the different ages of the spiders, and the size of the substitute prey should be controlled between 1 and 2 times the body length of the spider. If the substitute prey is too small, the spider will be unwilling to eat it, and the amount of substitute prey fed will need to be increased, increasing the workload; if it is too large, the spider will not dare to eat it or it may cause harm to the spider.

[0033] Female undulae crab spiders have a pre-oviposition period, so they need to wait a few days after the last molt before mating. After the male spider develops into an adult spider, its body color changes greatly, and the color of its forelimbs turns black. Select one male and one female spider that have developed into an adult spider for more than 7 days and transfer them to the breeding device ( Figure 1B ) to mate. The fresh leaves in the breeding device are mulberry leaves, poplar leaves and other broad-leaved leaves so that the female spider can build an egg chamber, and they are replaced every 2 days. Figure 1B ) consists of a lower box body 2-1 and an upper box cover 2-2, and is a rectangular parallelepiped with a size of 10×10×8 cm. The upper box cover 2-2 is provided with two circular openings with a diameter of 1 cm, and a metal mesh 2-3 is buckled at the circular opening position, and the mesh number of the metal mesh 2-3 is 3000 meshes.

[0034] Before laying eggs, the female spider first builds an egg chamber. If it is built on a leaf, spider silk is used to glue the edges of the leaf together to form a cylindrical or conical egg chamber; if there is no leaf, the egg chamber is built at the junction of the top cover and the side of the box. Egg laying usually occurs at night. The female spider first spins silk to weave a mat-like structure, and then lays eggs on this mat. The egg mass is piled up. After laying eggs, the female spider will spin silk again to weave an upper mat to completely cover the egg mass. The upper and lower mats together form an egg bag to protect the egg mass from interference from the external environment. The average number of eggs laid is 124.1 (n=5), with a minimum of 68 and a maximum of 162. There are messy spider silks around the egg bag. The female spider lies on the egg bag to guard it and wait for the young spiders to hatch. No feeding is required during this period. When placed at a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60%, young spiders hatch and crawl out after 8-14 days, and the average hatching rate is 94.19% (n=5).

[0035] At the 1st instar stage, the growth and development of the spiderlings completely depends on the nutrients stored in the eggs, and no external foraging activities are required. After entering the 2nd instar stage, the spiderlings drill out of the egg sac and disperse naturally with the help of gossamer. The 3rd instar spiderlings show the habit of cannibalism, so after the spiders crawl out of the egg sacs, they are collected and raised separately in spider breeding boxes or centrifuge tubes. Since young spiderlings are fragile, they cannot be directly brushed with a brush. Feathers or paper strips should be used to pick up the spiderlings from the bottom for collection, and then put them in spider breeding boxes or centrifuge tubes, moisturize them with coconut soil and water or wet cotton balls, and raise them separately. Before the spiderlings are 3 years old, maintain a high humidity in the breeding environment at 70% ± 10%, and avoid condensation that interferes with the activities of the spiderlings. The 2-4th instar spiders of the undulating flower crab spider are at the highest risk of death and require careful management. The predation ability and stress resistance of spiderlings above 4 years old are significantly improved, and more than 95% can successfully develop into adult spiders under artificial breeding conditions.

[0036] The undulating flower crab spider will show the characteristics of dormancy in low temperature environment. The survival rate of 1-4-year-old nymphs is extremely low under low temperature conditions. Therefore, 5-year-old nymphs and adult spiders are selected for storage to induce dormancy. First, the spiders to be stored are fed with yellow powder beetle larvae that match their growth stage until they are full, and then they are transferred to the dormancy device ( Figure 1C ), placed in a 15°C incubator for 1 day and then transferred to a 4°C refrigerator. After 1 day of low temperature induction, the spiders enter a dormant state. The dormant survival rate of spiders varies with their age, but generally speaking, this method can be used to store spiders for about 4-6 months. Figure 1C ) is composed of a black shell 3-1, a box body 3-2 and a box cover 3-3, the bottom surface is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm, and there is 1 cm thick coconut soil 3-4 in the box body 3-2 and 1 mL of water is added, and the coconut soil is covered with several pieces of bark 3-5, and there are 10 small holes 3-6 with a diameter of 0.1 cm on the box cover 3-3.

[0037] The breeding method and storage method of the undulant flower crab spider provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Example 1

[0038] This example is to study the functional response of the undulant flower crab spider to the gypsy moth. The gypsy moth larvae of different ages and different density gradients were placed in the spider breeding box. The experimental settings and statistical results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Predation density settings of different ages of the gypsy moth and the average daily prey intake of the undulating crab spider

[0039] Then, an adult 24-hour starved spider was placed in the feeding box. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The spider breeding box was placed at a temperature of 25±1℃ and a humidity of 60%±10%. After 24 hours, the number of nymphalids preyed on was counted. The HollingⅡ type disk equation Na=aNT / (1+aT h N) is used to fit the experimental data. In this equation, a represents the instantaneous attack rate of the cricket, which reflects the predator's ability to attack its prey; T h represents the processing time, i.e., the time required for the undulating flower crab spider to prey on a nymphalidae larva; Na represents the daily prey intake of the undulating flower crab spider per unit time; N represents the prey density; T represents the test time, which is 1 day in this embodiment. By fitting the experimental data, we obtained the functional response equation of the undulating flower crab spider's predation on nymphalidae larvae of different ages, and calculated the theoretical maximum prey intake and search effect of the undulating flower crab spider. The search effect equation is S=a / (1+aT h N), the results are shown in Table 2: Table 2 Functional response parameters of adult Aglajidae to prey of larvae of different ages of Hyphanthus cuneiformis

[0040] The results showed that the amount of prey (Na) of adult spiders of the undulating flower crab spider on the larvae of the American moth increased with the increase of prey density (N), and decreased with the increase of the age of the American moth. The theoretical maximum prey amount of adult spiders of the undulating flower crab spider on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar American moth larvae was 9.056, 6.674, 5.502 and 2.514 heads, respectively. In order to verify the accuracy of the fitting equation, the results were subjected to the chi-square test. The test results showed that the χ 2 Both are less than χ (0.05，42) =9.49, and the corresponding p-values ​​were all greater than 0.992, which was greater than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the predatory functional response of adult spiders of the undulating flower crab spider to the larvae of the American moth conforms to the Holling II type disk equation.

[0041] When the density of gypsy moth larvae is low, the prey intake of adult spiders increases with the increase of prey density; however, when the prey density reaches a certain level, due to the limitation of the processing capacity or satiation of adult spiders, the prey intake of adult spiders tends to be stable and no longer increases significantly with the further increase of prey density. Figure 2 It can be seen intuitively that as the prey density increases, the search effect of adult undulant flower crab spiders on hyphal moth larvae gradually decreases. These research results provide theoretical support for alternative prey feeding in spider breeding.

[0042] Example 2 This example is about the screening of alternative prey for the undulating flower crab spider. Through field collection and purchase, 10 kinds of native prey and alternative prey of the undulating flower crab spider were obtained, the undulating flower crab spider was continuously fed with the native prey and the alternative prey, and the 10 kinds of prey were artificially cultivated. The experimental results are shown in Table 3: Table 3 Screening of alternative prey for the undulant flower crab spider

[0043] The results show that aphids, green leafhoppers and leaf beetles need fresh and tender branches and leaves as food. Under artificial breeding conditions, the timely supply of fresh and tender branches and leaves cannot be guaranteed or the cost of fresh and tender branches and leaves is too high, and the output cannot be stable. During the feeding operation, the body wall of aphids is fragile and difficult to separate from the branches and leaves, and the green leafhoppers have strong mobility, so it is difficult to feed them in separate boxes. It is difficult to breed and manage the larvae of pterygium and housefly, and the larvae cannot feed spiders. Only adults can be fed as prey. During the breeding process, fruit flies are easily contaminated by genes of normal fruit flies in the environment, and a large number of winged fruit flies will appear in the offspring, which can fly like houseflies, and it is difficult to feed them in separate boxes. It is difficult to manage the artificial breeding of the American white moth, with high environmental requirements and complex operations. At the same time, it can only be collected in the wild and cannot be stably produced. Silkworms can be purchased at any time and at a low cost. At the same time, they are native prey. The eggs can be stored in a cold storage, hatched as needed, and grow fast, making them ideal prey. In nature, the larvae of yellow powder beetles and white worms mostly live underground, while the undulating flower crab spider is a tree-dwelling spider, not its native prey. It can also be purchased, with a stable insect source and low cost. Artificial breeding is simple, and larvae of different ages and sizes can coexist at the same time, which is convenient for feeding spiders of different ages and easy to operate. The body is rich in nutrients, spiders can molt and develop normally, and the feeding effect is good, making them ideal alternative prey. Therefore, silkworm larvae, yellow powder beetle larvae and white worm larvae were selected as alternative prey.

[0044] Example 3 This embodiment studies the body size selection of alternative prey by the undulating flower crab spider. The specific experimental method is as follows: Place one yellow powder beetle larvae of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 times the spider's body length in a spider breeding box, and then place juvenile and adult undulating flower crab spiders of different ages that have been starved for 24 hours, with 20 replicates per group. Place the spider breeding box at a temperature of 25±1°C and a humidity of 60%±10%, and record and count the body sizes of the yellow powder beetle larvae that the undulating flower crab spiders of each age first eat. The test results are shown in the figure. Figure 3 shown.

[0045] The results showed that in the early nymph stage, spiders prefer to feed on prey that is 0.5-1.5 times their body length, and after the spiders develop to the 4th instar, they prefer to prey that is 1-2 times their body length. Therefore, in the 2-4th instar nymph stage, 1-times body length replacement prey is used for feeding, and in the 4th instar and above stage, 1.5-times body length replacement prey is used for feeding.

[0046] Example 4 This embodiment studies the selection of alternative prey species by the undulating flower crab spider. 2 The specific experimental method is as follows: In a spider breeding box, put 2 larvae of the white worm, 2 larvae of the yellow powder beetle and 2 larvae of the silkworm, which are 1 times the body length of the spider; because the white worm is smaller in size, the body length of its mature larvae is smaller than that of 7-year-old nymphs and adult spiders, so put 3 larvae of the yellow powder beetle and 3 larvae of the silkworm. Then put the nymphs and adult spiders of different ages of the undulating flower crab spider after starvation treatment for 24 hours, with 20 replicates in each group. Place the spider breeding box at a temperature of 25±1℃ and a humidity of 60%±10%, and record and count the alternative prey species that the undulating flower crab spider of each age eats first. The experimental results are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in a.

[0047] The results showed that young nymphs were more inclined to feed on larvae of worms and silkworms, and as the age of the spiders increased, their tendency to prey on yellow powder beetle larvae gradually increased. The reason is that the forelimbs and chelicerae of young nymphs are not fully developed, and their predation ability is poor. The body walls of young worm larvae and silkworm larvae are thin, which can be more easily pierced by the chelicerae of the nymphs for feeding; as the nymphs develop, their predation ability gradually increases, and they can more easily pierce the cuticle of yellow powder beetle larvae, so their tendency to prey on yellow powder beetle larvae gradually increases.

[0048] Example 5 This embodiment studies the selection of alternative prey species by the undulating flower crab spider. The specific experimental method is as follows: In a spider breeding box, put 2 larvae of the white worm, 2 larvae of the yellow powder beetle and 2 larvae of the silkworm, which are 1.5 times the body length of the spider respectively; because the white worm is relatively small, the body length of its mature larvae is less than 1.5 times that of the 6th and 7th instar spider nymphs and adult spiders, so put 3 larvae of the yellow powder beetle and 3 larvae of the silkworm. Then put the nymphs and adult spiders of different ages of the undulating flower crab spider after starvation treatment for 24 hours, with 20 replicates in each group. Place the spider breeding box at a temperature of 25±1℃ and a humidity of 60%±10%, and record and count the alternative prey species that the undulating flower crab spider of each age eats first. The experimental results are shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown in b.

[0049] The results showed that young nymphs were more inclined to feed on larvae of worms and yellow powder beetles, and as the age of the spiders increased, their tendency to prey on silkworm larvae gradually increased. The reason is that young nymphs feed by biting the head or tail of their prey and injecting venom to suck the prey. The larvae of worms and yellow powder beetles, which are 1.5 times longer than the larvae of silkworms, are thinner in body shape, so nymphs can bite the head or tail of worms and yellow powder beetles more easily. As the nymphs develop, their forelimbs and chelicerae gradually develop, which can restrict the movement of prey, and bite the prey in the middle of the prey to suck the prey. The body wall of silkworm larvae is thinner, making it easier to feed, so their tendency to prey on silkworm larvae gradually increases.

[0050] Example 6 This embodiment is a study on the breeding management of young nymphs of the undulant flower crab spider.

[0051] Treatment 1: Place the 2nd-instar spider that has emerged from the egg sac in a spider breeding box, add 1 cm of coconut soil to the bottom of the box, inject 1 mL of clean water, and place a small tuft of moss (such as Figure 5 (a). The spider density is 1 spider / box. Two silkworm larvae 1.5 times the spider body length are added every 2 days. Before the next feeding, the food residues are cleaned to prevent mold. 1 mL of clean water is injected every 5 days.

[0052] Treatment 2: Place the 2nd-instar spider that emerged from the egg sac in a spider breeding box, add 1 cm of coconut soil to the bottom of the box, inject 1 mL of clean water, and place a small tuft of moss (such as Figure 5 (a). The spider density is 5 heads / box. Every 2 days, 10 silkworm larvae with a length of 1.5 times the spider body length are added. Before the next feeding, the food residues from the previous feeding are cleaned to prevent mold. Every 5 days, 1 mL of clean water is injected.

[0053] Treatment 3: Place the 2nd-instar spider that has emerged from the egg sac in a spider breeding box and add a small piece of wet cotton ball ( Figure 5 -b). The spider density is 1 spider / box. Add 2 yellow powder beetle larvae or foreign worm larvae that are 1.5 times the spider's body length every 2 days. Clean the food residue before the next feeding to avoid mold, and replace the wet cotton ball at the same time.

[0054] Treatment 4: Place the 2nd-instar spider that has emerged from the egg sac in a spider breeding box and add a small piece of wet cotton ball ( Figure 5 -b). The spider density is 5 heads / box. Every 2 days, add 10 yellow powder beetle larvae or foreign worm larvae that are 1.5 times the body length of the spider. Before the next feeding, clean up the food residue from the previous time to avoid mold, and replace the wet cotton ball at the same time.

[0055] Treatment 5: Place the 2nd instar nymphs that have emerged from the egg sac into a 10 mL centrifuge tube, plug the tube mouth with absorbent cotton, add 2 cm of coconut soil to the bottom of the tube, and inject 0.5 mL of water ( Figure 5 c). The spider density is 1 spider / tube. Two silkworm larvae 1.5 times the spider body length are added every 2 days. Before the next feeding, the food residues are cleaned to prevent mold. 0.5 mL of clean water is injected every 5 days.

[0056] Treatment 6: Place the 2nd instar nymphs that have emerged from the egg sac into a 10 mL centrifuge tube, plug the tube mouth with absorbent cotton, and add a small piece of wet cotton ball ( Figure 5 d). The spider density is 1 spider / tube. Add 2 yellow powder beetle larvae or foreign worm larvae that are 1.5 times the spider's body length every 2 days. Clean the food residue before the next feeding to avoid mold and replace the wet cotton ball.

[0057] Table 4 Survival rate of nymphs of the undulating flower crab spider under different rearing conditions

[0058] The results are shown in Table 4. The survival rate of the spiders raised in a spider breeding box and raised separately using wet coconut soil for moisture retention is the highest. The 2nd-year-old spiders have the habit of killing each other, so the method of raising them separately is adopted. In the specific implementation, the use of coconut soil for moisture retention is good, but the larvae of yellow powder beetles and foreign worms will drill into the soil, so it is necessary to use silkworm larvae for feeding; using wet cotton balls for moisture retention, the environmental interference is small, the spider can search for prey quickly, and it is convenient to clean up food residues at the same time, but the wet cotton balls dry quickly, the operation is complicated, and the operation is careless and easy to have water drops dripping, affecting the activity of the spiders, which may cause the death of the spiders; the centrifuge tube is difficult to operate and is not easy to clean up food residues. Therefore, it is preferred to use spider breeding boxes and wet coconut soil for moisture retention, and the best effect is achieved by raising young spiders separately.

[0059] Example 7 This example is a study on the storage conditions of the undulant flower crab spider. The 5-year-old and older spiders and adult spiders were selected for storage. The spiders to be stored were fed with yellow powder beetles until they were full and placed in a dormancy device ( Figure 1C ). Place the dormancy device containing the spider in a 15°C incubator, place it for 1 day, and then transfer it to a 4°C refrigerator. After 1 day, the spider begins to enter a dormant state. After the spider enters a dormant state, it can continue to be stored in a 4°C refrigerator, and regularly check the humidity in the box to ensure that the humidity condition is 50%±10%.

[0060] The dormancy rate can reach over 95% by following this method. During storage, check the spiders regularly to make sure they are dormant and not disturbed. If you find signs of spiders waking up or the storage environment has changed, adjust the storage conditions in time. Generally speaking, spiders can be stored for about 4-6 months using this method.

Claims

1. A predatory crab spider ( Xysticus croceus ) a breeding method and a storage method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Bring the collected undulant flower crab spiders back to the room and place them in a spider breeding box at a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 60%; S2. Using one, two or three of the following as alternative prey for feeding: worms, yellow powder beetles and silkworms; S3. After developing into adult spiders, place male and female adult spiders in a breeding device in a ratio (e.g., 1:1) and allow them to mate. After mating, remove the male spider and keep the female spider. After mating, the female spider lays eggs and protects the eggs. The eggs hatch 8-14 days after laying eggs. S4. Place the newly hatched spiders in a spider breeding box or centrifuge tube, feed them with larvae as substitute prey until they are 5 instar, and then raise them according to the method of S2; Furthermore, the method further comprises the following steps: S5. Place the 4-year-old crab spiders raised using the above method in a refrigerator at 4±1℃ and maintain a relative humidity of 50±10% for 4-6 months.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the undulatus crab spiders are collected in the wild by the shaking-off method or the observation method. If the temperature in the wild is below 0°C, the collected overwintering spiders need to be placed in a 15±2°C incubator for 24 hours to warm up before being raised.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spider breeding box in S1 is composed of a lower box body (1-1) and an upper box cover (1-2), the bottom surface of which is circular with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm. The upper box cover (1-2) is provided with a circular opening with a diameter of 1 cm, and a metal mesh (1-3) is buckled at the position of the circular opening, and the mesh number of the metal mesh (1-3) is 3000 meshes; Preferably, a small piece of wet cotton ball is placed in the spider breeding box, or 1 cm thick clean coconut soil is spread and 1 mL of clean water is added, and a small piece of bark is added as a shelter.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, alternative prey of different sizes and types are selected according to the age of the spider and the feeding device.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding device in S3 is composed of a lower box body (2-1) and an upper box cover (2-2), and is a rectangular parallelepiped with a size of 10×10×8 cm. The upper box cover (2-2) is provided with two circular openings with a diameter of 1 cm, and a metal mesh (2-3) is buckled at the position of the circular openings, and the mesh number of the metal mesh (2-3) is 3000 meshes; the bottom of the lower box body is paved with 3 cm thick coconut soil (2-4), and fresh leaves (2-5) are placed on the coconut soil; Preferably, use leaves of broader leaves such as mulberry leaves and poplar leaves, and replace them every 2 days.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the S4, coconut soil and water or wet cotton balls are added to the spider breeding box or centrifuge tube, and young nymphs are placed therein for breeding.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the S4, coconut soil and water are added to a spider breeding box to keep the moisture, and young nymphs are raised separately.

8. The technology according to claim 1, characterized in that When placed in the refrigerator in S5, the device is placed in a dormant device and then placed in the refrigerator; Preferably, the box body (3-1) is black, and is composed of a box body (3-2) and a box cover (3-3). The bottom surface is a circle with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm. The box body (3-2) contains 1 cm thick coconut soil (3-4) and 1 mL of water. The coconut soil is covered with several pieces of bark (3-5). The box cover (3-3) is provided with 10 small holes (3-6) with a diameter of 0.1 cm.

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