Collection method and application of tomato leaf miner pupae

Abstract

The invention provides a tomato leaf miner pupa collection method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pest pupa collection. The invention finds that the tomato leaf miner has preference to absorbent cotton when pupating, and larvae of the tomato leaf miner can enter the absorbent cotton to pupate. Based on the preference of the tomato leaf miner to absorbent cotton when the tomato leaf miner pupates, the invention further provides a collection method of the tomato leaf miner pupas, the method is high in collection speed, the number of the collected pupas is large, the labor and the time are greatly saved, and the used materials are low in price and easy to obtain. The invention further provides a laboratory feeding method of the tomato leaf miner, and the collection rate of pupae of the tomato leaf miner during laboratory feeding is guaranteed. The invention further provides a field control method for the tomato leaf miners, pupae of the tomato leaf miners are removed, then the population number of the next generation of the tomato leaf miners is greatly reduced, and the good field control effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of collecting pest pupae, and in particular relates to a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a member of the Lepidoptera order and the family Meyrickidae, is also known as the tomato leafminer, tomato wheatminer, and South American tomato leafminer. It is a worldwide invasive pest originating in South America that is devastating to the tomato industry. It can usually cause a 20-30% reduction in tomato production, and in severe cases, it can cause a 50-100% reduction in tomato production, seriously threatening the healthy production of the tomato industry. There are four instars of tomato leafminer larvae. The newly hatched larvae are white, turn green as they feed on leaves, and turn light pink after feeding on mature fruits. The mature larvae become lighter in color before pupation, with a body length of about 10-12 mm and a distinct pink color on the back of the body. When the larvae of the tomato leafminer mature, they will spin silk and droop, and then pupate in the soil 1-2 cm deep. Some will pupate in the burrows or in the folds on the surface of the leaves, and usually form a thin layer of silk cocoons. Some individuals will also choose to pupate in the fruit, and the pupation location is scattered and hidden.

[0003] Indoor population breeding is an important basis for research in pest laboratories and is critical for ensuring sufficient insect sources. At present, the artificial breeding of tomato leafminers is not yet mature. When studying this insect at home and abroad, live tomato plants are basically used for population breeding. However, due to the scattered and hidden pupation locations of the insect, it takes a lot of time and energy to find and collect pupae. Even so, there will be a considerable number of pupae that cannot be found in time because of the hidden pupation locations, which affects the subsequent collection of adults and the effective pairing of male and female insects, affecting the conduct of some biological experiments. Therefore, the development of a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae in a simple and fast manner is crucial for the population breeding, expansion and propagation, biological research, and even the prevention and control of tomato leafminers. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of absorbent cotton in the collection of tomato leafminer pupae. It is found that tomato leafminer has a preference for absorbent cotton when pupating. Tomato leafminer larvae will enter the absorbent cotton to pupate on their own, thereby efficiently collecting tomato leafminer pupae using absorbent cotton.

[0005] The present invention also aims to provide a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae, and further use the method for laboratory breeding and field control of tomato leafminer. The method is simple, fast, low in cost and significant in effect.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides an application of absorbent cotton in collecting tomato leafminer pupae. The absorbent cotton is placed in a space where tomato leafminer larvae are located. After the tomato leafminer larvae enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, the tomato leafminer pupae are collected by using the absorbent cotton.

[0008] The present invention also provides a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae, comprising the following steps: placing absorbent cotton at the root of a plant where tomato leafminer occurs, collecting the tomato leafminer pupae after the tomato leafminer larvae enter the absorbent cotton to pupate.

[0009] Preferably, the absorbent cotton is placed during the larval stage of the tomato leafminer.

[0010] Preferably, the plants include potted tomato plants and field tomato plants.

[0011] The present invention also provides application of the method in laboratory breeding of tomato leafminers or field control of tomato leafminers.

[0012] The present invention also provides a laboratory breeding method for tomato leafminers, comprising the following steps: during the breeding period of the tomato leafminers, the tomato leafminer pupae are collected by adopting the above-mentioned collection method.

[0013] The present invention also provides a field control method for tomato leafminer, comprising the following steps: placing absorbent cotton at the roots of tomato plants in the field, after the larvae of the tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton to pupate, collecting and destroying the absorbent cotton containing the pupae of the tomato leafminer.

[0014] Preferably, the absorbent cotton is placed on tomatoes after tomato leaf miner occurs.

[0015] Preferably, the destruction method comprises: taking the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae out of the field for trampling or burning.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of the absorbent cotton used is 10 to 20 kg / mu.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention has found that tomato leafminers have a preference for absorbent cotton when pupating, that is, the advanced larvae of tomato leafminers prefer to enter absorbent cotton for pupation. Based on this, the present invention provides a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae, by making an absorbent cotton "greenhouse" for the advanced larvae of tomato leafminers to pupate, so that the tomato leafminers pupate in a relatively concentrated device (absorbent cotton), and then the tomato leafminer pupae can be quickly collected, eliminating the process of manually searching for pupae, and the collection speed is fast, the number of pupae collected is large, and labor and time are greatly saved. In addition, the material used (absorbent cotton) is low in price and easy to obtain.

[0019] The present invention further applies the method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae to the population breeding and experimental research of tomato leafminer in the laboratory, eliminating the process of manually searching for pupae and ensuring the collection of adults and effective pairing of males and females. The present invention also applies the above-mentioned collection method to the field prevention and control of tomato leafminer. By centrally collecting and destroying the pupae of tomato leafminer, the population of the next generation of tomato leafminer can be greatly reduced, achieving good field prevention effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 : Pupation preference choice experimental setup;

[0021] Figure 2 : Tomato leafminer pupae in cotton wool;

[0022] Figure 3 : Tomato leafminer pupa on leaves;

[0023] Figure 4 :Difference analysis of the emergence rate of tomato leafminer pupae on cotton wool and leaves;

[0024] Figure 5 : Experimental setup for pupation selection based on cotton wool placement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention finds that tomato leafminers have a preference for absorbent cotton when they pupate, that is, the older larvae of tomato leafminers prefer to enter absorbent cotton to pupate. Based on this, the present invention provides an application of absorbent cotton in collecting tomato leafminer pupae: absorbent cotton is placed in the space where the tomato leafminer larvae are located, and the tomato leafminer larvae will enter the absorbent cotton to pupate on their own, and the tomato leafminer pupae can be efficiently collected by collecting the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae.

[0026] The present invention also provides a method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae, comprising the following steps: placing absorbent cotton at the root of a plant where tomato leafminer occurs, collecting tomato leafminer pupae after the larvae of the tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton and pupate. The absorbent cotton is placed during the larval stage of the tomato leafminer, and the plants include potted tomato plants and field tomato plants. The present invention places absorbent cotton at the root of the plant, combines the preference of the tomato leafminer for absorbent cotton when pupating with the characteristic of the tomato leafminer preferring to migrate downward when pupating, and can significantly improve the collection rate of tomato leafminer pupae, the collection rate reaching 85%, and the method is simple, fast, low-cost, and the collection process does not affect the growth of the tomato plant. The absorbent cotton of the present invention can be selected as strip absorbent cotton, block absorbent cotton, sheet absorbent cotton or irregular shape absorbent cotton, and the present invention does not limit the shape of the absorbent cotton.

[0027] The present invention also provides application of the method in laboratory breeding of tomato leafminers or field control of tomato leafminers.

[0028] The present invention provides a laboratory rearing method for a tomato leafminer population, comprising the following steps: during the rearing of the tomato leafminer, the tomato leafminer pupae are collected by the above-mentioned collection method. As an optional embodiment, the rearing of the tomato leafminer described in the present invention is carried out by using a living tomato plant. The present invention does not specifically limit the laboratory rearing parameters and management methods of the tomato leafminer on the tomato plant. During the rearing period, the present invention utilizes the preference of the tomato leafminer for absorbent cotton when it pupates, places the absorbent cotton in the space where the tomato leafminer larvae are located, waits for the tomato leafminer larvae to enter the absorbent cotton to pupate, and collects the tomato leafminer pupae by using the absorbent cotton, thereby eliminating the process of manually searching for pupae, ensuring the collection of adults and the effective pairing of males and females, and effectively promoting the development of experimental research. The absorbent cotton described in the present invention can be selected as strip absorbent cotton, block absorbent cotton, sheet absorbent cotton or irregular shape absorbent cotton, and the present invention does not limit the shape of the absorbent cotton.

[0029] The present invention also provides a field control method for tomato leafminers, comprising the following steps: placing absorbent cotton at the root of tomato plants in the field, and destroying the absorbent cotton containing tomato leafminer pupae after the tomato leafminer larvae enter the absorbent cotton to pupate. The tomato leafminer pest can occur in the entire growth period of tomatoes, including the seedling stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage and other stages. The absorbent cotton of the present invention is placed after the tomato leafminer occurs on the tomato, and can be used in the entire growth period of the tomato. The tomato leafminer pupae are continuously collected during the entire growth period of the tomato, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the tomato leafminer, and the placement of the absorbent cotton of the present invention will not affect the normal growth and development of the tomato. The method of destruction of the present invention comprises: taking the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae out of the field for trampling or burning, and the method is simple and convenient. The amount of the absorbent cotton of the present invention is 10-20 kg / mu, preferably 12-15 kg / mu. The absorbent cotton of the present invention can be selected as strip absorbent cotton, block absorbent cotton, sheet absorbent cotton or irregular shape absorbent cotton, and the present invention does not limit the shape of the absorbent cotton. The present invention can adjust the amount of absorbent cotton according to the severity of the occurrence of tomato leafminer pests.

[0030] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the specific embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent cotton was purchased from Cao County Hualu Sanitary Materials Co., Ltd.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the tomato leaf miner population used was collected in Kunming, Yunnan in 2020, and was raised indoors on "Zhongza No. 9" tomato plants for a long time without contact with any pesticides during the breeding period.

[0033] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all of them are conventional methods.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae: in the larval stage of the tomato leafminer, absorbent cotton (strip-shaped, 10 cm long×4 cm wide×1.5 cm high) is placed at the root of a potted tomato plant where the tomato leafminer occurs, and after the tomato leafminer larvae enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, the absorbent cotton is collected to obtain the tomato leafminer pupae.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae: During the larval stage of tomato leafminer, absorbent cotton (in block form, 60 to 100 cm per plant) is placed on each plant. 3 ) is placed at the roots of tomato plants in the field where tomato leafminers occur. After the larvae of the tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, the absorbent cotton is collected to obtain the tomato leafminer pupae.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A method for controlling tomato leafminers in the field: During the tomato seedling stage (after tomato leafminers occur in the tomato field), place absorbent cotton (in block shape, 60 to 80 cm per plant) 3 , a total of 10kg / mu) was placed at the roots of tomato plants in the field. After the tomato leafminer larvae entered the absorbent cotton and pupated, the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae was taken out of the field and trampled.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A field control method for tomato leafminers: during the tomato flowering period (after tomato leafminers occur in the tomato field), absorbent cotton (strips, 10 cm long×4 cm wide×1.5 cm high per plant, 20 kg / mu) is placed at the roots of tomato plants in the field. After the larvae of the tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, the absorbent cotton containing the pupae of the tomato leafminer is taken out of the field for incineration.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] A method for field control of tomato leafminers: During the tomato fruiting period (after tomato leafminers occur in the tomato field), place absorbent cotton (in block shape, 80 to 100 cm per plant) 3 , 15kg / mu) is placed at the roots of tomato plants in the field. After the tomato leafminer larvae enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae is taken out of the field and trampled.

[0045] Test Example 1

[0046] The pupation selection rate of tomato leafminer on different materials:

[0047] 1. Test materials: Petri dishes (150 mm in diameter), artificial climate chamber (RXZ-380C, Ningbo Jiangnan Instrument Factory), commercially available absorbent cotton, vermiculite and gauze. Adult tomato leafminers were supplemented with 10% honey aqueous solution. The rearing conditions were: 26±1℃, relative humidity 60±5%, and photoperiod L:D=16h:8h.

[0048] 2. Test methods

[0049] Place equal volumes (3.5 cm 3 ) of absorbent cotton, vermiculite, gauze and soil, and introduce 50 to 100 3rd to 4th instar larvae of tomato leafminer into the center of the culture dish. The experimental setting is as follows Figure 1 As shown. After one week, observe and record the number of pupations in different materials, and calculate the pupation rate of each material. Set up 3 replicates for each material. The number of larvae that died before pupation was discarded and not counted. Pupation rate = (number of pupations / total number of larvae) × 100%.

[0050] 3. Test results

[0051] The pupation preference of tomato leafminers on different materials was calculated and analyzed based on the number of pupations of tomato leafminers in different materials. The results are shown in Table 1, and different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0052] Table 1 Pupation selection rate of tomato leafminer in different materials

[0053] Treatment Group Vermiculite Cotton wool gauze soil Total pupation number 1 36 29 4 8 77 2 45 25 4 4 78 3 32 18 8 6 64 average value 37.67±6.66 24.00±5.57 5.33±2.31 6.00±2.00 219 Selection rate 51.598％a 32.877％a 7.306％b 8.219％b 100％

[0054] The results showed that the larvae of tomato leafminer chose to pupate in vermiculite at a rate of 51.598%, and in cotton wool at a rate of 32.877%, both of which were significantly higher than those in gauze and soil. At the same time, the larvae of tomato leafminer chose to pupate in gauze and soil at a rate of 7.306% and 8.219%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two. Although the larvae of tomato leafminer chose to pupate in vermiculite at a rate higher than that in cotton wool, there was no significant difference between the two, and vermiculite was easily mixed with soil in actual application, making it difficult to collect. Therefore, cotton wool was the best carrier material for collecting tomato leafminer pupae.

[0055] Test Example 2

[0056] Observation on the emergence rate and adult morphology of the tomato leafminer pupating in cotton wool:

[0057] Plant the "Zhongza No. 9" tomato plants in pots, and then place the pots with the plants in trays, which are then placed in mesh insect cages to simulate the free egg-laying choices of tomato leafminers in the field. Place 50 pairs of adult tomato leafminers in the cages and allow them to lay eggs freely. Remove the adults after 24 hours. After the tomato leafminer eggs on the plants develop into 3rd to 4th instar larvae, place the prepared cotton wool strips (10 cm long × 4 cm wide × 1.5 cm high) at the roots of the plants. In the experiment, most larvae choose to enter the cotton wool to pupate, and some larvae choose to pupate on the leaves. Collect the tomato leafminer pupae that enter the cotton wool on their own (such as Figure 2 as shown) and tomato leafminer pupae on leaves (as shown Figure 3 20 pupae were placed in an intelligent artificial climate box (RXZ-380C, Ningbo Jiangnan Instrument Factory) for further breeding under the conditions of 26±1℃, 60±5% relative humidity, and L:D=16h:8h. The experiment was repeated 5 times. The results of the emergence rate of pupae on the cotton wool and leaves are shown in Table 2 and Figure 4 shown.

[0058] Table 2 The emergence rate of pupae on cotton wool and leaves

[0059] Treatment Group Number of pupae on cotton wool Number of cotton wool feathering Number of pupations per leaf Number of leaf feathers 1 20 16 20 17 2 20 14 20 16 3 20 14 20 15 4 20 16 20 17 5 20 15 20 16 Eclosion rate / 75.00％ / 81.00％

[0060] The results showed that the rate of pupation of tomato leafminer in cotton wool was 75.00% and the rate of pupation on tomato leaves was 81.00%, which was slightly higher than that of pupae in cotton wool, but the difference in the pupae pupae pupae pupae between the two treatments was not significant (P = 0.0736). The morphology of adults emerged from pupae in both treatments was normal, indicating that pupation of tomato leafminer in cotton wool would not affect its subsequent normal emergence into adults.

[0061] Test Example 3

[0062] Tomato leafminer's choice of pupation position for cotton wool:

[0063] Plant the tomato plants of "Zhongza No. 9" in pots, and then place the pots with the plants in trays and mesh insect cages to simulate the free egg-laying selection of tomato leafminers in the field. Put 50 pairs of adult tomato leafminers in the cages and let them lay eggs freely. Remove the adults after 24 hours. When the eggs of tomato leafminers on the plants develop into third-instar larvae, hang the prepared absorbent cotton strips (10 cm long × 4 cm wide × 1.5 cm high) at the upper 1 / 3 of the plants and at the roots of the plants (experimental settings as shown in the figure). Figure 5 The larvae were kept for 3 times. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0064] Table 3 The pupation selection rate of tomato leafminer on cotton wool at different positions

[0065] Treatment Group Upper absorbent cotton Root cotton wool Inside the tray Total pupation number 1 8 48 2 58 2 2 76 10 88 3 2 12 0 14 Selection rate 7.50％ 85.00％ 7.50％ 100％

[0066] The results showed that, under the premise of providing absorbent cotton, the tomato leafminer preferred to pupate in the absorbent cotton (92.50%), and the pupation rate in other parts (the inner side of the tray at the bottom of the flowerpot) was 7.50%; as for the absorbent cotton in different positions, the pupation rates of the tomato leafminer in the absorbent cotton hanging on the plant and the absorbent cotton placed at the root of the plant were 7.50% and 85.00%, respectively, and the ratio between the two was 1:11.33. This shows that the tomato leafminer prefers to migrate downward when pupating, and most of them will choose to pupate in the absorbent cotton when the absorbent cotton is placed.

[0067] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The use of absorbent cotton in collecting tomato leafminer pupae is characterized in that: Place absorbent cotton in the space where the larvae of tomato leafminer are located. After the larvae of tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, use the absorbent cotton to collect the pupae of tomato leafminer.

2. A method for collecting tomato leafminer pupae, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Place absorbent cotton at the roots of plants where tomato leafminers occur. After the larvae of the tomato leafminer enter the absorbent cotton and pupate, collect the tomato leafminer pupae.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The absorbent cotton is placed during the larval stage of the tomato leafminer.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plants include potted tomato plants and field tomato plants.

5. Use of the method according to any one of claims 2 to 4 in laboratory rearing of tomato leafminers or field control of tomato leafminers.

6. A laboratory breeding method for tomato leafminer, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: During the rearing period of tomato leafminer, tomato leafminer pupae are collected by the collection method according to any one of claims 2 to 4.

7. A method for controlling tomato leafminer in the field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Place cotton wool at the roots of tomato plants in the field. After the larvae of tomato leafminer enter the cotton wool and pupate, collect and destroy the cotton wool containing the pupae of tomato leafminer.

8. The field control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The absorbent cotton is placed on tomatoes after tomato leaf miners occur.

9. The field control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The destruction method includes: taking the absorbent cotton containing the tomato leafminer pupae out of the field and trampling or burning them.

10. The field control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The usage of the absorbent cotton is 10-20 kg / mu.

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