Solid hydrogen pool
By setting up a cooling chamber and circulating cooling medium in the solid hydrogen tank, the problem of poor heat conduction after solid hydrogen storage materials come into contact with the hydrolyte is solved, rapid control and dissipation of heat is achieved, hydrogen storage density and power density are improved, and safety is ensured.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411904699.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, after the solid hydrogen storage material comes into contact with the hydrolyte, the huge heat released by the reaction cannot be quickly transmitted, resulting in excessive local temperature and bringing safety hazards.
A cooling chamber is set up outside the solid hydrogen tank, and the cooling medium is circulated in the cooling chamber to quickly conduct and dissipate the generated heat. At the same time, by calculating the contact liquid level of the solid hydrogen storage material and the hydrolysate, its contact area is controlled to control the reaction rate.
It effectively controls the heat generated during hydrogen production, avoids safety hazards of excessive local temperature, and improves hydrogen storage density and electrical energy density.
Smart Images
Figure CN119701785A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a solid hydrogen cell. Background Art
[0002] Hydrogen energy is a renewable secondary energy source. In the process of energy conversion and utilization, it has attracted widespread attention because its process products are pollution-free and environmentally friendly. Especially in the automotive field, as a new energy carrier that can replace traditional fossil energy, it is used in hydrogen fuel cell-based power systems. In a hydrogen fuel cell engine, hydrogen and oxygen react under the action of a catalyst to release electrical energy and heat energy. In this process, in order to achieve the long-range goal of on-board fuel cells, the pressure of the vehicle's hydrogen storage system is constantly increasing, resulting in an increase in the required pressurization energy consumption. Even if the hydrogen is compressed to a certain atmospheric pressure, the hydrogen storage density still cannot meet the long-range requirements of some heavy trucks;
[0003] In order to solve this problem, related technologies use metal hydrogen storage to achieve high-density hydrogen storage. However, whether it is bulk powder hydrogen storage or irregular polyhedron hydrogen storage such as spheres, the heat conduction rate is difficult to control, resulting in the huge amount of heat released being uncontrollable, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen cell to solve the problems in the prior art.
[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a solid hydrogen cell, including a hydrolysis chamber;
[0006] The hydrolysis chamber stores a hydrolyzate;
[0007] A solid hydrogen storage material is disposed inside the hydrolysis chamber, and the solid hydrogen storage material reacts with the hydrolysis solution to generate hydrogen;
[0008] At least one cooling chamber is arranged at one side of the hydrolysis chamber, and a cooling medium circulates in the cooling chamber. During the circulation of the cooling medium, the heat generated in the process of generating hydrogen is controlled.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, the upper end of the hydrolysis chamber is connected to a temporary hydrogen storage chamber, and the temporary hydrogen storage chamber is used to temporarily store the hydrogen generated in the hydrolysis chamber.
[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, the lower end of the hydrolysis chamber is connected to a tail liquid chamber, and the tail liquid chamber is used to receive the tail liquid discharged from the hydrolysis chamber.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, the solid-state hydrogen storage material is a high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage material that can generate hydrogen by adding water.
[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage material includes any one of metal materials, hydrogen storage alloys, inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials, carbonaceous hydrogen storage materials and metal organic framework compound hydrogen storage materials, and also includes composite materials mixed from various materials.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the style of the solid-state hydrogen storage material includes but is not limited to a cylindrical structure, a tetrahedral structure, and a polyhedral structure with more than four faces.
[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution, the hydrolyzate is an aqueous solution or a mixed aqueous solution with a certain amount of heat conductivity, and the purpose of adding the mixed solution is to slow down the hydrolysis rate, reduce the instantaneous heat release level of the hydrolysis reaction, and start the function of controlling the reaction rate.
[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution, two groups of cooling chambers are provided, and the two groups of cooling chambers are arranged on both sides of the hydrolysis chamber. The cooling medium in the cooling chamber is cooling water or a coolant.
[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution, the solid hydrogen storage materials are distributed on the inner wall of the hydrolysis chamber, and spaces for accommodating hydrolyzed liquid are provided between the solid hydrogen storage materials.
[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution, the contact area between the hydrolyzed liquid and the solid hydrogen storage material is calculated by the liquid level between the hydrolyzed liquid and the solid hydrogen storage material.
[0018] Beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. The present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen pool. A cooling chamber is provided on the outside of the solid-state hydrogen pool, and a circulating cooling medium is provided in the cooling chamber. The heat generated in the process of hydrogen generation can be quickly conducted to solve the problem in the prior art that after the solid-state hydrogen storage material contacts the hydrolyzate, the huge heat released by the reaction cannot be quickly conducted, resulting in excessively high local temperature and bringing potential safety hazards.
[0020] 2. The present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen pool that utilizes hydrogen energy for storage. Its energy storage density is more than 10 times that of a lithium battery. The fuel cell conversion efficiency is 50%. The solid-state hydrogen pool has an energy density of 2.47 kWh / kg, which is 10 times that of a lithium battery. Even if solid-state batteries are industrialized in the future, solid-state hydrogen pools will still have a 10-fold advantage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a solid-state hydrogen cell provided by the present invention.
[0023] In the figure: 1. hydrolysis chamber; 2. solid hydrogen storage material; 3. cooling chamber; 4. coolant inlet; 5. coolant outlet; 6. temporary hydrogen storage chamber; 7. tail liquid chamber; 8. hydrolysis liquid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The content of the present invention can be more easily understood by selecting the following detailed description of the preferred implementation method of the present invention and the embodiments included. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. When there is a conflict, the definition in this specification shall prevail.
[0025] The present invention provides a solid hydrogen pool, which solves the problem in the prior art that the heat conduction efficiency is low during the hydrogen release process, the huge reaction heat cannot be conducted and dissipated, that is, the heat generated during the hydrogen release process cannot be controlled.
[0026] The technical concept of the present application is that, by setting up a hydrolysis chamber 1, and a solid hydrogen storage material 2 and a hydrolysis liquid 8 in the hydrolysis chamber 1, a large amount of hydrogen can be generated by reacting the solid hydrogen storage material 2 with the hydrolysis liquid 8, and a large amount of heat is generated at the same time. In order to better control the heat, the present application is provided with a cooling chamber 3 in the hydrolysis chamber 1, specifically on both sides of the solid hydrogen storage material 2, and the generated heat can be taken away by the circulating cooling medium in the cooling chamber 3. At the same time, in this case, the inventor found that although the heat is taken away by the circulating cooling medium, the amount of heat generated cannot be predicted, and only partial heat control can be achieved, and precise control of the heat cannot be achieved. Therefore, the present application calculates the contact liquid level between the solid hydrogen storage material and the hydrolysis liquid 8 in the hydrolysis chamber 1, thereby controlling the contact area between the solid hydrogen storage material 2 and the hydrolysis liquid 8 to control the reaction rate, and can more accurately control the heat and the amount of hydrogen generated, thereby avoiding safety problems caused by excessive heat generation and excessive hydrogen generation.
[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, a solid hydrogen cell comprises: a hydrolysis chamber 1, in which a hydrolyzed liquid 8 is stored.
[0028] A solid hydrogen storage material 2 is also involved in the hydrolysis chamber 1. During the reaction process, the solid hydrogen storage material 2 reacts with the hydrolysis solution 8 to produce hydrogen and release heat;
[0029] At least one cooling chamber 3 is provided outside the hydrolysis chamber 1, and a cooling medium circulates in the cooling chamber 3. The heat generated in the process of generating hydrogen can be taken away by the circulation of the cooling medium, so as to achieve heat control and timely conduct the generated heat to the outside for effective dissipation.
[0030] Among them, the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 is a high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage material, including reversible hydrogen storage materials, and can also be an irreversible hydrogen storage material, including metal hydrogen storage materials and non-metallic hydrogen storage materials, mainly high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage materials that can release hydrogen by adding water.
[0031] Optionally, it can be a metal material (Mg, Ca, Al, etc.), a hydrogen storage alloy, an inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage material, a carbonaceous hydrogen storage material, a metal organic framework compound hydrogen storage material, etc. The hydrogen storage alloy includes a binary system, a ternary system and a multi-element system, such as LiH, NaH, KH, MgH2, CaH2, AlH3, etc.;
[0032] Inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage materials mainly include coordinated hydrides and amino compounds, such as NaAlH4, LiBH4 and ammonia borane, which are all hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density. In the solid-state hydrogen pool, a single or multiple hydrogen storage materials with relatively high hydrogen storage density can be selected. Reversible hydrogen storage is not required, only high hydrogen storage density is required.
[0033] Optionally, the main function of the cooling chamber 3 is to cool the solid hydrogen pool for circulation and heat dissipation. The cooling chamber 3 is provided with a coolant outlet 5 and a coolant inlet 4. The circulation of the cooling medium can be driven by an external power drive device. In some embodiments, in summer, the cooling medium can be cooling water, and in winter, a universal commercial coolant can be used, which can meet the requirement of no freezing at -35°C. Commercial coolants such as ethylene glycol-water mixture or propylene glycol-water mixture.
[0034] Optionally, the hydrolysis chamber 1 is a single-cell solid hydrogen pool for releasing hydrogen, where the solid hydrogen storage material 2 reacts with the aqueous solution, the hydrogen is stored and cached in the hydrogen chamber, and the reaction solution flows downward and is collected through the tail liquid chamber 7, and the two spaces are independent. The product after the hydrogen is released is recovered through the tail liquid chamber 7, which is more convenient for cleaning.
[0035] Optionally, the style of the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 includes but is not limited to a cylindrical structure, a tetrahedral structure, and a polyhedral structure with more than four sides. Specifically, it includes various regular polyhedral structures such as cylindrical, rectangular, cubic, and irregular polyhedral structures. The selection can be made according to actual needs and circumstances and is not limited here.
[0036] Optionally, the upper end of the hydrolysis chamber 1 is connected to a temporary hydrogen storage chamber 6, which is used to temporarily store the hydrogen generated in the hydrolysis chamber.
[0037] Optionally, the hydrolysis solution 8 is an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, it can be an alkaline solution or an acidic solution according to the type of the solid hydrogen storage material 2. Different hydrolysis solutions 8 can be selected according to actual conditions. In some embodiments, it can be a mixed aqueous solution with other heat conductivity. The purpose of adding the mixed solution is to slow down the hydrolysis rate, reduce the instantaneous heat release level of the hydrolysis reaction, and start the function of controlling the reaction rate.
[0038] Optionally, in some embodiments, two groups of cooling chambers 3 are provided, and the two groups of cooling chambers 3 are respectively arranged on both sides of the hydrolysis chamber 1, and the circulating cooling medium in the cooling chamber 3 is used to stably control the heat balance of hydrogen release inside the hydrolysis chamber 1. In some other achievable embodiments, the cooling chamber 3 can also be provided with multiple groups, such as three groups or four groups, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions and needs.
[0039] Optionally, in some embodiments, the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 is distributed on the inner wall of the hydrolysis chamber 1, and a space for accommodating the hydrolyzate 8 is provided between the solid-state hydrogen storage materials 2. For example, the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and the hydrolyzate 8 is accommodated in the hollow space. The contact area between the hydrolyzate 8 and the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 is calculated by the liquid level between the hydrolyzate 8 and the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2, thereby controlling the contact area between the solid-state hydrogen storage material 2 and the hydrolyzate 8, so as to effectively control the reaction rate.
[0040] Specifically, assuming that the bottom radius of the hollow portion is r and the liquid level is h, the contact area between the solid hydrogen storage material 2 and the hydrolyzed liquid 8 is:
[0041] A=2πrh
[0042] The contact area of solid hydrogen storage materials 2 in other shapes can also be obtained according to specific circumstances, which will not be elaborated here.
[0043] Compared with lithium batteries, the solid-state hydrogen pool in this case uses hydrogen energy as a secondary energy source for storage. However, the energy storage density of the solid-state hydrogen pool can be more than 10 times that of lithium batteries. The current higher energy density of lithium batteries is 200Wh / kg, while the hydrogen storage material selection of the solid-state hydrogen pool generally has a hydrogen storage density of 15wt% after adding water to release hydrogen, that is, 100kg of hydrogen storage material can store 15kg of hydrogen, and the low calorific value of hydrogen is 33kWh / kgH2. In this way, 100kg of solid-state hydrogen pool can store 495kWh of electrical energy, and the energy density of the solid-state hydrogen pool is 4.95kWh / kg. If it is converted into electricity using a fuel cell, the efficiency of the fuel cell is calculated according to the conventional 50%. The energy density of the solid-state hydrogen pool after the hydrogen energy is converted into electrical energy is 2.47kWh / kg, which is also close to 10 times that of lithium batteries. Even if solid-state batteries are industrialized in the future, the energy density of solid-state hydrogen pools will have a 10-fold advantage over solid-state batteries.
[0044] The most important innovation of the solid-state hydrogen pool is that it can achieve controlled hydrogen fusion, making it possible to release hydrogen by adding water, thereby greatly increasing the hydrogen storage density. When the hydrogen storage density exceeds 10%, the current 500 kg lithium battery of a lithium battery passenger car can be replaced with a solid-state hydrogen pool of the same weight to produce 50 kg of hydrogen. The current hydrogen consumption of fuel cell passenger cars is generally less than 1 kg of hydrogen / 100 km, which can allow the vehicle to have a one-time driving range of more than 5,000 km. It can be achieved that fuel cell passenger cars do not need to be charged, hydrogenated, or refueled. Every 5,000 km maintenance cycle, it is sufficient to go to 4S for maintenance and replace the solid-state hydrogen pool. Once the driving range is met and replaced once in a maintenance cycle, it is not necessary to require the hydrogen storage material used in the solid-state hydrogen pool to be reversible, nor is it required to have a reversible cycle number. The replaced solid-state hydrogen pool can be completely reused in the chemical industry chain or extracted from metal materials and hydrogen sources in the factory to synthesize the solid-state hydrogen pool again. This can bring revolutionary improvements to the entire automotive industry.
[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A solid hydrogen pool, characterized in that: including a hydrolysis chamber; The hydrolysis chamber stores a hydrolyzate; A solid hydrogen storage material is disposed inside the hydrolysis chamber, and the solid hydrogen storage material reacts with the hydrolysis solution to generate hydrogen; At least one cooling chamber is arranged at one side of the hydrolysis chamber, and a cooling medium circulates in the cooling chamber. During the circulation of the cooling medium, the heat generated in the process of generating hydrogen is controlled.
2. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the hydrolysis chamber is connected to a temporary hydrogen storage chamber, and the temporary hydrogen storage chamber is used to temporarily store the hydrogen generated in the hydrolysis chamber.
3. The solid hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the hydrolysis chamber is connected with a tail liquid chamber, and the tail liquid chamber is used to receive the tail liquid discharged from the hydrolysis chamber.
4. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage material is a high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage material that can generate hydrogen by adding water.
5. The solid hydrogen cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high hydrogen storage density hydrogen storage material includes any one of a metal material, a hydrogen storage alloy, an inorganic ionic compound hydrogen storage material, a carbonaceous hydrogen storage material and a metal organic framework compound hydrogen storage material.
6. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the solid-state hydrogen storage material includes but is not limited to a cylindrical structure, a tetrahedral structure, and a polyhedral structure having more than four faces.
7. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrolyzate is an aqueous solution or a mixed aqueous solution with heat conductivity.
8. The solid hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling chambers are provided with two groups, and the two groups of cooling chambers are arranged on both sides of the hydrolysis chamber. The cooling medium in the cooling chambers is cooling water or a coolant.
9. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid hydrogen storage materials are distributed on the inner wall of the hydrolysis chamber, and spaces for accommodating hydrolysis liquid are arranged between the solid hydrogen storage materials.
10. The solid-state hydrogen cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The contact area between the hydrolyzed liquid and the solid hydrogen storage material is calculated according to the liquid level between the hydrolyzed liquid and the solid hydrogen storage material.