Layered separation and recovery equipment of photovoltaic module and recovery method of layered separation and recovery equipment

Abstract

The invention provides layered separation and recovery equipment for a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof.The layered separation and recovery equipment comprises a feeding thickness measuring unit, a first set of glass stripping unit, a heating unit, a second set of glass stripping unit, a cullet collecting unit and a battery piece laminated piece collecting unit; the feeding thickness measuring unit is used for measuring the thickness of a photovoltaic module to be processed, the first group of glass stripping units is used for stripping the photovoltaic module to be processed for the first time, and the heating unit is used for heating the photovoltaic module to be processed after being stripped for the first time; the second group of glass stripping units is used for secondarily stripping the heated photovoltaic module to be processed to separate a glass layer from a battery piece layer, the cullet collecting unit is used for collecting cullet generated after secondary stripping, and the battery piece laminated piece collecting unit is used for collecting the battery piece layer generated after secondary stripping. The recovery equipment and the recovery method are integrally efficient and reliable, no other substances are mixed, loss is reduced, the overall recovery rate and the recovery speed are increased, and damage to human health is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation equipment, and specifically, relates to a layered separation and recycling device for photovoltaic modules and a recycling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. They are composed of packaging materials and laminates. The packaging materials include frames, junction boxes, and cables. The laminates include back panels, EVA adhesive layers, cell layers (containing silicon, aluminum, and silver), EVA adhesive layers, and glass layers stacked from bottom to top. Photovoltaic modules have a certain service life. The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules gradually decreases, and they need to be replaced. Replacing scrapped and discarded optical modules for recycling is the last link in the photovoltaic industry chain. Solar cell modules that are no longer used are discarded, and the dismantling and secondary utilization of retired and scrapped solar photovoltaic modules has broad market prospects. The packaging materials (frames and junction boxes) of photovoltaic modules are relatively simple to disassemble, and the recycling process is relatively mature. The frame box and junction box can be completely removed, and the recycling efficiency is relatively high.

[0003] At present, it is difficult to disassemble the laminated parts of photovoltaic modules, and the disassembly schemes can be divided into physical disassembly and chemical decomposition. Physical disassembly is mostly done by direct extrusion and crushing, which wastes a lot of manpower and material costs. The materials obtained are crushed glass and broken cells. The glass separation rate does not exceed 30%, the glass pulverization rate is high, and the separated materials are difficult to screen, and the valuable materials cannot be fully recycled. At the same time, the disassembly process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the dust environment is harmful to the health of workers. In addition, there is a large loss of materials during separation. Another chemical decomposition is to place the photovoltaic module in a container containing an inorganic acid or organic acid solution to dissolve the organic adhesive film in the photovoltaic module, thereby separating the cell from the glass. The recycling cycle is relatively long, requiring more than a week, and the waste liquid treatment is difficult in the later stage. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present application is: how to provide a layered separation and recycling device for photovoltaic components that can reduce damage to human health and improve recycling efficiency and material recovery rate.

[0005] The present application provides a layered separation and recycling device for photovoltaic modules, the layered separation and recycling device comprising:

[0006] A material loading thickness measuring unit, which is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed;

[0007] A first group of glass stripping units, the first group of glass stripping units is used to strip the photovoltaic modules to be processed at one time;

[0008] A heating unit, the heating unit is used to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the first stripping;

[0009] A second group of glass stripping units, the second group of glass stripping units is used for secondary stripping of the heated photovoltaic module to be processed to separate the glass layer and the cell layer;

[0010] A broken glass collection unit, the broken glass collection unit is used to collect broken glass generated after secondary stripping;

[0011] A battery sheet laminate collection unit is used to collect the battery sheet layers produced after secondary peeling.

[0012] Optionally, the material feeding thickness measuring unit comprises:

[0013] A feeding and conveying platform, wherein the feeding and conveying platform is used to load photovoltaic modules to be processed;

[0014] A thickness measuring mechanism is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

[0015] Optionally, the first group of glass stripping units includes:

[0016] a first lower peeling roller;

[0017] a first lower peeling roller motor, the first lower peeling roller motor being used to drive the first lower peeling roller to rotate;

[0018] a first upper conveying roller;

[0019] A first upper conveying roller motor, wherein the first upper conveying roller motor is used to drive the first upper conveying roller to rotate;

[0020] A first lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the first lower stripping roller and the first upper conveying roller according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

[0021] Optionally, the heating unit comprises:

[0022] An upper conveyor chain, the upper conveyor chain is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once;

[0023] A lower conveyor chain, the lower conveyor chain is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once;

[0024] A heating chamber mechanism is used to heat the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once.

[0025] Optionally, the second group of glass stripping units includes:

[0026] a second upper conveying roller;

[0027] a second upper conveying roller motor, the second upper conveying roller motor being used to drive the second upper conveying roller to rotate;

[0028] a second lower peeling roller;

[0029] a second lower peeling roller motor, the second lower peeling roller motor being used for driving the second lower peeling roller to rotate;

[0030] The second lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the second lower stripping roller and the second upper conveying roller according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

[0031] Optionally, the broken glass collection unit comprises:

[0032] A cell sheet filtering mechanism, the cell sheet filtering mechanism is used to filter the cell sheet layer obtained after secondary peeling;

[0033] A cullet hopper, which is used to collect cullet obtained after secondary stripping;

[0034] A broken glass lifting mechanism, wherein the broken glass lifting mechanism is used to transport broken glass;

[0035] A cullet guide chute, the cullet guide chute is used to receive and convey the cullet conveyed by the cullet lifting mechanism;

[0036] A cullet screening mechanism is provided, wherein the cullet screening mechanism is used for screening cullet.

[0037] Optionally, the battery sheet laminate collection unit comprises:

[0038] Belt conveyor;

[0039] A conveying belt is installed on the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is used to drive the conveying belt to convey the battery sheet layer obtained by filtration.

[0040] Optionally, the heating method of the heating chamber mechanism is short-wave infrared heating.

[0041] The present application also provides a recycling method of a photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device, the recycling method comprising:

[0042] Use the loading thickness measuring unit to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic modules to be processed;

[0043] The first set of glass stripping units is used to strip the photovoltaic module to be processed at one time, so that the glass layer and the cell layer are loosened;

[0044] Using a heating unit to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the first stripping;

[0045] Using a second set of glass stripping units to secondary strip the heated photovoltaic module to be processed to separate the glass layer and the cell layer;

[0046] The broken glass generated after the secondary stripping is collected by using a broken glass collection unit;

[0047] The battery sheet layers produced after the secondary peeling are collected by a battery sheet laminate collection unit.

[0048] The present application provides a photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device and a recycling method thereof, which have the following technical effects:

[0049] The glass layer and the battery cell layer can be decomposed and separated to achieve layered separation and recycling of broken glass photovoltaic module laminates, which solves the problems of high glass powdering rate and low separation rate caused by direct extrusion and crushing, and long time consumption and slow recycling speed caused by acid solution dissolution. It also reduces secondary pollution and the generation of other accompanying products in the recycling process, and improves the equipment and recycling method for layered separation of laminators and layering of glass and battery cells in the photovoltaic module recycling industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 A side view of a delamination separation and recycling device for photovoltaic modules according to one or more embodiments;

[0051] Figure 2 A top view of a delamination separation and recycling device for photovoltaic modules according to one or more embodiments;

[0052] Figure 3 The present invention is a flow chart of a recycling method of a photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to one or more embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0054] Before describing the various embodiments of the present application in detail, the technical concept of the present application is first briefly described: At present, physical disassembly and chemical decomposition are mainly used when disassembling the laminated parts of photovoltaic modules, which have technical problems such as low recycling efficiency, damage to personnel health, high material loss rate and environmental pollution. For this reason, the layered separation and recycling equipment of photovoltaic modules provided by the present application utilizes a first group of glass stripping units, a heating unit and a second group of glass stripping units to heat and strip the photovoltaic modules twice, separate the glass layer and the battery cell layer, and can recycle a large amount of glass and the battery cell layer that can enter the next process. It is efficient and reliable as a whole, without any other substances mixed in, and also reduces losses, improves the overall recovery rate and recovery speed, and avoids harming human health. The specific principles of the layered separation and recycling equipment of photovoltaic modules of the present application are described below in combination with more embodiments.

[0055] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the layered separation and recycling equipment of the photovoltaic module of the first embodiment includes a loading and thickness measuring unit 10, a first group of glass stripping units 20, a heating unit 30, a second group of glass stripping units 40, a broken glass collecting unit 50, and a cell laminate collecting unit 60. The loading and thickness measuring unit 10 is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed, the first group of glass stripping units 20 is used to strip the photovoltaic module to be processed once, the heating unit 30 is used to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the first stripping, the second group of glass stripping units 40 is used to strip the heated photovoltaic module to be processed for a second time to separate the glass layer and the cell layer, the broken glass collecting unit 50 is used to collect the broken glass generated after the second stripping, and the cell laminate collecting unit 60 is used to collect the cell layer generated after the second stripping.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, before the photovoltaic modules to be processed are input into the layered separation and recycling equipment of this embodiment, the discarded broken photovoltaic modules are sent to the front-end pretreatment unit and the backboard grinding and removal unit to obtain frameless and backboard-free broken glass photovoltaic module laminates, i.e., the photovoltaic modules to be processed.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the feeding and thickness measuring unit 10 includes a feeding and conveying platform 11 and a thickness measuring mechanism 12. The feeding and conveying platform 11 is used to feed the photovoltaic components to be processed, and the thickness measuring mechanism 12 is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic components to be processed. Exemplarily, the thickness measuring mechanism 12 adopts non-contact measurement of the thickness of the photovoltaic components to be processed to provide a basis for the subsequent adjustment of the stripping gap and the setting of the heating temperature. The thickness adjustment is set to 0 to 10 mm, and different thicknesses can be automatically selected or manually adjusted according to the component conditions. At the same time, adaptive adjustments can be made through corresponding mechanisms and detection devices during the component glass separation process to meet the glass separation of components in different states.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, the first glass stripping unit 20 includes a first lower stripping roller 21, a first lower stripping roller motor 22, a first upper conveying roller 23, a first upper conveying roller motor 24, and a first lifting control mechanism, wherein the first lower stripping roller motor 22 is used to drive the first lower stripping roller 21 to rotate, the first upper conveying roller motor 24 is used to drive the first upper conveying roller 23 to rotate, and the first lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the spacing between the first lower stripping roller 21 and the first upper conveying roller 23 according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed. Exemplarily, the first lifting control mechanism includes a first elevator 25, a second elevator 26, and a first servo motor 27, wherein the first elevator 25 controls the lifting process of the first lower stripping roller 21, the second elevator 26 controls the lifting process of the first upper conveying roller 23, and the first servo motor 27 controls the driving process of the first elevator 25 and the second elevator 26 according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, the heating unit 30 includes an upper conveying chain 31, a lower conveying chain 32, and a heating chamber mechanism 33. The upper conveying chain 31 is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after one peeling, the lower conveying chain 32 is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after one peeling, and the heating chamber mechanism 33 is used to heat the photovoltaic components to be processed after one peeling. Exemplarily, the heating method of the heating chamber mechanism 33 is short-wave infrared heating. The heating chamber mechanism 33 sets the heating temperature according to the thickness measurement data, and the heating temperature range is 40 to 200°C, in preparation for glass separation.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, the second glass stripping unit 40 includes a second upper conveying roller 41, a second upper conveying roller motor 42, a second lower stripping roller 43, a second lower stripping roller motor 44, and a second lifting control mechanism, wherein the second upper conveying roller motor 42 is used to drive the second upper conveying roller 41 to rotate, the second lower stripping roller motor 44 is used to drive the second lower stripping roller 43 to rotate, and the second lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the spacing between the second lower stripping roller 43 and the second upper conveying roller 41 according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed. Exemplarily, the second lifting control mechanism includes a third elevator 45 and a second servo motor 46, wherein the third elevator 45 controls the lifting process of the second upper conveying roller 41 and the second lower stripping roller 43, and the second servo motor 46 controls the driving process of the third elevator 45 according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed, so as to adjust the spacing between the second lower stripping roller 43 and the second upper conveying roller 41.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, the broken glass collection unit 50 includes a cell filter mechanism 51, a broken glass hopper 52, a broken glass lifting mechanism 53, a broken glass guide trough 54, and a broken glass screening mechanism 55. The cell filter mechanism 51 is used to filter the cell layer obtained after secondary stripping, the broken glass hopper 52 is used to collect the broken glass obtained after secondary stripping, the broken glass lifting mechanism 54 is used to transport the broken glass, the broken glass guide trough 54 is used to receive and transport the broken glass transported by the broken glass lifting mechanism 54, and the broken glass screening mechanism 55 is used to screen the broken glass. The broken glass collection unit 50 can effectively separate more than 70% of the broken glass and obtain a complete cell layer.

[0062] In one or more embodiments, the battery sheet laminate collection unit 60 includes a belt conveyor 61 and a conveying belt 62 . The conveying belt 62 is installed on the belt conveyor 61 . The belt conveyor 61 is used to drive the conveying belt 62 to convey the filtered battery sheet layers.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the recycling method of the layered separation and recycling equipment of photovoltaic modules includes:

[0064] Step S10: using the feeding thickness measuring unit 10 to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic modules to be processed that are transported.

[0065] Step S20: using the first set of glass stripping units 20 to strip the photovoltaic module to be processed at one time, so that the glass layer and the cell layer are loosened.

[0066] Step S30 , using the heating unit 30 to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the peeling.

[0067] Step S40: using the second set of glass stripping units 40 to strip the heated photovoltaic module to be processed for a second time to separate the glass layer and the cell layer.

[0068] Step S50: using the cullet collecting unit 50 to collect the cullet generated after the secondary stripping.

[0069] Step S60 , using the cell laminate collection unit 60 to collect the cell layers produced after the secondary peeling.

[0070] The photovoltaic module layered separation and recycling equipment and recycling method provided in this embodiment can decompose and separate the glass layer and the battery cell layer, and realize the layered separation and recycling of broken glass photovoltaic module laminates, which solves the problems of high glass powderization rate and low separation rate in the existing direct extrusion and crushing method and long time consumption and slow recycling speed caused by the acid solution dissolution method, and also reduces secondary pollution and the generation of other accompanying products in the recycling process, and improves the equipment and recycling method for layered separation of laminators and layering of glass and battery cells in the photovoltaic module recycling industry.

[0071] The specific implementation methods of the present application are described in detail above. Although some embodiments have been shown and described, those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments can be modified and improved without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application whose scope is defined by the claims and their equivalents. These modifications and improvements should also be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device, characterized in that: The layered separation and recovery equipment comprises: A material loading thickness measuring unit, which is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed; A first group of glass stripping units, the first group of glass stripping units is used to strip the photovoltaic modules to be processed at one time; A heating unit, the heating unit is used to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the first stripping; A second group of glass stripping units, the second group of glass stripping units is used for secondary stripping of the heated photovoltaic module to be processed to separate the glass layer and the cell layer; A broken glass collection unit, the broken glass collection unit is used to collect broken glass generated after secondary stripping; A battery sheet laminate collection unit is used to collect the battery sheet layers produced after secondary peeling.

2. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding thickness measuring unit comprises: A feeding and conveying platform, wherein the feeding and conveying platform is used to load photovoltaic modules to be processed; A thickness measuring mechanism is used to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

3. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first group of glass stripping units includes: a first lower peeling roller; a first lower peeling roller motor, the first lower peeling roller motor being used to drive the first lower peeling roller to rotate; a first upper conveying roller; A first upper conveying roller motor, wherein the first upper conveying roller motor is used to drive the first upper conveying roller to rotate; A first lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the first lower stripping roller and the first upper conveying roller according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

4. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating unit comprises: An upper conveyor chain, the upper conveyor chain is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once; A lower conveyor chain, the lower conveyor chain is used to convey the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once; A heating chamber mechanism is used to heat the photovoltaic components to be processed after being stripped once.

5. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second glass stripping unit comprises: a second upper conveying roller; a second upper conveying roller motor, the second upper conveying roller motor being used to drive the second upper conveying roller to rotate; a second lower peeling roller; a second lower peeling roller motor, the second lower peeling roller motor being used for driving the second lower peeling roller to rotate; The second lifting control mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the second lower stripping roller and the second upper conveying roller according to the thickness of the photovoltaic module to be processed.

6. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broken glass collection unit comprises: A cell sheet filtering mechanism, the cell sheet filtering mechanism is used to filter the cell sheet layer obtained after secondary peeling; A cullet hopper, which is used to collect cullet obtained after secondary stripping; A broken glass lifting mechanism, wherein the broken glass lifting mechanism is used to transport broken glass; A cullet guide chute, the cullet guide chute is used to receive and convey the cullet conveyed by the cullet lifting mechanism; A cullet screening mechanism is provided, wherein the cullet screening mechanism is used for screening cullet.

7. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery sheet laminate collection unit comprises: Belt conveyor; A conveying belt is installed on the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is used to drive the conveying belt to convey the battery sheet layer obtained by filtration.

8. The photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating method of the heating chamber mechanism is short-wave infrared heating.

9. A recycling method of the photovoltaic module layer separation and recycling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The recovery method comprises: Use the loading thickness measuring unit to measure the thickness of the photovoltaic modules to be processed; The first set of glass stripping units is used to strip the photovoltaic module to be processed at one time, so that the glass layer and the cell layer are loosened; Using a heating unit to heat the photovoltaic module to be processed after the first stripping; Using a second set of glass stripping units to secondary strip the heated photovoltaic module to be processed to separate the glass layer and the cell layer; The broken glass generated after the secondary stripping is collected by using a broken glass collection unit; The battery sheet layers produced after the secondary peeling are collected by a battery sheet laminate collection unit.

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