Extrusion apparatus and method for complex cross-section profiles

Abstract

The application provides an extrusion forming device and method for a complex cross-section profile, and relates to the technical field of metal product forming. The extrusion forming device comprises a press, a die, a glass pad, a heat preservation device and a current heating device. The die comprises a lower die provided with an extrusion channel and a sizing belt. The extrusion channel is used for detachably mounting a blank arranged along the extension direction of the extrusion channel and the glass pad. The heat preservation device is connected with the lower die. An extrusion rod is arranged above the die and is used for inserting into the extrusion channel and abutting against the blank. The current heating device is connected with the extrusion rod and the lower die and is used for applying a current field to perform current heating on the blank, so that the glass pad is melted and adhered to the end face and part of the circumferential side face of the blank to form an intermediate piece. The intermediate piece is used for entering the sizing belt under the extrusion of the extrusion rod to form the complex cross-section profile. The application can increase the application range of the extrusion forming device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal product forming technology, and more specifically, to an extrusion forming apparatus and method for complex cross-section profiles. Background Technology

[0002] By using high-strength metals that are difficult to deform, such as titanium and its alloys, and alloy steel, as raw materials, complex cross-section profiles with microstructures (high-strength alloy microgroove heat pipes) can be prepared. The structural properties of the profiles can be controlled, and the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the formed microstructures can be improved. This has great application prospects in the fields of automotive electronics, aerospace, new energy, military industry, and precision machinery.

[0003] In related technologies, warm / hot extrusion, as a plastic forming process, mainly uses an extrusion forming device to form a profile (i.e., product) from a blank through hot extrusion. Specifically, the extrusion forming device mainly includes a mold, a heating device, and an upper pressure head. The mold mainly includes a punch and a die. The blank is placed in the cavity formed by the punch and the die. The heating device is connected to the mold, and the mold can transfer the heat generated by the heating device to the blank to heat the blank. The upper pressure head is used to apply pressure to the punch of the mold so that the blank undergoes plastic extrusion deformation and is then extruded into the required shape by the mold.

[0004] However, since the internal shape of the mold in the extrusion forming device is fixed, it can only produce metal profiles with simple cross-sections and it is difficult to form profiles with different complex cross-sections, which limits the application range of the extrusion forming device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem addressed by this invention is how to effectively expand the application range of profiles produced by extrusion molding equipment.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an extrusion forming apparatus and method for complex cross-section profiles.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles, comprising a press, a die, a glass pad, a heat preservation device, and an electric heating device. The die includes a lower die, which has an extrusion channel and a sizing band arranged and connected along its extension direction. The inner diameter of the sizing band is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel. The extrusion channel is used for detachably mounting a blank arranged along its extension direction and the glass pad. The heat preservation device is connected to the lower die and is used to provide a temperature field for the blank within the extrusion channel.

[0008] The press includes an extrusion rod and a worktable. The lower die is disposed on the worktable, and the extrusion rod is positioned above the lower die. The extrusion rod is inserted into the extrusion channel and abuts against the billet. The current heating device is connected to the extrusion rod and the lower die, and is used to apply a current field to heat the billet. The billet conducts heat to the glass pad. ， The glass pad is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank to form an intermediate part; the intermediate part is used to enter the sizing zone under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod to form a complex cross-section profile; the surface shape of the glass pad is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile.

[0009] Optionally, the lower die includes an extrusion barrel, a shaping plate, and a shaping die. The shaping die is detachably mounted on the shaping plate, and the glass pad is detachably mounted on the shaping die. The shaping plate and the shaping die are respectively provided with the sizing belt.

[0010] The extrusion barrel is disposed on the shaping plate, and the extrusion channel is provided inside the extrusion barrel.

[0011] Optionally, the shaping plate is provided with a first mounting groove, and at least a portion of the shaping die is disposed in the first mounting groove.

[0012] Optionally, the shaping die is provided with a second mounting groove, and at least a portion of the glass pad is mounted in the second mounting groove.

[0013] Optionally, the heat preservation device includes multiple heating elements, some of which are disposed inside the extrusion barrel and others are disposed inside the shaping plate.

[0014] Optionally, the current heating device includes a first electric screw, a second electric screw, and a DC power supply. The first electric screw is disposed on the extrusion rod, and the second electric screw is disposed on the shaping plate. The first electric screw and the second electric screw are electrically connected to the DC power supply.

[0015] When the extrusion rod abuts against the blank, the first electric screw, the extrusion rod, the blank, the shaping die, the shaping plate, the second electric screw, and the DC power supply form a series closed loop.

[0016] Optionally, the lower die further includes an insulating sleeve, the bottom end of the extrusion barrel is provided with a first annular groove, the top end of the shaping plate is provided with a second annular groove, the first annular groove and the second annular groove are connected to form a third mounting groove, the insulating sleeve is embedded in the third mounting groove, and the portion of the insulating sleeve is sleeved on the blank.

[0017] Optionally, the lower mold further includes a first heat insulation plate, a second heat insulation plate, a support leg, a lower mold base plate, and a third heat insulation plate. The first heat insulation plate is disposed between the extrusion barrel and the shaping plate, and the second heat insulation plate, the support leg, the lower mold base plate, and the third heat insulation plate are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate and the worktable.

[0018] Optionally, the press further includes an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixing plate, the mold further includes an upper mold, the upper mold includes a fourth heat insulation plate, an upper mold base plate and a fifth heat insulation plate, the top end of the extrusion rod is connected to the extrusion fixing plate, the extrusion power device is disposed above the extrusion fixing plate, and the fourth heat insulation plate, the upper mold base plate and the fifth heat insulation plate are arranged from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate;

[0019] The extrusion fixing plate is used to assemble with the extrusion barrel.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides an extrusion forming method for complex cross-section profiles, based on the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The blank is preheated to a first preset temperature, and the lower mold is heated to a second preset temperature using a heat preservation device;

[0022] The heated blank is placed in the extrusion channel of the lower die and rests on a glass pad;

[0023] The extrusion rod descends to apply a first preset pressure to the billet, which is then heated by an electric heating device. The billet conducts the heat to the glass pad. ， To melt and attach the glass pad to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank to form an intermediate part;

[0024] The extrusion rod extrudes the intermediate part into the sizing band of the lower die, and the sizing band is used to shape the intermediate part into a complex cross-section profile.

[0025] After extrusion is completed, the lower die is removed, and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing zone.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the extrusion forming apparatus and method for complex cross-section profiles of the present invention are:

[0027] The billet can be extruded to form complex cross-section profiles. For example, the billet can be preheated to reach the extrusion temperature. A heat preservation device can be used to heat the lower die to provide a stable and uniform temperature field for the billet, reducing heat loss and the extrusion resistance generated when the extrusion rod applies pressure. The billet heated to the extrusion temperature is then transferred to the extrusion channel of the lower die, positioned above the glass pad within the channel. The extrusion rod of the press is then driven down into the extrusion channel of the lower die to contact the billet. Since a current heating device is connected to the extrusion rod and the lower die, the billet in the extrusion channel of the lower die is heated by current, and the billet conducts heat to the glass pad. ， The glass pad melts and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank to form an intermediate part. Since the surface shape of the glass pad is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the bottom of the intermediate part can have a complex cross-section similar to the surface shape of the glass pad. The intermediate part softens under the high temperature generated by the current heating device. Then, the softened intermediate part enters the sizing zone of the lower die under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod, so that the intermediate part is shaped into a complex cross-section profile of equal diameter by the sizing zone of the lower die, thus completing the preparation of the complex cross-section profile. Furthermore, when the intermediate part moves in the sizing zone, the glass pad that has melted and adhered to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank can lubricate the movement of the intermediate part in the sizing zone, avoiding the problem of the intermediate part sticking to the inner wall of the sizing zone.

[0028] Furthermore, since the blank and the glass pad are detachably installed in the extrusion channel along its extension direction, and the surface shape of the glass pad is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, a matching glass pad can be selected for the complex cross-section profile to be prepared as needed. Thus, the blank and glass pads with different shapes can be hot-melted to prepare the corresponding complex cross-section profile, thereby increasing the applicability of the extrusion forming device. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is one of the partial structural schematic diagrams of the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a second partial structural schematic diagram of the extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4This is an exploded view of the molding die and glass pad in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partial exploded structure of the lower mold and the blank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is the third partial structural schematic diagram of the extrusion forming device for complex cross-section profiles in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the press and lower die in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1-Press; 11-Extrusion rod; 12-Extrusion fixing plate; 2-Lower die; 21-Extrusion barrel; 211-Extrusion channel; 212-First annular groove; 22-Shaping plate; 221-First mounting groove; 222-Second annular groove; 23-Shaping die; 231-Sizing belt; 232-Second mounting groove; 24-Insulating sleeve; 25-First heat insulation plate; 26-Second heat insulation plate; 27-Support leg; 28-Lower die seat plate; 29-Third heat insulation plate; 3-Glass pad; 4-Heating device; 41-Heating device; 5-Current heating device; 51-First electric screw; 52-Second electric screw; 53-DC power supply; 6-Upper die; 61-Fourth heat insulation plate; 62-Upper die seat plate; 63-Fifth heat insulation plate; 7-Burnt material; 8-Lifting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the attached diagram, the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, i.e., up and down, with the positive direction of the Z-axis representing up and the negative direction representing down. The X-axis represents the horizontal direction, specifically the left and right positions, with the positive direction of the X-axis representing the right and the negative direction representing the left. It should be noted that the aforementioned representations of the Z-axis and X-axis are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0040] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0042] By using high-strength metals that are difficult to deform, such as titanium and its alloys, and alloy steel, as raw materials, complex cross-section profiles with microstructures (high-strength alloy microgroove heat pipes) can be prepared. The structural properties of the profiles can be controlled, and the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the formed microstructures can be improved. This has great application prospects in the fields of automotive electronics, aerospace, new energy, military industry, and precision machinery.

[0043] However, currently, it is difficult, costly, inefficient, and difficult to control the structural quality and strength of complex cross-section profiles using micro-nano processing methods such as micro-milling, laser sintering, and 3D printing.

[0044] In related technologies, warm / hot extrusion, as a plastic forming process, mainly uses an extrusion forming device to form a profile (i.e., product) from a blank through hot extrusion. Specifically, the extrusion forming device mainly includes a mold, a heating device, and an upper pressure head. The mold mainly includes a punch and a die. The blank is placed in the cavity formed by the punch and the die. The heating device is connected to the mold, and the mold can transfer the heat generated by the heating device to the blank to heat the blank. The upper pressure head is used to apply pressure to the punch of the mold so that the blank undergoes plastic extrusion deformation and is then extruded into the required shape by the mold.

[0045] The existing technical solutions mentioned above are mostly limited to the preparation of metal profiles with small deformation resistance of raw materials and simple cross-sections in macroscopic dimensions. With the development of aerospace, automotive electronics, precision machinery and other fields, there is an urgent need to break through the manufacturing technology bottleneck of complex cross-section profiles with microstructures using high-strength metals as raw materials.

[0046] However, since the internal shape of the mold in the extrusion molding device is fixed, it can only produce metal profiles with simple cross-sections, making it difficult to form profiles with different complex cross-sections, which limits the application range of the extrusion molding device.

[0047] To address the problems existing in the aforementioned related technologies, this embodiment provides an extrusion forming apparatus and method for complex cross-section profiles.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, an extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles provided in this embodiment of the invention includes a press 1, a mold, a glass pad 3, a heat preservation device 4, and an electric heating device 5. The mold includes a lower mold 2, which is provided with an extrusion channel 211 and a sizing belt 231 arranged and connected along its extension direction. The inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211. The extrusion channel 211 is used for detachably installing a blank 7 arranged along its extension direction and the glass pad 3. The heat preservation device 4 is connected to the lower mold 2 and is used to provide a temperature field for the blank 7 in the extrusion channel 211.

[0049] The press 1 includes an extrusion rod 11 and a worktable. The lower die 2 is disposed on the worktable, and the extrusion rod 11 is disposed above the lower die. The extrusion rod 11 is used to insert into the extrusion channel 211 and abut against the blank 7. The current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower die 2, and is used to apply a current field to heat the blank 7. The blank 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3. ， The glass pad 3 is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part; the intermediate part is used to enter the sizing band 231 under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod 11 to form a complex cross-section profile; the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile.

[0050] Specifically, the lower mold 2 can be basically in the form of a polygonal prism structure or a cylindrical structure, thus the lower mold 2 has an extending direction, which can be parallel to... Figure 1 The Z-axis is parallel in the coordinate system; the lower die 2 has an interconnected extrusion channel 211 and a sizing belt 231 inside. The extrusion channel 211 and the sizing belt 231 can be cylindrical cavity structures inside the lower die 2. The extrusion channel 211 is located above the sizing belt 231. The inner diameter of the sizing belt 231 is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211 to prevent the billet 7 from falling into the sizing belt 231 before the current is heated. The sizing belt 231 can also shape the intermediate part into a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter.

[0051] The blank 7 can be a cylindrical structure or a polygonal prism structure, and the glass pad 3 can be a plate structure or a sheet structure, and the area of ​​the larger surface of the glass pad 3 should be smaller than the area of ​​the bottom surface of the blank 7.

[0052] The heat preservation device 4 is connected to the lower mold 2 and is used to heat the lower mold 2 so that the lower mold 2 reaches a certain temperature before the billet 7 is put in, so as to provide a temperature field for the billet 7 subsequently placed in the extrusion channel 211, so as to keep the billet 7 warm and reduce its heat damage.

[0053] The lower die 2 can be placed on the worktable of the press 1 to support it. At least a portion of the extrusion rod 11 can be cylindrical, and the inner diameter of the extrusion channel 211 is larger than the outer diameter of the extrusion rod 11 so that at least a portion of the extrusion rod 11 can be smoothly inserted into the extrusion channel 211.

[0054] The current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower die 2, so that the extrusion rod 11, the billet 7, the glass pad 3, the lower die 2, and the current heating device 5 can form a closed loop to heat the billet 7 with current. Since the larger surface area of ​​the glass pad 3 is smaller than the bottom surface area of ​​the billet 7, the area of ​​the glass pad 3 increases after melting. The increased area of ​​the glass pad 3 is larger than the end face area of ​​the billet 7, so that under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11, it can completely adhere to the end face of the billet 7 and cover part of the circumferential side to form an intermediate part. This intermediate part is an intermediate semi-finished product in the process of preparing the billet 7 into a complex cross-section profile.

[0055] The surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, meaning that glass pads 3 with different shapes can be used to prepare complex cross-section profiles with corresponding end face shapes.

[0056] In this embodiment, the billet 7 can be extruded to form a complex cross-section profile. For example, the billet 7 can be preheated to reach the extrusion temperature. The lower die 2 of the mold is heated by the heat preservation device 4 to provide a stable and uniform temperature field for the billet 7, which not only reduces the heat loss of the billet 7, but also reduces the extrusion resistance generated by the billet 7 when the extrusion rod 11 applies extrusion pressure to the billet 7. Then, the billet 7 heated to the extrusion temperature is transferred to the extrusion channel 211 of the lower die 2, and the billet 7 is placed above the glass pad 3 in the extrusion channel 211. Then, the extrusion rod 11 of the press 1 is driven down into the extrusion channel 211 of the lower die 2 to abut against the billet 7. Since the current heating device 5 is connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the lower die 2, the billet 7 in the extrusion channel 211 of the lower die 2 is heated by current through the current heating device 5. The billet 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3. ，The glass pad 3 is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part. Since the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the bottom of the intermediate part can have a complex cross-section similar to the surface shape of the glass pad 3. The intermediate part softens under the high temperature generated by the current heating device 5. Then, the softened intermediate part enters the sizing band 231 of the lower die 2 under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11. The sizing band 231 of the lower die 2 shapes the intermediate part into a complex cross-section profile of equal diameter, thereby completing the preparation of the complex cross-section profile. When the intermediate part moves in the sizing band 231, the glass pad 3, which is melted and attached to part of the circumferential side of the blank 7, can lubricate the movement of the intermediate part in the sizing band 231, avoiding the problem of the intermediate part sticking to the inner wall of the sizing band 231.

[0057] Furthermore, since the extrusion channel 211 is used for detachably installing the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 arranged along its extension direction, and the surface shape of the glass pad 3 is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile, the glass pad 3 that matches the complex cross-section in the complex cross-section profile to be prepared can be selected. Thus, the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 with different shapes can be hot-melted to prepare the corresponding complex cross-section profile, thereby increasing the applicability of the extrusion forming device.

[0058] Therefore, this invention uses the DC current of the current heating device 5, the heat provided by the heat preservation device 4, and the axial pressure field generated by the extrusion rod 11 to couple the profile straightening, in-situ heating, and glass pad 3 into an integrated design. This solves the problem that related technologies cannot achieve heating, lubrication, and extrusion of high-strength alloy complex cross-section profiles. It can realize the mutual coupling of current field, temperature field, and force field for extrusion, and achieve low-cost mass production of high-strength alloy complex cross-section profiles.

[0059] Optionally, combined Figure 2 As shown, the lower mold 2 includes an extrusion barrel 21, a shaping plate 22, and a shaping die 23. The shaping die 23 is detachably installed on the shaping plate 22, and the glass pad 3 is detachably installed on the shaping die 23. The shaping plate 22 and the shaping die 23 are respectively provided with the sizing belt 231.

[0060] The extrusion barrel 21 is disposed on the shaping plate 22, and the extrusion channel 211 is disposed inside the extrusion barrel 21.

[0061] Specifically, the extrusion barrel 21 can be disposed above the shaping plate 22; the shaping die 23 being detachably mounted on the shaping plate 22 means that the shaping die 23 can be disposed between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, or at least a portion of the shaping die 23 can be disposed inside the shaping plate 22.

[0062] The glass pad 3 can be placed on the shaping die 23 to support and position the glass pad 3. The inner diameter of the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22 and the sizing band 231 of the shaping die 23 can be the same or different. For example, the inner diameter of the sizing band 231 of the shaping die 23 can be smaller than the inner diameter of the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22.

[0063] The extrusion barrel 21 has an extrusion channel 211 inside. The extrusion channel 211 is arranged and connected with the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22 and the shaping die 23 along the extension direction of the lower die 2.

[0064] The forming die 23 and the forming plate 22 can be cylindrical structures with a sizing belt 231 inside, and the extrusion channel 211 is coaxially arranged with the sizing belt 231 of the forming die 23 and the forming plate 22.

[0065] In this optional embodiment, since the glass pad 3 is detachably mounted on the forming die 23, the heat generated by the current heating device 5 is transferred to the glass pad 3 through the blank 7, so that the glass pad 3 partially melts under the high temperature conducted by the blank 7, first detaches from the forming die 23 and then attaches to the end face (e.g., bottom face) and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part. Since the forming die 23 is detachably mounted on the forming plate 22, different specifications of forming dies 23 can be flexibly matched according to different sizes of glass pads 3, so as to ensure that the glass pads 3 of the corresponding size can be placed more stably and quickly on the forming die 23, so that the accurately and stably placed glass pads 3 can be evenly attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 after high temperature melting, thereby improving the forming quality of complex cross-section profiles.

[0066] Optionally, combined Figure 3 As shown, the shaping plate 22 is provided with a first mounting groove 221, and at least a portion of the shaping die 23 is disposed in the first mounting groove 221.

[0067] Specifically, the inner diameter of the first positioning groove should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the shaping die 23 so that the shaping die 23 can be smoothly installed in the first mounting groove 221 of the shaping plate 22.

[0068] "At least a portion of the shaping die 23 is disposed within the first mounting groove 221" means that the lower portion of the shaping die 23 is located within the first mounting groove 221, or the entire shaping die 23 is located within the first mounting groove 221.

[0069] In this optional embodiment, since the shaping die 23 is set in the first mounting groove 221 of the shaping plate 22, after the two are assembled, the axis of the shaping die 23 coincides with the axis of the shaping plate 22, ensuring the coaxiality of the shaping die 23 and the shaping plate 22. Furthermore, the sizing band 231 of the shaping die 23 is connected to the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22, ensuring that the intermediate part can smoothly enter the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22 from the sizing band 231 of the shaping die 23 under the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11, thereby improving the quality of the formed complex cross-section profile.

[0070] Optionally, combined Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the shaping die 23 is provided with a second mounting groove 232, and at least a portion of the glass pad 3 is installed in the second mounting groove 232.

[0071] Specifically, the surface of the glass pad 3 can be a circular structure, and the size of the second mounting groove 232 of the shaping mold 23 can be greater than or equal to the size of the glass pad 3, so that the glass pad 3 can be smoothly placed in the shaping mold 23.

[0072] The phrase "at least part of the glass pad 3 is installed in the second mounting groove 232" means that, since the glass pad 3 has a certain thickness, the lower part of the glass pad 3 is located in the second mounting groove 232, or the entire glass pad 3 is located in the second mounting groove 232.

[0073] In this optional embodiment, since at least a portion of the glass pad 3 is installed in the second mounting groove 232, the glass pad 3 can be supported and positioned by the second mounting groove 232. This prevents the glass pad 3 from deviating or misaligning due to the weight of the blank 7 and the downward pressure of the extrusion rod 11 before the heat conducted by the blank 7 melts it. This allows the melted glass pad 3 to accurately adhere to the end face (such as the bottom surface) and at least the circumferential sidewall of the blank 7, thereby improving the forming quality of complex cross-section profiles.

[0074] Optionally, the insulation device 4 can adopt the following structural configuration, combined with Figure 2 As shown, the heat preservation device 4 includes a plurality of heating devices 41, some of which are disposed in the extrusion barrel 21 and others are disposed in the shaping plate 22.

[0075] Specifically, the heating device 41 can be rod-shaped, U-shaped, S-shaped, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0076] In addition, the heating device 41 can be any of the following: resistance wire electric heater, electric heating tube electric heater, PTC electric heater, etc.

[0077] The number of heating devices 41 can be selected and installed according to factors such as the material and volume of the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22; combined with Figure 2 As shown, multiple heating devices 41, for example, four, can be installed in the extrusion barrel 21, and multiple heating devices 41, for example, two, can be installed in the shaping plate 22.

[0078] Multiple heating elements 41 are electrically connected to an external power supply device, so that the operation or shutdown of each heating element 41 can be controlled by the external power supply device.

[0079] In this optional embodiment, since multiple heating devices 41 are installed in the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 respectively, an appropriate number of heating devices 41 can be selected and controlled to work according to the different materials of the blank 7, and the multiple heating devices 41 can be controlled separately, so as to more accurately control the temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping die 23 according to the different materials of the blank 7, so as to provide a corresponding temperature field for the blank 7 and improve the forming quality of complex cross-section profiles accordingly.

[0080] Optionally, combined Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the current heating device 5 includes a first electric screw 51, a second electric screw 52, ​​and a DC power supply 53. The first electric screw 51 is disposed on the extrusion rod 11, and the second electric screw 52 is disposed on the shaping plate 22. The first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 are electrically connected to the DC power supply 53.

[0081] When the extrusion rod 11 abuts against the blank 7, the first electric screw 51, the extrusion rod 11, the blank 7, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22, the second electric screw 52 and the DC power supply 53 form a series closed loop.

[0082] Specifically, the two electric screws can be connected to the extrusion rod 11 and the shaping plate 22 respectively in the following ways: for example, the extrusion rod 11 is provided with a first threaded hole, the first electric screw 51 is inserted into the first threaded hole and threadedly connected, so as to fix the first electric screw 51 on the extrusion rod 11; the shaping plate 22 is provided with a second threaded hole, the second electric screw 52 is inserted into the second threaded hole and threadedly connected, so as to fix the second electric screw 52 on the shaping plate 22.

[0083] DC power supply 53 is used to provide DC current to heat the blank 7. The blank 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3, so that the glass pad 3 melts under high temperature and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part. The intermediate part softens under the action of the DC current, which helps to enter the sizing zone 231 to form a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter.

[0084] The first electric screw 51 can be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply 53, and the second electric screw 52 can be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53.

[0085] In this optional embodiment, when the extrusion rod 11 descends into the extrusion channel 211 and abuts against the billet 7, the first electric screw 51, the extrusion rod 11, the billet 7, the glass pad 3, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22, the second electric screw 52, ​​and the DC power supply 53 form a series closed loop. At this time, the DC current generated by the DC power supply 53 can be output from its positive terminal and can flow along the first electric screw 51 sequentially through the extrusion rod 11, the billet 7, the shaping die 23, the shaping plate 22, and... The second electric screw 52 flows into the negative terminal of the DC power supply 53. At this time, the blank 7 can be heated by DC current through the DC power supply 53. The blank 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3, so that the part of the glass pad 3 in contact with the blank 7 melts under the action of high temperature and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part. The intermediate part softens under the action of the DC power supply 53, which helps to enter the sizing zone 231 under the downward extrusion action of the extrusion rod 11 to form a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter.

[0086] Furthermore, the DC current generated by the DC power supply 53 heats the blank 7 or intermediate parts and glass pad 3 faster than the pulse current, which reduces the extrusion pressure of the extrusion rod 11 and can appropriately increase the filling degree of the complex cross-section profile (formed product) to further improve the forming quality of the complex cross-section profile.

[0087] Optionally, combined Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the lower mold 2 also includes an insulating sleeve 24, the bottom end of the extrusion barrel 21 is provided with a first annular groove 212, the top end of the shaping plate 22 is provided with a second annular groove 222, the first annular groove 212 and the second annular groove 222 are connected to form a third mounting groove, the insulating sleeve 24 is embedded in the third mounting groove, and the insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on the portion of the blank 7.

[0088] Specifically, the diameter of the insulating sleeve 24 can be larger than the diameter of the blank 7, so that the insulating sleeve 24 can be fitted onto the blank 7, or the blank 7 can be inserted into the insulating sleeve 24.

[0089] The insulating sleeve 24 can be made of insulating materials such as ceramics. When the insulating sleeve 24 is fitted over the blank 7, the DC current acting on the blank 7 can be constrained or guided by the insulating sleeve 24, so that the DC current can flow along the axial direction of the blank 7, thereby preventing the DC current from being transmitted to other components.

[0090] The part of the insulating sleeve 24 that is fitted onto the blank 7 means that the axial length of the insulating sleeve 24 is less than the length of the blank 7, so that the insulating sleeve 24 can only be fitted onto a part of the blank 7.

[0091] The insulating sleeve 24 can be installed in the following manner, for example, by opening a first annular groove 212 at the bottom of the extrusion barrel 21 and providing a second annular groove 222 at the top of the shaping plate 22. The first annular groove 212 and the second annular groove 222 are coaxially arranged and connected to form a third mounting groove. The axial length of the third mounting groove is greater than or equal to the axial length of the insulating sleeve 24 to ensure that the insulating sleeve 24 can be smoothly embedded and installed in the third mounting groove.

[0092] In this optional embodiment, since the insulating sleeve 24 is embedded in the third mounting groove and the extrusion barrel 21 is mounted on the shaping plate 22, the insulating sleeve 24 is positioned vertically by the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, thereby improving the installation stability of the insulating sleeve 24. When the lower part of the blank 7 is inserted into the insulating sleeve 24, the insulating sleeve 24 guides the DC current flowing through the blank 7 to prevent the DC current from being transmitted to other components. Furthermore, the insulating sleeve 24 can also insulate and heat-preserve the blank 7, preventing heat loss and improving the current heating efficiency of the blank 7. This allows the blank 7 to soften effectively within a set time, thereby improving the forming efficiency of complex cross-section profiles.

[0093] Optionally, combined Figure 6 As shown, the lower mold 2 also includes a first heat insulation plate 25, a second heat insulation plate 26, a support leg 27, a lower mold base plate 28, and a third heat insulation plate 29. The first heat insulation plate 25 is disposed between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22. The second heat insulation plate 26, the support leg 27, the lower mold base plate 28, and the third heat insulation plate 29 are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate 22 and the worktable.

[0094] Specifically, the first heat insulation plate 25, the second heat insulation plate 26, and the third heat insulation plate 29 can be plate-shaped structures made of insulating and heat-insulating materials.

[0095] The second heat insulation plate 26 can be located between the shaping plate 22 and the support leg 27. The lower mold base plate 28 is installed below the support leg 27. The third heat insulation plate 29 can be installed between the lower mold base plate 28 and the worktable.

[0096] An exhaust channel is provided inside the support leg 27. The exhaust channel is coaxially arranged with the sizing belt 231 of the shaping plate 22. However, the inner diameter of the exhaust channel can be smaller than the inner diameter of the sizing belt 231. Through this exhaust channel, it can be ensured that the air pressure inside the support leg 27 is balanced with the external air pressure during the process of the intermediate part entering the sizing belt 231 under the downward pressing action of the extrusion rod 11.

[0097] The lower mold 2 also includes lifting rings 8. At least two lifting rings 8 can be provided on the circumferential outer wall of the lower mold base plate 28 to facilitate the lifting of the lower mold 2 by lifting equipment such as a crane, so as to transfer the lower mold 2 to the worktable of the press 1.

[0098] In this optional embodiment, since the first heat insulation plate 25 is disposed between the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22, the insulating sleeve 24 is sleeved on the portion of the billet 7, and the second heat insulation plate 26 is disposed between the shaping plate 22 and the support leg 27, the flow path of the DC current output by the current heating device 5 can be controlled through the first heat insulation plate 25, the insulating sleeve 24 and the second heat insulation plate 26, so that the DC current can flow along the axial direction of the billet 7, thereby improving the current heating efficiency of the billet 7, and also playing a role in circumferential insulation and heat preservation of the billet 7. In short, through the dual effects of current heating and insulation and heat preservation, the forming efficiency of complex cross-section profiles can be effectively improved, and the safety of the extrusion forming device can be ensured, avoiding leakage accidents.

[0099] Optionally, combined Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the press 1 further includes an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixing plate 12. The mold further includes an upper mold 6, which includes a fourth heat insulation plate 61, an upper mold base plate 62, and a fifth heat insulation plate 63. The top end of the extrusion rod 11 is connected to the extrusion fixing plate 12. The extrusion power device is located above the extrusion fixing plate 12, and the fourth heat insulation plate 61, the upper mold base plate 62, and the fifth heat insulation plate 63 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate 12.

[0100] The extrusion fixing plate 12 is used to assemble with the extrusion barrel 21.

[0101] Specifically, a fourth heat insulation plate 61 is installed at the bottom of the extrusion power device (not shown in the figure), and the fourth heat insulation plate 61, the upper die base plate 62, and the fifth heat insulation plate 63 are fixedly assembled from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate 12.

[0102] The extrusion power device can be a vertically arranged hydraulic cylinder, electric push rod, or hydraulic electric cylinder, etc., mainly used to drive the upper die 6 and the extrusion rod 11 located at the lower end of the upper die 6 to rise or fall.

[0103] The extrusion fixing plate 12 can serve as a connecting component between the extrusion rod 11 and the upper die 6.

[0104] The extrusion fixing plate 12 is used to assemble with the extrusion barrel 21, which means that during the extrusion of the blank 7, the extrusion fixing plate 12 and the extrusion barrel 21 are fitted together so that the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2 of the mold can make mold closing contact action.

[0105] In this optional embodiment, after the blank 7 is placed in the glass pad 3 within the extrusion channel 211, the extrusion power device can be used to drive the upper die 6 and the extrusion rod 11, which is installed below the extrusion fixing plate 12, to descend and insert into the extrusion channel 211, quickly contacting the blank 7. At this time, the extrusion fixing plate 12 and the upper end of the extrusion barrel 21 are engaged, realizing the mold closing action of the upper die 6 and the lower die 2. Subsequently, the current heating device 5 can generate a direct current to heat the blank 7, and the blank 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3. ， The glass pad 3 is melted and adheres to the bottom surface and part of the circumferential sidewall of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part. As the direct current continues to flow through the intermediate part, the intermediate part softens. As the extrusion rod 11 moves downward, the softened intermediate part is extruded into the sizing band 231 of the shaping plate 22 to form a complex cross-section profile. During the process of the blank 7 being converted into an intermediate part and finally formed into a complex cross-section profile, the fourth heat insulation plate 61 and the fifth heat insulation plate 63 can provide insulation and heat insulation between the extrusion barrel 21 of the lower die 2 and the extrusion power device, so as to prevent the high temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 from being transmitted to the extrusion power device. In other words, the high temperature of the extrusion barrel 21 is prevented from affecting the working state of the extrusion power device, and the downward movement of the extrusion power device is ensured accordingly.

[0106] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an extrusion forming method for complex cross-section profiles, based on the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0107] S1. The blank 7 is preheated to a first preset temperature, and the lower mold 2 is heated to a second preset temperature by the heat preservation device 4.

[0108] It should be noted that, in step S11, before preheating the billet 7, a glass lubricant can be applied to the cylindrical surface of the billet 7. Subsequently, the end faces and circumferential sides of the billet 7 can be smoothed and flattened by mechanical processing such as polishing. The raw material of the billet 7 can be metallic materials such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum and their alloys.

[0109] S12. Then, the billet 7 is placed in the heating furnace and preheated to a first preset temperature. The first preset temperature can be the extrusion temperature of the billet 7, for example, 500°C. During this process, the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 of the lower die 2 can be heated to a second preset temperature by the heat preservation device 4. The second preset temperature is the heat preservation temperature of the billet 7. The value of the second preset temperature can be the same as that of the first preset temperature. This is to avoid heat loss when the billet 7 is placed in the extrusion channel 211. During this process, while the heat preservation device 4 heats the extrusion barrel 21 and the shaping plate 22 of the lower mold 2, it also has a certain heating effect on the glass pad 3. However, the second preset temperature cannot reach the melting temperature of the glass pad 3. The upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 are both located above the lower mold 2. There is a large height between the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2. This not only prevents the upper mold 6 and the extrusion rod 11 from participating in the heating of the heat preservation device 4, so as to avoid the lower mold 2 being too hot and affecting the effect of forming the blank 7 and the glass pad 3 into a complex cross-section profile, but also ensures that the upper mold 6 will not interfere with the subsequent transfer of the heated blank 7 to the extrusion channel 211, so as to ensure that the heated blank 7 can be smoothly transferred into the extrusion channel 211.

[0110] S13. Transfer the lower die 2 of the mold to the worktable of the press 1, and ensure that the lower die 2 does not interfere with the extrusion rod 11 and the upper die 6, and ensure that the mold and the press 1 are reliably positioned and accurately guided.

[0111] The tonnage of press 1 should be selected based on the strength of the material. It is recommended that the ultimate pressure of the selected equipment be greater than or equal to 100T. To ensure sufficient current density, the current range provided by the external power supply should be at least 0 to 2000A. The power supply should have multiple power-on modes, including constant current, constant voltage, current boost and voltage boost modes, and should also have multiple current forms such as DC current and pulse current output.

[0112] S14. Check the safe power supply conditions of the mold: Use a multimeter to check whether the upper and lower molds are insulated from the press 1. The mold and the press 1 should be completely insulated. Check whether the circuit of the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 of the current heating device 5 is complete. When the mold is fully assembled and the billet 7 is under pre-pressure, the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 should be in contact.

[0113] S2. The heated blank 7 is placed in the extrusion channel 211 of the lower die 2 and is placed on the glass pad 3.

[0114] It should be noted that the billet 7 heated to the first preset temperature can be placed in the extrusion channel 211 of the extrusion barrel 21 by a robotic arm, and the billet 7 is placed on the glass pad 3 on the shaping die 23 to complete the positioning operation between the billet 7 and the glass pad 3.

[0115] S3. The extrusion rod 11 descends to apply a first preset pressure to the blank 7, and the blank 7 is heated by the current heating device 5. The blank 7 conducts heat to the glass pad 3. ， The glass pad 3 is melted and attached to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank 7 to form an intermediate part.

[0116] It should be noted that the first preset pressure refers to the extrusion force of the extrusion rod 11 on the blank 7 before the blank 7 is heated by current. The extrusion force can be 200N, which is used to ensure good contact between the blank 7 and the shaping die 23, so as to avoid the circuit being broken when the current heating device heats the blank 7 by current.

[0117] Subsequently, the extrusion rod 11 can be driven down by the extrusion power device so that at least a portion of the extrusion rod 11 is inserted into the extrusion channel 211 of the extrusion barrel 21 to apply a first preset pressure to the billet 7. Then, the current heating device 5 outputs a direct current to heat the billet 7. The billet 7 can conduct the heat generated by the current heating device 5 to the glass pad 3. When the temperature of the glass pad 3 exceeds the softening temperature, a portion of the glass pad 3 begins to melt and adhere to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the billet 7 to form an intermediate part. During this process, the intermediate part softens under the high temperature of the direct current, which helps to form a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter in the subsequent sizing zone.

[0118] S4. The extrusion rod 11 extrudes the intermediate part into the sizing band 231 of the lower die 2. The sizing band 231 is used to shape the intermediate part into a complex cross-section profile.

[0119] It should be noted that after the intermediate part softens, the extrusion rod 11 continues to move downward to apply a second preset pressure to the intermediate part, so as to extrude the softened intermediate part into the sizing band 231 of the shaping die 23 and the shaping plate 22. At this time, the softened intermediate part can be formed into a complex cross-section profile with equal diameter through the sizing band 231.

[0120] S5. After extrusion is completed, the lower die 2 is removed and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing belt 231.

[0121] Specifically, after extrusion, the DC power supply 53 of the first electric screw 51 and the second electric screw 52 is disconnected, and the external power supply device that supplies power to the heating device 41 in the heat preservation device 4 is turned off. After the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 2 have cooled down, the demolding operation is carried out. For example, the extrusion power device drives the extrusion rod 11 and the upper mold 6 to rise so as to separate them from the lower mold 2. Then, the first heat insulation plate 25 of the lower mold 2 is separated from the upper shaping plate 22, or the second heat insulation plate 26 is separated from the lower support leg 27 so as to take out the complex cross section profile from the bottom end of the sizing belt 231 of the shaping plate 22.

[0122] Finally, replace the glass pad 3 with a new one to prepare for the fabrication of the next complex cross-section profile.

[0123] The advantages of the extrusion forming method for complex cross-section profiles in this embodiment compared to the prior art are the same as those of the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles, characterized in that, The device includes a press (1), a mold, a glass pad (3), a heat preservation device (4), and an electric heating device (5). The mold includes a lower mold (2), which has an extrusion channel (211) and a sizing belt (231) arranged and connected along its extension direction. The inner diameter of the sizing belt (231) is smaller than the inner diameter of the extrusion channel (211). The extrusion channel (211) is used to detachably install a billet (7) arranged along its extension direction and the glass pad (3). The heat preservation device (4) is connected to the lower mold (2) and is used to provide a temperature field for the billet (7) in the extrusion channel (211). The press (1) includes an extrusion rod (11) and a worktable. The lower die (2) is disposed on the worktable. The extrusion rod (11) is disposed above the lower die (2). The extrusion rod (11) is used to insert into the extrusion channel (211) and abut against the blank (7). The current heating device (5) is connected to the extrusion rod (11) and the lower die (2) and is used to apply a current field to heat the blank (7). The blank (7) conducts heat to the glass pad (3) so that the glass pad (3) melts and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank (7) to form an intermediate part. The intermediate part is used to enter the sizing band (231) under the extrusion action of the extrusion rod (11) to form a complex cross-section profile. The surface shape of the glass pad (3) is similar to the end face shape of the complex cross-section profile. The glass pad (3) is a plate-like structure or a sheet-like structure; the glass pad (3) is used to attach to the end face of the blank (7) after hot melting to form the end face of the complex cross-section profile, and the complex cross-section profile with different end face shapes can be prepared by replacing the glass pad (3) with different complex morphologies. The lower mold (2) includes an extrusion barrel (21), a shaping plate (22), and a shaping die (23). The shaping die (23) is detachably installed on the shaping plate (22), and the glass pad (3) is detachably installed on the shaping die (23). The shaping plate (22) and the shaping die (23) are respectively provided with the sizing belt (231). The extrusion barrel (21) is disposed on the shaping plate (22), and the extrusion channel (211) is disposed inside the extrusion barrel (21).

2. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping plate (22) is provided with a first mounting groove (221), and at least a portion of the shaping die (23) is disposed in the first mounting groove (221).

3. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping die (23) is provided with a second mounting groove (232), and at least a portion of the glass pad (3) is installed in the second mounting groove (232).

4. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat preservation device (4) includes multiple heating devices (41), some of which are located inside the extrusion barrel (21), and others are located inside the shaping plate (22).

5. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current heating device (5) includes a first electric screw (51), a second electric screw (52) and a DC power supply (53). The first electric screw (51) is disposed on the extrusion rod (11), and the second electric screw (52) is disposed on the shaping plate (22). The first electric screw (51) and the second electric screw (52) are electrically connected to the DC power supply (53). When the extrusion rod (11) abuts against the blank (7), the first electric screw (51), the extrusion rod (11), the blank (7), the shaping die (23), the shaping plate (22), the second electric screw (52), and the DC power supply (53) form a series closed loop.

6. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower mold (2) also includes an insulating sleeve (24). The bottom end of the extrusion barrel (21) is provided with a first annular groove (212), and the top end of the shaping plate (22) is provided with a second annular groove (222). The first annular groove (212) and the second annular groove (222) are connected to form a third mounting groove. The insulating sleeve (24) is embedded in the third mounting groove and is fitted onto the portion of the blank (7).

7. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower mold (2) further includes a first heat insulation plate (25), a second heat insulation plate (26), a support leg (27), a lower mold base plate (28), and a third heat insulation plate (29). The first heat insulation plate (25) is disposed between the extrusion barrel (21) and the shaping plate (22). The second heat insulation plate (26), the support leg (27), the lower mold base plate (28), and the third heat insulation plate (29) are arranged from top to bottom between the shaping plate (22) and the worktable.

8. The extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The press (1) further includes an extrusion power device and an extrusion fixing plate (12). The mold further includes an upper mold (6). The upper mold (6) includes a fourth heat insulation plate (61), an upper mold base plate (62), and a fifth heat insulation plate (63). The top end of the extrusion rod (11) is connected to the extrusion fixing plate (12). The extrusion power device is located above the extrusion fixing plate (12). The fourth heat insulation plate (61), the upper mold base plate (62), and the fifth heat insulation plate (63) are arranged from top to bottom between the extrusion power device and the extrusion fixing plate (12). The extrusion fixing plate (12) is used to assemble with the extrusion barrel (21).

9. A method for extruding a complex cross-section profile, based on the extrusion forming apparatus for complex cross-section profiles according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The blank (7) is preheated to a first preset temperature, and the lower mold (2) is heated to a second preset temperature by the heat preservation device (4); The heated blank (7) is placed in the extrusion channel (211) of the lower die (2) and on the glass pad (3); The extrusion rod (11) descends to apply a first preset pressure to the blank (7), and the blank (7) is heated by the current heating device (5). The blank (7) conducts heat to the glass pad (3) so that the glass pad (3) melts and adheres to the end face and part of the circumferential side of the blank (7) to form an intermediate part. The extrusion rod (11) extrudes the intermediate part into the sizing band (231) of the lower die (2), and the sizing band (231) is used to shape the intermediate part into a complex cross-section profile. After extrusion is completed, the lower die (2) is removed and the complex cross-section profile is taken out from the sizing band (231).

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