Die for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure casting and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-pressure casting, in particular to a mold for measuring internal cooling data of a low-pressure cast casting and an implementation method thereof.The mold comprises a mold body, a sampling end, a sensor mounting unit, a cooling mechanism and a controller, and the mold body comprises an upper mold base and a lower mold base which are oppositely arranged up and down; when the upper die base and the lower die base are closed, a cavity is defined and formed between the upper die base and the lower die base and used for containing molten aluminum to conduct casting, and a pouring cup used for allowing the molten aluminum to enter the cavity is arranged in the center of the lower die base. The temperature sensors mounted at different positions in the sensor mounting unit are used for comprehensively and finely monitoring the temperature change of the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of a casting sample in real time in the casting process, the temperature change in molten aluminum is accurately recorded, key data in the solidification process are collected, the temperature distribution uniformity in the cooling process is ensured, and the casting quality is improved. And internal defects and stress problems caused by non-uniform cooling are effectively prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of low-pressure casting, in particular to a mold for measuring internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting. Background Art

[0002] Low-pressure casting is a casting technology that slowly injects molten metal into a mold at low pressure. The process feature is that an appropriate amount of low pressure is applied to the metal liquid in a sealed environment, so that the metal flows upward along the riser and evenly fills the mold. Compared with traditional casting methods, low-pressure casting effectively reduces the pores and impurities in the casting, improves the density and mechanical properties of the casting, and is particularly suitable for the production of complex, large and thin-walled aluminum alloy castings. Aluminum alloys have become a key material widely used in aviation, automobiles, construction and other industrial fields due to their good mechanical properties, low density and excellent corrosion resistance. Especially in the automotive industry, A356 aluminum alloy is a cast aluminum alloy with a high silicon content. It is often used to manufacture components with complex structures and high load-bearing requirements, such as wheels, engine brackets and other key parts.

[0003] At present, the casting of A356 aluminum alloy usually relies on several traditional processes, such as sand casting, die casting and precision casting, but they often have problems such as complex post-processing (such as post-casting machining, surface treatment, etc.), material waste and long production cycle in the production process. Low-pressure casting is increasingly used in aluminum alloy casting production due to its advantages in casting accuracy and internal quality control. However, in actual applications, the solidification rate in low-pressure casting technology directly affects the grain structure and final mechanical properties of the casting. Too fast or too slow solidification rate may cause defects such as cracks, pores, and thermal cracks in the casting. Therefore, accurately measuring the cooling rate and temperature changes during the solidification process of aluminum alloy is crucial to optimizing the casting process and improving the quality of castings.

[0004] At present, although traditional low-pressure casting technology can measure the temperature changes on the surface of the casting through external temperature sensors (41), it is often unable to provide accurate internal cooling data because it cannot penetrate deep into the casting. This limitation makes it difficult for operators to monitor the temperature changes inside the casting in real time and adjust the cooling rate according to actual conditions, making it impossible to accurately optimize the casting process within each production cycle.

[0005] Based on the above situation, we propose a mold for measuring the internal cooling data of low-pressure castings to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a mold for measuring the internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the internal temperature change of the casting cannot be obtained and the cooling rate is not convenient to adjust.

[0007] The technical problem solved by the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings, comprising a mold body, a sampling end, a sensor mounting unit, a cooling mechanism and a controller, wherein the mold body comprises an upper mold base and a lower mold base arranged opposite to each other in the upper and lower directions, and when the upper mold base and the lower mold base are molded together, a cavity is defined between the upper mold base and the lower mold base, and the cavity is used to contain aluminum liquid for casting the casting, and a pouring cup for aluminum liquid to enter the cavity is provided at the center of the lower mold base, the number of the sampling ends is multiple and all are arranged on the outer edge of the mold body, the distance between two adjacent sampling ends is equal, and the distance between each sampling end and the center point of the mold body is the same, the sensor mounting unit comprises a plurality of mounting holes arranged on the sampling end, for mounting a temperature sensor, for detecting the temperature change of the casting in the cavity, the cooling mechanism is arranged on the sampling end, for cooling the casting, the input end of the controller is connected to the temperature sensor, and the output end is connected to the cooling mechanism, for receiving the signal of the temperature sensor and controlling the cooling mechanism to adjust the cooling rate.

[0008] Preferably, the sensor mounting unit includes a plurality of first position mounting holes opened on the sampling end of the upper mold base and a plurality of second position mounting holes opened on the sampling end of the lower mold base, and a plurality of half-slots are opened on the opposite surfaces of the upper mold base sampling end and the lower mold base sampling end, and when the upper mold base and the lower mold base are closed, a third position mounting hole is formed between the two half-slots.

[0009] Preferably, the sensor mounting unit further comprises a central mounting hole opened at the center of the upper die seat, and the temperature sensor in the central mounting hole is used to measure the inlet temperature of the aluminum liquid when it enters the cavity to ensure accurate initial temperature control.

[0010] Preferably, the cooling mechanism is an air-cooled cooling slot opened on the sampling end.

[0011] Preferably, the cooling mechanism is a cooling tube arranged inside the sampling end, and the cooling tube is connected to a water pump.

[0012] A method for implementing a mold for measuring internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting comprises the following steps: S1: Install temperature sensors in multiple mounting holes and calibrate them; S2: setting experimental parameters and adjusting the cooling system according to the temperature detection values ​​of multiple temperature sensors; S3: Real-time recording and analysis of temperature data from multiple temperature sensors; S4: Conduct mechanical property tests and microstructure analysis; S5: Optimize the process based on the experimental results and feed back to production.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The temperature sensors in the first mounting hole, the second mounting hole and the third mounting hole are used to conduct all-round and precise real-time monitoring of the temperature changes at the top, middle and bottom of the casting sample during the casting process, accurately record the temperature changes inside the aluminum liquid, collect key data in the solidification process, ensure the uniformity of temperature distribution during the cooling process, and effectively prevent internal defects and stress problems caused by uneven cooling, thereby significantly improving the overall quality and mechanical properties of the casting.

[0014] By connecting the cooling mechanism to the control system, the cooling rate of the cooling mechanism can be adjusted according to the real-time temperature data detected by the temperature sensor to ensure that the casting maintains a preset cooling rate during the cooling process, thereby reducing stress concentration and defects caused by temperature fluctuations, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of the casting cooling process, and reducing errors caused by human intervention.

[0015] After casting is completed, the casting in the sampling end can be sampled to facilitate subsequent mechanical property testing and microstructure analysis. The multiple sample extraction functions provide strong data support for quality inspection and cooling parameter optimization of castings, allowing quality tracking and control at every stage of the production process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The isometric structure provided by the present invention is schematically shown Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The isometric structure provided by the present invention is schematically shown Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure provided by the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 A principle block diagram provided for the present invention; Figure 7 The figure is a flow chart of the method for measuring internal cooling data of low pressure castings in the present invention.

[0018] In the figure, 1. upper mold base; 11. upper mold bracket; 2. lower mold base; 21. lower mold bracket; 22. bottom plate; 23. guide column; 24. top plate; 25. fixed plate; 26. ejector rod; 3. cavity; 31. pouring cup; 4. sampling end; 41. temperature sensor; 42. air-cooled cooling trough; 43. cooling pipe; 44. water pump; 5. controller; 6. first position mounting hole; 61. second position mounting hole; 62. third position mounting hole; 63. center mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0020] Reference Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings includes a mold body, wherein the mold body includes an upper mold base 1 and a lower mold base 2 which are arranged opposite to each other up and down. When the upper mold base 1 and the lower mold base 2 are molded together, a cavity 3 is defined between the upper mold base 1 and the lower mold base 2. The cavity 3 is used to contain aluminum liquid for casting, and a pouring cup 31 for aluminum liquid to enter the cavity 3 is provided at the center of the lower mold base 2. When in use, aluminum alloy melt is injected into the cavity 3 from bottom to top through the pouring cup 31, so that the aluminum alloy melt flows and evenly fills the cavity 3, and a lower mold bracket 21 and a bottom plate 22 are connected below the lower mold base 2 for supporting and fixing the lower mold base 2, and an upper mold bracket 11 is connected to the upper mold base 1, and the upper mold bracket 11 is connected to the top plate 24 through a retractable guide column 23, and the guide column 23 is fixed A fixed end is connected to a fixed plate 25, on which a push rod 26 is provided. When casting is completed, the guide column 23 drives the upper die base 1 to move upward to separate the upper die base 1 from the lower die base 2, and the push rod 26 enters into the cavity 3 through the through hole in the upper die base 1, and can eject the casting in the upper die base 1 (this technology is prior art, and those skilled in the art should know that it is not the main invention of the present invention, so no further elaboration is made). The present invention is mainly aimed at the casting in the cavity 3 during the low-pressure casting process. As time goes by, the casting will gradually cool down, and different cooling rates will cause the casting to produce different microstructures and properties. The present scheme monitors the temperature changes of various parts inside the casting and finely controls the cooling rate in real time to avoid internal defects and stress problems caused by uneven cooling. The present invention will be elaborated in detail below.

[0021] Specifically, refer to Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, a plurality of sampling ends 4 are provided on the outer edge of the mold body, and the distance between two adjacent sampling ends 4 is equal, and the distance between each sampling end 4 and the center point of the mold body is the same. When the aluminum liquid enters the cavity 3 from the pouring cup 31, it will be evenly dispersed into the plurality of sampling ends 4. In order to facilitate the temperature monitoring of various parts of the casting in the cavity 3, a sensor mounting unit is also included. The sensor mounting unit includes a plurality of mounting holes provided on the sampling end 4 for mounting a temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature change of the casting in the cavity 3. A cooling mechanism is also provided on the sensor mounting unit for The casting is cooled down, and the temperature sensor 41 is electrically connected to the controller 5. The output end of the controller 5 is connected to the cooling mechanism, which is used to control the cooling mechanism to adjust the cooling rate after receiving the signal from the temperature sensor 41. When in use, the calibrated temperature sensor 41 is first installed in the mounting hole, and the temperature of the casting in the cavity 3 is detected from different parts, and the detection result is transmitted to the controller 5. The controller 5 controls the cooling mechanism of each sampling end 4 to adjust the cooling rate according to the temperature data, ensuring that the casting maintains a preset cooling rate during the cooling process to reduce internal stress and defects caused by temperature fluctuations.

[0022] Among them, the temperature sensor 41 can adopt a K-type thermocouple, which measures temperature changes based on the thermoelectric effect between two different metal conductors. The temperature sensor 41 is installed at a specific position inside the mold body to monitor the temperature changes of the casting during the casting process in real time. The data of the K-type thermocouple can provide support for precise control of the cooling process, thereby improving the quality of the casting.

[0023] Further, see Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the sensor mounting unit includes a plurality of first position mounting holes 6 opened on the sampling end 4 of the upper die base 1 and a plurality of second position mounting holes 61 opened on the sampling end 4 of the lower die base 2. The temperature sensors 41 installed in the first position mounting holes 6 and the second position mounting holes 61 can detect the upper and lower temperatures of the casting, and a plurality of half-slots are opened on the opposite surfaces of the sampling end 4 of the upper die base 1 and the sampling end 4 of the lower die group. When the upper die base 1 and the lower die base 2 are molded together, a third position mounting hole 62 is formed between the two half-slots. The temperature sensor 41 in the third position mounting hole 62 can detect the temperature of the middle part of the casting, thereby performing all-round and refined real-time monitoring of the temperature changes during the casting process.

[0024] Furthermore, the sensor mounting unit further includes a central mounting hole 63 opened at the center of the upper die base 1. The temperature sensor 41 in the central mounting hole 63 is used to measure the inlet temperature of the aluminum liquid when it enters the cavity 3 to ensure that the initial temperature control is accurate. Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, taking the case where the number of the first position mounting holes 6 and the second position mounting holes 61 on each sampling end 4 is three, and the number of the third position mounting holes 62 is also three, the number of sampling ends 4 is set to five groups, and each group of sampling ends 4 is provided with 9 temperature sensors 41, which match the temperature sensor 41 at the position of the central mounting hole 63. A total of 46 temperature sensors 41 are provided on the entire mold body. By real-time acquisition of the temperature-time curves of the five sampling positions, the cooling process inside the casting is monitored in real time, thereby obtaining the corresponding relationship between the temperature and the structure and its mechanical properties of the upper side of the five specimens, the inside of the casting, and the lower side.

[0025] After the casting is condensed and solidified and taken out, multiple test specimens are obtained by cutting and sampling the casting in multiple sampling ends 4, which is convenient for subsequent mechanical property testing and microstructure analysis, and provides strong data support for quality inspection and cooling parameter optimization of castings, so that quality tracking and control can be carried out at each stage of the production process.

[0026] Reference Figure 4 As shown, it is the first embodiment provided by the present invention: the cooling mechanism is an air-cooling cooling groove 42 opened on the sampling end 4. When cooling, air is used as a cooling medium to take away the heat of the casting. When the air flows through the air-cooling cooling groove 42, the heat will be transferred from the mold body with a higher temperature and the surface of the casting to the air with a lower temperature. During the low-pressure casting process, the casting solidifies and forms in the mold body, which will release a large amount of heat. The air-cooling cooling groove 42 on the mold body can guide the air flow and accelerate the heat dissipation. A ventilation device for blowing air, such as a fan, etc. (not shown in the figure) can be provided on each sampling end 4. When the temperature sensor 41 monitors the internal temperature of the casting When the falling speed is faster than the ideal cooling curve, that is, the cooling rate is too high, the cooling rate can be reduced by reducing the ventilation volume of the air-cooled cooling tank 42, and this can be achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the ventilation equipment. For example, if the original fan speed is 2000 rpm, in order to reduce the cooling rate, the fan speed can be reduced to 1000 rpm. In this way, the air flow through the cooling tank is reduced, and the heat taken away is also reduced accordingly, thereby slowing down the cooling speed of the casting. In addition, according to the monitoring data of the temperature sensor 41, if it is found that the temperature changes of the castings at different sampling ends 4 are inconsistent, the air-cooled cooling tank 42 can also be zoned by controlling the ventilation equipment in the corresponding sampling end 4.

[0027] Reference Figure 5As shown, it is a second embodiment provided by the present invention: the cooling mechanism is a cooling tube 43 arranged inside the sampling end 4, and the cooling tube 43 is connected to a water pump 44, one end of the cooling tube 43 can be connected to a container containing coolant, the cooling tube 43 runs through the sampling end 4, the coolant in the cooling tube 43 absorbs the heat of the mold body and the casting, and the coolant is circulated through the water pump 44. When adjusting the cooling rate, the flow rate of the coolant can be changed by adjusting the speed of the water pump 44. If the temperature sensor 41 detects that the cooling rate of the casting is too fast, the speed of the water pump 44 can be reduced to slow down the cooling speed. For example, the original speed of the water pump 44 is 3000 rpm, and the corresponding coolant flow rate is 10 liters / minute. After the speed of the water pump 44 is reduced to 1500 rpm, the coolant flow rate may be reduced to 5 liters / minute, so that the heat taken away per unit time is reduced, thereby reducing the cooling rate. Different from the first embodiment, For thin-walled castings or alloy components with high cooling rate requirements, water cooling can more effectively meet the requirements. Water cooling can quickly reduce the casting temperature to the appropriate crystallization temperature range to obtain an ideal microstructure. The cooling rate of air cooling is relatively slow and is suitable for castings with low cooling rate requirements or simple shapes, such as some large, thick-walled aluminum alloy castings. In order to avoid excessive internal stress and cracks caused by excessive cooling rate, the slow cooling method of air cooling may be more suitable. Due to the characteristics of air flow, the cooling rate may be faster in areas close to vents or on air flow paths, while in some corners or blocked areas, the cooling uniformity will be poor. Water cooling can better ensure the cooling uniformity of the mold and casting because the cooling pipe 43 can be flexibly designed. Through a reasonable layout of the cooling pipe 43, the temperature of each part of the casting can be reduced more evenly, but the manufacturing cost and difficulty may be relatively complicated compared to air cooling.

[0028] The invention also provides a method for implementing a mold for measuring internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting. The method is implemented based on the above-mentioned mold for measuring internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting. The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Install the temperature sensors 41 in the plurality of mounting holes and calibrate them; The specific implementation method of step one is as follows: S101: Prepare the mold A low-pressure casting mold that has been designed and manufactured is used. The mold is equipped with multiple temperature sensors 41 (such as K-type thermocouples). The temperature sensors 41 should be evenly distributed in key parts of the casting (such as different thickness areas of the casting, near the cooling pipe 43, etc.) to ensure that the temperature changes during the cooling process can be fully monitored.

[0029] S102: Calibrate sensor All temperature sensors 41 in the mold body are calibrated to ensure that the readings of the temperature sensors 41 are accurate and reliable. This step includes verifying the function of each temperature sensor 41 to ensure that it works normally and can accurately record temperature data. At the same time, preliminary tests are performed to confirm the stability and effectiveness of the data acquisition system.

[0030] Step 2: setting experimental parameters and adjusting the cooling system according to the temperature detection values ​​of the multiple temperature sensors 41; The specific implementation method of step 2 is as follows: S201: Define experimental parameters Set the key parameters in the casting process, including casting temperature, injection pressure, cooling rate, etc. The experiment should set multiple cooling rates (such as 5°C / s, 10°C / s and 15°C / s) to study the effect of different cooling rates on the properties of the casting.

[0031] S202: Adjust the cooling system According to the experimental needs, adjust the cooling system of the mold body (such as the flow rate, temperature and cooling time of the cooling water) to achieve the predetermined cooling rate, ensure that the cooling system can evenly distribute the cooling medium in the mold, and accurately control the temperature change in each area.

[0032] Step 3: Record and analyze the temperature data of multiple temperature sensors 41 in real time; The specific implementation method of step three is as follows: S301: Real-time recording of temperature data During the casting process, the system will record the temperature-time data curves from 46 temperature sensors 41 in real time. These data will reflect the temperature changes of the casting during the entire cooling process and help evaluate the solidification rate at different cooling rates.

[0033] S302: Data Analysis and Evaluation The collected temperature data were analyzed to evaluate the temperature distribution inside the mold body at different cooling rates. The effect of the cooling process on the solidification rate of the casting was evaluated by analyzing the temperature field, and the relationship between the cooling rate and the microstructure of the casting was derived.

[0034] Step 4: Conduct mechanical properties testing and microstructure analysis; S401: Cutting standard specimens and performing mechanical tests Standard specimens were cut from aluminum alloy castings cast at different cooling rates and subjected to conventional mechanical property tests, such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, to evaluate the effects of different cooling rates on the mechanical properties of castings.

[0035] S402: Microstructural Characterization The microstructure of the castings was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focusing on grain size, grain distribution, and possible defects (such as pores, cold shuts, etc.). Through these analyses, the effects of different cooling rates on the internal structure of the castings were further evaluated. Step 5: Optimize the process based on the experimental results and feed back to production.

[0036] S501: Process parameter adjustment According to the experimental results, the casting process parameters (such as casting temperature, pressure, cooling rate, etc.) are adjusted to optimize the mechanical properties and microstructure of the casting. By fine-tuning these parameters, better casting quality can be achieved, especially in improving the internal uniformity and structural integrity of the casting.

[0037] S502: Feedback and report preparation Prepare a detailed experimental report to summarize the effects of different cooling rates on casting quality, performance and microstructure. Based on the data in the report, further optimize the parameter settings in the production process to ensure that aluminum alloy castings that meet quality standards can be stably produced in actual production.

[0038] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings, characterized in that: include; A mold body, the mold body comprising an upper mold base (1) and a lower mold base (2) arranged opposite to each other in the upper and lower directions, when the upper mold base (1) and the lower mold base (2) are closed, a mold cavity (3) is defined between the upper mold base (1) and the lower mold base (2), the mold cavity (3) is used to contain aluminum liquid for casting, and a pouring cup (31) is provided at the center of the lower mold base (2) for the aluminum liquid to enter the mold cavity (3); The sampling ends (4) are multiple in number and are all arranged on the outer edge of the mold body, the distance between two adjacent sampling ends (4) is equal, and the distance between each sampling end (4) and the center point of the mold body is the same. A sensor mounting unit, the sensor mounting unit comprising a plurality of mounting holes provided on the sampling end (4) and used for mounting a temperature sensor (41) for detecting temperature changes of the casting in the cavity (3); A cooling mechanism, the cooling mechanism being arranged on the sampling end (4) and being used to cool the casting; A controller (5), wherein the input end of the controller (5) is connected to the temperature sensor (41), and the output end is connected to the cooling mechanism, and is used to control the cooling mechanism to adjust the cooling rate after receiving a signal from the temperature sensor (41).

2. A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor mounting unit comprises a plurality of first position mounting holes (6) formed on the sampling end (4) of the upper die base (1) and a plurality of second position mounting holes (61) formed on the sampling end (4) of the lower die base (2), and a plurality of half-slots are formed on the opposing surfaces of the sampling end (4) of the upper die base (1) and the sampling end (4) of the lower die base, and when the upper die base (1) and the lower die base (2) are molded together, a third position mounting hole (62) is formed between two of the half-slots.

3. A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor mounting unit further comprises a central mounting hole (63) opened at the center of the upper mold base (1), and the temperature sensor (41) in the central mounting hole (63) is used to measure the inlet temperature of the aluminum liquid when it enters the mold cavity (3), so as to ensure accurate initial temperature control.

4. A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low-pressure castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism is an air-cooling cooling slot (42) provided on the sampling end (4).

5. A mold for measuring internal cooling data of low pressure castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism is a cooling pipe (43) arranged inside the sampling end (4), and a water pump (44) is connected to the cooling pipe (43).

6. A method for measuring the internal cooling data of a low-pressure casting mold, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: installing temperature sensors (41) in a plurality of mounting holes and calibrating them; S2: setting experimental parameters and adjusting the cooling system according to the temperature detection values ​​of the multiple temperature sensors (41); S3: recording and analyzing temperature data of multiple temperature sensors (41) in real time; S4: Conduct mechanical property tests and microstructure analysis; S5: Optimize the process based on the experimental results and feed back to production.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Step 1: installing temperature sensors (41) in a plurality of mounting holes and calibrating them; The specific implementation method of step one is as follows: S101: Prepare the mold Using a designed and manufactured low-pressure casting mold, the mold is equipped with a plurality of temperature sensors (41), and the temperature sensors (41) should be evenly distributed at key positions of the casting to ensure that the temperature changes during the cooling process can be fully monitored; S102: Calibrate sensor Calibrate all temperature sensors (41) in the mold body to ensure that the readings of the temperature sensors (41) are accurate and reliable. This step includes verifying the function of each temperature sensor (41) to ensure that it works properly and can accurately record temperature data, and performing preliminary tests to confirm the stability and effectiveness of the data acquisition system; Step 2: setting experimental parameters and adjusting the cooling system according to the temperature detection values ​​of the multiple temperature sensors (41); The specific implementation method of step 2 is as follows: S201: Define experimental parameters Set the key parameters in the casting process, including casting temperature, injection pressure, cooling rate, etc. The experiment should set multiple cooling rates to study the effects of different cooling rates on casting properties; S202: Adjust the cooling system According to the experimental needs, adjust the cooling system of the mold body to achieve the predetermined cooling rate, ensure that the cooling system can evenly distribute the cooling medium in the mold, and accurately control the temperature change in each area; Step 3: Recording temperature data of multiple temperature sensors (41) in real time and analyzing them; The specific implementation method of step three is as follows: S301: Real-time recording of temperature data During the casting process, the system will record the temperature-time data curve from 46 temperature sensors (41) in real time. These data will reflect the temperature changes of the casting during the entire cooling process and help evaluate the solidification rate under different cooling rates; S302: Data Analysis and Evaluation Analyze the collected temperature data to evaluate the temperature distribution in the mold body at different cooling rates. By analyzing the temperature field, evaluate the effect of the cooling process on the solidification rate of the casting, and derive the relationship between the cooling rate and the microstructure of the casting. Step 4: Conduct mechanical properties test and microstructure analysis; S401: Cutting standard specimens and performing mechanical tests Standard specimens were cut from aluminum alloy castings cast at different cooling rates and subjected to conventional mechanical property tests, such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, to evaluate the effects of different cooling rates on the mechanical properties of castings. S402: Microstructural Characterization The microstructure of the castings was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, focusing on grain size, grain distribution, and possible defects. Through these analyses, the effects of different cooling rates on the internal structure of the castings were further evaluated. Step 5: Optimize the process based on the experimental results and feed back to production; S501: Process parameter adjustment According to the experimental results, the casting process parameters are adjusted to optimize the mechanical properties and microstructure of the castings; By fine-tuning these parameters, better casting quality can be achieved, especially in terms of improving the internal uniformity and structural integrity of the casting; S502: Feedback and report preparation Prepare a detailed experimental report to summarize the effects of different cooling rates on casting quality, performance and microstructure. Based on the data in the report, adjust the parameter settings in the production process to ensure that aluminum alloy castings that meet quality standards can be stably produced in actual production.

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