A laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing piece welding, especially to a laser welding method for metal 3D printing piece, which adjusts the size of laser welding cladding according to the requirements of the workpiece, so as to carry out welding work more precisely and efficiently. During the welding work, the welding plate and the extension plate can be spliced by using the expansion assembly according to the size requirements of the workpiece, so that the overall welding range is increased, which is suitable for welding more workpieces, and the welding plate does not need to be replaced, thereby improving the overall processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal 3D printing welding technology, and more particularly to a laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts. Background Technology

[0002] Metal 3D laser welding is an advanced manufacturing process that combines additive manufacturing and laser welding technology. Metal 3D printed parts have complex geometries and high precision requirements, so it is difficult to manufacture metal 3D printed parts without any discrepancies using conventional manufacturing methods. Common metal 3D printing technologies include selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). When performing metal 3D printing, specialized printing technologies and methods can significantly improve the manufacturing efficiency and yield of complex metal parts.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, when welding 3D metal printed parts, it is difficult to adapt the size of the laser cladding to the size of the 3D metal printed parts. At the same time, it is also impossible to quickly adjust and replace the welding platform according to the size of the 3D metal printed parts, and the ease of operation and processing efficiency cannot be guaranteed.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, a solution is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts. Based on the rapid adjustment of the size of the laser cladding, the welding plate is also rapidly spliced ​​and extended, thus making it suitable for welding parts of different sizes and solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, Preparation of cladding powder: Start the pump in the cladding welding equipment to transport the required powder into the conveying pipe;

[0008] Step 2, welding plate extension operation: The welding plate is lifted by the extension component, and at the same time the two extension plates on both sides move to both sides of the welding plate in conjunction with the guide slide and the third guide slider. When the two extension plates have moved completely to both sides of the welding plate, the welding plate falls back and combines with the two extension plates to form a larger spliced ​​welding plate.

[0009] Step 3, position adjustment operation: The fourth motor, in conjunction with the second synchronous belt and the second synchronous pulley, and relying on the limiting effect of the second slide rod, drives the moving plate to move along the Z-axis, and in conjunction with the first motor, drives the cladding adjustment mechanism to move along the Y-axis through the first lead screw, and the second motor, in conjunction with the first synchronous pulley and the first synchronous belt, and relying on the limiting effect of the first slide rod, drives the cladding adjustment mechanism to move along the X-axis.

[0010] Step 4, cladding welding operation: The laser generator is moved to a suitable position, and the third motor is started to drive the second lead screw to rotate. This, in conjunction with the screw sleeve, drives the collar to rise and fall. The rise and fall of the collar drives the first connecting rod to swing, which in turn drives the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding tube. By adjusting the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding tube, the size range of laser cladding is controlled, and finally, the metal 3D printed part after laser welding is obtained.

[0011] This invention is implemented using a cladding welding equipment, which includes a base. Support frames are fixed to both sides of the base. Two first lead screws are symmetrically rotatably connected to both sides of the support frames. A first motor is fixed to the bottom of each first lead screw, and a mounting frame is sleeved on the outer layer of each first lead screw. Two first slide rods are fixed between the two mounting frames. A first slider is sleeved on the outer layer of each of the two first slide rods. A cladding adjustment mechanism is installed at the front end of the first slider, and a first synchronous belt is fixed inside the first slider. First synchronous pulleys are rotatably sleeved on both sides of the first synchronous belt, and a second motor fixed to the surface of the mounting frame is connected to the rear end of one of the first synchronous pulleys.

[0012] The base has a welding plate inside, and a movable plate is located below the welding plate. An extension component is installed between the movable plate and the welding plate. Two second sliders are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the bottom of the movable plate. A second sliding rod fixed inside the base passes through the interior of the second slider. A second synchronous belt is fixed to the bottom of the movable plate. Two second synchronous pulleys rotatably connected to the interior of the base are symmetrically arranged at the front and rear ends of the second synchronous belt. A fourth motor is fixed to one side of the second synchronous pulley.

[0013] Furthermore, the cladding adjustment mechanism includes a laser generator fixed to the front end of the first slider, a storage box fixed to the top of the laser generator, a conveying pipe fixed to the top of the storage box, a pump fixed to the upper surface of the support frame connected to the conveying pipe, two fixing plates fixed to one side of the outer layer of the laser generator, a second lead screw rotatably connected between the two fixing plates, a third motor fixed to the top of the second lead screw extending through and to the outside of the fixing plate, and a threaded sleeve fitted to the outer layer of the second lead screw, with a collar fitted to the outer layer of the laser generator fixed to one side of the threaded sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer layer of the collar and the bottom of the outer layer of the laser generator are equidistantly rotatably connected by three first connecting rods. One side of the two first connecting rods on the same side is rotatably connected to a powder feeding pipe. The powder feeding pipe is connected to the storage box through a transmission pipe. The bottom of the laser generator is provided with a dust cover at the position corresponding to the powder feeding pipe. The upper surface of the dust cover is provided with a first through groove at the position corresponding to the powder feeding pipe. The dust cover and the laser generator are fixed together by a connecting plate, and a disassembly assembly is installed between the dust cover and the laser generator.

[0015] Furthermore, the extension component includes a fifth motor fixed inside the movable plate. The transmission end of the fifth motor is fixed with a rotating cylinder rotatably connected inside the movable plate. The top of the rotating cylinder extends through and out of the movable plate, and two second through slots are symmetrically opened on both sides of the bottom of the rotating cylinder at positions corresponding to the upper surface of the movable plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a fixing ring is fixed inside the rotating cylinder, and a third sliding groove separates the rotating cylinder from the fixing ring. Two support columns are symmetrically slidably connected on both sides of the inner side of the third sliding groove. Two conical blocks are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer layer of the support columns. Conical grooves are opened on both sides of the upper surface of the rotating cylinder and the fixing ring at the positions corresponding to the conical blocks.

[0017] Furthermore, a third spring is fixed at the bottom of the support column, and the top of the support column is fixed to the bottom of the welding plate. A fixing sleeve that is sleeved on the outside of the third spring is fixed on the upper surface of the movable plate at the position corresponding to the third spring.

[0018] Furthermore, two second connecting rods are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer layer of the rotating cylinder. An auxiliary support rod is slidably connected inside the second connecting rod, and a rubber pad and a second spring are respectively fixed at both ends of the auxiliary support rod.

[0019] Furthermore, a curved rod is rotatably connected to one side of the second connecting rod, and an extension plate is rotatably connected to the top of one side of the curved rod at a position below the welding plate. Two third sliders are symmetrically fixed at the front and rear ends of the extension plate, penetrating and extending into the interior of the moving plate. A guide groove is provided on the upper surface of the moving plate at the position corresponding to the third slider.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention achieves welding through a cladding adjustment mechanism. When printing and welding the workpiece, a third motor works in conjunction with a second motor to move the screw sleeve. The movement of the screw sleeve drives the ring to rise and fall. At the same time, the connecting rod on the outer layer of the ring and the connecting rod at the bottom of the laser generator swing together, thereby causing the bottom angle of the powder feeding tube to shift, thus adjusting the size of the cladding. The size can be adjusted at any time according to the welding requirements of the workpiece.

[0022] 2. The present invention is provided with an extension component, which is driven by a fifth motor to rotate the drum, thereby driving the two conical grooves to rotate. When the conical grooves just begin to rotate, the conical block moves out of the conical groove and moves up a certain distance. This supports the column to drive the welding plate to move up. As the drum continues to rotate, it drives the extension plate to move horizontally in conjunction with the third slider and the third guide groove. When the extension plate moves to both sides of the welding plate, the conical block just returns to the inside of the conical groove and descends a certain distance. The support column drives the welding plate to descend and splice it with the two extension plates to form a whole, so as to facilitate the welding of larger workpieces. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cladding adjustment mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a combined view of the second link and the dust cover of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a top view of the interior of the dust cover of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a combined view of the welding plate and the movable plate of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extended component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating drum of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a combined view of the rotating drum and the moving plate of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1. Base; 2. Moving plate; 3. Welding plate; 4. First motor; 5. First lead screw; 6. First synchronous pulley; 7. Second motor; 8. First slider; 9. Support frame; 10. Pump; 11. Feed pipe; 12. First slide bar; 13. First synchronous belt; 14. Mounting frame; 15. Cladding adjustment mechanism; 16. Storage box; 17. Third motor; 18. Second lead screw; 19. Screw sleeve; 20. Fixing plate; 21. Powder feeding pipe; 22. Connecting plate; 23. Dust cover; 24. Disassembly assembly; 25. First through slot; 26. First connecting rod; 27. Collar; 28. Laser generator; 29. 30. First spring; 31. Limiting slider; 32. Limiting groove; 33. Locking block; 34. Locking slot; 35. Paddle; 36. Extension assembly; 37. Guide groove; 38. Second slider; 39. Second synchronous belt; 40. Second synchronous pulley; 41. Fourth motor; 42. Second slide rod; 43. Extension plate; 44. Curved rod; 45. Auxiliary support rod; 46. Second connecting rod; 47. Rotary drum; 48. Fixed ring; 49. Second spring; 50. Support column; 51. Second through groove; 52. Third groove; 53. Conical block; 54. Conical groove; 55. Third spring; 56. Fifth motor; 57. Fixed sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1: This addresses the technical deficiency in existing technologies where it is difficult to adaptively adjust the size of laser cladding according to the dimensions of 3D metal printed parts during welding.

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment proposes a laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts, which is achieved by using a cladding welding equipment. The cladding welding equipment includes a base 1, with a support frame 9 fixed on both sides of the base 1. Two first lead screws 5 are symmetrically rotatably connected to both sides of the support frame 9. A first motor 4 is fixed to the bottom of the first lead screw 5. The first motor 4 drives the first lead screw 5 to rotate, thereby driving the cladding adjustment mechanism 15 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the position of the cladding adjustment mechanism 15. A mounting frame 14 is sleeved on the outer layer of the first lead screw 5. Two first slide rods 12 are fixed between the two mounting frames 14. A first slider 8 is sleeved on the outer layer of the two first slide rods 12. The cladding adjustment mechanism 15 is installed at the front end of the first slider 8.

[0036] The cladding adjustment mechanism 15 includes a laser generator 28 fixed to the front end of the first slider 8. The laser generator 28 is a fiber laser, and specific models include but are not limited to YLR-500-AC type laser, YLR-1000-AC type laser and FL1000 type laser. A storage box 16 is fixed to the top of the laser generator 28, and a conveying pipe 11 is fixed to the top of the storage box 16. A pump 10 fixed to the upper surface of the support frame 9 is connected to the conveying pipe 11. Two fixing plates 20 are fixed to one side of the outer layer of the laser generator 28, and a second lead screw 18 is rotatably connected between the two fixing plates 20.

[0037] The top of the second lead screw 18 extends through and to the outside of the fixed plate 20 where a third motor 17 is fixed. The outer layer of the second lead screw 18 is fitted with a screw sleeve 19. One side of the screw sleeve 19 is fixed with a collar 27 fitted to the outer layer of the laser generator 28. The collar 27 drives the three first connecting rods 26 to swing, and the swing of the three first connecting rods 26 at the bottom drives the bottom angle of the powder feeding tube 21 to shift, thereby adjusting the size of the cladding molding.

[0038] The outer layer of the collar 27 and the bottom of the outer layer of the laser generator 28 are equidistantly connected to three first connecting rods 26. The two first connecting rods 26 on the same side are rotatably connected to a powder feeding pipe 21. The powder feeding pipe 21 is connected to the storage box 16 through a transmission pipe. A dust cover 23 is provided at the bottom of the laser generator 28 corresponding to the position of the powder feeding pipe 21. A first through groove 25 is opened on the upper surface of the dust cover 23 corresponding to the position of the powder feeding pipe 21. The dust cover 23 and the laser generator 28 are fixed together by a connecting plate 22. A disassembly assembly 24 is installed between the dust cover 23 and the laser generator 28.

[0039] The first slider 8 has a first synchronous belt 13 fixed inside. The first synchronous belt 13 has two sides that are rotatably connected to the first synchronous pulley 6. The rear end of one of the first synchronous pulleys 6 is connected to a second motor 7 fixed to the surface of the mounting bracket 14. The second motor 7 works with the first synchronous pulley 6 and the first synchronous belt 13, and the first slider 8 is driven to move along the first slide rod 12 by the guiding effect of the first slide rod 12.

[0040] The second motor 7 works in conjunction with the first synchronous pulley 6 and the first synchronous belt 13, and the first slider 8 is driven to move along the first slider 12 by the guiding effect of the first slider 12. The first motor 4 drives the first lead screw 5 to rotate, thereby driving the cladding adjustment mechanism 15 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the position of the cladding adjustment mechanism 15. After the position is set, the laser generator 28 is started to emit laser, and at the same time, the powder material is drawn out and discharged from the storage box 16 through the powder feeding pipe 21. The two work together to perform the powder cladding molding work.

[0041] During the cladding process, the second lead screw 18 is rotated by the third motor 17. The rotation of the second lead screw 18 causes the screw sleeve 19 to rise and fall, which in turn causes the collar 27 to rise and fall. The collar 27 drives the three first connecting rods 26 to swing, and the swing of the three first connecting rods 26 at the bottom causes the bottom angle of the powder feeding pipe 21 to shift, thereby adjusting the size of the cladding.

[0042] Example 2: Addressing the technical defect of dust scattering freely during the welding of 3D metal printed parts in the prior art.

[0043] like Figure 3-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a disassembly assembly 24 installed between the dust cover 23 and the laser generator 28. The disassembly assembly 24 is defined as three limiting slide grooves 31 equidistantly opened inside the dust cover 23. Two limiting sliders 30 are symmetrically slidably connected on both sides of the inside of the limiting slide grooves 31. A first spring 29 and a locking block 32 are respectively fixed on both sides of the limiting sliders 30.

[0044] The first spring 29 resets the limiting slider 30, thereby ensuring the engagement between the locking block 32 and the locking groove 33. The upper surface of the limiting slider 30 is fixed with a paddle 34 that penetrates and extends to the outside of the limiting groove 31. The bottom sides of the connecting plate 22 are provided with locking grooves 33 corresponding to the positions of the locking block 32. The upper surface of the dust cover 23 is provided with slots corresponding to the positions of the connecting plate 22.

[0045] When excessive powder accumulates inside the dust cover 23, potentially causing blockage, the lever 34 is moved to move the limit slider 30, thereby moving the locking block 32 out of the slot 33, releasing the engagement between the connecting plate 22 and the dust cover 23. The dust cover 23 can then be removed to clean the excessive powder accumulated inside, preventing further blockages that could prevent welding from continuing. At the same time, the dust cover 23 also prevents excessive powder loss and dispersion.

[0046] Example 3: This example addresses the technical deficiency in the prior art where the welding platform cannot be quickly adjusted or replaced according to the size of the 3D metal printed parts during welding.

[0047] like Figure 5-8 As shown, this embodiment also provides an extension component 35, which includes a fifth motor 55 fixed inside the movable plate 2. The transmission end of the fifth motor 55 is fixed with a rotating cylinder 46 rotatably connected inside the movable plate 2. The top end of the rotating cylinder 46 penetrates and extends to the outside of the movable plate 2, and two second through slots 50 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the bottom of the rotating cylinder 46 at positions corresponding to the upper surface of the movable plate 2.

[0048] A fixing ring 47 is fixed inside the rotating cylinder 46. A third sliding groove 51 separates the rotating cylinder 46 and the fixing ring 47. Two support columns 49 are symmetrically slidably connected on both sides inside the third sliding groove 51. Two conical blocks 52 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer layer of the support columns 49. Conical grooves 53 are opened on both sides of the upper surface of the rotating cylinder 46 and the fixing ring 47 at the positions corresponding to the conical blocks 52. As the conical grooves 53 rotate, they drive the conical blocks 52 to rise. A third spring 54 is fixed at the bottom of the support column 49, and the top of the support column 49 is fixed to the bottom of the welding plate 3, which drives the support column 49 to rise. As the support column 49 is lifted, the welding plate 3 also moves upward. A fixing sleeve 56 is fixed on the upper surface of the moving plate 2 at the position corresponding to the third spring 54 and sleeved on the outside of the third spring 54.

[0049] Two second connecting rods 45 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the outer layer of the rotating cylinder 46. When the rotating cylinder 46 rotates, it drives the second connecting rods 45 to rotate. An auxiliary support rod 44 is slidably sleeved inside the second connecting rod 45. Rubber pads and second springs 48 are fixed at both ends of the auxiliary support rod 44, respectively. The rubber pads buffer the falling welding plate 3 to avoid damage caused by excessive impact. A curved rod 43 is rotatably connected to one side of the second connecting rod 45. An extension plate 42 is rotatably connected to the top of one side of the curved rod 43 at the position below the welding plate 3. As the second connecting rod 45 rotates, it drives the curved rod 43 to rotate and extend, thereby driving the two extension plates 42 to move along the guide groove 36. Two third sliders that penetrate and extend into the interior of the moving plate 2 are symmetrically fixed at the front and rear ends of the extension plate 42. A guide groove 36 is opened on the upper surface of the moving plate 2 at the position corresponding to the third slider.

[0050] When the size of the workpiece to be welded and printed is too large, the fifth motor 55 is started to drive the rotating drum 46 to rotate. The rotating drum 46 drives the fixed ring 47 to rotate. At the same time, the four conical grooves 53 rotate synchronously. As the conical grooves 53 rotate, they drive the lifting conical block 52 to rise, and drive the support column 49 to rise. As the support column 49 is lifted, the welding plate 3 also moves upward.

[0051] As the rotating drum 46 rotates, it drives the second connecting rod 45 to rotate. As the second connecting rod 45 rotates, it drives the curved rod 43 to rotate and extend, thereby driving the two extension plates 42 to move along the guide groove 36. When the rotating drum 46 continues to rotate and the conical groove 53 rotates to the position of the conical block 52, the two extension plates 42 are exactly located on both sides of the welding plate 3. At the same time, the conical block 52 falls into the conical groove 53, causing the support column 49 to fall back under the pressure of the welding plate 3. During the fall, the welding plate 3 is buffered by the rebound force of the third spring 54 and the second spring 48.

[0052] Example 4: Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also proposes a laser welding method for metal 3D printed parts, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step 1, Preparation of cladding powder: Start the pump 10 in the cladding welding equipment to transport the required powder into the conveying pipe 11 through the conveying pipe 11;

[0054] Step 2, welding plate extension operation: The welding plate 3 is lifted by the extension component 35, and at the same time the two extension plates 42 are moved to both sides of the welding plate 3 in conjunction with the guide groove 36 and the third guide slider. When the two extension plates 42 have moved completely to both sides of the welding plate 3, the welding plate 3 falls back and combines with the two extension plates 42 to form a larger spliced ​​welding plate, which is used for welding larger parts.

[0055] Step 3, Position Adjustment Operation: The fourth motor 40, in conjunction with the second synchronous belt 38 and the second synchronous pulley 39, and relying on the limiting effect of the second slide rod 41, drives the moving plate 2 to move along the Z-axis. This is combined with the first motor 4, which drives the cladding adjustment mechanism 15 to move along the Y-axis via the first lead screw 5. The second motor 7, in conjunction with the first synchronous pulley 6 and the first synchronous belt 13, and relying on the limiting effect of the first slide rod 12, drives the cladding adjustment mechanism 15 to move along the X-axis. Through the coordinated movement of the three axes, welding work at different positions can be easily carried out.

[0056] Step 4, cladding welding operation: The laser generator 28 is moved to a suitable position, and the third motor 17 is started to drive the second lead screw 18 to rotate. This, in conjunction with the screw sleeve 19, drives the collar 27 to rise and fall. The rise and fall of the collar 27 drives the first connecting rod 26 to swing, which in turn drives the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding tube 21. By adjusting the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding tube 21, the size range of laser cladding is controlled so as to adjust according to the requirements of the part to be processed. Finally, the metal 3D printed part after laser welding assembly is obtained.

[0057] Finally, the following points should be noted: First, in the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "linkage" should be interpreted broadly, and can be mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components, or direct connections. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0058] Secondly: The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this invention. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other.

[0059] In conclusion, the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece, characterized by, The utility model relates to a cladding welding equipment processing realization, the cladding welding equipment includes base (1), both sides of base (1) are fixed with support frame (9) in common, both sides of support frame (9) are connected with two first lead screws (5) in symmetry, the bottom of first lead screw (5) is fixed with first motor (4), and the outer layer of first lead screw (5) is sleeved with mounting bracket (14), two first sliding rods (12) are fixed between two mounting bracket (14), the outer layer of two first sliding rods (12) is sleeved with first sliding block (8) in common, the front end of first sliding block (8) is installed with cladding adjusting mechanism (15), and first sliding block (8) is fixed with first synchronous belt (13) in the inside, both sides of first synchronous belt (13) are rotatably sleeved with first synchronous pulley (6) in the inside in common, and the rear end of one first synchronous pulley (6) is connected with second motor (7) fixed on the surface of mounting bracket (14), The inside of base (1) is provided with welding plate (3), the lower portion of welding plate (3) is provided with moving plate (2), expansion assembly (35) is installed between moving plate (2) and welding plate (3), and two second sliding blocks (37) are fixed on the both sides of the bottom of moving plate (2) in symmetry, the second sliding block (37) is penetrated by the second sliding rod (41) fixed in the inside of base (1), the bottom of moving plate (2) is fixed with second synchronous belt (38), two second synchronous pulleys (39) rotatably connected in the inside of base (1) are arranged on the both ends of second synchronous belt (38) in the inside in symmetry, and one side of second synchronous pulley (39) is fixed with fourth motor (40), The cladding adjusting mechanism (15) includes laser generator (28) fixed on the front end of first sliding block (8), the top of laser generator (28) is fixed with storage tank (16), the top of storage tank (16) is fixed with material conveying pipe (11), material conveying pipe (11) is connected with pump (10) fixed on the upper surface of support frame (9), one side of the outer layer of laser generator (28) is fixed with two fixed plates (20), second lead screw (18) is rotatably connected between two fixed plates (20), the top of second lead screw (18) is penetrated and extends to the outside of fixed plate (20) and is fixed with third motor (17), and the outer layer of second lead screw (18) is sleeved with screw sleeve (19), one side of screw sleeve (19) is fixed with sleeve ring (27) sleeved on the outer layer of laser generator (28); The outer layer of sleeve ring (27) and the outer layer bottom of laser generator (28) are rotatably connected with three first connecting rods (26) at equal distance, the side of two first connecting rods (26) on the same side is rotatably connected with powder feeding pipe (21), powder feeding pipe (21) and storage tank (16) are connected through transmission pipe, the position corresponding to powder feeding pipe (21) is provided with dust cover (23) on the bottom of laser generator (28), first through slot (25) is formed on the upper surface of dust cover (23) corresponding to the position of powder feeding pipe (21); The expansion assembly (35) comprises a fifth motor (55) fixed inside the moving plate (2), a rotating drum (46) fixed to the transmission end of the fifth motor (55) and rotatably connected to the inside of the moving plate (2), and two second connecting rods (45) fixed symmetrically on the outer layer of the rotating drum (46); One side of the second connecting rod (45) is rotatably connected with a curved rod (43), one side top end of the curved rod (43) is rotatably connected with an extension plate (42), the extension plate (42) is arranged below the welding plate (3), two third sliding blocks fixed symmetrically on the front and rear ends of the extension plate (42) extend through and into the inside of the moving plate (2), and a guide sliding groove (36) is formed on the upper surface of the moving plate (2) corresponding to the position of the third sliding block. The method comprises the following steps: Step one, cladding powder preparation operation: start the pump (10) in the cladding welding equipment to convey the required powder through the feed pipe (11) to the inside of the powder feeding pipe (21); Step two, welding plate extension operation: the welding plate (3) is lifted by the expansion assembly (35), and at the same time, the two extension plates (42) on both sides are moved to the two sides of the welding plate (3), when the two extension plates (42) are completely moved to the two sides of the welding plate (3), the welding plate (3) falls back, and the welding plate (3) and the two extension plates (42) are combined to form a larger spliced welding plate; Step three, position adjustment operation: the second synchronous belt (38) and the second synchronous wheel (39) are driven by the fourth motor (40), the moving plate (2) is linearly moved in the Z-axis direction by the limiting action of the second sliding rod (41), the cladding adjustment mechanism (15) is linearly moved in the Y-axis direction by the first motor (4) through the first lead screw (5), the first synchronous wheel (6) and the first synchronous belt (13) are driven by the second motor (7), and the cladding adjustment mechanism (15) is linearly moved in the X-axis direction by the limiting action of the first sliding rod (12); Step four, cladding welding operation: the laser generator (28) is moved to a suitable position, the second lead screw (18) is rotated by starting the third motor (17), the sleeve (27) is lifted by the screw sleeve (19), the first connecting rod (26) is swung by the lifting of the sleeve (27), and the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding pipe (21) is adjusted, the size range of the laser cladding is controlled by adjusting the angle of the bottom of the powder feeding pipe (21), and finally a metal 3D printed part after laser welding combination is processed.

2. The laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust cover (23) and the laser generator (28) are fixed through the connecting plate (22), and the dust cover (23) and the laser generator (28) are provided with a dismounting assembly (24).

3. The laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top end of the rotating drum (46) extends to the outside of the moving plate (2), and two second grooves (50) are symmetrically formed on the bottom of the rotating drum (46) corresponding to the positions on the upper surface of the moving plate (2).

4. The laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner part of the rotating drum (46) is fixed with a fixed ring (47), the rotating drum (46) and the fixed ring (47) are separated with a third sliding groove (51), the inner part of the third sliding groove (51) is symmetrically and slidably connected with two supporting columns (49), the outer layer of the supporting column (49) is symmetrically fixed with two taper blocks (52), and the upper surface of the rotating drum (46) and the fixed ring (47) is provided with a taper groove (53) at the position corresponding to the taper block (52).

5. The laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom end of the supporting column (49) is fixed with a third spring (54), the top end of the supporting column (49) is fixed with the bottom of the welding plate (3), and the upper surface of the moving plate (2) is fixed with a fixed sleeve (56) sleeved on the outer side of the third spring (54) at the position corresponding to the third spring (54).

6. The laser welding method for a metal 3D printed piece according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner part of the second connecting rod (45) is slidably sleeved with an auxiliary supporting rod (44), and the two ends of the auxiliary supporting rod (44) are respectively fixed with a rubber soft pad and a second spring (48).

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