Application of industrial waste on high-voltage electric porcelain

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric porcelain production, and particularly discloses application of industrial waste on high-voltage electric porcelain, S1, material preparation: taking 42-52 parts of industrial waste, 11-21 parts of Jiangjin soil, 1-3 parts of Yongchuan soil, 9-13 parts of quartz powder, 10-14 parts of Dongsheng soil, 6-10 parts of Jingyang soil, 1-3 parts of bauxite and 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar; the industrial waste is a solid obtained after solid-liquid separation of sewage in the manufacturing of electric porcelain, and the industrial waste contains 44 to 50 parts of SiO2, 38 to 44 parts of AI2O3 and 2.6 to 2.9 parts of K2O; s2, preparing a blank: treating the ingredients according to a flow of ball milling, sieving to remove iron, filter pressing, rough refining, aging and vacuum pugging to obtain the blank; s3, making the blank into a green body; and S4, glazing the green body, and sintering to obtain the disc-shaped suspension type electric porcelain. The scheme is used for solving the problem that industrial waste of an electric porcelain sewage station cannot be used for disc-shaped suspension type electric porcelain production of a high-voltage line at present.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electric porcelain production, and in particular to the use of industrial waste in high-voltage electric porcelain. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the national economy, the level of electrification is also improving, the status of electricity in the energy field is becoming more and more prominent, and electricity security has gradually become one of the core elements of the new energy security strategy.

[0003] In the current high-voltage power transmission, insulators are indispensable parts in the transmission line. A large amount of wastewater will be generated in the production of insulators. The wastewater will enter the factory's industrial wastewater treatment station for solid-liquid separation. The separated wastewater will enter the sewage treatment station, and the separated solid will be mud. After precipitation, this type of mud will be regularly transported away and treated as waste by professional environmental protection companies. The treatment of waste mud is also a considerable expense for production companies.

[0004] In the prior art, there is a patent announcement number CN102718467B, which is a line porcelain material formula and its manufacturing process. This public patent mentions that the sludge in the sewage during the porcelain manufacturing process is recycled and reused, and the sludge is mixed with Guangdong white mud, Zuoyun clay, and Houxi porcelain clay to produce porcelain as a porcelain material. However, the performance parameters reflected in this patent are mechanical damage of 30KN and 40KN, and the insulators verified by its test are PS-15 / 300 and SL-15 / 30. One of these two insulators is a post insulator / pin insulator, and the other is a double iron head porcelain rod insulator. These two types of insulators are solid in structure, so this type of insulator is more suitable for large current occasions, can support heavy-loaded cables and leads, and do not require high mechanical strength. Therefore, the requirements for porcelain materials are not high, and sludge with complex components can also be used in this type of porcelain.

[0005] However, for disc suspension insulators used in high-voltage transmission lines, due to the special structure of the disc suspension, its anti-pollution flashover performance can be met, so it has high requirements for mechanical strength and creepage distance, and can maintain good insulation performance under high voltage levels. This places high demands on porcelain materials. At present, there is a lack of industrial waste after sewage treatment applied to disc suspension porcelain; and for manufacturers focusing on the production of disc suspension insulators, the discarded industrial waste can only be transported away for treatment on a regular basis, and resource recycling has not been achieved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide an application of industrial waste in high-voltage insulators to solve the problem that industrial waste from insulator sewage stations cannot be used in the production of disc-shaped suspended insulators for high-voltage lines.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The invention discloses an application of industrial waste in high-voltage electric porcelain, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing ingredients: taking 42-52 parts of industrial waste, 11-21 parts of Jiangjin soil, 1-3 parts of Yongchuan soil, 9-13 parts of quartz powder, 10-14 parts of Dongsheng soil, 6-10 parts of Jingyang soil, 1-3 parts of bauxite, and 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar; the industrial waste is a solid obtained from solid-liquid separation of sewage in electric porcelain manufacturing, and the industrial waste contains 44-50 parts of SiO2, 38-44 parts of AI2O3, and 2.6-2.9 parts of K2O;

[0009] S2, making blanks: the ingredients are processed according to the process of ball milling - sieving iron removal - filter pressing - rough smelting - aging - vacuum slurry smelting to obtain blanks;

[0010] S3, forming the blank into a blank;

[0011] S4. After the green body is glazed, it is fired to obtain a disc-shaped suspended electric porcelain.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, in S3, the blank is made into a green body by first making a blank, then drying the blank in the shade, trimming the shade-dried blank, and then drying in the shade and drying to obtain a qualified green body.

[0013] Beneficial effect: When making a blank, the blank is made first and then trimmed, so that the size of the blank is more accurate and the surface quality is better.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the sludge also includes 0.8-1.2 parts of Fe2O3, 0.6-0.8 parts of TiO2, 0.5-0.8 parts of CaO, 0.3-0.5 parts of MgO, and 0.4-0.6 parts of Na2O.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the amount of Jiangjin soil in the batch is 14-18 parts.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the quartz powder in the ingredients is 10-12 parts.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the amount of Dongshengtu in the batching is 12-14 parts.

[0018] Preferably, as an improvement, the amount of Jingyang soil in the ingredients is 6-8 parts.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the disc-shaped suspension insulator produced in step S4 is used to make U70B and U120B insulators.

[0020] The present invention recycles and reuses the industrial waste obtained after solid-liquid separation of sewage in a mud-making workshop during the manufacture of electrical porcelain, and under the ratio of the industrial waste to other raw materials, electrical porcelain materials with higher quality than C120 medium-strength porcelain can be obtained, which not only realizes the transformation of waste into treasure, but also can greatly reduce the usage of flux raw materials (such as Jingyang soil) and barren raw materials (bauxite, potassium feldspar, quartz powder), thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of industrial waste and reducing the production cost of the enterprise.

[0021] The product obtained by the present invention has a pure porcelain flexural strength close to or even exceeding 110Mpa (in this industry, flexural strength is also called bending strength), and a flexural strength after glazing that exceeds 140MPa and even approaches or even exceeds 150MPa after white glazing. It is a medium-strength porcelain material obtained by applying industrial waste from sewage stations, and the medium-strength porcelain material is a good material for making high-voltage insulators such as U70B and U120B insulators. The U70B and U120B insulators made by the present invention can withstand mechanical damage loads of more than 100KN and more than 150KN, respectively, which not only ensures the excellent and stable performance of the insulators, but also breaks the situation in the prior art that industrial waste in sewage dare not be used for high-voltage electric porcelain.

[0022] In addition, since the industrial waste in the sewage is the solid particles in the sewage generated by the electric porcelain mud making workshop, the particles of the industrial waste are very fine. When all the raw materials are mixed and ball-milled, the proportion of fine particles in the entire mixture is relatively large. Especially when the number of industrial waste itself is large, the ball milling time can be shortened, thereby greatly reducing the ball milling time and energy consumption compared to the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention for using industrial waste in high voltage porcelain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0025] Example

[0026] The application of industrial waste in high-voltage electric porcelain includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Ingredients: 42-52 parts of industrial waste, 11-21 parts of Jiangjin soil, 1-3 parts of Yongchuan soil, 9-13 parts of quartz powder, 10-14 parts of Dongsheng soil, 6-10 parts of Jingyang soil, 1-3 parts of bauxite, and 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar; the industrial waste is the solid obtained after solid-liquid separation of sewage in the manufacture of electrical porcelain, and the chemical composition of the industrial waste is shown in Table 1 below.

[0028] Table 1 Chemical composition of industrial waste (mass percentage)

[0029] <![CDATA[SiO2]]> <![CDATA[AI2O3]]> <![CDATA[Fe2O3]]> <![CDATA[TiO2]]> CaO MgO <![CDATA[K2O]]> <![CDATA[Na2O]]> IL ％ ％ ％ ％ ％ ％ ％ ％ ％ 44～50 38～44 0.8～1.2 0.6～0.8 0.5～0.8 0.3～0.5 2.6～2.9 0.4～0.6 4.8～6.9

[0030] S2, making blanks: the ingredients are processed according to the process of ball milling-screening and iron removal-filter pressing-rough refining-aging-vacuum mud refining-head cutting to obtain blanks; the material: ball: water during ball milling = 1:2:1.2, and the iron is removed by screening after ball milling to remove iron impurities and coarse particles in the ingredients, and a sieve of not less than 250 mesh can be used for filtering; the rough refining of the mud cake can ensure the uniformity of industrial waste, improve the process performance of raw materials, and improve the process qualification rate; aging can make the electric porcelain blank made of the electric porcelain material reach the best forming moisture content, so as to reduce the deformation of the blank and ensure the dimensional accuracy of the blank after porcelainization; and the vacuum mud refining can improve the density of the center of the blank mud section in the later process;

[0031] S3. Form the blank into a blank body; the process of forming the blank body is divided into blank forming → shade drying → polished blank forming → shade drying → drying → dry blank inspection. Blanks that do not require glazing are directly put into the kiln for firing. Blanks that require glazing are glazed first and then fired.

[0032] S4, the green body is glazed and then fired to obtain electric porcelain.

[0033] Before the batching in S1, the industrial waste is stored and weathered until the industrial waste turns white.

[0034] In order to verify the specific effect of the above-mentioned insulator materials, the formula was adjusted several times. After each adjustment, the technical parameters were recorded. In the specific formula test, the main chemical composition of the raw materials used is shown in Table 2 below:

[0035] Table 2 Main chemical composition of raw materials (%)

[0036]

[0037] The specific test formula is shown in Table 3 below. This embodiment also takes the 7 formulas in the test. Among the raw materials used this time, the parts are expressed as percentages.

[0038] Table 3 Details of the 7-times formula

[0039]

[0040] The above formula and method are used for production and test verification. The test method is carried out in accordance with the "Test Methods for Inspection of Raw Materials and Process Control of Electrical Ceramics" of Xi'an Electrical Ceramics Research Institute. The test is uniformly carried out with a 50kg ball mill in the pilot room. The ball milling process adopts a single feed, and the material: ball: water = 1:2:1.2. The ball milling fineness is controlled to 250 mesh (≥0.063mm) and the sieve residue is 0.1-0.5%.

[0041] The following is the test data of formula 1:

[0042] Formula 1 Experimental Process Performance Test Data

[0043]

[0044] Formula 1 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0045]

[0046] Mechanical strength test data of formula 1

[0047]

[0048] The following is the test data of formula 2:

[0049] Formula 2 test process performance test data

[0050] Formula 2 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0051] Mechanical strength test data of formula 2

[0052] The following is the test data of formula three:

[0053] Formula 3 test process performance test data

[0054] Formula 3 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0055] Mechanical strength test data of formula 3

[0056] The following is the test data of formula 4:

[0057] Formula 4 Experimental Process Performance Test Data

[0058] Formula 4 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0059] Mechanical strength test data of formula 4

[0060] The following is the test data of formula 5:

[0061] Formula 5 Experimental Process Performance Test Data

[0062] Formula 5 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0063] Mechanical strength test data of formula 5

[0064] The following is the test data of formula six:

[0065] Formula 6 Experimental Process Performance Test Data

[0066] Formula 6 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0067] Mechanical strength test data of formula six test

[0068] The following is the test data of formula seven:

[0069] Formula 7 Experimental Process Performance Test Data

[0070] Formula 7 Test Porcelain Performance Test Data

[0071]

[0072] Mechanical strength test data of formula seven test

[0073]

[0074] Note: In the above 7 formulas, each judgment standard has been verified through multiple tests, and can be used with the same standards as the insulator materials designed without industrial waste in the production of enterprises, thereby reducing the difficulty of production management. And these standards cover the key indicators in each production process, among which the porcelain performance and mechanical strength directly determine the quality of insulator products, while the process performance affects the qualified rate in the production process, which can ensure that the qualified rate of the final production is stable at more than 92%.

[0075] In formula 1, in terms of process performance, the plasticity index, plasticity index and dry bending strength of the blank are all low, and slight red absorption occurs in the porcelain porosity test. The mechanical strength of the final product is still far from that of C120 medium-strength porcelain material.

[0076] In order to improve Formula 1, the inventors conducted experiments on Formula 2 in combination with the various test parameters of Formula 1, reducing the amounts of Jiangjin clay and potassium feldspar and increasing the amount of Dongsheng clay. It was found that the process performance of the blank was greatly improved on the basis of Formula 1, especially the dry bending strength of the blank could reach 7.28MPa, the porcelain performance was also greatly improved, and the porcelain porosity test did not absorb red. However, the final mechanical strength after firing was still far from the mechanical strength required for C120 medium-strength porcelain.

[0077] Compared with Formula 2, Formula 3 reduces the amount of Jiangjin clay, Yongchuan clay, and potassium feldspar, and slightly reduces the amount of Dongsheng clay, and increases the amount of quartz powder, bauxite and industrial waste. It is found that except for the significant decrease in plasticity index and dry bending strength of the blank, the other process properties are not very different from the overall porcelain properties, but there is a big difference in mechanical strength. The prepared products can meet the flexural strength requirements of C120 medium-strength porcelain of not less than 90MPa for pure porcelain and not less than 110MPa after glazing, and the white-glazed products can exceed 120MPa of bending strength, which meets the company's requirements for electrical porcelain materials used for high-voltage insulators.

[0078] Compared with Formula 3, Formula 4 continues to reduce the amount of Jiangjin soil, Yongchuan soil, and Dongsheng soil, and reduces the amount of Jingyang soil, and boldly increases the amount of industrial waste. Under this formula, although the dry bending strength of the green body is reduced again, its final mechanical properties can reach a flexural strength close to or even higher than 110MPa of pure porcelain, and the flexural strength exceeds 140MPa regardless of white glaze or brown glaze, especially after white glaze, the flexural strength is about 150MPa, which fully meets the company's high standards for medium-strength porcelain and can be put into production.

[0079] In order to ensure the stability of production process and product quality, it is necessary to verify the adaptability of the formula. Therefore, we conducted a fine-tuning test on the formula based on Formula 4, and conducted multiple tests including Formula 5, Formula 6 and Formula 7. All performances were still qualified, indicating that the formula has strong adaptability and high qualified rate, which is conducive to the production of electrical porcelain products.

[0080] After the above research, Formula 4 was used as a representative to produce a batch of U70BP / 146D and U120BP / 146D products, and 8 samples were randomly selected from the same batch of products for product performance tests in accordance with GB / T 1001.1-2021. The test results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below:

[0081] Table 4 U70BP / 146D spot check test report

[0082]

[0083] From the test of 8 randomly selected samples, it can be seen that the U70BP / 146D product made of formula 4 can achieve an average mechanical destructive load of 104.88KN on the basis of simultaneous electromechanical destructive tests, which is far more than 3 times the standard deviation requirement.

[0084] Table 5 U120BP / 146D spot check test report

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] From the tests of the 8 samples randomly selected, it can be seen that the U120BP / 146D product made by formula 4 can achieve an average mechanical destruction load of 153.5KN on the basis of simultaneous electromechanical destruction tests, which is far more than 3 times the standard deviation requirement. U70BP / 146D and U120BP / 146D are very typical disc-shaped suspension insulators used in high-voltage transmission lines. Therefore, it can be explained that this embodiment realizes the application of industrial waste in high-voltage porcelain.

[0088] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An application of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Ingredients: 42-52 parts of industrial waste, 11-21 parts of Jiangjin soil, 1-3 parts of Yongchuan soil, 9-13 parts of quartz powder, 10-14 parts of Dongsheng soil, 6-10 parts of Jingyang soil, 1-3 parts of bauxite, and 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar; the industrial waste is the solid obtained from the solid-liquid separation of sewage in the manufacture of electrical porcelain, and the industrial waste contains 44-50 parts of SiO2, 38-44 parts of AI2O3, and 2.6-2.9 parts of K2O; S2, making blanks: the ingredients are processed according to the process of ball milling - sieving iron removal - filter pressing - rough smelting - aging - vacuum slurry smelting to obtain blanks; S3, forming the blank into a blank; S4. After the green body is glazed, it is fired to obtain a disc-shaped suspended electric porcelain.

2. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the blank is made into a blank body by first making a blank, then drying the blank in the shade, trimming the blank after the shade drying, and then drying and drying the blank in the shade to obtain a qualified blank body.

3. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to claim 2, characterized in that: Industrial waste also includes 0.8-1.2 parts of Fe2O3, 0.6-0.8 parts of TiO2, 0.5-0.8 parts of CaO, 0.3-0.5 parts of MgO, and 0.4-0.6 parts of Na2O.

4. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The amount of Jiangjin soil in the ingredients is 14-18 parts.

5. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The amount of quartz powder in the ingredients is 10-12 parts.

6. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The ingredients of Middle Eastern Shengtu are 12-14 portions.

7. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The amount of Jingyang soil in the ingredients is 6-8 parts.

8. The use of industrial waste in high voltage porcelain according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The disc-shaped suspension insulator produced in step S4 is used to make U70B and U120B insulators.

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