Cow dung composting device capable of reducing nitrogen loss

Abstract

The cow dung composting device capable of reducing the nitrogen loss comprises a fermentation tank, a material opening is formed in the fermentation tank, the fermentation tank is rotationally connected into an outer sleeve, a first motor is in transmission connection with the fermentation tank, the outer sleeve is rotationally connected to a supporting mechanism, a second motor is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the second motor is in transmission connection with the outer sleeve; a temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to the screen plate, and an ammonia concentration sensor is fixedly connected into the fermentation tank; the gas-liquid discharge assembly comprises a first transfer box, the first transfer box is communicated with the fermentation tank through a first pipeline, the first pipeline is rotatably connected with the fermentation tank, a second pipeline is arranged on the first transfer box in a penetrating manner, the second pipeline is located in the first pipeline, the first transfer box is communicated with a collection box, and the second pipeline is communicated with a temperature-adjusting ventilation mechanism; the exhaust pump is communicated with an ammonia reaction mechanism. According to the invention, the formation of ammonia gas can be controlled in the cow dung fermentation process, and the formed ammonia gas can be collected and reacted, so that the loss of nitrogen element is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composting and fermentation devices, in particular to a cow dung composting device capable of reducing nitrogen loss. Background Art

[0002] Cow dung, as an important agricultural organic waste, is rich in organic matter and is a high-quality resource for improving soil and increasing soil fertility. However, the nitrogen content in cow dung is relatively low, containing only 0.3% to 0.45%, which is much lower than the nitrogen content in chicken manure and pig manure. This characteristic makes the loss of nitrogen in the fermentation process of cow dung a key issue. Since nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth, reducing nitrogen loss during cow dung composting is of great significance for improving compost quality and soil fertility. In the prior art, cow dung composting mostly adopts the traditional trough fermentation method. Although this method is simple to operate, it has problems such as incomplete fermentation, serious nutrient loss, and nitrogen loss.

[0003] Therefore, a cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cow dung composting device with reduced nitrogen loss, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and reduce the loss of nutrients and nitrogen elements in the fermentation composting process.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss, comprising:

[0006] A fermentation tank, wherein a material port is provided on the fermentation tank, a sealing cover is rotatably connected to the material port, a plurality of vents are provided on the sealing cover, the fermentation tank is rotatably connected in an outer sleeve, a first motor is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve, the first motor is transmission-connected to the fermentation tank, the outer sleeve is rotatably connected to a support mechanism, a second motor is provided on the support mechanism, the second motor is transmission-connected to the outer sleeve, a mesh plate is fixedly connected in the fermentation tank, a temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected on the mesh plate, and an ammonia concentration sensor is fixedly connected in the fermentation tank;

[0007] A gas-liquid discharge component, the gas-liquid discharge component includes a first transfer box, the first transfer box is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve, the first transfer box is connected to the fermentation tank through a first pipe, the first pipe is rotatably connected to the fermentation tank, a second pipe is passed through the first transfer box, the second pipe is located in the first pipe, the first transfer box is connected to a collection box, the collection box is connected to an exhaust pump, the second pipe is connected to a temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism, the collection box, the exhaust pump and the temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism are all fixedly connected to a fixed frame, and the exhaust pump is connected to an ammonia reaction mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the first transfer box is connected to the collection box through a first hose, the first transfer box is provided with a first outlet, the first outlet is provided on the side wall of the collection box near the bottom, the first outlet is installed with a first drain pipe, and the first drain pipe is installed with a first valve.

[0009] Preferably, the collecting box is provided with a first inlet and a second outlet, the first inlet and the second inlet are both provided at the top of the collecting box, the first hose is connected to the first inlet, the collecting box and the exhaust pump are connected through a first air pipe, and the first air pipe is connected to the second outlet.

[0010] Preferably, the ammonia reaction mechanism includes a pressure tank, the exhaust pump is connected to the pressure tank through a second air pipe, the second air pipe is equipped with a first one-way valve, the pressure tank is equipped with a pressure relief valve, the pressure tank is connected to a carbon dioxide air pipe, the carbon dioxide air pipe is connected to a carbon dioxide gas source, the carbon dioxide air pipe is equipped with a fourth one-way valve, a plurality of heating wires are installed in the side wall of the pressure tank, the pressure tank is provided with a third outlet, the third outlet is equipped with a second liquid discharge pipe, the second liquid discharge pipe is equipped with a second valve, and the pressure tank is fixedly connected to the fixed frame.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature-control ventilation mechanism includes a second transfer box, a hot air blower and a high-pressure blower, the second pipeline is connected to the second transfer box through a second hose, the hot air blower and the high-pressure blower are both connected to the second transfer box, and the second transfer box, the hot air blower and the high-pressure blower are fixedly connected to the fixed frame.

[0012] Preferably, the hot air blower is connected to the second transfer box through a third air pipe, a second one-way valve is installed on the third air pipe, and the high-pressure blower is connected to the second transfer box through a fourth air pipe, a third one-way valve is installed on the fourth air pipe.

[0013] Preferably, a first gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, a gear ring is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank, and the first gear is meshed with the gear ring.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of stirring rods are fixedly connected in the fermentation tank, a baffle is fixedly connected to the first pipe, and a plurality of through holes are opened on the first pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the fermentation tank and the outer sleeve are rotatably connected via a bearing, the support mechanism comprises two support plates, the support plates are fixedly connected to the base plate, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the support plate, a second gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor, a third gear is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the second gear is meshed with the third gear.

[0016] Preferably, a first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve, the first motor is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate, a second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the second motor is fixedly connected to the second connecting plate.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: in the device, a fermentation tank is used to ferment cow dung, and the cow dung is put into the fermentation tank through a material port. When the cow dung is put in, carbon-rich substances, such as straw, sawdust, etc., are also put in at the same time. After the materials are put in, a sealing cover is covered on the material port. The vent holes on the sealing cover facilitate ventilation inside the fermentation tank. Then, the fermentation tank is driven to rotate by a first motor to evenly stir the cow dung and the carbon-rich substances. When the fermentation tank rotates, all the materials inside are stirred, which can stir more fully and fully mix the cow dung and the carbon-rich substances to reduce the formation of ammonia during the fermentation process, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. The second motor can drive the outer sleeve to rotate on the supporting mechanism. When adding materials, the fermentation tank is in a horizontal state, which is convenient for adding materials to the material port. During the fermentation process, the fermentation tank is in a vertical state. There may be water flowing out, and the mesh plate can separate the fermented materials and water; the water will enter the first transfer box through the first pipeline, and the exhaust pump will extract the air in the collection box. Since the first transfer box is connected to the collection box, the water in the transfer box will be pumped into the collection box. When there is no water in the first transfer box, the gas in the fermenter can also be extracted, mainly to prevent the ammonia concentration from being too high; the second pipeline is fixedly connected to the first transfer box and extends into the fermenter. The temperature-adjusting and ventilation mechanism can blow air with a suitable temperature into the fermenter to adjust the temperature or oxygen concentration in the fermenter; the ammonia reaction mechanism can collect and react the ammonia extracted by the exhaust pump to reduce the emission of ammonia and the loss of nitrogen at the same time; the temperature and humidity sensor (not shown in the figure) is used to measure the temperature and humidity of the fermented cow dung, and the ammonia concentration sensor is used to measure the ammonia concentration in the fermenter. The present invention can control the formation of ammonia during the cow dung fermentation process, and can collect and react the ammonia that has been formed, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fermentation tank structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a fermentation tank in a vertical state according to the present invention;

[0022] Among them, 1. fermentation tank; 2. material port; 3. sealing cover; 4. vent hole; 5. outer sleeve; 6. first motor; 7. second motor; 8. mesh plate; 9. ammonia concentration sensor; 10. first transfer box; 11. first pipeline; 12. second pipeline; 13. collection box; 14. exhaust pump; 15. fixing frame; 16. first hose; 17. first drain pipe; 18. first valve; 19. first air pipe; 20. pressure tank; 21. second air pipe; 22. first one-way valve; 23. pressure relief valve; 24. carbon dioxide air pipe; 25. Fourth one-way valve; 26. Heating wire; 27. Second transfer box; 28. Hot air blower; 29. ​​High-pressure blower; 30. Second hose; 31. Third air pipe; 32. Second one-way valve; 33. Third one-way valve; 34. Gear ring; 35. Fourth air pipe; 36. Stirring rod; 37. Baffle; 38. Bearing; 39. Support plate; 40. Bottom plate; 41. Rotating shaft; 42. Second gear; 43. Third gear; 44. First connecting plate; 45. Second connecting plate; 46. Second valve; 47. First gear; 48. Through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-3The present invention provides a cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss, comprising:

[0026] A fermentation tank 1, wherein a material port 2 is provided on the fermentation tank 1, a sealing cover 3 is rotatably connected to the material port 2, a plurality of vent holes 4 are provided on the sealing cover 3, the fermentation tank 1 is rotatably connected in an outer sleeve 5, a first motor 6 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 5, the first motor 6 is transmission-connected to the fermentation tank 1, the outer sleeve 5 is rotatably connected to a supporting mechanism, a second motor 7 is provided on the supporting mechanism, the second motor 7 is transmission-connected to the outer sleeve 5, a mesh plate 8 is fixedly connected in the fermentation tank 1, a temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to the mesh plate 8, and an ammonia concentration sensor 9 is fixedly connected in the fermentation tank 1;

[0027] The gas-liquid discharge component includes a first transfer box 10, which is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 5. The first transfer box 10 is connected to the fermentation tank 1 through a first pipe 11, and the first pipe 11 is rotatably connected to the fermentation tank 1. The first transfer box 10 is penetrated by a second pipe 12, and the second pipe 12 is located in the first pipe 11. The first transfer box 10 is connected to a collecting box 13, and the collecting box 13 is connected to an exhaust pump 14. The second pipe 12 is connected to a temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism. The collecting box 13, the exhaust pump 14 and the temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism are all fixedly connected to a fixing frame 15, and the exhaust pump 14 is connected to an ammonia reaction mechanism.

[0028] In the present device, the fermentation tank 1 is used to ferment cow dung, and the cow dung is put into the fermentation tank 1 through the material port 2. When the cow dung is put in, carbon-rich substances such as straw, sawdust, etc. are also put in at the same time. After the materials are put in, the sealing cover 3 is covered on the material port 2. The vent 4 on the sealing cover 3 is convenient for ventilation inside the fermentation tank 1. Then the fermentation tank 1 is driven to rotate by the first motor 6 to evenly stir the cow dung and the carbon-rich substances. Since the fermentation tank 1 is rotatably connected to the outer sleeve 5, when the fermentation tank 1 rotates, all the materials inside will be stirred, which will stir more fully, so that the cow dung and the carbon-rich substances are fully mixed to reduce the formation of ammonia during the fermentation process, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. The second motor 7 can drive the outer sleeve 5 to rotate on the supporting mechanism. When adding materials, the fermentation tank 1 is in a horizontal state, which is convenient for adding materials to the material port 2. During the fermentation process, the fermentation tank 1 is in a vertical state, and water may flow out during the fermentation process. The mesh plate 8 can separate the fermented materials and water;

[0029] Water will enter the first transfer box 10 through the first pipe 11, and the exhaust pump 14 will extract the air in the collection box 13. Since the first transfer box 10 and the collection box 13 are connected, the water in the transfer box 10 will be pumped into the collection box 13. When there is no water in the first transfer box 10, the gas in the fermenter 1 can also be extracted, mainly to prevent the ammonia concentration from being too high; the second pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the first transfer box 10 and extends into the fermenter 1. The temperature control and ventilation mechanism can blow air with a suitable temperature into the fermenter 1 to adjust the temperature or oxygen concentration in the fermenter 1; the ammonia reaction mechanism can collect and react the ammonia extracted by the exhaust pump 14 to reduce the emission of ammonia and the loss of nitrogen; after the fermentation is completed, the material port 2 is downwardly facing the second motor 7, and the sealing cover 3 is opened to pour out the fermented cow dung; the temperature and humidity sensor temperature and humidity sensor (not shown in the figure) is used to measure the temperature and humidity of the fermented cow dung, and the ammonia concentration sensor 9 is used to measure the ammonia concentration in the fermenter 1.

[0030] A further optimized solution is that the first transfer box 10 is connected to the collection box 13 through a first hose 16. A first outlet is provided on the first transfer box 10. The first outlet is provided on the side wall of the collection box 13 near the bottom. A first drain pipe 17 is installed on the first outlet. A first valve 18 is installed on the first drain pipe 17.

[0031] The first liquid discharge pipe 17 is mainly used to discharge the liquid in the first transfer box 10 , and the first valve 18 is used to control the first liquid discharge pipe 17 .

[0032] According to a further optimization scheme, a first inlet and a second outlet are provided on the collecting box 13, and both the first inlet and the second inlet are provided at the top of the collecting box 13. The first hose 16 is connected to the first inlet, and the collecting box 13 and the exhaust pump 14 are connected through a first air pipe 19, and the first air pipe 19 is connected to the second outlet.

[0033] The liquid or gas in the first transfer box 16 enters the collection box 13 through the first hose 16 , and the gas in the first transfer box 10 is discharged through the second outlet. Since the second outlet is at the top, no liquid enters the exhaust pump 14 .

[0034] A further optimized solution is provided, in which the ammonia reaction mechanism comprises a pressure tank 20, the exhaust pump 14 is connected to the pressure tank 20 through a second air pipe 21, a first one-way valve 22 is installed on the second air pipe 21, a pressure relief valve 23 is installed on the pressure tank 20, the pressure tank 20 is connected to a carbon dioxide air pipe 24, the carbon dioxide air pipe 24 is connected to a carbon dioxide gas source, a fourth one-way valve 25 is installed on the carbon dioxide air pipe 24, a plurality of electric heating wires 26 are installed in the side wall of the pressure tank 20, a third outlet is opened on the pressure tank 20, a second liquid discharge pipe is installed on the third outlet, a second valve 46 is installed on the second liquid discharge pipe, and the pressure tank 20 is fixedly connected to the fixed frame 15.

[0035] The ammonia reaction mechanism is mainly used to convert ammonia into urea. The exhaust pump 14 blows the gas containing ammonia into the pressure tank 20. Water and catalyst can be added to the pressure tank 20 in advance. The carbon dioxide gas pipe 24 delivers carbon dioxide into the pressure tank 20. The first one-way valve 22 can prevent the gas in the pressure tank 20 from flowing back into the exhaust pump 14. The fourth one-way valve 25 can also prevent the gas from flowing back. The heating wire 26 can heat the temperature in the pressure tank 20 to promote the reaction. The temperature can be raised to the temperature required for the reaction.

[0036] A further optimized solution is that the temperature control ventilation mechanism includes a second transfer box 27, a hot air blower 28 and a high-pressure fan 29. The second pipeline 12 is connected to the second transfer box 27 through a second hose 30. The hot air blower 28 and the high-pressure fan 29 are both connected to the second transfer box 27. The second transfer box 27, the hot air blower 28 and the high-pressure fan 29 are fixedly connected to the fixed frame 15.

[0037] The hot air blower 28 can blow out hot air, and the high-pressure air blower 29 can blow out natural wind. The natural wind is mainly used to cool down the fermentation tank 1. When the temperature in the fermentation tank 1 needs to be adjusted, the outer sleeve 5 is driven by the second motor 7 to rotate, so that the fermentation tank 1 is in a horizontal state, and the fermentation tank 1 is driven to rotate by the first motor 6, and then the gas with the required temperature is introduced. The second transfer box 27 is convenient for mixing hot air and natural wind, and the temperature adjustment is more convenient.

[0038] According to a further optimization scheme, the hot air blower 28 is connected to the second transfer box 27 via a third air pipe 31 , on which a second one-way valve 32 is installed; the high-pressure blower 29 is connected to the second transfer box 27 via a fourth air pipe 35 , on which a third one-way valve 33 is installed.

[0039] The hot air blower 28 blows out hot air, which enters the second transfer box 27 through the third air pipe 31 , then enters the second pipeline 12 through the second hose 30 , and finally enters the fermentation tank 1 .

[0040] According to a further optimization scheme, a first gear 47 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor 6 , a gear ring 34 is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank 1 , and the first gear 47 meshes with the gear ring 34 .

[0041] The first motor 6 drives the first gear 47 to rotate, and the first gear 47 drives the gear ring 34 to rotate, thereby causing the fermentation tank 1 to rotate.

[0042] According to a further optimized solution, a plurality of stirring rods 36 are fixedly connected in the fermentation tank 1 , a baffle 37 is fixedly connected to the first pipe 11 , and a plurality of through holes 48 are opened on the first pipe 11 .

[0043] The stirring rod 36 facilitates stirring of the fermented material. The through hole 48 is provided on the side wall of the first pipe 11 , which can reduce the situation where water enters the first pipe 11 during the fermentation process.

[0044] A further optimized solution is that the fermentation tank 1 and the outer sleeve 5 are rotatably connected via a bearing 38, and the supporting mechanism includes two supporting plates 39, the supporting plates 39 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 40, a rotating shaft 41 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 5, the rotating shaft 41 is rotatably connected to the supporting plate 39, a second gear 42 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 7, a third gear 43 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 41, and the second gear 42 is meshed with the third gear 43.

[0045] The support plate 39 is used to support the outer sleeve 5. The second motor 7 drives the second gear 42 to rotate. The second gear 42 drives the third gear 43 to rotate. The third gear 43 drives the rotating shaft 41 to rotate. A plane thrust bearing can be selected at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1.

[0046] According to a further optimized solution, a first connecting plate 44 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 5 , the first motor 6 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 44 , a second connecting plate 45 is fixedly connected to the support plate 39 , and the second motor 7 is fixedly connected to the second connecting plate 45 .

[0047] The method for using the device is as follows: when in use, the sealing cover 3 is opened, and cow dung and carbon-rich substances, such as straw, sawdust, etc., are put into the fermentation tank 1. After the materials are put into the fermentation tank 1, the sealing cover 3 is covered on the material port 2, and the first motor 6 is started. The first motor 6 drives the first gear 47 to rotate, and the first gear 47 drives the gear ring 34 to rotate, so that the fermentation tank 1 rotates, and the cow dung and the carbon-rich substances are mixed evenly, so as to reduce the emission of ammonia during the fermentation process, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. The temperature and humidity sensor (not shown in the figure) measures the temperature and humidity of the fermented cow dung. The temperature and humidity of the manure, the ammonia concentration sensor 9 measures the ammonia concentration in the fermentation tank 1. During the fermentation process, the fermentation tank 1 is in a vertical state. Water may flow out during the fermentation process. The mesh plate 8 can separate the fermentation material and the water. The water will enter the first transfer box 10 through the first pipe 11. The exhaust pump 14 will draw out the air in the collection box 13. The first transfer box 10 and the exhaust pump 14 are connected through the first air pipe 19. The first air pipe 19 is connected to the second outlet. Since the second outlet is at the top, no liquid will enter the exhaust pump 14. When the ammonia concentration sensor 9 detects that the ammonia concentration in the fermentation tank 1 is too high, the fermentation tank 1 is placed in a horizontal state through the second motor 7, the fermentation tank 1 rotates when the first motor 6, and the exhaust pump 14 is started. When the exhaust pump 14 extracts the air in the collection box 13, the gas in the fermentation tank 1 will be extracted. Ammonia is the main way of nitrogen loss in cow dung, so the ammonia can be collected and converted, and the ammonia is sent to the pressure tank 20 through the exhaust pump 14, and then carbon dioxide is introduced. The catalyst and water required for the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide are added in advance to the pressure tank 20. Specifically, the pressure tank 20 can be set according to the conditions for ammonia to generate urea. After the pressure tank 20 reacts for a period of time, the solution containing urea can be discharged through the second drain pipe, and then used together with the fermented cow dung, thereby avoiding the loss of nitrogen in the cow dung. The gas in the fermentation tank 1 can be stopped after a period of time, and then the external air is introduced into the fermentation tank 1 through the hot air blower 28 and the high-pressure blower 29 to increase the oxygen in the fermentation tank 1 and avoid anaerobic fermentation.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss, characterized in that: include: A fermentation tank (1), wherein a material port (2) is provided on the fermentation tank (1), a sealing cover (3) is rotatably connected to the material port (2), a plurality of ventilation holes (4) are provided on the sealing cover (3), the fermentation tank (1) is rotatably connected to an outer sleeve (5), a first motor (6) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (5), the first motor (6) is transmission-connected to the fermentation tank (1), the outer sleeve (5) is rotatably connected to a support mechanism, a second motor (7) is provided on the support mechanism, the second motor (7) is transmission-connected to the outer sleeve (5), a mesh plate (8) is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank (1), a temperature and humidity sensor is fixedly connected to the mesh plate (8), and an ammonia concentration sensor (9) is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank (1); A gas-liquid discharge component, the gas-liquid discharge component comprising a first transfer box (10), the first transfer box (10) being fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (5), the first transfer box (10) being connected to the fermentation tank (1) via a first pipe (11), the first pipe (11) being rotatably connected to the fermentation tank (1), a second pipe (12) being passed through the first transfer box (10), the second pipe (12) being located in the first pipe (11), the first transfer box (10) being connected to a collection box (13), the collection box (13) being connected to an exhaust pump (14), the second pipe (12) being connected to a temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism, the collection box (13), the exhaust pump (14) and the temperature-regulating ventilation mechanism being all fixedly connected to a fixing frame (15), and the exhaust pump (14) being connected to an ammonia reaction mechanism.

2. A cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first transfer box (10) is connected to the collection box (13) via a first hose (16); a first outlet is provided on the first transfer box (10); the first outlet is provided on a side wall of the collection box (13) near the bottom; a first liquid discharge pipe (17) is installed on the first outlet; and a first valve (18) is installed on the first liquid discharge pipe (17).

3. A cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collecting box (13) is provided with a first inlet and a second outlet, the first inlet and the second inlet are both provided at the top of the collecting box (13), the first hose (16) is connected to the first inlet, the collecting box (13) and the exhaust pump (14) are connected via a first air pipe (19), and the first air pipe (19) is connected to the second outlet.

4. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ammonia reaction mechanism comprises a pressure tank (20), the exhaust pump (14) is connected to the pressure tank (20) via a second air pipe (21), the second air pipe (21) is provided with a first one-way valve (22), the pressure tank (20) is provided with a pressure relief valve (23), the pressure tank (20) is connected to a carbon dioxide air pipe (24), the carbon dioxide air pipe (24) is connected to a carbon dioxide gas source, the carbon dioxide air pipe (24) is provided with a fourth one-way valve (25), a plurality of electric heating wires (26) are provided in a side wall of the pressure tank (20), a third outlet is provided on the pressure tank (20), a second liquid discharge pipe is provided on the third outlet, a second liquid discharge pipe is provided on the second liquid discharge pipe, and the pressure tank (20) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (15).

5. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-adjusting ventilation mechanism comprises a second transfer box (27), a hot air blower (28) and a high-pressure blower (29); the second pipeline (12) is connected to the second transfer box (27) through a second hose (30); the hot air blower (28) and the high-pressure blower (29) are both connected to the second transfer box (27); the second transfer box (27), the hot air blower (28) and the high-pressure blower (29) are fixedly connected to the fixed frame (15).

6. A cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hot air blower (28) is connected to the second transfer box (27) via a third air pipe (31), and a second one-way valve (32) is installed on the third air pipe (31). The high-pressure blower (29) is connected to the second transfer box (27) via a fourth air pipe (35), and a third one-way valve (33) is installed on the fourth air pipe (35).

7. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the first motor (6) is fixedly connected to a first gear (47), a gear ring (34) is fixedly connected to the fermentation tank (1), and the first gear (47) is meshed with the gear ring (34).

8. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of stirring rods (36) are fixedly connected inside the fermentation tank (1), a baffle (37) is fixedly connected to the first pipe (11), and a plurality of through holes (48) are opened on the first pipe (11).

9. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation tank (1) and the outer sleeve (5) are rotatably connected via a bearing (38); the support mechanism comprises two support plates (39); the support plates (39) are fixedly connected to a bottom plate (40); a rotating shaft (41) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (5); the rotating shaft (41) is rotatably connected to the support plate (39); a second gear (42) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor (7); a third gear (43) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (41); the second gear (42) is meshed with the third gear (43).

10. The cow dung composting device for reducing nitrogen loss according to claim 9, characterized in that: A first connecting plate (44) is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve (5), the first motor (6) is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate (44), a second connecting plate (45) is fixedly connected to the support plate (39), and the second motor (7) is fixedly connected to the second connecting plate (45).

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