One-step polymerization method for preparing binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of material chemistry preparation, and particularly relates to a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology; the application prepares a two-kind PS microsphere primary emulsion with good monodispersity and uniform particle size in the range of micron to nanometer by one-step emulsion polymerization; the two-kind PS microsphere primary emulsion is directly self-assembled into binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology without subsequent treatment; in the process, the particle size of the two kinds of PS microspheres is controlled by controlling the adding amount, dropping speed, adding time and reaction time of KPS; the proportion of the two kinds of PS microspheres with different particle sizes is controlled by controlling the mass ratio of the secondly added styrene monomer and the PS microspheres in the primary emulsion; the method has simple preparation process, good repeatability and low production cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of material chemistry preparation, and particularly relates to a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology. BACKGROUND

[0002] Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres are a kind of functional materials with excellent performance, good chemical stability, low density, easy functionalization, strong adsorption, and large volume, and have attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. PS microspheres play an important role in many fields such as biomedical science, environmental monitoring, material science, and chemical analysis. Binary PS colloidal crystals can combine the advantages of microspheres of different particle sizes, and by changing the ratio and distribution of microspheres of different particle sizes, the structure and physical properties of the colloidal crystal can be controlled. This flexibility makes it possible to design specific functional materials and achieve more complex physical and chemical properties to meet various application requirements. Binary PS colloidal crystals can be used to prepare photonic crystals with specific optical properties, and are widely used in optical sensors, optical filters, and lasers. In the field of catalysis, binary PS colloidal crystals can be used as efficient catalyst carriers to improve the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic reactions. In the field of superhydrophobic materials, binary PS colloidal crystals can be used to manufacture surfaces with superhydrophobic properties, which have important applications in antifouling and self-cleaning materials. Binary PS colloidal crystals can be used in the development of sensors, especially in the field of gas and biological sensors, with high sensitivity and selectivity. Binary PS colloidal crystal templates can effectively capture particles of different sizes in filtration and separation technology, improving the filtration effect.

[0003] Currently, the chemical methods for preparing binary PS colloidal crystals are two-step, mainly including: (1) two-step emulsion polymerization method, first preparing PS microspheres of one particle size by emulsion polymerization, then preparing PS microspheres of another particle size by emulsion polymerization, and then adjusting the ratio of the two to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals. (2) Secondary polymerization method, first preparing PS microspheres of one particle size, then performing secondary polymerization on the surface to form PS microspheres of another particle size, and then using centrifugation, filtration, and other methods to fractionate the prepared PS microspheres to select PS microspheres of different particle sizes to self-assemble into binary PS colloidal crystals. Secondly, the particle size difference of PS microspheres prepared by single emulsion polymerization is small, basically in the sub-micron level, and it is difficult to reach the micron and nanometer levels.

[0004] In summary, the current chemical method for preparing binary PS colloidal crystals needs to be carried out in two steps, that is, preparing PS microsphere emulsions with different particle sizes respectively, and the PS raw emulsion needs to be subjected to subsequent treatments such as centrifugation, purification, drying and classification to obtain PS microspheres with uniform particle sizes. Then, the PS microspheres with two different particle sizes are mixed in different proportions to prepare binary PS colloidal crystals. The formulation and process are time-consuming and laborious, a large number of repeated experiments are needed to determine the formulation of PS microspheres with one particle size, and the process is complex and time-consuming. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, which can obtain a PS microsphere raw emulsion with micron to nanoscale particle grading of two different particle sizes. The emulsion does not need subsequent treatment and can be directly self-assembled into binary polystyrene colloidal crystals.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the present application provides a one-step polymerization preparation method of binary polystyrene colloidal crystals with controllable morphology, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: mixing styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate to form a first mixed solution, performing constant temperature water bath, and continuously stirring and deoxidizing with N2;

[0009] S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in water to form a KPS solution, adding the KPS solution into the first mixed solution, the dropping time being 15-60 min; performing constant temperature water bath reaction for 7-10 h to form a raw emulsion;

[0010] S3: taking out part of the raw emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the part of the raw emulsion, obtaining the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the raw emulsion, and obtaining the mass of PS microspheres in the raw emulsion; adding styrene monomer to the raw emulsion to form a second mixed solution, performing constant temperature water bath, and continuously stirring and deoxidizing with N2; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the raw emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1;

[0011] S4: dissolving KPS accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S3 in water to form a KPS solution, adding the KPS solution into the second mixed solution, the dropping time being 30-90 min; pouring into a crystallization dish after constant temperature water bath reaction, ultrasonic dispersion and drying to obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology.

[0012] Preferably, the styrene monomer is extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0013] Preferably, the mass of the potassium bicarbonate in S1 is 1.92% of the mass of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0014] Preferably, the mass of the sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the mass of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath is 70-80℃.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature of the constant-temperature water bath is 73℃.

[0017] Preferably, the time of the constant stirring in S3 is 1-2h.

[0018] Preferably, the time of the constant-temperature water bath reaction in S4 is 16-20h.

[0019] Preferably, the diameter of the crystallization dish is 6cm.

[0020] In the second aspect, the present application provides a morphology-controllable binary polystyrene colloidal crystal prepared by the above preparation method.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present application controls the adding amount, the dropping speed, the adding time and the reaction time of KPS to control the particle size of the two kinds of PS microspheres; controls the mass ratio of the secondly added styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the original emulsion to control the proportion of the two kinds of PS microspheres with different particle sizes, so as to realize the preparation of the binary PS colloidal crystal with different morphology and particle grading from micron to nanometer by one-step polymerization method; the PS microsphere original emulsion prepared by the present application does not need subsequent treatment and can be directly self-assembled into a binary PS colloidal crystal; the preparation process of the present application is simple, has good repeatability and low production cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 The SEM image of the morphology-controllable binary PS colloidal crystal prepared in Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To enable persons skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present application, the following is a general description and definition of the terms and phrases mentioned in the specification and claims. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific words used herein have their usual meanings to those skilled in the art of the present application, and in the event of conflict, the definitions in the present specification shall prevail.

[0026] Theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether correct or not, should not be considered limiting on the scope of the present application, i.e., the present application can be practiced without regard to any particular theory or mechanism.

[0027] Herein, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered to have encompassed and specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values within the range (including integers and fractions).

[0028] Herein, unless otherwise specified, "comprise", "include", "contain", "have" or similar words encompass the meaning of "consist of" and "consist essentially of", for example, "A comprises a" encompasses the meaning of "A comprises a and other" and "A comprises only a".

[0029] Herein, for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the various technical features in the various embodiments or examples are not described. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of the technical features, the various technical features in the various embodiments or examples can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered as the scope disclosed in the present specification.

[0030] The first object of the present application is to provide a one-step polymerization preparation method of a morphology-controllable binary polystyrene colloidal crystal, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0031] S1: mixing styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate to form a first mixed solution, performing constant temperature water bath, keeping the water bath temperature at 70-80°C, and deoxidizing with N2 under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of the potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; the mass of the sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0032] S2: Dissolve potassium persulfate (KPS) accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in hot water (hot water temperature consistent with the water bath temperature in S1) at 70-80℃ to form a KPS solution, and drop the KPS solution into the first mixed solution, with a drop time of 15-60 min; keep the water bath temperature at 70-80℃, stop after constant temperature water bath reaction for 7-10 h, form the original slurry emulsion, and make the original slurry emulsion contain unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.

[0033] S3: Take out part of the original slurry emulsion, measure the mass ratio of PS microspheres in part of the original slurry emulsion, obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion, and thus obtain the mass of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion; add styrene monomer to the original slurry emulsion to form a second mixed solution, keep the water bath temperature at 70-80℃, carry out constant temperature water bath, and deoxygenate under continuous stirring for 1-2 h; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1.

[0034] S4: Again dissolve KPS accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S3 in hot water (hot water temperature consistent with the water bath temperature in S3) at 70-80℃ to form a KPS solution, and drop the KPS solution into the second mixed solution, with a drop time of 30-90 min; pour into a Φ6 cm crystallizing dish after constant temperature water bath reaction for 16-20 h, and obtain morphology controllable binary PS colloidal crystals after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0035] Wherein, the styrene monomer is extracted by NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0036] The present application uses KPS as an initiator, potassium bicarbonate as a pH regulator, and sodium p-styrenesulfonate as an emulsifier to prepare a uniform sub-micron PS microsphere emulsion, in which styrene monomer is added twice to make it swell with the PS microspheres in the original emulsion and further react with the unreacted initiator to form PS new cores. The second addition of initiator KPS makes it react with the second addition of styrene monomer, so that the PS microspheres in the original emulsion grow further, and the newly generated PS micro-nuclei grow at the same time. After the reaction is completed, two kinds of pure PS microsphere original emulsion with different particle sizes are obtained. Without subsequent treatment, the PS original emulsion forms binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology after self-assembly. In this process, the particle size of the two kinds of PS microspheres is controlled by controlling the amount of KPS added, the dropping speed, the timing of addition and the reaction time. The present application controls the mass ratio of the second addition of styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the original emulsion to control the proportion of the two kinds of PS microspheres with different particle sizes, so as to realize the preparation of binary PS colloidal crystals with different morphologies in one step, from micron to nanometer particle grading. The preparation process of the present application is simple, reproducible and low in production cost.

[0037] The second object of the present application is to provide a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology, which has PS microspheres with two particle sizes of micron and sub-micron, sub-micron and nanometer, good monodispersity and uniform particle size.

[0038] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present application after reading the content taught by the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

[0039] In the following examples, conventional instruments and equipment in the art are used. In the following examples, the experimental methods not specified in the specific conditions are usually carried out according to the conventional conditions or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. In the following examples, various raw materials are used, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercially available products are used, and the specifications are conventional specifications in the art. In the specification of the present application and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" means weight percent, "parts" means weight parts, and the ratio means weight ratio.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] S1: Mix styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate to form a first mixed solution, perform constant temperature water bath, keep the water bath temperature at 70℃, and deoxygenate under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1; the mass of sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0042] S2: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S1 in hot water at 70°C to form a KPS solution, and drop the KPS solution into the first mixed solution; the dropping time is 15 min; keep the water bath temperature at 70°C, stop after constant temperature water bath reaction for 7 h, form the original slurry emulsion, and make the original slurry emulsion contain unreacted styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.

[0043] S3: Take out part of the original slurry emulsion, measure the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the part of the original slurry emulsion, obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion, and thus obtain the mass of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion; add styrene monomers to the original slurry emulsion to form a second mixed solution, keep the water bath temperature at 70°C, and carry out constant temperature water bath under continuous stirring and N2 deoxidation; wherein the mass ratio of styrene monomers to PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion in S3 is 2:1.

[0044] S4: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1%- of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S3 in hot water at 70°C to form a KPS solution, and drop the KPS solution into the second mixed solution; the dropping time is 30 min; pour the constant temperature water bath reaction product into a Φ6 cm crystallizing dish after 16 h, and obtain morphology controllable binary PS colloidal crystals after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

[0045] Wherein, the styrene monomers are extracted by NaOH and water before use.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] S1: Mix styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate and p-styrene sulfonate to form a first mixed solution, carry out constant temperature water bath, keep the water bath temperature at 73°C, and carry out N2 deoxidation under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the mass of styrene monomers in S1; the mass of p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the mass of styrene monomers in S1.

[0048] S2: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1.5% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S1 in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution, and drop the KPS solution into the first mixed solution; the dropping time is 30 min; keep the water bath temperature at 73°C, stop after constant temperature water bath reaction for 8 h, form the original slurry emulsion, and make the original slurry emulsion contain unreacted styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate, p-styrene sulfonate and KPS, etc.

[0049] S3: Take out part of the original slurry emulsion, measure the mass ratio of PS microspheres in part of the original slurry emulsion, obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion, and thus obtain the mass of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion; add styrene monomers to the original slurry emulsion to form a second mixed solution, keep the water bath temperature at 73℃, and perform constant temperature water bath under continuous stirring and N2 deoxidation; wherein the mass ratio of styrene monomers to PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion in S3 is 3:1;

[0050] S4: Dissolve KPS accounting for 1.5% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S3 in hot water at 73℃ to form a KPS solution, drop all the KPS solution into the second mixed solution, the dropping time is 45 min; after constant temperature water bath reaction for 18 h, pour into a Φ6 cm crystallizing dish, and after ultrasonic dispersion and drying, obtain binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology.

[0051] Wherein, the styrene monomers are extracted by NaOH and water before use.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] S1: Mix styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate to form a first mixed solution, perform constant temperature water bath, keep the water bath temperature at 75℃, and deoxidize under continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the mass of styrene monomers in S1; the mass of sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the mass of styrene monomers in S1.

[0054] S2: Dissolve KPS accounting for 2% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S1 in hot water at 75℃ to form a KPS solution, drop all the KPS solution into the first mixed solution, the dropping time is 45 min; keep the water bath temperature at 75℃, stop after constant temperature water bath reaction for 9 h, form an original slurry emulsion, and make the original slurry emulsion contain unreacted styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrenesulfonate and KPS, etc.;

[0055] S3: Take out part of the original slurry emulsion, measure the mass ratio of PS microspheres in part of the original slurry emulsion, obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion, and thus obtain the mass of PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion; add styrene monomers to the original slurry emulsion to form a second mixed solution, keep the water bath temperature at 75℃, and perform constant temperature water bath under continuous stirring and N2 deoxidation; wherein the mass ratio of styrene monomers to PS microspheres in the original slurry emulsion in S3 is 4:1;

[0056] S4: KPS solution was prepared by dissolving KPS accounting for 2% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S3 in hot water at 75℃, and the KPS solution was added into the second mixed solution drop by drop, with a drop time of 60 min; after constant temperature water bath reaction for 19 h, the product was poured into a Φ6 cm crystal dish, and after ultrasonic dispersion and drying, the binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology were obtained.

[0057] The styrene monomers were extracted by NaOH and water before use.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] S1: The styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate were mixed to form a first mixed solution, and N2 was blown for deoxygenation under constant temperature water bath with a water bath temperature of 80℃ and continuous stirring; wherein the mass of potassium bicarbonate was 1.92% of the mass of the styrene monomers in S1; the mass of sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 was 0.13% of the mass of the styrene monomers in S1.

[0060] S2: KPS solution was prepared by dissolving KPS accounting for 3% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S1 in hot water at 80℃, and the KPS solution was added into the first mixed solution drop by drop, with a drop time of 60 min; the water bath temperature was kept at 80℃, and the reaction was stopped after constant temperature water bath reaction for 10 h, to form a raw emulsion, and the raw emulsion contained unreacted styrene monomers, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrenesulfonate and KPS, etc.

[0061] S3: A part of the raw emulsion was taken out, and the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the part of the raw emulsion was calculated to obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the raw emulsion, so as to obtain the mass of PS microspheres in the raw emulsion; styrene monomers were added into the raw emulsion to form a second mixed solution, and N2 was blown for deoxygenation under constant temperature water bath with a water bath temperature of 80℃ and continuous stirring; wherein the mass ratio of styrene monomers to PS microspheres in the raw emulsion in S3 was 5:1.

[0062] S4: KPS solution was prepared by dissolving KPS accounting for 3% of the mass percentage of styrene monomers in S3 in hot water at 80℃, and the KPS solution was added into the second mixed solution drop by drop, with a drop time of 90 min; after constant temperature water bath reaction for 20 h, the product was poured into a Φ6 cm crystal dish, and after ultrasonic dispersion and drying, the binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology were obtained.

[0063] The styrene monomers were extracted by NaOH and water before use.

[0064] Example 5

[0065] S1: Styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrene sulfonate are mixed to form a first mixed solution, and the solution is placed in a constant temperature water bath at 73°C. N2 is passed through the solution for deoxygenation while stirring continuously. The mass of potassium bicarbonate is 1.92% of the styrene monomer in S1, and the mass of sodium p-styrene sulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the styrene monomer in S1.

[0066] S2: Dissolve 3% (by mass) of KPS (the styrene monomer in S1) in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution. Add the entire KPS solution dropwise into the first mixed solution over a period of 50 minutes. Maintain the water bath temperature at 73°C and stop the reaction after 10 hours to form a raw emulsion containing unreacted styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate, sodium p-styrene sulfonate, and KPS.

[0067] S3: Take out a portion of the original emulsion, calculate the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the portion of the original emulsion, and obtain the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the original emulsion, thereby obtaining the mass of PS microspheres in the original emulsion; add styrene monomer to the original emulsion to form a second mixed solution, maintain the water bath temperature at 73℃, and perform constant temperature water bath, and deoxygenate by passing N2 under continuous stirring; wherein, the mass ratio of styrene monomer to PS microspheres in the original emulsion in S3 is 5:1;

[0068] S4: KPS, which accounts for 3% of the styrene monomer mass in S3, is dissolved in hot water at 73°C to form a KPS solution. The entire KPS solution is then added dropwise to the second mixed solution over a period of 80 minutes. After reacting in a constant temperature water bath for 20 hours, the solution is poured into a Φ6 cm crystallizing dish. After ultrasonic dispersion and drying, binary PS colloidal crystals with controllable morphology are obtained.

[0069] The styrene monomer is extracted with NaOH and water respectively before use.

[0070] like Figure 1 The image shown is an SEM image of the binary PS colloidal crystal with controllable morphology prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. It has two particle sizes of PS microspheres, namely micron-sized and submicron-sized, and submicron-sized and nano-sized, with good monodispersity and uniform particle size.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology, characterized in that, Specifically comprising the following steps: S1: mixing styrene monomer, potassium bicarbonate and sodium p-styrenesulfonate to form a first mixed solution, performing constant temperature water bath, and deoxidizing under continuous stirring by N2; S2: dissolving KPS accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S1 in water to form a KPS solution, adding the KPS solution into the first mixed solution drop by drop, the drop adding time being 15-60 min; performing constant temperature water bath reaction for 7-10 h to form a primary emulsion; S3: taking out part of the primary emulsion, measuring the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the part of the primary emulsion, obtaining the mass ratio of PS microspheres in the primary emulsion, and thus obtaining the mass of PS microspheres in the primary emulsion; adding styrene monomer into the primary emulsion to form a second mixed solution, performing constant temperature water bath, and deoxidizing under continuous stirring by N2; wherein the mass ratio of the styrene monomer to the PS microspheres in the primary emulsion in S3 is (5-2):1; S4: again dissolving KPS accounting for 1%-3% of the mass percentage of the styrene monomer in S3 in water to form a KPS solution, adding the KPS solution into the second mixed solution drop by drop, the drop adding time being 30-90 min; pouring into a crystallization dish after constant temperature water bath reaction, and obtaining morphology-controllable binary PS colloidal crystals after ultrasonic dispersion and drying.

2. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The styrene monomer is respectively extracted by NaOH and water before use.

3. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of the potassium bicarbonate in S1 is 1.92% of the mass of the styrene monomer in S1.

4. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass of the sodium p-styrenesulfonate in S1 is 0.13% of the mass of the styrene monomer in S1.

5. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 70-80℃.

6. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature of the constant temperature water bath is 73℃.

7. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time of the continuous stirring in S3 is 1-2 h.

8. The one-step polymerization method for preparing a binary polystyrene colloidal crystal with controllable morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time of the constant temperature water bath reaction in S4 is 16-20 h.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The diameter of the crystallization dish is 6 cm.

10. A shape-controllable binary polystyrene colloidal crystal, characterized in that, The preparation method is prepared by any one of claims 1-9.

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