An integrated device and process for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and return to the field

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of agricultural production and discloses an integrated device and process for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field. The device includes a crushing box and a carbonization box. The carbonization box is equipped with a dust removal mechanism, which includes a dust removal plate. Several feeding teeth are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the dust removal plate, and several dust removal holes are formed on the plate body. Eccentric wheels are movably connected to shafts on both sides of one end of the dust removal plate. This invention utilizes a combination of a crank-slider mechanism and a torsion spring to effectively solve the problem of clogging in the feeding system caused by material handling issues during the feeding process. The eccentric wheel rocker mechanism enables the material to be propelled in a jumping manner, effectively separating impurities such as soil and gravel mixed in with the straw. This avoids slagging caused by soil and gravel in the carbonization chamber. The heat generated in the carbonization chamber and combustion zone is directly transferred to the dust removal system through thermal radiation, achieving pre-drying of the raw materials, improving energy utilization efficiency, and reducing the operating cost of the project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural production technology, specifically, it relates to an integrated device and process for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major agricultural country with abundant straw resources. However, there are certain problems in the utilization of straw resources. First, the dispersed and low-density nature of straw makes its collection and transportation costs high, especially in areas with widespread farmland, where the limited amount transported at one time increases transportation frequency and costs. Second, varying levels of mechanization across different regions lead to low collection efficiency, and straw is easily damaged or contaminated, reducing its utilization value. Furthermore, straw is easily affected by the environment during storage; improper stacking can lead to mold, rot, or spontaneous combustion, further reducing resource utilization. Finally, the mismatch between seasonal supply and demand is prominent. Straw is mainly produced during the busy farming season, but its demand varies over time due to different utilization methods. The lack of an effective storage, transportation, and allocation system easily leads to resource waste.

[0003] To address these issues, the inventor has developed an integrated device and process for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the high collection and transportation costs caused by the dispersed and low-density characteristics of straw, especially in areas with widespread farmland where the limited volume of each shipment increases transportation frequency and costs, this invention addresses several key issues. First, varying levels of mechanization across regions lead to low collection efficiency, making straw susceptible to loss or contamination, thus reducing its utilization value. Second, straw storage is easily affected by the environment; improper stacking can cause mold, rot, or spontaneous combustion, further reducing resource utilization. Finally, the mismatch between seasonal supply and demand is a significant problem. Straw is mainly produced during the busy farming season, but demand varies due to different utilization methods, and the lack of an effective storage, transportation, and allocation system easily leads to resource waste. The basic concept of the technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0005] An integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field includes a crushing box and a carbonization box. The carbonization box is equipped with a dust removal mechanism, which includes a dust removal plate. Several feeding teeth are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the dust removal plate, and several dust removal holes are opened on the plate body. An eccentric wheel is movably connected to the shafts on both sides of one end of the dust removal plate. The shaft fixed at the center of the eccentric wheel passes through the side wall of the carbonization box and is movably sleeved with it. Furthermore, a rocker arm is movably connected to the shafts on both sides of the other end of the dust removal plate. A shaft is fixedly connected to the lower outer side of the rocker arm. This shaft is movably connected to the inner side wall of the carbonization box, and a second sliding plate is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the carbonization box. The bottom of the carbonization box has a dust discharge port, a smoke discharge port, an air inlet grid, and a material discharge port from front to back.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a carbonization mechanism is provided at the lower end of the carbonization box. The carbonization mechanism includes a carbonization device and a first sliding plate. The first sliding plate is fixedly connected to a corner of the bottom of the carbonization box. The two ends of the carbonization device are fixedly connected to the side wall of the carbonization box. Air distribution ports are provided on the side wall of the carbonization box corresponding to the two ends of the carbonization device. The air distribution ports provide oxygen support for the carbonization device, and the carbonization port of the carbonization device faces downward and corresponds to the first sliding plate.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, baffles are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the carbonization box between the inner bottom air inlet grille and the material outlet, and between the smoke outlet and the dust outlet, as well as to the lower surface of the second slide plate. An ignition device is fixedly connected to the upper end of the baffle near the smoke outlet. An air supply box is fixedly connected to the outer bottom of the carbonization box at the location corresponding to the air inlet grille, and an air supply fan is installed inside the air supply box.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a door panel is movably mounted on the upper end of the second slide plate, and a hydraulic cylinder is movably mounted on the lower end of the door panel. The other end of the hydraulic cylinder is movably connected to the lower surface of the upper end of the second slide plate.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crushing box is provided with a crushing mechanism, which includes a crushing auger. The shafts at both ends of the crushing auger are movably connected to the side plates of the crushing box. One end of the shaft of the crushing auger passes through the crushing box and is fixedly connected to a transmission wheel at its end. The other side plate of the crushing box has a connection interface at its lower end.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a shovel hopper is fixedly connected to the front end of the crushing box, and shovel teeth are fixedly connected to the lower end of the shovel hopper. A material-collecting roller is provided on the inner side wall of the shovel hopper. The shafts at both ends of the material-collecting roller pass through the side wall of the shovel hopper and are movably sleeved with it. A transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the end of the shaft of one end of the material-collecting roller. A transmission belt is sleeved between this transmission wheel and the transmission wheel on the crushing auger shaft. A material-collecting motor is fixedly installed on the other side plate of the shovel hopper. The transmission shaft of the material-collecting motor corresponds to the end of the shaft of the other end of the material-collecting roller and is fixedly connected with it. Furthermore, a small wheel is fixedly installed on the outer side of the shovel hopper.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conveying pipe is fixedly connected to the side plate of the crushing box at the interface. The lower opening of the conveying pipe corresponds to the interface, and a slide is fixedly connected to the upper end of the conveying pipe. A conveying motor is fixedly installed at the upper end of the slide, and a conveying auger is provided inside the conveying pipe. The shaft at the lower end of the conveying auger is movably connected to the bottom of the conveying pipe, and the shaft at the upper end of the conveying auger corresponds to and is fixedly connected to the drive shaft of the conveying motor.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a feeding hopper is fixedly connected to the end of the slide. A crank-slider mechanism and a drive motor are fixedly installed at the top center of the feeding hopper. The upper end of the crank-slider mechanism is connected to the transmission shaft of the drive motor. The telescopic rod of the crank-slider mechanism passes through the top of the feeding hopper and is movably sleeved with it. A drain rod is fixedly connected to the lower end of the telescopic rod of the crank-slider mechanism. Several mounting grooves are provided on the drain rod. Drain teeth are movably installed in the mounting grooves. A torsion spring is sleeved on the shaft at the connection between the drain teeth and the mounting groove. The torsion spring keeps the drain teeth in an extended state.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower opening of the feeding hopper corresponds to the top opening of the carbonization box and is fixedly connected thereto. The upper end of the side plate of the carbonization box is provided with an exhaust hole, and a dust removal motor is fixedly installed on the side plate of the carbonization box. The drive shaft of the dust removal motor corresponds to the shaft of the eccentric wheel and is fixedly connected thereto. A large wheel is fixedly installed on the lower exterior of the carbonization box.

[0014] This invention also discloses an integrated process for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1 (Collection and Crushing Process): The straw is collected and crushed by the collection roller, and then the crushed straw, soil, gravel and other impurities are transported to the feeding system by the auger.

[0016] Step Two (Feeding Process): The straw containing soil, gravel, and other impurities collected in Step One is transported to the feeding hopper. Simultaneously, the unblocking rod, driven by the motor, moves via a crank-slider mechanism, converting rotational motion into reciprocating motion. When the unblocking rod moves upward, the torsion spring is compressed, causing the unblocking teeth to contract and adhere tightly to the rod. When the unblocking rod moves downward, the torsion spring experiences no resistance, the unblocking teeth open, and the straw is pushed downward into the dust collection system.

[0017] Step 3 (Dust Removal Process): The straw mixed with soil and gravel is transported to the dust removal plate. The dust removal plate moves up, down, left, and right in a reciprocating motion under the action of the eccentric wheel and rocker arm, pushing the straw to jump from left to right. During this process, the soil and gravel mixed in with the straw are shaken off onto the surface of the dust removal plate and discharged from the evenly distributed holes on its surface, falling onto the second slide plate and being discharged from the dust outlet.

[0018] Step Four (Carbonization Process): After the straw passes through the carbonization system, the door panel closes, and the carbonization device ignites and carbonizes the straw. Air is also distributed through the air distribution vents. The carbonized straw is then guided to the discharge port via the first slide plate for return to the field. The smoke and volatiles generated during straw carbonization enter the gas-phase mixing zone (the U-shaped space formed by the baffle). The gas-phase mixing zone is divided into front and rear chambers. The front chamber is equipped with an air supply box. The air supplied by the air supply box mixes evenly with the smoke and volatiles after passing through the gas-phase mixing zone and enters the combustion zone. The ignition device ignites the straw for combustion. The resulting high temperature pre-dries the straw in the dust removal system. The moisture generated during drying is discharged from the exhaust vents on the outer wall of the carbonization box, and the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. This patent proposes a new method for clearing straw shelving, which utilizes a combination of a crank-slider mechanism and a torsion spring for clearing. The structure is simple and reliable, and can effectively solve the problem of blockage in the feeding system caused by shelving issues during the feeding process.

[0021] 2. This patent proposes a new method for removing soil from straw. It utilizes an eccentric wheel rocker mechanism to achieve a leaping forward movement of the material, effectively separating impurities such as soil and gravel mixed in with the straw, and avoiding the slagging problem caused by soil and gravel in the carbonization chamber.

[0022] 3. The integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field proposed in this patent has a compact structure. The heat generated in the carbonization chamber and combustion zone is directly transferred to the dust removal system through thermal radiation, thereby achieving pre-drying of raw materials, reducing heat loss, improving energy utilization efficiency, and reducing the operating cost of the project.

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] In the attached diagram:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional main view schematic diagram of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and return to the field.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower end of the conveying mechanism of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the upper end cross-section of the conveying mechanism of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the eccentric wheel of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and return to the field.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a magnified top view of the dust removal plate of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic cross-sectional view of the feed hopper of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field;

[0032] Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dredging mechanism of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0033] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the sealing plate structure of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field;

[0034] Figure 10 This is a disassembly diagram of the air supply mechanism of an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, in-situ carbonization and returning to the field.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Crushing box; 2. Carbonization box; 3. Feeding hopper; 4. Slide rail; 5. Conveying pipe; 6. Conveying motor; 7. Crank-slider mechanism; 8. Drive motor; 9. Material-collecting roller; 10. Shovel teeth; 11. Shovel hopper; 12. Small wheel; 13. Large wheel; 14. Transmission belt; 15. Dust collector motor; 16. Crushing auger; 17. Dust collector plate; 18. Feeding teeth; 19. Eccentric wheel; 20. Rocker arm; 21. Door panel; 22. First sliding plate; 23. Carbonization device; 24. Baffle; 25. Ignition device; 26. Air supply box; 27. Air inlet grille; 28. Discharge port; 29. ​​Second slide plate; 30. Smoke exhaust port; 31. Dust exhaust port; 32. Conveying auger; 33. Connecting interface; 34. Material handling motor; 35. Dust removal hole; 36. Unclogging rod; 37. Unclogging teeth; 38. Torsion spring; 39. Mounting groove; 40. Hydraulic cylinder; 41. Air distribution port; 42. Air supply fan; 43. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field includes a crushing box 1 and a carbonization box 2. The carbonization box 2 is equipped with a dust removal mechanism, which includes a dust removal plate 17. Several feeding teeth 18 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the dust removal plate 17, and several dust removal holes 35 are opened on the plate body. Eccentric wheels 19 are movably connected to the shafts on both sides of one end of the dust removal plate 17. The shaft fixed at the center of the eccentric wheel 19 passes through the side wall of the carbonization box 2 and is movably sleeved with it. Furthermore, rocker arms 20 are movably connected to the shafts on both sides of the other end of the dust removal plate 17. A shaft is fixedly connected to the outer side of the lower end of the rocker arm 20, and this shaft is connected to the inner side wall of the carbonization box 2. The carbonization box 2 is connected to the inner side wall of the carbonization box 2, and the bottom of the carbonization box 2 is provided with a dust exhaust port 31, a smoke exhaust port 30, an air inlet grille 27 and a material discharge port 28 from front to back. The carbonization mechanism is provided at the lower end of the interior of the carbonization box 2. The carbonization mechanism includes a carbonization device 23 and a first slide plate 22. The first slide plate 22 is fixedly connected to one corner of the bottom of the carbonization box 2. The two ends of the carbonization device 23 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the carbonization box 2. The side wall of the carbonization box 2 is provided with an air distribution port 41 corresponding to the two ends of the carbonization device 23. The air distribution port 41 provides oxygen support for the carbonization device, and the carbonization port of the carbonization device 23 faces downward and corresponds to the first slide plate 22.

[0038] This design proposes a combination of a crank-slider mechanism and a torsion spring, which is simple and reliable, and can effectively solve the problem of blockage in the feeding system caused by material handling issues during the feeding process.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown in the specific embodiment, baffles 24 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the carbonization box 2 between the inner bottom air inlet grille 27 and the discharge port 28, and between the smoke outlet 30 and the dust outlet 31, as well as the lower surface of the second slide plate 29. An ignition device 25 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the baffle 24 near the smoke outlet 30. An air supply box 26 is fixedly connected to the outer bottom of the carbonization box 2 at the position corresponding to the air inlet grille 27. An air supply fan 42 is installed inside the air supply box 26. A door panel 21 is movably installed on the upper end of the second slide plate 29, and a hydraulic cylinder 40 is movably installed on the lower end of the door panel 21. The other end of the hydraulic cylinder 40 is movably connected to the lower surface of the upper end of the second slide plate 29. A crushing mechanism is provided inside the crushing box 1. The crushing mechanism includes a crushing auger 16. The shafts at both ends of the crushing auger 16 are movably connected to the side plates of the crushing box 1, and the crushing... One end of the auger 16 passes through the crushing box 1 and is fixedly connected to a drive wheel at the end. The other side plate of the crushing box 1 has a connecting interface 33 at the lower end. The front end of the crushing box 1 is fixedly connected to a shovel 11, and the lower end of the shovel 11 is fixedly connected to a shovel tooth 10. The inner side of the side wall of the shovel 11 is provided with a material-collecting roller 9. The shafts at both ends of the material-collecting roller 9 pass through the side wall of the shovel 11 and are movably connected to it. The end of the shaft of one end of the material-collecting roller 9 is fixedly connected to a drive wheel. A drive belt 14 is sleeved between this drive wheel and the drive wheel on the shaft of the auger 16. The other side plate of the shovel 11 is fixedly installed with a material-collecting motor 34. The drive shaft of the material-collecting motor 34 corresponds to the end of the shaft of the other end of the material-collecting roller 9 and is fixedly connected to it. Furthermore, a small wheel 12 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the shovel 11.

[0040] This design proposes a novel method for removing soil from straw. By utilizing an eccentric wheel rocker mechanism, the material is propelled in a leaping manner, effectively separating impurities such as soil and gravel mixed in with the straw and avoiding the slagging problem caused by soil and gravel in the carbonization chamber.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, in a specific embodiment, a conveying pipe 5 is fixedly connected to the side plate of the crushing box 1 at interface 33. The lower opening of the conveying pipe 5 corresponds to the interface 33, and a slide rail 4 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the conveying pipe 5. A conveying motor 6 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the slide rail 4. A conveying auger 32 is provided inside the conveying pipe 5. The shaft at the lower end of the conveying auger 32 is movably connected to the bottom of the conveying pipe 5, and the shaft at the upper end of the conveying auger 32 corresponds to and is fixedly connected to the drive shaft of the conveying motor 6. A feeding hopper 3 is fixedly connected to the end of the slide rail 4. A crank-slider mechanism 7 and a drive motor 8 are fixedly installed at the top center of the feeding hopper 3. The upper end of the crank-slider mechanism 7 is connected to the drive shaft of the drive motor 8. The telescopic rod passes through the top of the feeding hopper 3 and is movably connected to it. The lower end of the telescopic rod of the crank-slider mechanism 7 is fixedly connected to a drain rod 36. Several mounting slots 39 are provided on the drain rod 36. Drain teeth 37 are movably installed in the mounting slots 39. A torsion spring 38 is sleeved on the shaft at the connection between the drain teeth 37 and the mounting slot 39. The torsion spring 38 keeps the drain teeth 37 in an extended state. The lower opening of the feeding hopper 3 corresponds to the top opening of the carbonization box 2 and is fixedly connected to it. The upper end of the side plate of the carbonization box 2 is provided with an exhaust hole 43. A dust removal motor 15 is fixedly installed on the side plate of the carbonization box 2. The drive shaft of the dust removal motor 15 corresponds to the shaft of the eccentric wheel 19 and is fixedly connected to it. A large wheel 13 is fixedly installed on the lower exterior of the carbonization box 2.

[0042] This invention proposes an integrated device for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field. The device has a compact structure, and the heat generated in the carbonization chamber and combustion zone is directly transferred to the dust removal system through thermal radiation, thereby achieving pre-drying of raw materials, reducing heat loss, improving energy utilization efficiency, and reducing the operating cost of the project.

[0043] This invention also discloses an integrated process for straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field, comprising the following steps:

[0044] Step 1 (Collection and Crushing Process): The straw is collected and crushed by the collection roller 9, and then the crushed straw, soil, gravel and other impurities are transported to the feeding system by an auger.

[0045] Step Two (Feeding Process): The straw containing soil, gravel, and other impurities collected in Step One is transported to the feeding hopper 3. Simultaneously, the unblocking rod 36, driven by the drive motor 8, uses a crank-slider mechanism to convert rotational motion into reciprocating motion. When the unblocking rod 36 moves upward, the torsion spring 38 is under pressure, causing the unblocking teeth 37 to contract and adhere tightly to the unblocking rod 36. When the unblocking rod 36 moves downward, the torsion spring 38 experiences no resistance, the unblocking teeth 37 open, and the straw is pushed downward into the dust removal system.

[0046] Step 3 (Dust Removal Process): The straw mixed with soil and gravel is transported to the dust removal plate 17. The dust removal plate 17 moves up, down, left, and right in a reciprocating motion under the action of the eccentric wheel 19 and the rocker arm 20, pushing the straw to jump from left to right. During this process, the soil and gravel mixed in with the straw are shaken off onto the surface of the dust removal plate 17 and discharged from the evenly distributed holes on its surface, falling onto the second slide plate 29 and being discharged from the dust outlet 31.

[0047] Step 4 (Carbonization Process): After the straw passes through the carbonization system, the door panel 21 closes, and the carbonization device ignites and carbonizes the straw. Air is distributed through the air distribution port 41. The carbonized straw is guided by the first slide plate 22 to the discharge port 28 for return to the field. The smoke and volatiles generated by the carbonization of the straw enter the gas phase mixing zone (the U-shaped space formed by the baffle 24). The gas phase mixing zone is divided into front and rear chambers. The front chamber is equipped with an air supply box 26. The air supplied by the air supply box 26 mixes evenly with the smoke and volatiles after passing through the gas phase mixing zone and enters the combustion zone. The ignition device 25 ignites the straw for combustion. The high temperature generated pre-dries the straw in the dust removal system. The moisture generated during drying is discharged from the exhaust port 43 on the outer wall of the carbonization box 2, and the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port 30.

[0048] The implementation principle of the integrated process of straw collection, soil removal, and in-situ carbonization and return to the field in this embodiment is as follows:

[0049] This invention proposes a new method for clearing straw shelving, which utilizes a combination of a crank-slider mechanism and a torsion spring for clearing. The structure is simple and reliable, and can effectively solve the problem of blockage in the feeding system caused by shelving issues during the feeding process.

[0050] By utilizing an eccentric wheel rocker mechanism, the material is propelled in a leaping motion, effectively separating impurities such as soil and gravel mixed in with the straw, thus avoiding slagging problems caused by soil and gravel in the carbonization chamber. The compact structure allows heat generated in the carbonization chamber and combustion zone to be directly transferred to the dust removal system via thermal radiation, achieving pre-drying of the raw materials, reducing heat loss, improving energy utilization efficiency, and lowering the operating costs of the project.

Claims

1. A straw pickup-dirt-removal-in-situ carbonization and returning to the field integrated device, comprising a pulverizing box (1) and a carbonization box (2), characterized in that: the inside of the carbonization box (2) is provided with a dust removal mechanism, the dust removal mechanism comprises a dust removal plate (17), the upper surface of the dust removal plate (17) is fixedly connected with a plurality of feeding teeth (18), a plurality of dust removal holes (35) are formed in the plate body of the dust removal plate (17), and an eccentric wheel (19) is movably connected with the shaft rods on both sides of one end of the dust removal plate (17), the shaft rod fixedly connected with the center of the eccentric wheel (19) penetrates through the side wall of the carbonization box (2) and movably sleeves with the side wall, in addition, a rocker (20) is movably connected with the shaft rods on both sides of the other end of the dust removal plate (17), the lower end of the rocker (20) is fixedly connected with a shaft rod, the shaft rod fixedly connected with the lower end of the rocker (20) is movably connected with the inner side wall of the carbonization box (2), the inner side wall of the side wall of the carbonization box (2) is fixedly connected with a second sliding plate (29), and the bottom of the carbonization box (2) is provided with a dust discharge port (31), a smoke discharge port (30), an air inlet grid (27) and a discharge port (28) from front to back; the inside of the carbonization box (2) is provided with a carbonization mechanism, the carbonization mechanism comprises a carbonization device (23) and a first sliding plate (22), the first sliding plate (22) is fixedly connected with an inner bottom corner of the carbonization box (2), the both ends of the carbonization device (23) are fixedly connected with the side walls of the carbonization box (2), air supply ports (41) are formed in the side walls of the carbonization box (2) corresponding to the both ends of the carbonization device (23), the air supply ports (41) provide oxygen support for the carbonization device, and the carbonization port of the carbonization device (23) faces downward and corresponds to the first sliding plate (22); the upper surface of the bottom plate of the carbonization box (2) between the air inlet grid (27) and the discharge port (28), the upper surface of the bottom plate of the carbonization box (2) between the air inlet grid (27) and the smoke discharge port (30), the lower surface of the second sliding plate (29) between the air inlet grid (27) and the discharge port (28), and the lower surface of the second sliding plate (29) between the smoke discharge port (30) and the dust discharge port (31) are all fixedly connected with baffles (24), the upper end of the baffle (24) between the smoke discharge port (30) and the air inlet grid (27) is fixedly connected with an ignition device (25), the outer bottom of the carbonization box (2) is fixedly connected with a air supply box (26) corresponding to the air inlet grid (27), and the inside of the air supply box (26) is provided with an air supply fan (42). The upper end of the second sliding plate (29) movably installs a door plate (21), the lower end of the door plate (21) movably installs a hydraulic cylinder (40), the other end of the hydraulic cylinder (40) movably connects with the lower surface of the upper end of the second sliding plate (29), after the straw enters the carbonization mechanism, the door plate (21) is closed, ignition and carbonization are carried out by the carbonization device, air distribution is carried out by the air distribution port (41), the carbonized straw is guided to the discharging port (28) by the first sliding plate (22), and the straw carbonization is realized. The smoke and volatile part generated by the straw carbonization enters the gas phase mixing area, that is, the U-shaped space formed by the baffle (24), the gas phase mixing area is divided into front and rear two chambers, the front chamber is provided with a air supply box (26), the air supplied by the air supply box (26) is mixed uniformly with the smoke and volatile part after passing through the gas phase mixing area, enters the combustion area, the ignition device (25) is ignited for combustion, the high temperature generated is used for pre-drying the straw in the dust removal system, the moisture generated by drying is discharged from the exhaust hole (43) on the outer wall of the carbonization box (2), and the flue gas is discharged from the smoke exhaust port (30).

2. The straw pickup-soil-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inside of the crushing box (1) is provided with a crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing auger (16), shaft rods at both ends of the crushing auger (16) movably connect with side plates of the crushing box (1), one end of the shaft rod of the crushing auger (16) penetrates the crushing box (1), and a second transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the end of the shaft rod, and a butt joint (33) is formed at the lower end of the other side plate of the crushing box (1).

3. The straw pickup-soil-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the crushing box (1) is fixedly connected with a shovel hopper (11), the lower end of the shovel hopper (11) is fixedly connected with a shovel tooth (10), the inner side of the side wall of the shovel hopper (11) is provided with a gathering roller (9), shaft rods at both ends of the gathering roller (9) penetrate the side wall of the shovel hopper (11) and movably sleeve-connect with the side wall, a first transmission wheel is fixedly connected to the end of the shaft rod of one end of the gathering roller (9), a transmission belt (14) is sleeved and installed between the first transmission wheel and the second transmission wheel on the shaft rod of the crushing auger (16), a gathering motor (34) is fixedly installed on the other side plate of the shovel hopper (11), the transmission shaft of the gathering motor (34) corresponds to the end of the shaft rod of the other end of the gathering roller (9) and is fixedly connected thereto, and a small wheel (12) is fixedly installed outside the shovel hopper (11).

4. The straw pickup-soil-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side plate of the crushing box (1) at the butt joint (33) is fixedly connected with a conveying pipe (5), the lower end opening of the conveying pipe (5) corresponds to the butt joint (33), the upper end of the conveying pipe (5) is fixedly connected with a sliding way (4), the upper end of the sliding way (4) is fixedly installed with a conveying motor (6), and the inside of the conveying pipe (5) is provided with a conveying auger (32), the lower end of the shaft rod of the conveying auger (32) movably connects with the bottom of the conveying pipe (5), and the upper end of the shaft rod of the conveying auger (32) corresponds to the transmission shaft of the conveying motor (6) and is fixedly connected thereto.

5. The straw pickup-soil-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the chute (4) is fixedly connected with a feeding hopper (3), the top center of the feeding hopper (3) is fixedly installed with a crank slider mechanism (7) and a driving motor (8), the upper end of the crank slider mechanism (7) is connected with the transmission shaft of the driving motor (8), the telescopic rod of the crank slider mechanism (7) penetrates through the top of the feeding hopper (3) and is movably sleeved with the feeding hopper (3), and the lower end of the telescopic rod of the crank slider mechanism (7) is fixedly connected with a dredging rod (36), a plurality of installation grooves (39) are formed in the dredging rod (36), the dredging teeth (37) are movably installed in the installation grooves (39), the shaft rod at the connection between the dredging teeth (37) and the installation grooves (39) is sleeved with a torsional spring (38), and the torsional spring (38) keeps the dredging teeth (37) in an unfolded state.

6. The straw pickup-soil-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower end opening of the feeding hopper (3) corresponds to the top opening of the carbonization box (2) and is fixedly connected with the carbonization box (2), the side plate of the carbonization box (2) is provided with an exhaust hole (43) at the upper end, and the side plate of the carbonization box (2) is fixedly installed with a dust removal motor (15), the transmission shaft of the dust removal motor (15) corresponds to the shaft rod of the eccentric wheel (19) and is fixedly connected with the shaft rod, and the lower end of the carbonization box (2) is fixedly installed with a large wheel (13) outside.

7. A straw pickup-soil-removal-in-situ carbonization and returning to the field integrated process, characterized in that, The straw picking-dirt-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated device is applied to the straw picking-dirt-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated process, and the straw picking-dirt-removing-in-situ carbonization and returning integrated process comprises the following steps. Step one: picking and crushing, after the straw is picked up and crushed by the material gathering roller (9), the crushed straw, soil and gravel are transported to the feeding system by the screw method; Step two: feeding, the straw containing soil and gravel picked up in step one is transported to the feeding hopper (3), and at the same time, the dredging rod (36) is driven by the driving motor (8), the crank slider mechanism moves, the rotary motion is converted into reciprocating motion, when the dredging rod (36) moves upward, the torsional spring (38) is pressed, the dredging teeth (37) are contracted and closely attached to the dredging rod (36), when the dredging rod (36) moves downward, the torsional spring (38) is not blocked, the dredging teeth (37) are opened, and the straw is pushed to move downward and enter the dust removal mechanism; Step three: dust removal, the straw mixed with soil and gravel is transported to the dust removal plate (17), the dust removal plate (17) moves up and down and left and right reciprocatingly under the action of the eccentric wheel (19) and the rocker (20), the straw is pushed to move from left to right in a jumping mode, in this process, the soil and gravel mixed in the straw are shaken off the surface of the dust removal plate (17) and discharged from the dust removal holes (35) of the dust removal plate (17) and fall on the second sliding plate (29) and are discharged from the dust discharge port (31); Step four: carbonization process, straw into carbonization mechanism, door plate (21) closed, ignition carbonization by carbonization device, and air distribution port (41) air distribution, carbonized straw by the first slide (22), guide to the discharge port (28), realize the field, straw carbonization produced by the smoke and volatile part into the gas phase mixing area, that is, the U-shaped space formed by the baffle (24), the gas phase mixing area is divided into two chambers, the front chamber is equipped with a air supply box (26), the air supply box (26) sends in the air and the smoke and volatile part after passing through the gas phase mixing area are mixed evenly, enter the combustion zone, ignition device (25) ignition combustion, the high temperature generated by the dust removal system in the straw is pre-dried, the moisture produced by drying is discharged from the exhaust hole (43) on the outer wall of the carbonization box (2), and the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port (30).

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