Biomass rotary cracking gasifier

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass rotary cracking gasifier which comprises a rotary inner shell, a furnace body outer shell, a spiral feeding piece, a feeding port and a discharging port. The furnace body outer shell is arranged outside the rotating inner shell, the rotating inner shell rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell, and the feeding port and the discharging port are formed in the two ends of the rotating inner shell respectively. The spiral feeding piece is arranged in the rotating inner shell in a self-axis rotating mode, and the spiral feeding piece is used for pushing the biomass raw materials in the rotating inner shell to move in the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port. By applying the biomass rotary cracking gasifier, the biomass raw material does not need to be crushed to form small particles before being fed, so that the pretreatment of the biomass raw material is saved, and large biomass raw materials can be continuously gasified in one device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to equipment for producing biomass fuel gas, in particular to a biomass rotary cracking gasifier. Background Art

[0002] Biomass energy has the advantages of being green, renewable, and widely distributed, and has become an important way for the energy industry to reduce carbon emissions and achieve green development. Compared with traditional energy sources such as petroleum and coal, its sulfur and nitrogen content is very low, and the content of pollutants such as SO2 and NxOy produced during combustion is low. Biomass conversion technology mainly includes physical and chemical conversion technology, biochemical conversion technology, and thermochemical conversion technology. Among them, thermochemical conversion technology is the research hotspot and main utilization method of biomass conversion technology, which is divided into biomass pyrolysis technology, biomass gasification technology, and biomass liquefaction technology. As a common form of biomass energy utilization, biomass gasification technology can efficiently utilize biomass resources and produce clean fuels. Compared with direct combustion, it has good environmental benefits and resource utilization. Biomass gasification uses air, oxygen, and water vapor as gasification agents, and undergoes drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction reactions at high temperatures to convert into gaseous products (synthesis gas), liquid products (tar, bio-oil, gasoline, etc.) and solid products (coke). Synthesis gas can be used for subsequent co-production of basic chemicals such as methanol and ammonia.

[0003] Due to the low energy density, high volatile matter content, high oxygen content, high alkali metal content, and ash content mainly composed of SiO2, biomass has great differences in properties from coal, resulting in coal gasification technology often not being able to meet the needs of large-scale biomass gasification. Specifically, (1) Fixed-bed gasification technology represented by Lurgi gasifiers has high requirements for the strength and thermal stability of raw materials, which are difficult for biomass to meet; (2) A large amount of tar is produced during the biomass gasification process, which is difficult to handle and will pollute the environment if directly discharged; in the process of burning and heating the hot fuel gas (a mixture of hot tar and gasification gas) of biomass gasification, if the hot fuel gas cannot be fully and environmentally friendly burned, it will cause low thermal efficiency of the system and substandard tail gas emissions; (3) The type and state of the gasification raw material directly affect the gas yield, synthesis gas quality, carbon conversion rate and other related gasification parameters of the gasifier. Fixed-bed gasification and fluidized-bed gasification require granulation of bio-based raw materials to ensure that their particle size and moisture content are within the appropriate range. Entrained-bed dry powder gasification requires baking of the biomass raw materials after briquetting. The baked block biomass can be ground into powder as feed for the entrained-bed gasifier. Stable biomass gasification production requires uniform raw material size and a certain energy density to achieve uniform and smooth feeding. It is particularly important to achieve low energy consumption and high-load stable operation of biomass gasification raw materials in the pretreatment stage. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier for continuous gasification of bulk biomass raw materials.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] A biomass rotary cracking gasification furnace comprises a rotary inner shell, a furnace outer shell, a spiral feeding member, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet;

[0007] The furnace body outer shell is arranged outside the rotating inner shell, and the rotating inner shell rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell;

[0008] The feed port and the discharge port are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating inner shell;

[0009] The spiral feeding member is rotatably arranged in the rotating inner shell, and the spiral feeding member is used to propel the biomass raw material in the rotating inner shell to move from the feed port to the discharge port.

[0010] The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace as described above also includes a porous air inlet pipe, which is arranged to penetrate the rotating inner shell. A plurality of air outlet holes are arranged on the side wall of the porous air inlet pipe, and the gas in the porous air inlet pipe is sprayed into the rotating inner shell through the air outlet holes.

[0011] In the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier as described above, the porous air inlet pipe is coaxially arranged with the rotation center of the rotating inner shell.

[0012] In the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier as described above, a plurality of vibration facilities are connected to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell, and the vibration facilities are used to vibrate the rotating inner shell to prevent the biomass raw materials from sticking to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell.

[0013] The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace as described above also includes an angle adjustment device, which is arranged on one side of the furnace shell along the axial direction of the furnace shell. When the output end of the angle adjustment device extends or retracts, the furnace shell and the rotating inner shell are tilted.

[0014] As described above, in the biomass rotary cracking gasification furnace, a heating space is provided between the rotating inner shell and the furnace body outer shell, a heat source inlet is provided on one side of the furnace body outer shell, and a heat source outlet is provided on the other side of the furnace body outer shell, and the heat source inlet and the heat source outlet are connected to the heating space.

[0015] In the biomass rotary cracking gasification furnace as described above, a plurality of heat source guide plates are provided between the outer wall of the rotating inner shell and / or the inner wall of the furnace body outer shell.

[0016] The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace as described above, wherein the rotating inner shell and one side of the furnace body outer shell are provided with a first rotating bearing, a first passive wheel and a first active driving device;

[0017] The rotating inner shell and the other side of the furnace body outer shell are provided with a second rotating bearing, a second passive wheel and a second active driving device;

[0018] One side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing and the second rotating bearing is fixedly connected to the rotating inner shell;

[0019] The other side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing is fixedly connected to the first passive wheel;

[0020] The other side of the inner ring of the second rotating bearing is fixedly connected to the second passive wheel;

[0021] The outer rings of the first rotating bearing and the second rotating bearing are fixedly connected to the furnace shell;

[0022] The first active driving device is drivingly connected to the first passive gear;

[0023] The second active driving device is drivingly connected to the second passive gear.

[0024] In the biomass rotary cracking gasification furnace as described above, a graphite seal is provided between the rotating inner shell and the furnace body outer shell.

[0025] In the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier as described above, the feed inlet and / or the discharge outlet are provided with end covers.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] Before use, large pieces of biomass raw materials can be put into the rotating inner shell from the feed port, and the rotating inner shell rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell to crush the large pieces of biomass raw materials. At the same time, the spiral feeding piece rotates on its own axis to crush the biomass raw materials while conveying them. It can be seen that the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention does not need to crush the biomass raw materials and form small particles before feeding, which saves the pretreatment of the biomass raw materials and can continuously gasify large pieces of biomass raw materials in one device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier in this embodiment;

[0030] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0031] 1-rotating inner shell; 2-furnace outer shell; 3-screw feeding piece; 4-feeding port; 5-discharging port; 6-multi-hole air inlet pipe; 61-air outlet; 8-oscillation facility; 9-angle adjustment device; 100-heating space; 101-heat source inlet; 102-heat source outlet; 103-heat source guide plate; 201-first rotating bearing; 202-first passive wheel; 203-first driving gear; 301-second rotating bearing; 302-second passive wheel; 303-second driving gear; 401-front cone; 402-rear cone; 403-graphite ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention in combination with the embodiments and drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, all the connection / connection relationships involved in the patent do not refer to the direct connection of components, but refer to the formation of a better connection structure by adding or reducing connection accessories according to the specific implementation situation. The various technical features in the invention can be combined interchangeably without conflicting with each other.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , a biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace, comprising a rotary inner shell 1, a furnace outer shell 2, a spiral feeding member 3, a feed inlet 4 and a discharge outlet 5;

[0034] The furnace body outer shell 2 is arranged outside the rotating inner shell 1, and the rotating inner shell 1 rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell 2;

[0035] The feed port 4 and the discharge port 5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating inner shell 1;

[0036] The spiral feeding member 3 is rotatably disposed in the rotating inner shell 1 , and the spiral feeding member 3 is used to propel the biomass raw material in the rotating inner shell 1 from the feed port 4 to the discharge port 5 .

[0037] Before use, large pieces of biomass raw materials can be put into the rotating inner shell 1 from the feed port 4. The rotating inner shell 1 rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell 2, which helps the biomass raw materials to be evenly cracked at high temperature and crush the large pieces of biomass raw materials. At the same time, the spiral feeder 3 rotates on its own axis, crushing the biomass raw materials while conveying them. It can be seen that the biomass rotary cracking gasification furnace of the present invention does not need to crush the biomass raw materials before feeding, and feeds them after forming small particles, which saves the pretreatment of the biomass raw materials and can continuously gasify large pieces of biomass raw materials in one device.

[0038] As an example, the large biomass raw material refers to biomass with a maximum diameter of 4-10 cm, such as a diameter of 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 8 cm, 9 cm, and 10 cm.

[0039] Specifically, the two ends of the rotating inner shell 1 are respectively a front cone 401 and a rear cone 402, the furnace shell 2 is cylindrical, and the discharge port 5 is arranged at the tip of the front cone 401 to reduce the ash clogging near the discharge port 5 when discharging solid ash.

[0040] In one embodiment, it further includes a porous air inlet pipe 6, which is arranged to penetrate the rotating inner shell 1. A plurality of air outlet holes 61 are provided on the side wall of the porous air inlet pipe 6. The gas in the porous air inlet pipe 6 is sprayed into the rotating inner shell 1 through the air outlet holes 61.

[0041] It can be understood that the porous air inlet pipe 6 is provided with an air inlet.

[0042] Specifically, the porous air inlet pipe 6 enters into the rotating inner shell 1 from the tip of the rear conical portion 402 , and a graphite ring 403 may be used to seal between the rotating inner shell 1 and the porous air inlet pipe 6 .

[0043] Specifically, air, oxygen or water vapor enters the porous air inlet pipe 6 from the air inlet, and is ejected into the rotating inner shell 1 through the air outlet 61 to participate in the biomass gasification, promote the drying, pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions of the biomass, and convert it into gaseous products (synthesis gas), liquid products (tar, bio-oil, gasoline, etc.) and solid products (coke).

[0044] More specifically, the porous air inlet pipe 6 is coaxially arranged with the rotation center of the spiral feeding member 3 to avoid interference between the spiral feeding member 3 and the porous air inlet pipe 6 during rotation.

[0045] Specifically, the porous air inlet pipe 6 is coaxially arranged with the rotation center of the rotating inner shell 1 .

[0046] In one embodiment, a plurality of vibration facilities 8 are connected to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell 1 , and the vibration facilities 8 are used to vibrate the rotating inner shell 1 to prevent the biomass raw material from sticking to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell 1 .

[0047] Specifically, the vibration device 8 is a percussion hammer, a vibration pump, a vibration motor, etc.

[0048] Specifically, the shaking facilities 8 are evenly distributed along the width direction and the length direction of the inner wall of the rotating inner shell 1 to evenly shake the rotating inner shell 1 and reduce the adhesion of the biomass raw materials to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell 1.

[0049] In one embodiment, an angle adjustment device 9 is further included, which is arranged on one side of the furnace shell 2 along the axial direction of the furnace shell 2. When the output end of the angle adjustment device 9 is extended or retracted, the furnace shell 2 and the rotating inner shell 1 are tilted, so as to facilitate the flow of biomass raw materials in the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasification furnace.

[0050] The angle adjustment device 9 can be a telescopic cylinder or a hydraulic lifting rod. The hydraulic lifting rod is taken as an example to illustrate the working principle:

[0051] Schematic diagram 1: The fixed end of the hydraulic lifting rod is set on the ground or any horizontal fixed part, and the output end of the hydraulic lifting rod is connected to the furnace shell 2. The telescopic cylinder is set on the side of the furnace shell 2 close to the feed port 4. When the hydraulic lifting rod is retracted, the axis of the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace shell 2 are parallel to the horizontal line. When the hydraulic lifting rod is extended, the furnace shell 2 and the rotating inner shell 1 close to the feed port 4 are synchronously lifted up, and the furnace shell 2 and the rotating inner shell 1 are tilted toward the discharge port 5 to assist in discharging.

[0052] Example 2: The fixed end of the hydraulic lifting rod is arranged on the ground or any horizontal fixed part, and the output end of the hydraulic lifting rod is connected to the furnace shell 2. The hydraulic lifting rod is arranged on the side of the furnace shell 2 close to the discharge port 5. When the hydraulic lifting rod is extended, the axis of the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace shell 2 is parallel to the horizontal line. When the hydraulic lifting rod is retracted, the furnace shell 2 and the rotating inner shell 1 are tilted toward the discharge port 5 to assist in discharging.

[0053] It is understandable that the connection positions of the fixed end and the output end of the hydraulic lifting rod in Example 1 and Example 2 can be swapped.

[0054] Specifically, the angle adjustment device 9 adjusts the furnace shell 2 to an inclination angle of 0° to 15° toward the discharge port 5 .

[0055] In one embodiment, a heating space 100 is provided between the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace body outer shell 2, a heat source inlet 101 is provided on one side of the furnace body outer shell 2, and a heat source outlet 102 is provided on the other side of the furnace body outer shell 2, and the heat source inlet 101 and the heat source outlet 102 are connected to the heating space 100.

[0056] The heat source inlet 101 and the heat source outlet 102 are respectively arranged on the two sides of the rotating inner shell 1, rather than on the same side, so as to ensure that the heat source is fully circulated in the heating space 100, and avoid the heat source entering the heating space 100 from the heat source inlet 101 and then directly flowing out from the heat source outlet 102. The latter will cause a large temperature difference in the heating space 100, which is not conducive to biomass cracking.

[0057] Specifically, the heat source inlet 101 is arranged at a side close to the discharge port 5, and the heat source outlet 102 is arranged at a side close to the feed port 4. That is, it can be understood that the temperature of the heating space 100 increases from the heat source outlet 102 to the heat source inlet 101, so the rotating inner shell 1 can be divided into a drying section, a cracking section and a gasification section from the heat source outlet 102 to the heat source inlet 101, that is, the biomass raw material passes through the drying section, the cracking section and the gasification section in the rotating inner shell 1 in sequence.

[0058] Among them, the temperature range of the drying section is 100-300°C. After the biomass enters the biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier, the surface moisture is precipitated under the action of heat; the temperature range of the cracking section is 400-600°C. The biomass releases about 70% of volatile components in the cracking section, such as water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, tar and other hydrocarbons; the temperature range of the gasification section is 1000-1200°C. The solids remaining after cracking react with oxygen to generate CO, CO2 and other gases, and release reaction heat, converting the chemical energy in the solid fuel into chemical energy in the combustible gas, which can then be used for combustion or energy conversion.

[0059] Specifically, the heat source in the heating space 100 may also be referred to as a heating medium, and the heating medium is hot steam.

[0060] More specifically, a detachable sealing cover (not shown in the figure) is provided on the heat source inlet 101 and the heat source outlet 102. The sealing cover closes the heat source inlet 101 and the heat source outlet 102, and can seal the heating space 100 to reduce heat loss in the heating space 100 and improve the utilization rate of the heat source.

[0061] In one embodiment, a plurality of heat source guide plates 103 are provided between the outer wall of the rotating inner shell 1 and / or the inner wall of the furnace body outer shell 2. The heat source guide plates 103 can reduce the flow rate of the heat source in the heating space 100 to improve the heat conduction efficiency; on the other hand, the heat source guide plates 103 can guide the flow direction of the heat source to avoid the heat source from accumulating at a certain position.

[0062] Specifically, the heat source guide plate 103 is arranged parallel to the radial direction of the rotating inner shell 1. At this time, the area of ​​the heat source guide plate 103 can be minimized, the manufacturing material is less, and the manufacturing cost can be saved.

[0063] Specifically, the heat source guide plate 103 is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating inner shell 1 and is inclined toward the heat source inlet 101 .

[0064] It is understandable that no matter the heat source guide plate 103 is arranged on the outer wall of the rotating inner shell 1 or the inner wall of the furnace body outer shell 2, one end of the heat source guide plate 103 needs to be suspended to allow the heat source to flow through, so as to play the role of guiding the heat source.

[0065] In one embodiment, the rotating inner shell 1 and one side of the furnace outer shell 2 are provided with a first rotating bearing 201, a first passive wheel 202 and a first active driving device;

[0066] The second rotating bearing 301, the second passive wheel 302 and the second active driving device are provided on the other side of the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace outer shell 2;

[0067] One side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing 201 and the second rotating bearing 301 is fixedly connected to the rotating inner shell 1;

[0068] The other side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing 201 is fixedly connected to the first passive wheel 202;

[0069] The other side of the inner ring of the second rotating bearing 301 is fixedly connected to the second passive wheel 302;

[0070] The outer rings of the first rotating bearing 201 and the second rotating bearing 301 are fixedly connected to the furnace shell 2;

[0071] The first active driving device is connected to the first passive wheel 202 by gear transmission;

[0072] The second active driving device is connected to the second passive wheel 302 by gear transmission.

[0073] That is, the first active driving device drives the first passive wheel 202 to rotate, and the second active driving device drives the second passive wheel 302 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating inner shell 1 to rotate relative to the furnace body outer shell.

[0074] More specifically, the first active driving device includes a first driving member (not shown in the figure) and a first active gear 203, and the first active gear 203 is driven by a first passive gear 202;

[0075] The second active driving device includes a second driving member (not shown in the figure) and a second active gear 303 . The second active gear 303 is driven by the second passive gear 302 .

[0076] In one embodiment, a graphite seal is provided between the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace body outer shell 2. The graphite seal is made of graphite, which has the advantages of high temperature resistance and self-lubrication. The rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace body outer shell 2 will rub against the graphite during operation, and the falling graphite powder will fill the gap between the rotating inner shell 1 and the graphite seal, and between the furnace body outer shell 2 and the graphite seal, forming a graphite layer attached to the outer surface of the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace body outer shell 2. The graphite layer and the graphite seal form friction between graphite during the rotation of the rotating inner shell 1, and the bonding force between the graphite layers is weak, which is easy to slide relative to each other, so that the graphite seal has the function of self-lubrication; and when a large amount of black dust appears on the outside of the rotating inner shell 1 and the furnace body outer shell 2, the operator can know that the graphite seal is worn and failed, and replace and maintain it in time.

[0077] Specifically, the feed port 4 and / or the discharge port 5 are provided with an end cover, which can seal the feed port 4 and / or the discharge port 5, and is opened when discharging and loading, and the rotating inner shell 1 is closed at other times to reduce heat loss.

[0078] The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the present invention, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier, characterized in that: It comprises a rotating inner shell (1), a furnace outer shell (2), a spiral feeding member (3), a feed port (4) and a discharge port (5); The furnace body outer shell (2) is arranged outside the rotating inner shell (1), and the rotating inner shell (1) rotates relative to the furnace body outer shell (2); The feed port (4) and the discharge port (5) are respectively arranged at two ends of the rotating inner shell (1); The spiral feeding member (3) is arranged in the rotating inner shell (1) so as to rotate on its axis, and the spiral feeding member (3) is used to propel the biomass raw material in the rotating inner shell (1) from the feed port (4) to the discharge port (5).

2. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a multi-porous air inlet pipe (6), the multi-porous air inlet pipe (6) being arranged to penetrate the rotating inner shell (1), a plurality of air outlet holes (61) being arranged on the side wall of the multi-porous air inlet pipe (6), and the gas in the multi-porous air inlet pipe (6) being sprayed into the rotating inner shell (1) through the air outlet holes (61).

3. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-hole air inlet pipe (6) is coaxially arranged with the rotation center of the rotating inner shell (1).

4. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of vibration facilities (8) are connected to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell (1), and the vibration facilities (8) are used to vibrate the rotating inner shell (1) to prevent the biomass raw material from adhering to the inner wall of the rotating inner shell (1).

5. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises an angle adjustment device (9) which is arranged on one side of the furnace shell (2) along the axial direction of the furnace shell (2); when the output end of the angle adjustment device (9) is extended or retracted, the furnace shell (2) and the rotating inner shell (1) are tilted.

6. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating space (100) is provided between the rotating inner shell (1) and the furnace outer shell (2); a heat source inlet (101) is provided on one side of the furnace outer shell (2); and a heat source outlet (102) is provided on the other side of the furnace outer shell (2); the heat source inlet (101) and the heat source outlet (102) are connected to the heating space (100).

7. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of heat source guide plates (103) are provided between the outer wall of the rotating inner shell (1) and / or the inner wall of the furnace outer shell (2).

8. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first rotating bearing (201), a first passive wheel (202) and a first active driving device are provided on one side of the rotating inner shell (1) and the furnace outer shell (2); A second rotating bearing (301), a second passive wheel (302) and a second active driving device are provided on the other side of the rotating inner shell (1) and the furnace outer shell (2); One side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing (201) and the second rotating bearing (301) is fixedly connected to the rotating inner shell (1); The other side of the inner ring of the first rotating bearing (201) is fixedly connected to the first passive wheel (202); The other side of the inner ring of the second rotating bearing (301) is fixedly connected to the second passive wheel (302); The outer rings of the first rotating bearing (201) and the second rotating bearing (301) are fixedly connected to the furnace shell (2); The first active driving device is connected to the first passive wheel (202) by gear transmission; The second active driving device is connected to the second passive wheel (302) by gear transmission.

9. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: A graphite seal is provided between the rotating inner shell (1) and the furnace outer shell (2).

10. The biomass rotary pyrolysis gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: The feed port (4) and / or the discharge port (5) are provided with end covers.

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