Household garbage pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and relates to a household garbage pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system and method. Comprising a household garbage receiving system, a household garbage crushing and dewatering system, a household garbage drying system, a household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system, a mixed gas purification and separation system, flue gas purification equipment and a filtrate treatment system, the household garbage receiving system is respectively connected with the household garbage crushing and dewatering system and the filtrate treatment system; the household garbage crushing and dewatering system is respectively connected with the household garbage drying system and the filtrate treatment system; the household garbage drying system is connected with the household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system, the mixed gas purification and separation system and the flue gas purification equipment respectively; the mixed gas purification and separation system is connected with the household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system; and efficient treatment of household garbage and full utilization of resources are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of domestic waste treatment, and relates to a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification hydrogen production system and method. Background Art

[0002] The treatment of urban domestic waste has always been a difficult problem. Although traditional landfill and incineration methods have solved the problem of waste accumulation in the short term, their resource utilization rate is extremely low, which has caused a long-term burden on the environment. With the advancement of science and technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, people have begun to explore new ways to convert domestic waste into renewable energy, among which domestic waste hydrogen production technology is regarded as a potential solution.

[0003] However, the current technology for producing hydrogen from domestic waste still faces many challenges. As an efficient way to produce hydrogen, gasification has strict requirements on the calorific value and water content of waste. Ideally, the calorific value of the waste should be above 1,500 kcal, and the water content should be controlled below 35% to ensure the smooth progress of the gasification process and efficient hydrogen production. However, the domestic waste in most cities has the characteristics of high water content and low calorific value, which directly limits the widespread application of gasification. Even in some areas with higher calorific values, it is difficult to meet the strict requirements of the gasification method for waste quality due to the lack of waste sorting and pretreatment technology.

[0004] Although the pyrolysis method can handle a wider range of waste types, its process requires complex equipment and operating conditions. Extreme environments such as high temperature and high pressure not only increase the difficulty of technical implementation, but also increase the operating and maintenance costs of the equipment. In addition, the harmful gases and solid residues produced during the pyrolysis process also need to be properly handled to avoid secondary pollution to the environment.

[0005] The anaerobic fermentation method is limited in its application in large-scale hydrogen production because of its long process time. Although the anaerobic fermentation method has significant advantages in treating organic waste, its slow hydrogen production rate and low output make it difficult to meet the needs of industrial-grade hydrogen production. At the same time, the anaerobic fermentation method also has certain requirements for the composition and pretreatment of garbage, such as the need to remove food waste and other non-burnable contents, which further increases the cost and complexity of garbage pretreatment.

[0006] To summarize, the current domestic waste hydrogen production technology has main problems such as complex composition of domestic waste, high water content, relatively low hydrogen production rate and output, and the need to further improve the stability and reliability of the technology. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a system and method for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, which realizes efficient treatment of domestic waste and full utilization of resources.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In the first aspect, the present invention provides a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification hydrogen production system, including a domestic waste receiving system, a domestic waste crushing and dehydration system, a domestic waste drying system, a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system, a mixed gas purification and separation system, a flue gas purification equipment and a filtrate treatment system; the domestic waste receiving system is respectively connected to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system and the filtrate treatment system; the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system is respectively connected to the domestic waste drying system and the filtrate treatment system; the domestic waste drying system is respectively connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system, the mixed gas purification and separation system and the flue gas purification equipment; the mixed gas purification and separation system is connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system.

[0009] Preferably, the domestic waste receiving system includes a waste receiving tank, a first filter plate, a liquid outlet, a first waste conveyor belt and an iron remover; a liquid outlet is provided at the bottom of the waste receiving tank; the liquid outlet is connected to the filtrate treatment system; a first filter plate is provided above the waste receiving tank; one end of the first waste conveyor belt is connected to the first filter plate, and the other end is connected to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system; an iron remover is provided on the outer wall of the waste receiving tank; the iron remover is provided above the first waste conveyor belt.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system is provided with a first feed hopper, a coarse crushing device and a fine crushing device in sequence from top to bottom; the first feed hopper is connected to the first garbage conveyor belt; a hydraulic plate and an extrusion plate are provided inside the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system; the hydraulic plate is connected to the hydraulic shaft; the hydraulic shaft is connected to the power system; a drain port is provided at the bottom of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system; a second filter plate is provided above the drain port; a discharge bin is provided next to the extrusion plate; a second garbage conveyor belt is provided inside the discharge bin; the second garbage conveyor belt is connected to the domestic waste drying system.

[0011] Preferably, a second feed hopper is provided inside the domestic waste drying system; the second feed hopper is connected to the second garbage conveyor belt; an air collecting hopper connected to the second feed hopper is provided above the second feed hopper; the air collecting hopper is connected to the flue gas purification equipment; a heat exchange conveyor belt is provided inside the domestic waste drying system; a drying equipment interlayer is provided on the side wall of the domestic waste drying system; the heat exchange conveyor belt is connected to the drying equipment interlayer; a first mixed gas inlet and a garbage outlet are provided at the bottom of the domestic waste drying system; the first mixed gas inlet is connected to the drying equipment interlayer; a flue gas inlet is provided on the side wall of the domestic waste drying system; the first mixed gas inlet, the garbage outlet and the flue gas inlet are all connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system; a first mixed gas outlet is provided at the top of the domestic waste drying system; the first mixed gas outlet is connected to the mixed gas purification and separation system.

[0012] Preferably, the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; a pyrolysis gas outlet and a smoke outlet are arranged on the top of the pyrolysis furnace; a first garbage feed inlet, a recycling gas inlet, a second garbage feed inlet and an air inlet are arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace in order from top to bottom; the first garbage feed inlet and the second garbage feed inlet are both connected to the garbage outlet; the recycling gas inlet and the pyrolysis gas outlet are connected outside the pyrolysis furnace through a pipeline; a plurality of inclined heat exchange plates are arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace; The interlayer of the pyrolysis furnace; the interlayer of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the heat exchange plate and the smoke outlet respectively; a pyrolytic carbon discharging device is arranged below the heat exchange plate; an air distribution pipe is arranged below the pyrolytic carbon discharging device; the air distribution pipe is connected with the air inlet; a slag collecting hopper is arranged below the air distribution pipe; a first slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace; the slag collecting hopper is connected with the first slag outlet; a pyrolytic carbon discharging port is also arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; one end of the pyrolytic carbon discharging port is connected with the pyrolytic carbon discharging device, and the other end is connected with the crushing device; A feed pipe is arranged inside the gasifier; a plurality of distribution ports are arranged on the feed pipe; a second mixed gas outlet is arranged above the feed pipe; a second slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the gasifier; an oxygen inlet and a steam inlet are arranged on the side wall of the gasifier; the oxygen inlet is connected to an air separator; the second mixed gas outlet is connected to the first mixed gas inlet; a gasifier interlayer is arranged on the side wall of the gasifier; the pyrolysis furnace interlayer and the gasifier interlayer are connected by a flue gas connecting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the mixed gas purification and separation system includes a dehydration unit, a purification unit and a separation unit; the dehydration unit is connected to the purification unit; the purification unit is connected to the separation unit; a second mixed gas inlet is provided at the top of the dehydration unit; the second mixed gas inlet is connected to the first mixed gas outlet; a hydrogen outlet is provided at the top of the separation unit; a recycled gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the separation unit; the recycled gas outlet is connected to the recycled gas inlet.

[0014] Preferably, the dehydration unit adopts one or a combination of solvent absorption method, chemical reaction method, solid adsorption method and membrane separation method; the purification unit adopts one or a combination of pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification and chemical absorption method; the separation unit adopts one or a combination of dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization and biological desulfurization.

[0015] Preferably, the filtrate treatment system comprises a treatment unit; a filtrate inlet is arranged on the top of the treatment unit; the filtrate inlet is connected to the liquid outlet and the liquid discharge port respectively; and a filtrate outlet is arranged on the side wall of the treatment unit.

[0016] Preferably, the filtrate treatment system adopts one of a two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis treatment process, a medium-temperature anaerobic system+MBR+RO process or a MVR evaporator+DI ion exchange process.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, the method specifically comprising the following steps: Domestic waste is received by the domestic waste receiving system, which performs initial dehydration on the domestic waste and discharges the generated filtrate to the filtrate treatment system; the domestic waste after initial dehydration is transported to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system; the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system further dehydrates and compresses the domestic waste and discharges the generated filtrate to the filtrate treatment system, and the dehydrated domestic waste is transported to the domestic waste drying system; the filtrate from the domestic waste receiving system and the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system is treated by the filtrate treatment system and then discharged after meeting the standards; The dehydrated domestic waste is further dried in the domestic waste drying system. The dried domestic waste enters the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system, where a portion is carbonized and the other portion is burned in the combustion area for heat supply; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is heat exchanged to provide heat for the carbonization process; the flue gas after heat exchange directly contacts the domestic waste to directly dry it, and the flue gas after direct drying is discharged to the flue gas purification equipment, and is discharged up to the standard after being treated by the flue gas purification equipment; The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is transported to the combustion area through a pipeline for further combustion, and the pyrolysis carbon generated in the carbonization process is used for the gasification process; the high-temperature mixed gas generated in the gasification process is discharged to the domestic waste drying system, and the high-temperature mixed gas is used to indirectly dry the domestic waste. The mixed gas after indirect drying and heat exchange is discharged to the mixed gas purification and separation system, and the mixed gas is treated by the purification and separation system, and the generated hydrogen is discharged, and the generated recovered gas is discharged to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system for further combustion and utilization.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention separates metal substances in domestic waste through a domestic waste receiving system and performs preliminary dehydration treatment; reduces the particle size of domestic waste through a domestic waste crushing and dehydration system and performs re-dehydration treatment; reduces the moisture content of domestic waste through a domestic waste drying system to create conditions for the subsequent domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification hydrogen production process; realizes carbonization and gasification of domestic waste through a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system; and purifies and utilizes hydrogen through a mixed gas purification and separation system. During the operation of the system, the present invention uses part of the domestic waste as a raw material to provide a heat source for the system, and realizes the cascade utilization of heat in flue gas and mixed gas in the system, achieving the effect of treating pollution with pollution and efficient treatment; the present invention has the characteristics of being green, low-carbon and comprehensive resource utilization, and has good treatment effects and broad application prospects for the treatment of domestic waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the domestic waste drying system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system of the present invention.

[0021] Among them: 1. Domestic waste receiving system; 101. Waste receiving pool; 102. First filter plate; 103. Liquid outlet; 104. First garbage conveying belt; 105. Iron remover; 2. Domestic waste crushing and dehydration system; 201. First feed hopper; 202. Coarse crushing device; 203. Fine crushing device; 204. Hydraulic shaft; 205. Hydraulic plate; 206. Power system; 207. Liquid outlet; 208. Second filter plate; 209. Extrusion plate; 210, discharge bin; 211, second garbage conveyor belt; 3, domestic garbage drying system; 301, second feed hopper; 302, gas collecting hopper; 303, first mixed gas outlet; 304, drying equipment interlayer; 305, heat exchange conveyor belt; 306, first mixed gas inlet; 307, garbage outlet; 308, flue gas inlet; 4, domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification system; 401, first garbage feed inlet; 402, heat exchange plate; 403, pyrolysis furnace interlayer ; 404, pyrolytic carbon discharging device; 405, recycled gas inlet; 406, second garbage feeding port; 407, air inlet; 408, air distribution pipe; 409, slag collecting bucket; 410, first slag outlet; 411, flue gas connecting pipe; 412, pyrolytic carbon discharging port; 413, pyrolytic gas outlet; 414, flue gas outlet; 415, crushing device; 416, feeding pipe; 417, distribution port; 418, oxygen inlet; 419, steam inlet; 4 20. Air separator; 421. Second slag outlet; 422. Second mixed gas outlet; 423. Gasifier interlayer; 5. Mixed gas purification and separation system; 501. Second mixed gas inlet; 502. Hydrogen outlet; 503. Recovery gas outlet; 504. Dehydration unit; 505. Purification unit; 506. Separation unit; 6. Flue gas purification equipment; 7. Filtrate treatment system; 701. Filtrate inlet; 702. Treatment unit; 703. Filtrate outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inner", etc. indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", which does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: The first object of the present invention is to provide a system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a domestic waste receiving system 1, a domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2, a domestic waste drying system 3, a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4, a mixed gas purification and separation system 5, a flue gas purification device 6 and a filtrate treatment system 7; the domestic waste receiving system 1 is respectively connected to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 and the filtrate treatment system 7; the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 is respectively connected to the domestic waste drying system 3 and the filtrate treatment system 7; the domestic waste drying system 3 is respectively connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4, the mixed gas purification and separation system 5 and the flue gas purification device 6; the mixed gas purification and separation system 5 is connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4.

[0029] The domestic waste receiving system 1 is responsible for receiving and temporarily storing domestic waste, and performing primary dehydration treatment; the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 is used to crush and dehydrate domestic waste to reduce the volume and weight of the waste. The crushing process breaks down large pieces of waste into small pieces, which is convenient for subsequent drying and pyrolysis and gasification treatment; the dehydration process can remove excess water from the waste, reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions during pyrolysis and gasification. The domestic waste drying system 3 further removes water from the waste to improve the calorific value and combustion efficiency of the waste. The dried waste is easier to pyrolyze and gasify, and can produce more mixed gas and heat energy. The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4 uses part of the dried domestic waste for carbonization treatment, and the other part is burned to provide heat energy; the mixed gas purification and separation system 5 purifies the mixed gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification, removes impurities such as dust, tar, and acidic gas, so as to improve the quality and utilization value of the mixed gas. The purified mixed gas can be used for gas turbine power generation, internal combustion engine power generation, or as a heat source. The flue gas purification equipment 6 purifies the flue gas generated during the pyrolysis and gasification process to reduce the emission of pollutants. The purified flue gas can meet the environmental emission standards and reduce the impact on the environment. The filtrate treatment system 7 is used to treat the filtrate generated by the domestic waste receiving system 1 and the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2, remove harmful substances therein, make the filtrate meet the emission standards or reuse requirements, so as to achieve effective treatment and resource utilization of the filtrate.

[0030] The domestic waste receiving system 1 includes a waste receiving pool 101, a first filter plate 102, a liquid outlet 103, a first waste conveying belt 104 and an iron remover 105; a liquid outlet 103 is provided at the bottom of the waste receiving pool 101; the liquid outlet 103 is connected to the filtrate treatment system 7; a first filter plate 102 is provided above the waste receiving pool 101; one end of the first waste conveying belt 104 is connected to the first filter plate 102, and the other end is connected to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2; an iron remover 105 is provided on the outer wall of the waste receiving pool 101; the iron remover 105 is provided above the first waste conveying belt 104, and the iron remover 105 is used to remove iron objects (such as metal cans, nails, etc.) from the waste to prevent these objects from causing equipment damage or affecting the treatment effect during subsequent processing.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, the top of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 is provided with a first feed hopper 201, a coarse crushing device 202 and a fine crushing device 203 in sequence from top to bottom; the first feed hopper 201 is connected to the first garbage conveying belt 104; a hydraulic plate 205 and an extrusion plate 209 are arranged inside the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2; the hydraulic plate 205 is connected to the hydraulic shaft 204; the hydraulic shaft 204 is connected to the power system 206; a drain port 207 is arranged at the bottom of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2; a second filter plate 208 is arranged above the drain port 207; a discharge bin 210 is arranged next to the extrusion plate 209; a second garbage conveying belt 211 is arranged inside the discharge bin 210; the second garbage conveying belt 211 is connected to the domestic waste drying system 3. The hydraulic shaft 204 is connected to the hydraulic plate 205 and is powered by the power system 206 to compress the domestic waste. The second filter plate 208, the hydraulic plate 205 and the extrusion plate 209 together constitute a compression area. The filtrate produced by the compression is collected at the bottom of the device through the second filter plate 208. The bottom has a certain slope and is regularly discharged from the drain port 207 to the filtrate treatment system 7.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the domestic waste drying system 3 uses high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature mixed gas as heat sources, and adopts vertical multi-stage drying equipment to perform multi-element drying treatment on domestic waste, wherein a second feed hopper 301 is arranged inside; the second feed hopper 301 is connected to the second garbage conveying belt 211; an air collecting hopper 302 connected to the second feed hopper 301 is arranged above the second feed hopper 301; the air collecting hopper 302 is connected to the flue gas purification equipment 6; a heat exchange conveying belt 305 is arranged inside the domestic waste drying system 3; a drying equipment interlayer 304 is arranged on the side wall of the domestic waste drying system 3; the heat exchange conveying belt 305 is connected to the second garbage conveying belt 21 ... The conveyor belt 305 is connected to the drying equipment interlayer 304; a first mixed gas inlet 306 and a garbage outlet 307 are arranged at the bottom of the domestic waste drying system 3; the first mixed gas inlet 306 is connected to the drying equipment interlayer 304; a smoke inlet 308 is arranged on the side wall of the domestic waste drying system 3; the first mixed gas inlet 306, the garbage outlet 307 and the smoke inlet 308 are all connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system 4; a first mixed gas outlet 303 is arranged at the top of the domestic waste drying system 3; the first mixed gas outlet 303 is connected to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5.

[0033] like Figure 4As shown, the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4 includes a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; a pyrolysis gas outlet 413 and a smoke outlet 414 are arranged on the top of the pyrolysis furnace; the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first garbage feed inlet 401, a recovery gas inlet 405, a second garbage feed inlet 406 and an air inlet 407 from top to bottom; the first garbage feed inlet 401 and the second garbage feed inlet 406 are both connected to the garbage outlet 307; the recovery gas inlet 405 and the pyrolysis gas outlet 413 are connected outside the pyrolysis furnace through a pipeline; a plurality of inclined heat exchange plates 402 are arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis furnace interlayer 403 is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace interlayer 403 is respectively connected to the heat exchange plate 402 and the smoke outlet 414; a pyrolysis carbon discharge device 40 is arranged below the heat exchange plate 402 4; an air distribution pipe 408 is arranged below the pyrolysis carbon discharging device 404; the air distribution pipe 408 is connected to the air inlet 407; a slag collecting hopper 409 is arranged below the air distribution pipe 408; a first slag outlet 410 is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace; the slag collecting hopper 409 is connected to the first slag outlet 410; a pyrolysis carbon discharging port 412 is also arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; one end of the pyrolysis carbon discharging port 412 is connected to the pyrolysis carbon discharging device 404, and the other end is connected to the crushing device 415; the garbage from the first garbage inlet 401 is carbonized, and the garbage from the second garbage inlet 406 is burned in the combustion zone arranged at the lower side of the domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification system 4 to provide a heat source for the carbonization zone arranged at the upper side of the system to carbonize the domestic garbage, so as to achieve the effect of treating pollution with pollution and efficient treatment. The air required for combustion enters from the air inlet 407 and is evenly supplied under the action of the air distribution pipe 408.

[0034] A feed pipe 416 is provided inside the gasifier; a plurality of distribution ports 417 are provided on the feed pipe 416; a second mixed gas outlet 422 is provided above the feed pipe 416; a second slag outlet 421 is provided at the bottom of the gasifier; an oxygen inlet 418 and a steam inlet 419 are provided on the side wall of the gasifier; the oxygen inlet 418 is connected to an air separator 420; the second mixed gas outlet 422 is connected to the first mixed gas inlet 306; a gasifier interlayer 423 is provided on the side wall of the gasifier; the pyrolysis furnace interlayer 403 and the gasifier interlayer 423 are connected via a flue gas connecting pipe 411.

[0035] The mixed gas purification and separation system 5 includes a dehydration unit 504, a purification unit 505 and a separation unit 506; the dehydration unit 504 is connected to the purification unit 505; the purification unit 505 is connected to the separation unit 506; a second mixed gas inlet 501 is arranged at the top of the dehydration unit 504; the second mixed gas inlet 501 is connected to the first mixed gas outlet 303; a hydrogen outlet 502 is arranged at the top of the separation unit 506; a recovery gas outlet 503 is arranged on the side wall of the separation unit 506; the recovery gas outlet 503 is connected to the recovery gas inlet 405.

[0036] The dehydration unit 504 adopts one or a combination of solvent absorption, chemical reaction, solid adsorption and membrane separation; the purification unit 505 adopts one or a combination of pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification and chemical absorption; the separation unit 506 adopts one or a combination of dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization and biological desulfurization.

[0037] The filtrate treatment system 7 comprises a treatment unit 702 ; a filtrate inlet 701 is disposed on the top of the treatment unit 702 ; the filtrate inlet 701 is connected to the liquid outlet 103 and the liquid discharge port 207 , respectively; and a filtrate outlet 703 is disposed on the side wall of the treatment unit 702 .

[0038] The filtrate treatment system 7 adopts one of the following treatment processes: a two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis treatment process, a medium-temperature anaerobic system + MBR + RO process, or a MVR evaporator + DI ion exchange process.

[0039] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, which specifically comprises the following steps: The domestic waste is received by the domestic waste receiving system 1, which performs primary dehydration on the domestic waste, and the generated filtrate is discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7; the domestic waste after primary dehydration is transported to the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2; the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 further dehydrates and compresses the domestic waste, and the generated filtrate is discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7, and the domestic waste after dehydration is transported to the domestic waste drying system 3; the filtrate from the domestic waste receiving system 1 and the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 is treated by the filtrate treatment system 7 and then discharged after meeting the standards; The dehydrated domestic waste is further dried in the domestic waste drying system 3. The dried domestic waste enters the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system (4), where a portion is carbonized and the other portion is burned in the combustion zone for heat supply; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is heat exchanged to provide heat for the carbonization process; the flue gas after the heat exchange directly contacts the domestic waste to directly dry it, and the flue gas after the direct drying process is discharged to the flue gas purification device 6, and after being treated by the flue gas purification device 6 and meeting the requirements of the "Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Incineration" (GB18485), it is then discharged; The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is transported to the combustion zone through a pipeline for further combustion, and the pyrolysis carbon generated in the carbonization process is used for the gasification process; the high-temperature mixed gas generated in the gasification process is discharged to the domestic waste drying system 3, and the high-temperature mixed gas is used to indirectly dry the domestic waste. The mixed gas after indirect drying and heat exchange is discharged to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5, and the purification and separation system 5 processes the mixed gas, and the generated hydrogen is discharged, and the generated recovered gas is discharged to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 for further combustion and utilization.

[0040] Specifically, domestic garbage enters from the top of the garbage receiving pool 101 and is temporarily stored on the first filter plate 102, the aperture of the first filter plate 102 is 10-20 mm; the filtrate is temporarily stored at the bottom of the garbage receiving pool 101 through the first filter plate 102, and is regularly discharged from the liquid outlet 103 to the filtrate treatment system 7; the domestic garbage preliminarily dehydrated by the first filter plate 102 is transported to the first feed hopper 201 of the domestic garbage crushing and dehydration system 2 through the first garbage conveyor belt 104; The domestic garbage entering the first feed hopper 201 passes through the coarse crushing device 202 and the fine crushing device 203 in turn and enters the compression area; the garbage particle size after crushing by the coarse crushing device 202 is less than 10 cm, and the garbage particle size after crushing by the fine crushing device 203 is less than 3 cm; the domestic garbage is squeezed and dehydrated under the action of the hydraulic shaft 204 and the hydraulic plate 205, and the moisture content of the domestic garbage after squeezing and dehydration is less than 40%; the extracted leachate is collected at the bottom of the device through the second filter plate 208 at the bottom of the domestic garbage crushing and dehydration system 2, and is regularly discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7 through the drain port 207, and the aperture of the second filter plate 208 is 5-10 mm, and the hole spacing is 5-10 cm; the dehydrated domestic garbage enters the discharge bin 210 for temporary storage, and is transported to the second feed hopper 301 of the domestic garbage drying system 3 by the second garbage conveyor belt 211 for the next step of processing; The domestic waste enters the domestic waste drying system 3 from the second feed hopper 301, and is dried on the heat exchange conveyor belt 305. The moisture content of the dried domestic waste is less than 20%, and it is transported to the waste outlet 307, and enters the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 from the first waste feed port 401 and the second waste feed port 406 respectively; the waste entering from the first waste feed port 401 is carbonized in the carbonization zone at a temperature of 300-500°C and a carbonization time of 0.5-2h; the waste entering from the second waste feed port 406 is burned and heated in the combustion zone; air enters from the air inlet 407 through the air distribution pipe 408 to provide oxygen for the combustion process, and the high The warm flue gas is provided with heat for the carbonization process by the pyrolysis furnace interlayer 403 and the heat exchange plate 402; the flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the flue gas outlet 414 to the flue gas inlet 308 of the domestic waste drying system 3, and the flue gas after heat exchange enters the domestic waste drying system 3 from the flue gas inlet 308 to directly contact with the domestic waste to directly dry it, and the flue gas after heat exchange again is collected by the gas collecting hopper 302 and discharged to the flue gas purification equipment 6; the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 413, and is transported to the recovery gas inlet 405 through a pipeline for combustion, and the pyrolysis carbon generated by carbonization is transported to the pyrolysis carbon outlet 412 by the pyrolysis carbon outlet device 404; the residue generated by combustion is discharged from the first slag outlet 410; The pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic carbon outlet 412 is first crushed by the crushing device 415, and the crushed pyrolytic carbon particle size is less than 0.1mm, and then enters the gasifier through the feed pipe 416; the distribution is carried out through the distribution port 417, and the pyrolytic carbon and the oxygen from the oxygen inlet 418 and the water vapor from the steam inlet 419 are gasified under a certain temperature and pressure. The temperature of the gasification process is 900-1200°C, the gasification pressure is 2.0-4.0Mpa, and the gasification time is 1-2h; the high-temperature mixed gas generated by the gasification is discharged from the second mixed gas outlet 422 is discharged to the first mixed gas inlet 306 of the domestic waste drying system 3, and then enters the drying equipment interlayer 304 to diffuse into the heat exchange conveyor belt 305 to indirectly dry the domestic waste; the mixed gas after heat exchange is discharged from the first mixed gas outlet 303 to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5; the residue produced by gasification is discharged from the second slag outlet 421; the heat required for the gasification process comes from the combustion zone at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion passes through the pyrolysis furnace interlayer 403, the flue gas connecting pipe 411 and the gasification furnace interlayer 423 to realize heat supply; The mixed gas from the first mixed gas outlet 303 enters the mixed purification separation system 5 through the second mixed gas inlet 501, and is processed in sequence through the dehydration unit 504, the purification unit 505 and the separation unit 506. The generated hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen outlet 502, and the recovered gas is discharged from the recovered gas outlet 503 to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 for combustion and utilization. The flue gas from the gas collecting hopper 302 is treated by the flue gas purification equipment 6 and meets the emission standards; the filtrate from the liquid outlet 103 of the domestic waste receiving system 1 and the liquid outlet 207 of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2 enters the filtrate treatment system 7 through the filtrate inlet 701, and is discharged from the filtrate outlet 703 after being treated by the treatment unit 702 and meets the emission standards.

[0041] Embodiment 1: Domestic garbage with a moisture content of 50% enters the garbage receiving pool 101, and is first dehydrated by the first filter plate 102 with a pore size of 10mm and a pore spacing of 10cm. The moisture content of the dehydrated domestic garbage is 48%. The initially dehydrated domestic garbage is conveyed to the domestic garbage crushing and dehydration system 2 via a conveyor belt. The average diameter of the garbage particles after crushing by the coarse crushing device is 8cm, and the diameter of the garbage particles after crushing by the fine crushing device is 2cm. The moisture content of the crushed domestic garbage after extrusion and dehydration is 35%. The dehydrated domestic waste is transported by the waste conveyor belt to the domestic waste drying system to further reduce the moisture content to 15%. The dried domestic waste enters the combustion zone and carbonization zone of the pyrolysis furnace in a mass ratio of 2:3. The domestic waste is carbonized at 400°C for 1 hour, and the formed pyrolytic carbon is crushed to an average particle size of 50μm by a crushing device and enters the gasification furnace for gasification. The mass ratio of pyrolytic carbon to water vapor and oxygen is 1:1.2:0.4, the gasification temperature is 900°C, the gasification pressure is 2.0Mpa, and the gasification time is 2h; the generated synthesis gas enters the mixed gas purification and separation system for purification and purification after heat exchange and cooling in the domestic waste drying system to obtain hydrogen with a purity of 99.9vol%.

[0042] Embodiment 2: Domestic garbage with a moisture content of 45% enters the garbage receiving pool 101, and is first dehydrated by the first filter plate 102 with a pore size of 5mm and a pore spacing of 5cm. The moisture content of the dehydrated domestic garbage is 42%. The initially dehydrated domestic garbage is conveyed to the domestic garbage crushing and dehydration system 2 via a conveyor belt. The average diameter of the garbage particles after crushing by the coarse crushing device is 5cm, and the diameter of the garbage particles after crushing by the fine crushing device is 1cm. The moisture content of the crushed domestic garbage after extrusion and dehydration is 30%. The dehydrated domestic waste is conveyed by a waste conveyor belt to the domestic waste drying system to further reduce the moisture content to 12%. The dried domestic waste enters the combustion zone and carbonization zone of the pyrolysis furnace in a mass ratio of 1:2. The domestic waste is carbonized at 500°C for 0.5h. The formed pyrolytic carbon is crushed by a crushing device to an average particle size of 30μm and enters the gasification furnace for gasification. The mass ratio of pyrolytic carbon to water vapor and oxygen is 1:1.2:0.4, the gasification temperature is 1000°C, the gasification pressure is 3.0Mpa, and the gasification time is 1h. The generated synthesis gas enters the mixed gas purification and separation system for purification and purification after heat exchange and cooling in the domestic waste drying system to obtain hydrogen with a purity of 99.8vol%.

[0043] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, characterized in that: The system comprises a domestic waste receiving system (1), a domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2), a domestic waste drying system (3), a domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system (4), a mixed gas purification and separation system (5), a flue gas purification device (6) and a filtrate treatment system (7); the domestic waste receiving system (1) is connected to the domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2) and the filtrate treatment system (7) respectively; the domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2) is connected to the domestic waste drying system (3) and the filtrate treatment system (7) respectively; the domestic waste drying system (3) is connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system (4), the mixed gas purification and separation system (5) and the flue gas purification device (6) respectively; the mixed gas purification and separation system (5) is connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system (4).

2. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The domestic waste receiving system (1) comprises a waste receiving pool (101), a first filter plate (102), a liquid outlet (103), a first waste conveying belt (104) and an iron remover (105); a liquid outlet (103) is arranged at the bottom of the waste receiving pool (101); the liquid outlet (103) is connected to a filtrate treatment system (7); a first filter plate (102) is arranged above the waste receiving pool (101); one end of the first waste conveying belt (104) is connected to the first filter plate (102), and the other end is connected to a domestic waste crushing and dehydration system (2); an iron remover (105) is arranged on the outer wall of the waste receiving pool (101); the iron remover (105) is arranged above the first waste conveying belt (104).

3. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2) is provided with a first feed hopper (201), a coarse crushing device (202) and a fine crushing device (203) in order from top to bottom; the first feed hopper (201) is connected to a first waste conveying belt (104); a hydraulic plate (205) and an extrusion plate (209) are provided inside the domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2); the hydraulic plate (205) is connected to a hydraulic shaft (204); the hydraulic shaft (204) is connected to a power system (206); a liquid discharge port (207) is provided at the bottom of the domestic waste crushing and dehydrating system (2); a second filter plate (208) is provided above the liquid discharge port (207); a discharge bin (210) is provided next to the extrusion plate (209); a second waste conveying belt (211) is provided inside the discharge bin (210); and the second waste conveying belt (211) is connected to the domestic waste drying system (3).

4. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The domestic waste drying system (3) is provided with a second feed hopper (301) inside; the second feed hopper (301) is connected to a second waste conveying belt (211); an air collecting hopper (302) is provided above the second feed hopper (301) and is in communication with the second feed hopper (301); the air collecting hopper (302) is connected to a flue gas purification device (6); a heat exchange conveying belt (305) is provided inside the domestic waste drying system (3); a drying device interlayer (304) is provided on the side wall of the domestic waste drying system (3); the heat exchange conveying belt (305) is connected to the drying device interlayer (304); the domestic waste The bottom of the domestic waste drying system (3) is provided with a first mixed gas inlet (306) and a garbage outlet (307); the first mixed gas inlet (306) is connected to the drying equipment interlayer (304); the side wall of the domestic waste drying system (3) is provided with a smoke inlet (308); the first mixed gas inlet (306), the garbage outlet (307) and the smoke inlet (308) are all connected to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system (4); the top of the domestic waste drying system (3) is provided with a first mixed gas outlet (303); the first mixed gas outlet (303) is connected to the mixed gas purification and separation system (5).

5. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The domestic waste pyrolysis and gasification system (4) comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; the top of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet (413) and a smoke outlet (414); the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first garbage feed inlet (401), a recycling gas inlet (405), a second garbage feed inlet (406) and an air inlet (407) in sequence from top to bottom; the first garbage feed inlet (401) and the second garbage feed inlet (406) are both connected to the garbage outlet (307); the recycling gas inlet (405) and the pyrolysis gas outlet (413) are connected outside the pyrolysis furnace through a pipeline; a plurality of inclined heat exchange plates (402) are provided inside the pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403) is provided on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403) are respectively connected to the heat exchange plate (402) and the smoke outlet (414); a pyrolytic carbon discharge device (404) is provided below the heat exchange plate (402); an air distribution pipe (408) is provided below the pyrolytic carbon discharge device (404); the air distribution pipe (408) is connected to the air inlet (407); a slag collecting hopper (409) is provided below the air distribution pipe (408); a first slag outlet (410) is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace; the slag collecting hopper (409) is connected to the first slag outlet (410); a pyrolytic carbon discharge port (412) is also provided on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; one end of the pyrolytic carbon discharge port (412) is connected to the pyrolytic carbon discharge device (404), and the other end is connected to the crushing device (415); A feed pipe (416) is arranged inside the gasifier; a plurality of material distribution ports (417) are arranged on the feed pipe (416); a second mixed gas outlet (422) is arranged above the feed pipe (416); a second slag outlet (421) is arranged at the bottom of the gasifier; an oxygen inlet (418) and a steam inlet (419) are arranged on the side wall of the gasifier; the oxygen inlet (418) is connected to an air separator (420); the second mixed gas outlet (422) is connected to a first mixed gas inlet (306); a gasifier interlayer (423) is arranged on the side wall of the gasifier; and the pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403) and the gasifier interlayer (423) are connected via a flue gas connecting pipe (411).

6. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mixed gas purification and separation system (5) comprises a dehydration unit (504), a purification unit (505) and a separation unit (506); the dehydration unit (504) and the purification unit (505) are connected; the purification unit (505) and the separation unit (506) are connected; a second mixed gas inlet (501) is arranged at the top of the dehydration unit (504); the second mixed gas inlet (501) is connected to the first mixed gas outlet (303); a hydrogen outlet (502) is arranged at the top of the separation unit (506); a recycled gas outlet (503) is arranged on the side wall of the separation unit (506); and the recycled gas outlet (503) is connected to the recycled gas inlet (405).

7. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dehydration unit (504) adopts one or a combination of solvent absorption, chemical reaction, solid adsorption and membrane separation; the purification unit (505) adopts one or a combination of pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification and chemical absorption; the separation unit (506) adopts one or a combination of dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization and biological desulfurization.

8. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filtrate treatment system (7) comprises a treatment unit (702); a filtrate inlet (701) is provided at the top of the treatment unit (702); the filtrate inlet (701) is connected to a liquid outlet (103) and a liquid discharge port (207) respectively; and a filtrate outlet (703) is provided on a side wall of the treatment unit (702).

9. A system for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtrate treatment system (7) adopts one of the following treatment processes: a two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis treatment process, a medium-temperature anaerobic system + MBR + RO process, or an MVR evaporator + DI ion exchange process.

10. A method for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste, characterized in that: The method of producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of domestic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 9 specifically comprises the following steps: Domestic waste is received by a domestic waste receiving system (1), the domestic waste receiving system (1) performs initial dehydration on the domestic waste, and the generated filtrate is discharged to a filtrate treatment system (7); the domestic waste after initial dehydration is transported to a domestic waste crushing and dehydration system (2); the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system (2) performs further dehydration and compression on the domestic waste, and the generated filtrate is discharged to a filtrate treatment system (7), and the domestic waste after further dehydration is transported to a domestic waste drying system (3); the filtrate from the domestic waste receiving system (1) and the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system (2) is treated by the filtrate treatment system (7) and then discharged after meeting the standards; The dehydrated domestic waste is further dried in the domestic waste drying system (3); the dried domestic waste enters the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system (4), a portion of which is carbonized and the other portion is burned in the combustion zone for heat supply; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is heat exchanged to provide heat for the carbonization process; the flue gas after the heat exchange directly contacts the domestic waste to directly dry it, and the flue gas after the direct drying process is discharged to the flue gas purification device (6), and is treated by the flue gas purification device (6) to meet the emission standards; The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is transported to the combustion zone through a pipeline for further combustion, and the pyrolysis carbon generated in the carbonization process is used for the gasification process; the high-temperature mixed gas generated in the gasification process is discharged to the domestic waste drying system (3), and the high-temperature mixed gas is used to indirectly dry the domestic waste. The mixed gas after the indirect drying and heat exchange is discharged to the mixed gas purification and separation system (5), and the purification and separation system (5) processes the mixed gas, and the generated hydrogen is discharged. The generated recycled gas is discharged to the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system (4) for further combustion and utilization.

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