A system and method for producing hydrogen from household waste pyrolysis gasification

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and relates to a household garbage pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system and method; the system comprises a household garbage receiving system, a household garbage crushing and dewatering system, a household garbage drying system, a household garbage pyrolysis gasification system, a mixed gas purification and separation system, a flue gas purification device and a filtrate treatment system; the household garbage receiving system is connected with the household garbage crushing and dewatering system and the filtrate treatment system respectively; the household garbage crushing and dewatering system is connected with the household garbage drying system and the filtrate treatment system respectively; the household garbage drying system is connected with the household garbage pyrolysis gasification system, the mixed gas purification and separation system and the flue gas purification device respectively; the mixed gas purification and separation system is connected with the household garbage pyrolysis gasification system; efficient household garbage treatment and full resource utilization are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of municipal solid waste treatment technology, and relates to a system and method for producing hydrogen through pyrolysis and gasification of municipal solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] The disposal of municipal solid waste has always been a challenge. While traditional landfill and incineration methods have solved the problem of waste accumulation in the short term, their resource utilization rate is extremely low, imposing a long-term burden on the environment. With the advancement of technology and the enhancement of environmental awareness, people have begun to explore new ways to convert municipal solid waste into renewable energy, among which municipal solid waste hydrogen production technology is considered a promising solution.

[0003] However, current technologies for hydrogen production from municipal solid waste still face numerous challenges. Gasification, as a highly efficient hydrogen production method, has strict requirements regarding the calorific value and moisture content of the waste. Ideally, the calorific value of the waste should reach above 1500 kcal, and the moisture content should be controlled below 35% to ensure the smooth progress of the gasification process and efficient hydrogen production. However, most municipal solid waste in cities is characterized by high moisture content and low calorific value, which directly limits the widespread application of gasification. Even in some areas with higher calorific values, insufficient waste sorting and pretreatment technologies make it difficult to meet the stringent quality requirements of gasification.

[0004] While pyrolysis can process a wider range of waste types, the process requires complex equipment and operating conditions. Extreme environments such as high temperatures and high pressures not only increase the difficulty of technical implementation but also raise the operating and maintenance costs of the equipment. Furthermore, the harmful gases and solid residues generated during pyrolysis must be properly treated to avoid secondary pollution to the environment.

[0005] Anaerobic fermentation's long processing time limits its application in large-scale hydrogen production. While it offers significant advantages in treating organic waste, its slow hydrogen production rate and low yield make it insufficient for industrial-scale hydrogen production. Furthermore, anaerobic fermentation places specific demands on waste composition and pretreatment, such as removing non-combustible components like kitchen waste, further increasing the cost and complexity of waste pretreatment.

[0006] In summary, current technologies for producing hydrogen from municipal solid waste mainly suffer from problems such as the complex composition of municipal solid waste, high water content, relatively low hydrogen production rate and output, and the need to further improve the stability and reliability of the technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a system and method for producing hydrogen from municipal solid waste through pyrolysis and gasification, thereby achieving efficient treatment of municipal solid waste and full utilization of resources.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system, comprising a municipal solid waste receiving system, a municipal solid waste crushing and dehydration system, a municipal solid waste drying system, a municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system, a mixed gas purification and separation system, a flue gas purification device, and a filtrate treatment system; the municipal solid waste receiving system is connected to the municipal solid waste crushing and dehydration system and the filtrate treatment system respectively; the municipal solid waste crushing and dehydration system is connected to the municipal solid waste drying system and the filtrate treatment system respectively; the municipal solid waste drying system is connected to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system, the mixed gas purification and separation system, and the flue gas purification device respectively; the mixed gas purification and separation system is connected to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system.

[0010] Preferably, the municipal solid waste receiving system includes a waste receiving pool, a first filter plate, a liquid outlet, a first waste conveyor belt, and an iron separator; the waste receiving pool has a liquid outlet at its bottom; the liquid outlet is connected to a filtrate treatment system; the waste receiving pool has a first filter plate at its top; one end of the first waste conveyor belt is connected to the first filter plate, and the other end is connected to a municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system; an iron separator is installed on the outer wall of the waste receiving pool; the iron separator is located above the first waste conveyor belt.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a first feed hopper, a coarse crushing device, and a fine crushing device; the first feed hopper is connected to a first waste conveyor belt; a hydraulic plate and an extrusion plate are installed inside the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system; the hydraulic plate is connected to a hydraulic shaft; the hydraulic shaft is connected to a power system; a drain outlet is provided at the bottom of the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system; a second filter plate is provided above the drain outlet; a discharge hopper is provided next to the extrusion plate; a second waste conveyor belt is installed inside the discharge hopper; the second waste conveyor belt is connected to a municipal solid waste drying system.

[0012] Preferably, the municipal solid waste drying system includes a second feed hopper; the second feed hopper is connected to a second waste conveyor belt; a gas collecting hopper is located above and communicates with the second feed hopper; the gas collecting hopper is connected to a flue gas purification device; a heat exchange conveyor belt is located inside the municipal solid waste drying system; a drying device interlayer is located on the side wall of the municipal solid waste drying system; the heat exchange conveyor belt is connected to the drying device interlayer; a first mixed gas inlet and a waste outlet are located at the bottom of the municipal solid waste drying system; the first mixed gas inlet is connected to the drying device interlayer; a flue gas inlet is located on the side wall of the municipal solid waste drying system; the first mixed gas inlet, waste outlet, and flue gas inlet are all connected to a municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system; a first mixed gas outlet is located at the top of the municipal solid waste drying system; the first mixed gas outlet is connected to a mixed gas purification and separation system.

[0013] Preferably, the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system includes a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; the top of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet and a flue gas outlet; the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first waste inlet, a recovery gas inlet, a second waste inlet, and an air inlet arranged sequentially from top to bottom; both the first and second waste inlets are connected to the waste outlet; the recovery gas inlet and the pyrolysis gas outlet are connected to each other outside the pyrolysis furnace via a pipeline; multiple inclined heat exchange plates are provided inside the pyrolysis furnace; and the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with... A pyrolysis furnace jacket is provided; the pyrolysis furnace jacket is connected to a heat exchange plate and a flue gas outlet respectively; a pyrolysis carbon discharge device is provided below the heat exchange plate; an air distribution pipe is provided below the pyrolysis carbon discharge device; the air distribution pipe is connected to an air inlet; a slag collection hopper is provided below the air distribution pipe; a first slag outlet is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace; the slag collection hopper is connected to the first slag outlet; a pyrolysis carbon discharge outlet is also provided on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; one end of the pyrolysis carbon discharge outlet is connected to the pyrolysis carbon discharge device, and the other end is connected to a crushing device;

[0014] The gasifier is equipped with a feed pipe; the feed pipe has multiple material distribution ports; a second mixed gas outlet is located above the feed pipe; a second slag outlet is located at the bottom of the gasifier; an oxygen inlet and a steam inlet are located on the side wall of the gasifier; the oxygen inlet is connected to an air separator; the second mixed gas outlet is connected to the first mixed gas inlet; a gasifier jacket is located on the side wall of the gasifier; the pyrolysis furnace jacket and the gasifier jacket are connected by a flue gas connecting pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the mixed gas purification and separation system includes a dehydration unit, a purification unit, and a separation unit; the dehydration unit and the purification unit are connected; the purification unit and the separation unit are connected; a second mixed gas inlet is provided at the top of the dehydration unit; the second mixed gas inlet is connected to a first mixed gas outlet; a hydrogen outlet is provided at the top of the separation unit; a recovery gas outlet is provided on the side wall of the separation unit; the recovery gas outlet is connected to a recovery gas inlet.

[0016] Preferably, the dehydration unit employs one or more of the following methods: solvent absorption, chemical reaction, solid adsorption, and membrane separation; the purification unit employs one or more of the following methods: pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification, and chemical absorption; and the separation unit employs one or more of the following methods: dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization, and biological desulfurization.

[0017] Preferably, the filtrate treatment system includes a treatment unit; the top of the treatment unit is provided with a filtrate inlet; the filtrate inlet is connected to an outlet and a drain outlet respectively; and the side wall of the treatment unit is provided with a filtrate outlet.

[0018] Preferably, the filtrate treatment system adopts one of the following processes: two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis treatment process, mesophilic anaerobic system + MBR + RO process, or MVR evaporator + DI ion exchange process.

[0019] Secondly, this invention provides a method for producing hydrogen from municipal solid waste through pyrolysis and gasification, the method specifically including the following steps:

[0020] Domestic waste is received by a domestic waste receiving system, which performs initial dewatering on the waste, and the resulting filtrate is discharged to a filtrate treatment system. The initially dewatered waste is then transported to a domestic waste crushing and dewatering system. This system further dewaters and compresses the waste, and the resulting filtrate is discharged to the filtrate treatment system. The further dewatered waste is then transported to a domestic waste drying system. The filtrate from both the domestic waste receiving system and the crushing and dewatering system is treated by the filtrate treatment system to meet standards before being discharged.

[0021] After further dehydration, the municipal solid waste undergoes further drying in a municipal solid waste drying system. The dried waste then enters a municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification system, where a portion undergoes carbonization and the other portion is burned for heating in the combustion zone. The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion exchanges heat to provide heat for the carbonization process. The flue gas after heat exchange directly contacts the municipal solid waste for direct drying. The directly dried flue gas is then discharged to a flue gas purification device, where it is treated to meet emission standards before being discharged.

[0022] The pyrolysis gas produced during the carbonization process is transported through pipelines to the combustion zone for further combustion. The pyrolysis carbon produced during the carbonization process is used for the gasification process. The high-temperature mixed gas produced during the gasification process is discharged to the municipal solid waste drying system. The high-temperature mixed gas is used to indirectly dry the municipal solid waste. After heat exchange during indirect drying, the mixed gas is discharged to the mixed gas purification and separation system. The purification and separation system processes the mixed gas, and the generated hydrogen is discharged. The generated recovered gas is discharged to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system for further combustion and utilization.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention separates metallic substances from municipal solid waste through a municipal solid waste receiving system and performs preliminary dehydration; reduces the particle size of the municipal solid waste through a municipal solid waste crushing and dehydration system and performs further dehydration; lowers the moisture content of the municipal solid waste through a municipal solid waste drying system, creating conditions for the subsequent pyrolysis and gasification process to produce hydrogen; achieves carbonization and gasification of the municipal solid waste through a municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification system; and purifies and utilizes hydrogen through a mixed gas purification and separation system. During system operation, this invention uses a portion of the municipal solid waste as a heat source and achieves cascade utilization of heat from flue gas and mixed gas, achieving the effect of treating pollution with pollution and efficient treatment. This invention is characterized by its green, low-carbon, and comprehensive resource utilization features, and has good treatment effects and broad application prospects for municipal solid waste treatment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system described in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the municipal solid waste drying system described in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system described in this invention.

[0030] The system comprises: 1. Municipal solid waste receiving system; 101. Waste receiving pool; 102. First filter plate; 103. Liquid outlet; 104. First waste conveyor belt; 105. Magnetic separator; 2. Municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system; 201. First feed hopper; 202. Coarse crushing device; 203. Fine crushing device; 204. Hydraulic shaft; 205. Hydraulic plate; 206. Power system; 207. Liquid outlet; 208. Second filter plate; 209. Extrusion plate; 210. Discharge bin; 211. Second waste conveyor belt; 3. Municipal solid waste drying system; 301. Second feed hopper; 302. Gas collection hopper; 303. First mixed gas outlet; 304. Drying equipment jacket; 305. Heat exchange conveyor belt; 306. First mixed gas inlet; 307. Waste outlet; 308. Flue gas inlet; 4. Municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system; 401. First waste inlet; 402. Heat exchange plate; 403. Pyrolysis furnace jacket ; 404. Pyrolysis carbon discharge device; 405. Recovered gas inlet; 406. Second waste inlet; 407. Air inlet; 408. Air distribution pipe; 409. Slag collection hopper; 410. First slag outlet; 411. Flue gas connecting pipe; 412. Pyrolysis carbon discharge outlet; 413. Pyrolysis gas outlet; 414. Flue gas outlet; 415. Crushing device; 416. Feed pipe; 417. Material distribution port; 418. Oxygen inlet; 419. Steam inlet; 4 20. Air separator; 421. Second slag outlet; 422. Second mixed gas outlet; 423. Gasifier jacket; 5. Mixed gas purification and separation system; 501. Second mixed gas inlet; 502. Hydrogen outlet; 503. Recovered gas outlet; 504. Dehydration unit; 505. Purification unit; 506. Separation unit; 6. Flue gas purification equipment; 7. Filtrate treatment system; 701. Filtrate inlet; 702. Treatment unit; 703. Filtrate outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0033] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0038] The first objective of this invention is to provide a municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a municipal solid waste receiving system 1, a municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2, a municipal solid waste drying system 3, a municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4, a mixed gas purification and separation system 5, a flue gas purification device 6, and a filtrate treatment system 7. The municipal solid waste receiving system 1 is connected to the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2 and the filtrate treatment system 7. The municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2 is connected to the municipal solid waste drying system 3 and the filtrate treatment system 7. The municipal solid waste drying system 3 is connected to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4, the mixed gas purification and separation system 5, and the flue gas purification device 6. The mixed gas purification and separation system 5 is connected to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification system 4.

[0039] The municipal solid waste receiving system 1 is responsible for receiving and temporarily storing municipal solid waste and performing initial dehydration treatment. The municipal solid waste crushing and dehydration system 2 is used to crush and dehydrate the municipal solid waste to reduce its volume and weight. The crushing process breaks down large pieces of waste into smaller pieces, facilitating subsequent drying and pyrolysis gasification treatment. The dehydration process removes excess moisture from the waste, reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions during pyrolysis gasification. The municipal solid waste drying system 3 further removes moisture from the waste, improving its calorific value and combustion efficiency. The dried waste is more easily pyrolyzed and gasified, generating more mixed gas and heat energy. The municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 uses part of the dried municipal solid waste for carbonization and the other part for combustion to provide heat energy. The mixed gas purification and separation system 5 purifies the mixed gas produced by pyrolysis gasification, removing impurities such as dust, tar, and acidic gases to improve the quality and utilization value of the mixed gas. The purified mixed gas can be used for gas turbine power generation, internal combustion engine power generation, or as a heat source. The flue gas purification equipment 6 purifies the flue gas generated during the pyrolysis and gasification process to reduce pollutant emissions. The purified flue gas meets environmental emission standards, minimizing its impact on the environment. The filtrate treatment system 7 treats the filtrate generated by the municipal solid waste receiving system 1 and the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2, removing harmful substances to ensure the filtrate meets emission standards or reuse requirements, thus achieving effective treatment and resource utilization of the filtrate.

[0040] The municipal solid waste receiving system 1 includes a waste receiving pool 101, a first filter plate 102, a liquid outlet 103, a first waste conveyor belt 104, and an iron separator 105. The waste receiving pool 101 has a liquid outlet 103 at its bottom, which is connected to a filtrate treatment system 7. The first filter plate 102 is positioned above the waste receiving pool 101. One end of the first waste conveyor belt 104 is connected to the first filter plate 102, and the other end is connected to a municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2. An iron separator 105 is installed on the outer wall of the waste receiving pool 101. The iron separator 105 is positioned above the first waste conveyor belt 104 and is used to remove ferrous items (such as metal cans, nails, etc.) from the waste, preventing these items from damaging equipment or affecting the processing effect during subsequent treatment.

[0041] like Figure 2As shown, the top of the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2 is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a first feed hopper 201, a coarse crushing device 202, and a fine crushing device 203; the first feed hopper 201 is connected to the first waste conveyor belt 104; the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2 is equipped with a hydraulic plate 205 and an extrusion plate 209; the hydraulic plate 205 is connected to the hydraulic shaft 204; the hydraulic shaft 204 is connected to the power system 206; the bottom of the municipal solid waste crushing and dewatering system 2 is equipped with a drain port 207; a second filter plate 208 is arranged above the drain port 207; a discharge hopper 210 is arranged next to the extrusion plate 209; a second waste conveyor belt 211 is arranged inside the discharge hopper 210; the second waste conveyor belt 211 is connected to the municipal solid waste drying system 3. The hydraulic shaft 204 is connected to the hydraulic plate 205 and is powered by the power system 206 to compress domestic waste. The second filter plate 208, the hydraulic plate 205 and the extrusion plate 209 together constitute the compression area. The filtrate produced by compression is collected at the bottom of the device through the second filter plate 208. The bottom has a certain slope and is periodically discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7 through the drain port 207.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the municipal solid waste drying system 3 uses high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature mixed gas as heat sources and employs a vertical multi-stage drying device to perform multi-stage drying treatment on municipal solid waste. It has a second feed hopper 301 inside; the second feed hopper 301 is connected to a second waste conveyor belt 211; a gas collecting hopper 302 is located above the second feed hopper 301 and communicates with it; the gas collecting hopper 302 is connected to the flue gas purification device 6; a heat exchange conveyor belt 305 is installed inside the municipal solid waste drying system 3; a drying equipment interlayer 304 is installed on the side wall of the municipal solid waste drying system 3; the heat exchange conveyor belt 305... The conveyor belt 305 is connected to the drying equipment interlayer 304; the bottom of the municipal solid waste drying system 3 is provided with a first mixed gas inlet 306 and a waste outlet 307; the first mixed gas inlet 306 is connected to the drying equipment interlayer 304; the side wall of the municipal solid waste drying system 3 is provided with a flue gas inlet 308; the first mixed gas inlet 306, the waste outlet 307 and the flue gas inlet 308 are all connected to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4; the top of the municipal solid waste drying system 3 is provided with a first mixed gas outlet 303; the first mixed gas outlet 303 is connected to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5.

[0043] like Figure 4As shown, the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 includes a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; the top of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 413 and a flue gas outlet 414; the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first waste inlet 401, a recovery gas inlet 405, a second waste inlet 406, and an air inlet 407 arranged sequentially from top to bottom; the first waste inlet 401 and the second waste inlet 406 are both connected to the waste outlet 307; the recovery gas inlet 405 and the pyrolysis gas outlet 413 are connected to each other outside the pyrolysis furnace through a pipe; multiple inclined heat exchange plates 402 are arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace; a pyrolysis furnace jacket 403 is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace jacket 403 is connected to the heat exchange plates 402 and the flue gas outlet 414 respectively; a pyrolysis carbon discharge device 40 is arranged below the heat exchange plates 402. 4; An air distribution pipe 408 is provided below the pyrolysis carbon discharge device 404; the air distribution pipe 408 is connected to the air inlet 407; a slag collection hopper 409 is provided below the air distribution pipe 408; a first slag outlet 410 is provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace; the slag collection hopper 409 is connected to the first slag outlet 410; a pyrolysis carbon discharge outlet 412 is also provided on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace; one end of the pyrolysis carbon discharge outlet 412 is connected to the pyrolysis carbon discharge device 404, and the other end is connected to the crushing device 415; the waste in the first waste inlet 401 undergoes carbonization treatment, and the waste in the second waste inlet 406 is burned in the combustion zone set on the lower side inside the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 to provide a heat source for the carbonization zone set on the upper side inside the system to carbonize the municipal solid waste, achieving the effect of treating pollution with pollution and efficient treatment. The air required for combustion enters through the air inlet 407 and is evenly supplied under the action of the air distribution pipe 408.

[0044] The gasifier is equipped with a feed pipe 416; the feed pipe 416 has multiple material distribution ports 417; a second mixed gas outlet 422 is provided above the feed pipe 416; a second slag outlet 421 is provided at the bottom of the gasifier; an oxygen inlet 418 and a steam inlet 419 are provided on the side wall of the gasifier; the oxygen inlet 418 is connected to an air separator 420; the second mixed gas outlet 422 is connected to a first mixed gas inlet 306; a gasifier jacket 423 is provided on the side wall of the gasifier; the pyrolysis furnace jacket 403 and the gasifier jacket 423 are connected by a flue gas connecting pipe 411.

[0045] The mixed gas purification and separation system 5 includes a dehydration unit 504, a purification unit 505, and a separation unit 506; the dehydration unit 504 and the purification unit 505 are connected; the purification unit 505 and the separation unit 506 are connected; a second mixed gas inlet 501 is provided at the top of the dehydration unit 504; the second mixed gas inlet 501 is connected to a first mixed gas outlet 303; a hydrogen outlet 502 is provided at the top of the separation unit 506; a recovery gas outlet 503 is provided on the side wall of the separation unit 506; the recovery gas outlet 503 is connected to a recovery gas inlet 405.

[0046] The dehydration unit 504 employs one or more of the following methods: solvent absorption, chemical reaction, solid adsorption, and membrane separation; the purification unit 505 employs one or more of the following methods: pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification, and chemical absorption; and the separation unit 506 employs one or more of the following methods: dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization, and biological desulfurization.

[0047] The filtrate treatment system 7 includes a treatment unit 702; the top of the treatment unit 702 is provided with a filtrate inlet 701; the filtrate inlet 701 is connected to the outlet 103 and the drain 207 respectively; the side wall of the treatment unit 702 is provided with a filtrate outlet 703.

[0048] The filtrate treatment system 7 employs one of the following processes: a two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis process, a mesophilic anaerobic system + MBR + RO process, or an MVR evaporator + DI ion exchange process.

[0049] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for producing hydrogen through the pyrolysis and gasification of municipal solid waste, specifically including the following steps:

[0050] Domestic waste is received by domestic waste receiving system 1, which performs initial dewatering on the waste, and the resulting filtrate is discharged to filtrate treatment system 7. The initially dewatered domestic waste is then transported to domestic waste crushing and dewatering system 2. Domestic waste crushing and dewatering system 2 further dewaters and compresses the waste, and the resulting filtrate is discharged to filtrate treatment system 7. The further dewatered domestic waste is then transported to domestic waste drying system 3. The filtrate from domestic waste receiving system 1 and domestic waste crushing and dewatering system 2 is treated by filtrate treatment system 7 to meet standards before being discharged.

[0051] The dehydrated municipal solid waste is further dried in the municipal solid waste drying system 3. The dried municipal solid waste enters the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system (4), where part of it is carbonized and the other part is burned and heated in the combustion zone. The high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is used for heat exchange to provide heat for the carbonization process. The flue gas after heat exchange comes into direct contact with the municipal solid waste for direct drying. The flue gas after direct drying is discharged to the flue gas purification equipment 6. After being treated by the flue gas purification equipment 6, it meets the requirements of the "Standard for Pollution Control of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration" (GB18485) before being discharged.

[0052] The pyrolysis gas produced during the carbonization process is transported to the combustion zone through pipelines for further combustion. The pyrolysis carbon produced during the carbonization process is used for the gasification process. The high-temperature mixed gas produced during the gasification process is discharged to the municipal solid waste drying system 3. The high-temperature mixed gas is used to indirectly dry the municipal solid waste. After indirect drying and heat exchange, the mixed gas is discharged to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5. The purification and separation system 5 processes the mixed gas, and the generated hydrogen is discharged. The generated recovered gas is discharged to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 for further combustion and utilization.

[0053] Specifically, domestic waste enters from the top of the waste receiving pool 101 and is temporarily stored on the first filter plate 102, which has a pore size of 10-20mm. The filtrate is temporarily stored at the bottom of the waste receiving pool 101 through the first filter plate 102 and is periodically discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7 through the outlet 103. The domestic waste that has undergone initial dewatering through the first filter plate 102 is transported to the first feed hopper 201 of the domestic waste crushing and dewatering system 2 via the first waste conveyor belt 104.

[0054] Domestic waste entering the first feed hopper 201 passes through the coarse crushing device 202 and the fine crushing device 203 in sequence before entering the compression zone. After being crushed by the coarse crushing device 202, the particle size of the waste is <10cm, and after being crushed by the fine crushing device 203, the particle size of the waste is <3cm. The domestic waste is squeezed and dehydrated under the action of the hydraulic shaft 204 and the hydraulic plate 205, and the moisture content of the domestic waste after squeezing and dehydration is <40%. The leachate extracted is collected at the bottom of the device through the second filter plate 208 at the bottom of the domestic waste crushing and dehydration system 2, and is periodically discharged to the filtrate treatment system 7 through the drain port 207. The pore size of the second filter plate 208 is 5-10mm, and the pore spacing is 5-10cm. The dehydrated domestic waste enters the discharge bin 210 for temporary storage and is then transported by the second waste conveyor belt 211 to the second feed hopper 301 of the domestic waste drying system 3 for further processing.

[0055] Domestic waste enters the domestic waste drying system 3 through the second feed hopper 301, where it undergoes drying treatment on the heat exchange conveyor belt 305. The dried domestic waste has a moisture content of <20% and is then conveyed to the waste outlet 307, where it enters the domestic waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 through the first waste inlet 401 and the second waste inlet 406. Waste entering through the first waste inlet 401 undergoes carbonization treatment in the carbonization zone at a temperature of 300-500℃ for 0.5-2 hours. Waste entering through the second waste inlet 406 undergoes combustion heating in the combustion zone. Air enters through the air inlet 407 and passes through the air distribution pipe 408 to provide oxygen for the combustion process. The high-temperature combustion produces high-temperature gas... The warm flue gas provides heat for the carbonization process through the pyrolysis furnace jacket 403 and heat exchange plate 402; the flue gas after heat exchange is discharged from the flue gas outlet 414 to the flue gas inlet 308 of the municipal solid waste drying system 3, and then enters the municipal solid waste drying system 3 through the flue gas inlet 308 to directly dry the municipal solid waste; the flue gas after heat exchange is collected by the gas collection hopper 302 and then discharged to the flue gas purification equipment 6; the pyrolysis gas generated during the carbonization process is discharged from the pyrolysis gas outlet 413 and transported through a pipeline to the recovery gas inlet 405 for combustion; the pyrolysis carbon generated during carbonization is transported to the pyrolysis carbon outlet 412 by the pyrolysis carbon discharge device 404; the residue generated during combustion is discharged from the first slag outlet 410.

[0056] The pyrolytic carbon from the pyrolytic carbon outlet 412 is first crushed by the crushing device 415, and the crushed pyrolytic carbon particle size is <0.1mm. Then it enters the gasifier through the feed pipe 416. The material is distributed through the feeding port 417. The pyrolytic carbon, oxygen from the oxygen inlet 418, and water vapor from the steam inlet 419 undergo a gasification process under certain temperature and pressure. The gasification temperature is 900-1200℃, the gasification pressure is 2.0-4.0 MPa, and the gasification time is 1-2 hours. The high-temperature mixed gas produced by gasification exits through the second mixed gas outlet. The gas is discharged from the first mixed gas inlet 306 of the municipal solid waste drying system 3, and then enters the drying equipment jacket 304 to diffuse into the heat exchange conveyor belt 305 to indirectly dry the municipal solid waste; the mixed gas after heat exchange is discharged from the first mixed gas outlet 303 to the mixed gas purification and separation system 5; the residue generated by gasification is discharged from the second slag outlet 421; the heat required for the gasification process comes from the combustion zone at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is heated through the pyrolysis furnace jacket 403, the flue gas connecting pipe 411 and the gasification furnace jacket 423.

[0057] The mixed gas from the first mixed gas outlet 303 enters the mixing purification and separation system 5 through the second mixed gas inlet 501, and is processed sequentially through the dehydration unit 504, the purification unit 505 and the separation unit 506. The generated hydrogen is discharged from the hydrogen outlet 502, and the recovered gas is discharged from the recovered gas outlet 503 to the municipal solid waste pyrolysis gasification system 4 for combustion and utilization.

[0058] The flue gas from the gas collection hopper 302 is treated by the flue gas purification equipment 6 and discharged in compliance with standards; the filtrate from the liquid outlet 103 of the domestic waste receiving system 1 and the liquid outlet 207 of the domestic waste crushing and dewatering system 2 enters the filtrate treatment system 7 through the filtrate inlet 701, and is discharged from the filtrate outlet 703 after being treated by the treatment unit 702 and meeting the standards.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] Household waste with a moisture content of 50% enters the waste receiving pool 101. It first passes through the first filter plate 102 with a pore size of 10mm and a pore spacing of 10cm to perform initial dewatering. The dewatered household waste has a moisture content of 48%. The initially dewatered household waste is conveyed to the household waste crushing and dewatering system 2 via a conveyor belt. After being crushed by the coarse crushing device, the average particle size of the household waste is 8cm. After being crushed by the fine crushing device, the particle size of the household waste is 2cm. After being crushed and dewatered by compression, the moisture content of the household waste is 35%. After dehydration, the municipal solid waste is conveyed by a conveyor belt to a municipal solid waste drying system to further reduce the moisture content to 15%. The dried municipal solid waste is then fed into the combustion zone and carbonization zone of the pyrolysis furnace at a mass ratio of 2:3. The municipal solid waste is carbonized at 400℃ for 1 hour. The resulting pyrolysis carbon is crushed to an average particle size of 50μm by a crushing device and then gasified in a gasifier. The mass ratio of pyrolysis carbon to water vapor to oxygen is 1:1.2:0.4, the gasification temperature is 900℃, the gasification pressure is 2.0MPa, and the gasification time is 2 hours. The generated syngas is cooled by heat exchange in the municipal solid waste drying system and then enters the mixed gas purification and separation system for purification to obtain hydrogen with a purity of 99.9 vol%.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] Household waste with a moisture content of 45% enters the waste receiving pool 101. It first passes through the first filter plate 102 with a pore size of 5mm and a pore spacing of 5cm to perform initial dewatering. The dewatered household waste has a moisture content of 42%. The initially dewatered household waste is conveyed to the household waste crushing and dewatering system 2 via a conveyor belt. After being crushed by the coarse crushing device, the average particle size of the household waste is 5cm. After being crushed by the fine crushing device, the particle size of the household waste is 1cm. After being crushed and dewatered by compression, the moisture content of the household waste is 30%. After dehydration, the municipal solid waste is conveyed by a conveyor belt to a municipal solid waste drying system to further reduce the moisture content to 12%. The dried municipal solid waste is then fed into the combustion zone and carbonization zone of the pyrolysis furnace at a mass ratio of 1:2. The municipal solid waste is carbonized at 500℃ for 0.5 hours. The resulting pyrolysis carbon is crushed to an average particle size of 30μm by a crushing device and then gasified in a gasifier. The mass ratio of pyrolysis carbon to water vapor to oxygen is 1:1.2:0.4, the gasification temperature is 1000℃, the gasification pressure is 3.0 MPa, and the gasification time is 1 hour. The generated syngas is cooled by heat exchange in the municipal solid waste drying system and then enters the mixed gas purification and separation system for purification to obtain hydrogen with a purity of 99.8 vol%.

[0063] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for producing hydrogen from household waste by pyrolysis and gasification, characterized in that it comprises: The utility model relates to a household garbage treatment system, which comprises a household garbage receiving system (1), a household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2), a household garbage drying system (3), a household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system (4), a mixed gas purification and separation system (5), a flue gas purification device (6), and a filtrate treatment system (7). The household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system (4) comprises a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace; the top of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet (413) and a flue gas outlet (414); the sidewall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first garbage inlet (401), a recovered gas inlet (405), a second garbage inlet (406), and an air inlet (407) from top to bottom; the first garbage inlet (401) and the second garbage inlet (406) are connected with a garbage outlet (307); the recovered gas inlet (405) and the pyrolysis gas outlet (413) are connected outside the pyrolysis furnace through a pipeline; the inside of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a plurality of inclined heat exchange plates (402); the sidewall of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403); the pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403) is in communication with the heat exchange plates (402) and the flue gas outlet (414), respectively; the lower part of the heat exchange plates (402) is provided with a pyrolysis carbon discharging device (404); the lower part of the pyrolysis carbon discharging device (404) is provided with an air distribution pipe (408); the air distribution pipe (408) is connected with the air inlet (407); the lower part of the air distribution pipe (408) is provided with a slag collecting hopper (409); the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a first slag outlet (410); the slag collecting hopper (409) is in communication with the first slag outlet (410); the sidewall of the pyrolysis furnace is further provided with a pyrolysis carbon discharging port (412); one end of the pyrolysis carbon discharging port (412) is connected with the pyrolysis carbon discharging device (404), and the other end is connected with a crushing device (415); The gasification furnace is internally provided with a feeding pipe (416); a plurality of distribution ports (417) are arranged on the feeding pipe (416); a second mixed gas outlet (422) is arranged above the feeding pipe (416); a second slag outlet (421) is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace; an oxygen inlet (418) and a steam inlet (419) are arranged on the sidewall of the gasification furnace; the oxygen inlet (418) is connected with an air separator (420); the second mixed gas outlet (422) is connected with a first mixed gas inlet (306); a gasification furnace interlayer (423) is arranged on the sidewall of the gasification furnace; the pyrolysis furnace interlayer (403) and the gasification furnace interlayer (423) are connected through a flue gas connecting pipe (411).

2. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis and gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The household garbage receiving system (1) comprises a garbage receiving pool (101), a first filter plate (102), a liquid outlet (103), a first garbage conveying belt (104) and a de-ironing device (105); the bottom of the garbage receiving pool (101) is provided with the liquid outlet (103); the liquid outlet (103) is connected with a filtrate treatment system (7); the top of the garbage receiving pool (101) is provided with the first filter plate (102); one end of the first garbage conveying belt (104) is connected with the first filter plate (102), and the other end is connected with a household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2); the outer wall of the garbage receiving pool (101) is provided with the de-ironing device (105); the de-ironing device (105) is arranged above the first garbage conveying belt (104).

3. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis gasification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2) is sequentially provided with a first feeding hopper (201), a coarse crushing device (202) and a fine crushing device (203) from top to bottom; the first feeding hopper (201) is connected with the first garbage conveying belt (104); the household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2) is internally provided with a hydraulic plate (205) and a pressing plate (209); the hydraulic plate (205) is connected with a hydraulic shaft (204); the hydraulic shaft (204) is connected with a power system (206); the bottom of the household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2) is provided with a liquid discharge port (207); the top of the liquid discharge port (207) is provided with a second filter plate (208); a discharge bin (210) is arranged beside the pressing plate (209); the discharge bin (210) is internally provided with a second garbage conveying belt (211); the second garbage conveying belt (211) is connected with a household garbage drying system (3).

4. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis and gasification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second feeding hopper (301) is provided inside the household garbage drying system (3); the second feeding hopper (301) is connected with the second garbage conveying belt (211); the second feeding hopper (301) is provided above with a gas collecting hopper (302) in communication therewith; the gas collecting hopper (302) is connected with the flue gas purification device (6); the household garbage drying system (3) is internally provided with a heat exchange conveying belt (305); the side wall of the household garbage drying system (3) is provided with a drying device interlayer (304); the heat exchange conveying belt (305) is connected with the drying device interlayer (304); the bottom of the household garbage drying system (3) is provided with a first mixed gas inlet (306) and a garbage outlet (307); the first mixed gas inlet (306) is connected with the drying device interlayer (304); the side wall of the household garbage drying system (3) is provided with a flue gas inlet (308); the first mixed gas inlet (306), the garbage outlet (307) and the flue gas inlet (308) are all connected with the household garbage pyrolysis gasification system (4); the top of the household garbage drying system (3) is provided with a first mixed gas outlet (303); the first mixed gas outlet (303) is connected with the mixed gas purification and separation system (5).

5. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis and gasification according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixed gas purification and separation system (5) comprises a dewatering unit (504), a purification unit (505) and a separation unit (506); the dewatering unit (504) is connected with the purification unit (505); the purification unit (505) is connected with the separation unit (506); the top of the dewatering unit (504) is provided with a second mixed gas inlet (501); the second mixed gas inlet (501) is connected with the first mixed gas outlet (303); the top of the separation unit (506) is provided with a hydrogen gas outlet (502); the side wall of the separation unit (506) is provided with a recovered gas outlet (503); the recovered gas outlet (503) is connected with the recovered gas inlet (405).

6. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis gasification according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dewatering unit (504) adopts one or a combination of solvent absorption method, chemical reaction method, solid adsorption method and membrane separation method; the purification unit (505) adopts one or a combination of pressure swing adsorption purification, membrane purification and chemical absorption method; the separation unit (506) adopts one or a combination of dry desulfurization, wet desulfurization and biological desulfurization.

7. The system for producing hydrogen from household garbage pyrolysis gasification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The filtrate treatment system (7) comprises a treatment unit (702); the top of the treatment unit (702) is provided with a filtrate inlet (701); the filtrate inlet (701) is respectively connected with the liquid outlet (103) and the liquid discharge port (207); the side wall of the treatment unit (702) is provided with a filtrate outlet (703). 8.The household garbage pyrolysis and gasification hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The treatment process of the filtrate treatment system (7) adopts one of two-stage DTRO reverse osmosis treatment process, medium-temperature anaerobic system+MBR+RO process or MVR evaporator+DI ion exchange process.

9. A method for producing hydrogen by pyrolysis and gasification of household garbage, characterized by, The household garbage pyrolysis gasification hydrogen production system comprises a household garbage pyrolysis gasification system (1), a household garbage drying system (3), a mixed gas purification and separation system (5), a mixed gas storage tank (6), a hydrogen storage tank (7) and a hydrogen production system (8). The household garbage is received by a household garbage receiving system (1), the household garbage receiving system (1) performs primary dewatering on the household garbage, and the generated filtrate is discharged to a filtrate treatment system (7); the primary dewatered household garbage is transported to a household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2); the household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2) further dewatering and compresses the household garbage, the generated filtrate is discharged to the filtrate treatment system (7), and the further dewatered household garbage is transported to a household garbage drying system (3); the filtrate from the household garbage receiving system (1) and the household garbage crushing and dewatering system (2) is treated by the filtrate treatment system (7) and discharged after reaching the standard; The further dewatered household garbage is further dried in the household garbage drying system (3); the dried household garbage enters a household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system (4), a part of which is subjected to carbonization treatment, and the other part is subjected to combustion in a combustion zone for heat supply; the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is subjected to heat exchange to provide heat for the carbonization treatment process; the flue gas after heat exchange is directly contacted with the household garbage to directly dry the household garbage, and the flue gas after direct drying treatment is discharged to a flue gas purification device (6) and is discharged after treatment by the flue gas purification device (6) to reach the standard; The pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is transported by a pipeline to the combustion zone for further combustion, and the pyrolysis carbon generated in the carbonization process is used for the gasification process; the high-temperature mixed gas generated in the gasification process is discharged to the household garbage drying system (3), and the high-temperature mixed gas is used for indirect drying of the household garbage; the mixed gas after indirect drying heat exchange is discharged to a mixed gas purification and separation system (5), the mixed gas is treated by the mixed gas purification and separation system (5), the generated hydrogen is discharged, and the generated recovered gas is discharged to the household garbage pyrolysis and gasification system (4) for further combustion and utilization treatment.

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