Tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component and interlocking additive manufacturing method thereof
By forming an interlocking processing area on the processing surface of the metal tungsten matrix and adding copper to the additive manufacturing process in this area, the copper additive manufacturing process optimization is solved at the interface, and the interface defect problem of tungsten copper heterogeneous metal additive manufacturing is achieved, high-quality mechanical interlocking connection is achieved, and the interface mechanical properties of tungsten copper heterogeneous metal are enhanced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510049283.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-28
AI Technical Summary
The interface of tungsten copper heterogeneous metal additive manufacturing is prone to defects such as warping and cracks, and the bonding strength is low, making it difficult to achieve high-quality mechanical interlocking connections.
Using laser additive manufacturing technology, an interlocking processing zone is formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and copper is additively manufactured in this area to form a tungsten copper interlocking body, and then copper additive manufacturing is carried out on the surface. The copper additive manufacturing process is optimized at the interface to realize high-quality mechanical interlocking connection of the tungsten copper heterogeneous metal additive manufacturing interface.
By forming an interlocking processing zone and optimizing the copper additive manufacturing process at the interface, warping defects are avoided, the bonding area of the tungsten copper interface is increased, and the interface mechanical properties of tungsten copper heterogeneous metals are enhanced.
Smart Images
Figure CN119710684A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tungsten-copper dissimilar alloy manufacturing, and in particular to a tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component and an interlocking additive manufacturing method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Metal tungsten has the best potential to be used as the back plate material of the divertor of a fusion reactor due to its high sputtering threshold, high melting point, and high resistance to plasma scouring in the low energy region; metal copper has excellent thermal conductivity, good processing and welding properties. Tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components can not only give full play to the excellent properties of tungsten's high melting point and radiation resistance, but also give full play to the excellent properties of copper's thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, and have broad and urgent application needs in the fields of nuclear energy, aerospace, and electric power.
[0003] Compared with traditional welding methods, additive manufacturing of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components can not only realize the rapid design and preparation of complex components, but also directly form a heat dissipation structure inside the copper, further improving the service performance of related components. However, due to the significant difference in the physical properties of tungsten and copper, and the incompatibility of tungsten and copper at high temperatures, liquid copper has poor wettability on the tungsten surface; not only is it easy to cause defects such as warping and cracks at the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal additive manufacturing interface, but also the low bonding strength needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention
[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component and its interlocking additive manufacturing method. By using laser additive manufacturing technology, an interlocking processing area is directly formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate during additive manufacturing of the metal tungsten substrate, and then copper is additively manufactured in the interlocking processing area to form a tungsten-copper interlocking body, and then copper additive manufacturing is carried out on the tungsten-copper surface. Combined with the optimization of the copper additive manufacturing process at the interface, high-quality mechanical interlocking connection of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal additive manufacturing interface is achieved.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention first provides a method for additively manufacturing interlocking tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components, which comprises the following steps: additively manufacturing a metal tungsten substrate, wherein the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate is formed with an interlocking processing area; additively manufacturing copper in the interlocking processing area to obtain a tungsten-copper interlocking body; and additively manufacturing copper on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body to obtain a tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component.
[0006] As a further improvement of the above-mentioned scheme of the present invention, the metal tungsten matrix is additively manufactured by laser powder bed melting technology, the laser power of the laser powder bed melting technology is 220-400W, the scanning rate is 150-400mm / s, the layer thickness is 20-30μm, and the filling spacing is 60-90μm; the high-density additive manufacturing of refractory metal tungsten is ensured.
[0007] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, when the metal tungsten substrate is additively manufactured, a plurality of protrusions are formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate, and the gaps between the plurality of protrusions form the interlocking processing area.
[0008] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the protrusion is conical, hemispherical and / or cylindrical; and / or the volume ratio of the plurality of protrusions to the volume of the interlocking processing area is 10%-80%.
[0009] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, when the metal tungsten substrate is additively manufactured, a plurality of pits are formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate, and the interlocking processing area is formed inside the plurality of pits.
[0010] As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, the pits are conical, hemispherical and / or cylindrical; and / or, on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate, the volume ratio of the positions outside the plurality of pits to the volume of the interlocking processing area is 10%-80%.
[0011] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the depth of the interlocking processing area is 200-800 μm. Under the existing conventional laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing molding capabilities, the contact area of tungsten and copper at the interlocking connection interface is guaranteed. If the volume of the interlocking processing area is too small or too shallow, it is easy to deform and cause structural failure. If the volume of the interlocking processing area is too large or too deep, the tungsten-copper interlocking is not reliable.
[0012] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the metal tungsten matrix is also preheated before the additive manufacturing of copper in the interlocking processing area, so as to promote the melting and spreading of copper powder during the additive manufacturing of copper in the interlocking processing area and avoid structural damage caused by excessive remelting of the surface structure of the refractory tungsten.
[0013] As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, the preheat treatment includes: preheating the metal tungsten substrate by laser scanning, the laser power of the laser scanning is 150-300W, the scanning rate is 500-1500mm / s, the filling spacing is 80-110μm, and the number of preheat scanning times is 2-5 times.
[0014] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, copper is additively manufactured in the interlocking processing area by laser powder bed melting technology, wherein the laser power of the laser powder bed melting technology is 200-300W, the scanning rate is 300-450mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70-100μm, thereby ensuring high-quality additive manufacturing of copper while avoiding damage to the tungsten structure.
[0015] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the copper is additively manufactured multiple times in the interlocking processing area by laser powder bed melting technology, and the laser scans the entire metal tungsten matrix during additive manufacturing.
[0016] As a further improvement of the above solution of the present invention, the number of times of additive manufacturing of copper is the value obtained by dividing the depth of the interlocking processing area by the conventional additive manufacturing layer thickness, which is rounded up. The conventional additive manufacturing layer thickness is 30 μm.
[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme of the present invention, copper is additively manufactured on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body by laser powder bed melting technology, and the laser power of the laser powder bed melting technology is 180-350W, the scanning rate is 280-450mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70-100μm.
[0018] The present invention also provides a tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component, which is manufactured by the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component interlocking additive manufacturing method as described above.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: When the present invention is additively manufacturing a metal tungsten matrix (pure tungsten or tungsten alloy), an interlocking processing area is directly formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and then copper (pure copper or copper alloy) is additively manufactured in the interlocking processing area. The interlocking processing area can promote the spreading of copper under the action of gravity, avoid the warping defects that are easy to occur when copper is directly additively manufactured on the tungsten surface, form a mechanical interlocking of the tungsten-copper interface, increase the actual bonding area of the two metals at the interface, and further enhance the interface mechanical properties of tungsten-copper dissimilar metals. The present invention directly forms an interlocking processing area on the tungsten surface through additive manufacturing, and the process is simple and flexible.
[0020] Before the additive manufacturing of copper in the interlocking processing area, the present invention also preheats the metal tungsten matrix, which can promote the melting and spreading of copper powder in the subsequent additive manufacturing process of copper in the interlocking processing area, and avoid structural damage caused by excessive remelting of the surface structure of the refractory tungsten.
[0021] When additively manufacturing copper in the interlocking processing area, the present invention adopts multiple powder spreading and multiple laser scanning, performs multiple copper powder replenishment and copper powder laser sintering and melting, and based on the heat accumulation and transfer under multiple scanning, ensures the complete melting of the thick copper powder in the interlocking processing area; the laser beam scans the entire metal tungsten matrix, and the heat conduction effect of the metal tungsten matrix under laser heating promotes the melting and spreading of the copper powder in the interlocking processing area, ensures the complete melting of the copper powder in the tungsten structure, suppresses the tungsten-copper interface defects, and realizes high-quality interlocking between the two metals of tungsten and copper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the metal tungsten substrate prepared in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component prepared in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component prepared in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a tensile deformation curve of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component prepared in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the metal tungsten substrate prepared in Example 2; Figure 6 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component prepared in Example 2; Figure 7 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of a metal tungsten substrate prepared in a comparative example; Figure 8 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component prepared in the comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] For ease of understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly understood.
[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0025] Example 1 This embodiment provides an interlocking additive manufacturing method for tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components, which includes the following steps: 1. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture bulk metal tungsten substrates (size 13mm×13mm×25mm), set the laser power of the laser powder bed melting equipment to 300W, the scanning rate to 200mm / s, the layer thickness to 20μm, and the filling line spacing to 90μm; Figure 1 This is a macroscopic photograph of the metal tungsten substrate obtained in this embodiment. During additive manufacturing, a plurality of conical, evenly distributed protrusions are directly formed on the upper surface of the metal tungsten substrate. The protrusion height is 250μm, and the distance between any two adjacent protrusions gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. The gaps between the multiple protrusions form an interlocking processing area (with a depth of 250μm), and the volume ratio of the multiple protrusions to the interlocking processing area is 21%.
[0026] 2. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture copper in the interlocking processing area. Before additive manufacturing, the block metal tungsten matrix is laser preheated. The process parameters of laser preheating include: laser power of 180W, scanning rate of 800mm / s, and filling spacing of 90μm. After preheating, fix the position of the forming cylinder, spread copper powder on the surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and let the copper powder fall into the interlocking processing area. Then carry out laser scanning processing of the entire interface area. The laser power is 200W, the scanning rate is 350mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70μm. Repeat the above powder spreading and laser scanning processing 9 times to complete the tungsten-copper interlocking additive manufacturing and obtain a tungsten-copper interlocking body.
[0027] 3. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to continue additive manufacturing of copper on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body. The additive manufacturing height is 70 mm. The additive manufacturing process parameters include: laser power of 200 W, scanning rate of 350 mm / s, layer thickness of 30 μm, and filling spacing of 70 μm; tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components are obtained.
[0028] Figure 2 The macroscopic morphology of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component sample obtained in this example is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 It can be seen that on the basis of any transition layer of tungsten, the two materials of tungsten and copper achieve high-quality connection at the interface without defects such as macro warping and cracks.
[0029] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the interface of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component sample obtained in this embodiment. The interlocking cross-section characterization and analysis of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component sample obtained in this embodiment using a scanning electron microscope showed that tungsten and copper are well combined in the interlocking area, and only the bottom of the tungsten structure has defects such as cracks due to its own low plasticity.
[0030] The tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components prepared in this embodiment were tested for joint mechanical properties using a material universal testing machine at a tensile rate of 0.1 mm / s. Figure 4 The tensile deformation curve shown in Figure 4 It can be seen that the joint strength of the two materials on the surface of the structure reaches 68MPa.
[0031] Example 2 This embodiment provides an interlocking additive manufacturing method for tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components, which includes the following steps: 1. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture a block of metal tungsten substrate (size 13mm×13mm×6mm), set the laser power of the laser powder bed melting equipment to 200W, the scanning rate to 200mm / s, the layer thickness to 20μm, and the filling line spacing to 90μm; Figure 5This is a macroscopic photograph of the metal tungsten substrate obtained in this embodiment. During additive manufacturing, a plurality of cylindrical, evenly distributed pits are directly formed on the upper surface of the metal tungsten substrate. The depth of the pits is 300 μm, and an interlocking processing area (with a depth of 300 μm) is formed inside the plurality of pits. In the upper surface of the metal tungsten substrate, the volume ratio of the positions outside the pits to the volume of the interlocking processing area is 73%.
[0032] 2. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture copper in the interlocking processing area. Before additive manufacturing, the block metal tungsten matrix is laser preheated. The process parameters of laser preheating include: laser power of 220W, scanning rate of 800mm / s, and filling spacing of 100μm. After preheating, fix the position of the forming cylinder, spread copper powder on the surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and drop the copper powder into the interlocking processing area. Then carry out laser scanning processing of the entire interface area. The laser power is 240W, the scanning rate is 350mm / s, and the filling spacing is 100μm. Repeat the above powder spreading and laser scanning processing 10 times to complete the tungsten-copper interlocking additive manufacturing and obtain a tungsten-copper interlocking body.
[0033] 3. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to continue additive manufacturing of copper on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body. The additive manufacturing height is 4 mm. The additive manufacturing process parameters include: laser power of 200 W, scanning rate of 350 mm / s, layer thickness of 30 μm, and filling spacing of 70 μm; tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components are obtained.
[0034] Figure 6 The macroscopic morphology of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component sample obtained in this example is shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 It can be seen that on the basis of any transition layer of tungsten, the two materials of tungsten and copper achieve high-quality connection at the interface without defects such as macro warping and cracks.
[0035] Comparative Example This comparative example proposes an interlocking additive manufacturing method for tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components, which comprises the following steps: 1. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture bulk metal tungsten substrates (size 13mm×13mm×25mm), set the laser power of the laser powder bed melting equipment to 300W, the scanning rate to 200mm / s, the layer thickness to 20μm, and the filling line spacing to 90μm; Figure 7 This is a macroscopic morphology photograph of the metal tungsten substrate obtained in this comparative example. During additive manufacturing, a plurality of conical, evenly distributed protrusions are directly formed on the upper surface of the metal tungsten substrate. The protrusion height is 1000μm, and the distance between any two adjacent protrusions gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. The gaps between the multiple protrusions form an interlocking processing area (with a depth of 1000μm), and the volume ratio of the multiple protrusions to the interlocking processing area is 21%.
[0036] 2. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to additively manufacture copper in the interlocking processing area. Before additive manufacturing, the block metal tungsten matrix is laser preheated. The process parameters of laser preheating include: laser power of 180W, scanning rate of 800mm / s, and filling spacing of 90μm. After preheating, fix the position of the forming cylinder, spread copper powder on the surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and drop the copper powder into the interlocking processing area. Then carry out laser scanning processing of the entire interface area. The laser power is 200W, the scanning rate is 350mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70μm. Repeat the above powder spreading and laser scanning processing 34 times to complete the tungsten-copper interlocking additive manufacturing and obtain a tungsten-copper interlocking body.
[0037] 3. Use laser powder bed melting equipment to continue additive manufacturing of copper on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body. The additive manufacturing height is 70mm. The additive manufacturing process parameters include: laser power of 200W, scanning rate of 350mm / s, layer thickness of 30μm, and filling spacing of 70μm; obtain tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components Figure 8 The macroscopic morphology of the tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component sample obtained in this comparative example is shown in FIG. Figure 8 It can be seen that due to the excessive depth of the interlocking processing area of the comparative example, copper fails to completely fill the interlocking processing area, resulting in a small interface contact area between the two materials and an obvious warping crack defect at the interlocking interface.
[0038] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
[0039] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.
Claims
1. A method for interlocking additive manufacturing of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: A metal tungsten substrate is additively manufactured, wherein an interlocking processing area is formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate; copper is additively manufactured in the interlocking processing area to obtain a tungsten-copper interlocking body; and copper is additively manufactured on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body to obtain a tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component.
2. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The metal tungsten matrix is additively manufactured by laser powder bed melting technology, wherein the laser power of the laser powder bed melting technology is 220-400W, the scanning rate is 150-400mm / s, the layer thickness is 20-30μm, and the filling spacing is 60-90μm.
3. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the metal tungsten matrix is additively manufactured, a plurality of protrusions are formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and the gaps between the plurality of protrusions form the interlocking processing area.
4. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The protrusions are conical, hemispherical and / or cylindrical; and / or the volume ratio of the plurality of protrusions to the volume of the interlocking processing area is 10%-80%.
5. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the metal tungsten matrix is additively manufactured, a plurality of pits are formed on the processing surface of the metal tungsten matrix, and the interlocking processing area is formed inside the plurality of pits.
6. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The pits are conical, hemispherical and / or cylindrical; and / or, on the processing surface of the metal tungsten substrate, the volume ratio of the positions outside the plurality of pits to the volume of the interlocking processing area is 10%-80%.
7. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The depth of the interlocking processing area is 200-800 μm.
8. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method also includes preheating the metal tungsten matrix before additive manufacturing of copper in the interlocking processing area.
9. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preheating treatment includes: preheating the metal tungsten substrate by laser scanning, the laser power of the laser scanning is 150-300W, the scanning rate is 500-1500mm / s, the filling spacing is 80-110μm, and the number of preheating scans is 2-5 times.
10. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: Copper is additively manufactured in the interlocking processing area by laser powder bed fusion technology, and the laser power of the laser powder bed fusion technology is 200-300W, the scanning rate is 300-450mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70-100μm.
11. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 10, characterized in that: Multiple times of copper additive manufacturing are performed in the interlocking processing area by laser powder bed fusion technology, and the laser scans the entire metal tungsten matrix during additive manufacturing.
12. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 11, characterized in that: The number of times of additive manufacturing copper is obtained by dividing the depth of the interlocking processing area by the thickness of the conventional additive manufacturing layer, and rounding up.
13. The interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: Copper is additively manufactured on the surface of the tungsten-copper interlocking body by laser powder bed melting technology, wherein the laser power of the laser powder bed melting technology is 180-350W, the scanning rate is 280-450mm / s, and the filling spacing is 70-100μm.
14. A tungsten-copper dissimilar metal component, characterized in that: It is manufactured by the interlocking additive manufacturing method of tungsten-copper dissimilar metal components as described in any one of claims 1-13.