Gear electroplating method adopting wax protection on non-plated part

Abstract

The invention discloses a gear electroplating method adopting wax protection on a non-plated part. The gear electroplating method comprises the following steps: pre-checking; washing with gasoline; drying by blowing; performing drying; insulation protection is conducted, the gear is preheated in a drying box at the temperature of 60-70 DEG C for more than 30 min, the temperature is kept all the time, the gear is taken with a clean fine sand glove, the gear is coated with wax liquid in a rolling mode for 5-6 times till the thickness of a wax layer is 3 + / -0.2 mm, the first-time waxing temperature is 170 DEG C, the second-time waxing temperature is controlled to be 150 + / -2 DEG C, cooling and waxing are conducted in sequence, and when the wax layer just coated on the gear in a rolling mode is not transparent and white, the gear is taken out. Waxing is stopped, the boundary part is trimmed through a self-made bamboo blade after natural cooling to the room temperature, and the waxed surface cannot be collided or pinched forcefully in the subsequent operation; removing oil; mounting and hanging; electrolytic degreasing; washing with cold water; weak acid pickling; washing with cold water; cyaniding copper plating; recycling and washing; washing with cold water; acid copper plating; recycling and washing; washing with water; dewaxing is conducted; drying by blowing; and drying. The method is easy and convenient to operate, good in insulation effect, high in temperature adaptability, high in applicability, environmentally friendly and economical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating, in particular to a gear electroplating method using wax to protect non-plated areas. Background Art

[0002] The development of electroplating copper technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0003] · Market demand growth: With the development of the manufacturing industry, especially the growth in demand in new energy vehicles, 5G communications, electronic equipment and other fields, the electroplating copper industry has broad market prospects.

[0004] Technological progress: In recent years, the technology of the electroplating copper industry has been significantly improved, such as nano-composite copper plating technology, low-temperature environmentally friendly cyanide-free copper plating technology, etc., which provide strong support for the development of the industry.

[0005] Cost pressure: The rising prices of raw materials and the improvement of environmental protection requirements have brought cost pressure to the electroplating copper industry. Enterprises need to respond through technological innovation and improving production efficiency.

[0006] Emerging market: With the development of new energy vehicles, 5G communications, electronic equipment and other fields, the demand for electroplated copper will further increase, bringing new development opportunities to the industry.

[0007] ·Technological innovation: In the future, technological innovation in the electroplating copper industry will be more important. With the development and application of new technologies such as nanotechnology and green copper plating technology, product quality and production efficiency will be further improved.

[0008] Green development: Environmental protection requirements are becoming increasingly stringent, and the electroplating copper industry needs to accelerate the pace of green development. Sustainable development can be achieved by adopting environmentally friendly processes and waste resource utilization.

[0009] ·Smart Manufacturing: With the development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, the electroplating copper industry needs to accelerate the pace of smart manufacturing. By introducing smart equipment and optimizing production processes, production efficiency and product quality can be improved.

[0010] Cyanide-free copper electroplating technology: The cyanide used in the traditional copper electroplating process has potential harm to the environment and human health. Cyanide-free copper electroplating technology uses environmentally friendly alternatives such as copper sulfate and copper chloride, which reduces the harm to the environment and human body.

[0011] Intelligent copper electroplating technology: With the development of intelligent manufacturing, intelligent copper electroplating technology has gradually become a research hotspot. By introducing technologies such as automatic control and online monitoring, intelligent control of the electroplating process can be achieved to improve production efficiency and product quality.

[0012] In summary, the development of gear electroplating copper technology shows a trend of technological innovation, environmental protection and intelligence, and has broad application prospects in electronics, automobiles, aerospace, new energy photovoltaics and other fields.

[0013] At present, the shortcomings and deficiencies of electroplating copper technology in terms of insulation mainly include the following points:

[0014] Uneven distribution of coating thickness: During the electroplating process, if the performance of the plating solution, the current distribution on the cathode, and the metal distribution are uneven, the coating thickness will be unevenly distributed on the workpiece, affecting the insulation performance and overall appearance.

[0015] Bonding problem: The bonding between the coating and the substrate is not good, which may be caused by poor pre-treatment, oil stains or oxide film on the base metal, or improper control of the base coating composition. This will lead to a decrease in the insulation performance of the coating, or even peeling.

[0016] Plating brittleness: The plating is brittle, which may be caused by excessive organic impurities or organic additives in the plating solution. This will affect the insulation performance of the plating, especially when it is bent or stressed, which may easily cause the plating to crack.

[0017] Pinhole problem: Pinholes are caused by hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of the plated part, which is not released for a long time, so that the plating solution cannot wet the surface of the plated part, and thus the electroplating layer cannot be deposited. This will lead to a decrease in insulation performance because the pinhole may become a channel for current leakage.

[0018] ·Pits and airflow streaks: Pits are caused by the impurity of the plated surface, the adsorption of solid substances, or the suspension of solid substances in the plating solution, which affects the electroplating and embeds these solid substances in the electroplating layer. Airflow streaks are caused by excessive additives or too high cathode current density, which reduces the cathode current efficiency and leads to large hydrogen deposition. These problems will affect the uniformity and appearance of the coating, and then affect the insulation performance.

[0019] Masking (exposed bottom): Masking is because the soft overflow at the pin part of the workpiece surface is not removed, and the electrolytic deposition coating cannot be performed here. The substrate is visible after electroplating, so it is called exposed bottom. This will lead to a decrease in insulation performance because the exposed part of the substrate may be conductive.

[0020] These shortcomings and deficiencies indicate that electroplating copper technology still needs to be continuously improved and optimized in terms of insulation to improve its performance and reliability.

[0021] At present, when the gear is insulated in non-electroplating areas, the conventional method has some technical disadvantages, mainly including:

[0022] ·High technical requirements for operation: Traditional protection methods, such as applying protective paint, have high technical requirements for operators. Since the paint is applied manually during construction, the thickness is uneven and the paint film is prone to fall off at the edges, which increases the complexity of the operation and the dependence on the skills of the workers.

[0023] Uneven protection: When applying protective paint manually, the thickness of the coating is easily uneven due to inconsistent operation, which affects the insulation effect and the protection of the gear.

[0024] ·Protective materials are easily damaged: When the paint film is treated with hot acid, alkali, water and other tank liquids, local blistering and protection leakage are prone to occur, which reduces the reliability of protection.

[0025] ·Long protection cycle and high cost: Traditional protection methods have a long protection cycle and high cost, which increases production costs and time consumption.

[0026] Environmental sensitivity: Some protective materials are sensitive to ambient temperature and their performance may change under different temperature conditions, affecting the insulation effect.

[0027] Improper material selection: Improper gear material selection may increase sensitivity to fatigue and affect the gear's load-bearing capacity and life.

[0028] Stress concentration problem: Stress concentration of gears involves many factors, such as discontinuous machining marks and initial cracks on the tooth surface. These factors may reduce the bearing capacity of the gears and affect the reliability and life of the gears.

[0029] These shortcomings indicate the need to find more reliable and cost-effective methods to improve gear performance and life when insulating non-plated areas of the gear. Summary of the invention

[0030] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technology and provide a gear electroplating method which adopts wax protection for the non-plated parts.

[0031] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a gear electroplating method using wax to protect the non-plated parts, which comprises the following steps:

[0032] 1. Pre-inspection: The processed state and quantity of the gears meet the requirements of the drawings and process, and there is no corrosion, dents or deformation on the surface;

[0033] 2. Gasoline washing: Use clean gasoline to clean the gears one by one;

[0034] 3. Drying: Wear clean sand gloves and use compressed air to dry each gear separately;

[0035] 4. Drying: Drying under certain temperature conditions;

[0036] 5. Insulation protection: wax the carburized parts of the gear for protection;

[0037] 6. Degreasing: Use gasoline to remove the wax remaining on the gear surface and dry it naturally for more than 10 minutes;

[0038] 7. Installation: Install the gear in the hanger;

[0039] 8. Electrolytic degreasing: Place the gear in the electrolytic degreasing tank and perform electrolytic degreasing at room temperature;

[0040] 9. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0041] 10. Weak pickling: Soak the gear in a weak pickling tank;

[0042] 11. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0043] 12. Cyanide copper plating: Place the gear in a cyanide copper plating tank and perform cyanide copper plating at room temperature;

[0044] 13. Recycling water for washing; Recycling water for washing;

[0045] 14. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0046] 15. Acid copper plating: put the gear into the slot and turn on the power after 5s-10s;

[0047] 16. Recycling water washing: recycling water washing;

[0048] 17. Washing: Use running cold water for secondary washing;

[0049] 18. Dewaxing: Remove the protective wax layer and soak the cleaned gear in waste water for 1min-3min;

[0050] 19. Blow dry: Use compressed air to blow dry one piece at a time, clean the wax that has not fallen off with clean gasoline, and then blow dry with compressed air;

[0051] 20. Drying: Place the gear in an oven for drying;

[0052] For the step five, first preheat the gear in a 60℃-70℃ drying oven for more than 30 minutes and keep this temperature. Wear clean fine sand gloves to pick up the gear, roll wax liquid on the gear 5-6 times until the wax layer thickness is 3±0.2mm, the first wax coating temperature is 170℃, and the second wax coating temperature is controlled at 150±2℃. Lower the temperature and apply wax in sequence until the wax layer just rolled on the gear becomes opaque and white, stop applying wax, cool naturally to room temperature, and use a homemade bamboo blade to trim the boundary part. In the subsequent operations, the waxed surface must not be bumped or pinched.

[0053] Furthermore, the gasoline is 120# gasoline.

[0054] Furthermore, in step 4, drying is performed at 60° C.-70° C. for more than 30 minutes.

[0055] Furthermore, for step seven, each gear is spaced 40 mm to 60 mm apart during installation.

[0056] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0057] Insulation effect: The wax protection method is characterized by good bonding performance between the insulation layer and the part substrate, and the end edge will not warp during use. It is suitable for parts with high insulation end edge dimensional tolerance requirements;

[0058] Ease of operation: wax preparations are recyclable and suitable for insulation of various complex parts;

[0059] Temperature adaptability: The wax protection method is suitable for plating solutions with working temperatures below 40°C, and is used for plating zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, silver, lead-tin alloys, etc., as well as room temperature or low temperature anodized parts insulation;

[0060] Applicability: The wax preparation insulation method is suitable for the insulation of various complex parts, especially those with complex shapes and high requirements for the dimensional tolerance of the insulation end edges.

[0061] Practicality: The rubber protective cover is reasonably designed to cover the non-electroplating area, eliminating unnecessary operations such as wax coating protection and local electrolytic copper removal, thereby improving the efficiency of electroplating processing.

[0062] Recyclability: The insulation of the inner hole of the gear can be done with a wax pattern, which is made by pouring a formulated wax preparation into the inner hole of the gear that has been coated with a thin layer of engine oil. This wax pattern can be reused.

[0063] Environmental protection: Wax protection is more environmentally friendly than other chemical methods because it does not involve the use of harmful chemicals and the wax preparation can be recycled and reused.

[0064] Economical: The reuse of wax preparations reduces material loss and reduces costs.

[0065] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, good insulation effect, strong temperature adaptability, strong applicability, environmental protection and economy. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] Embodiment 1, a gear electroplating method using wax protection for non-plated parts, comprising the following steps: first, before the parts are coated with the wax preparation, they need to be degreased with an organic solvent, and then preheated in an oven at 60°C-70°C; after preheating, a first layer of wax is applied, and the temperature of the wax tank is 200°C-220°C, ensuring that the first layer of wax is thin and uniform, and should be transparent and not whitish when just applied; then apply it several times to the required thickness, and after cooling slightly, trim it with a knife to meet the requirements; after coating, carefully and repeatedly wipe the surface to be plated with a cotton ball dipped in gasoline to remove residual wax; after plating, melt the wax layer with boiling water and recover it, and then wash the parts with a solvent such as gasoline or a water-soluble cleaning agent, specifically:

[0067] 1. Pre-inspection: The processed state and quantity of the gears meet the requirements of the drawings and process, and there is no corrosion, dents or deformation on the surface;

[0068] 2. 120# gasoline cleaning: Use clean 120# gasoline to clean the gears one by one;

[0069] 3. Drying: Wear clean sand gloves and use compressed air to dry each gear separately;

[0070] 4. Drying: Dry at 60℃-70℃ for more than 30 minutes;

[0071] 5. Insulation protection: wax the carburized parts of the gears for protection. Preheat the gears in a drying oven at 60℃-70℃ for more than 30 minutes and keep this temperature. Wear clean fine sand gloves to pick up the gears. Roll the wax liquid on the gears 5-6 times until the wax layer thickness is 3±0.2mm. The first waxing temperature is 170℃, and the second waxing temperature is controlled at 150±2℃. Apply wax in sequence until the wax layer just rolled on the gears becomes opaque and white. Stop applying wax. After cooling naturally to room temperature, trim the boundary parts with a homemade bamboo blade. Do not bump or pinch the waxed surface in the subsequent operations.

[0072] 6. Degreasing: Use 120# gasoline to remove the wax remaining on the gear surface and dry it naturally for more than 10 minutes;

[0073] 7. Installation: Install the gears in the hanger, with each gear spaced 40mm-60mm apart;

[0074] 8. Electrolytic degreasing: Place the gear in the electrolytic degreasing tank and perform electrolytic degreasing at room temperature;

[0075] 9. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0076] 10. Weak pickling: Soak the gear in a weak pickling tank;

[0077] 11. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0078] 12. Cyanide copper plating: Place the gear in a cyanide copper plating tank and perform cyanide copper plating at room temperature;

[0079] 13. Recycling water for washing; Recycling water for washing;

[0080] 14. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels;

[0081] 15. Acid copper plating: put the gear into the slot and turn on the power after 5s-10s;

[0082] 16. Recycling water washing: recycling water washing;

[0083] 17. Washing: Use running cold water for secondary washing;

[0084] 18. Dewaxing: Remove the protective wax layer and soak the cleaned gear in waste water for 1min-3min;

[0085] 19. Blow dry: Use compressed air to blow dry one piece at a time. Use clean 120# gasoline to clean the wax that has not fallen off, and then blow dry with compressed air.

[0086] 20. Drying: Place the gears in an oven for drying.

[0087] After the electroplating is completed, self-inspection and inspection are carried out, and packaging can be carried out after passing the inspection. The self-inspection content includes: the copper plating layer is uniform, without peeling, blistering, shedding, burning, and watermarks are allowed; the inspection content includes: inspection of appearance, thickness, and bonding strength, the copper plating layer is uniform, without peeling, blistering, shedding, burning, and watermarks are allowed, and the thickness and bonding strength are tested with the same slot test piece. The thickness is more than 50 microns and is qualified; the packaging process is: soak the gear in clean engine oil for 5 minutes, then use capacitor paper or anti-rust paper to pack it individually and put it in a special bag fire turnover box.

[0088] Advantages of electroplating copper:

[0089] Flexibility and durability: The copper electroplating layer has good ductility, which is suitable for parts that need further post-processing. Bending, twisting or other mechanical processing can be performed on the copper-plated material without the surface layer falling off, which helps to extend the service life of the parts.

[0090] Excellent corrosion protection: The copper plating layer is chemically stable and resists corrosion in most situations, protecting substrates that may be more susceptible to corrosion and extending the service life of components.

[0091] Cost-effectiveness: Copper is one of the cheapest conductive metals on earth, and the electroplating process using copper sulfate solution is also simple, which increases the feasibility and economy of the process.

[0092] Good adhesion: The copper layer has good adhesion to the substrate, which can ensure the stability and reliability of the electroplating layer.

[0093] Diverse electroplating methods: Copper electroplating technology includes solution plating, pulse plating, brush plating and other methods. You can choose the appropriate electroplating method according to different application requirements.

[0094] Controllable plating thickness: By adjusting the plating time and current, the thickness of the copper layer can be precisely controlled to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0095] ·Applicable to complex parts: The wax protection method is suitable for parts with high tolerance requirements on insulation end dimensions and complex shapes. The wax preparation has good bonding performance with the parts, and the end of the insulation layer will not warp.

[0096] These advantages make electroplating copper an effective and economical solution in gear manufacturing and repair.

[0097] The present invention can also be applied to other parts and reasonably adjusted according to actual conditions, but still mainly includes the following aspects:

[0098] Preheating: Before applying the wax preparation, the parts need to be preheated to 30-40°C to ensure that the wax preparation can better adhere to the surface of the parts.

[0099] Apply wax preparation: Use a brush to dip in the easy-to-remove wax preparation and apply it on the parts, then roll the wax. The temperature of the first wax should be higher, and the temperature of the next few waxes should be lower. This can ensure the uniformity and adhesion of the wax layer.

[0100] Cooling and trimming: After the wax has cooled, use a blade to scrape off the wax on the part to be plated, and use gauze dipped in gasoline to wipe off the excess wax to ensure that it is wiped clean.

[0101] ·Choice of wax preparation: Choose wax preparation with good bonding performance with parts, wide operating temperature range, and insulation layer end edge not easy to warp. It is suitable for parts with high insulation end edge dimensional tolerance requirements and complex shapes.

[0102] Reusability: Wax preparations can be reused with little loss, but the method of use is relatively complicated and the cycle is long.

[0103] ·Trim in warm state: Use a knife to trim the insulation edge while the wax is still warm and before it cools to room temperature to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the insulation layer.

[0104] ·Cleaning and recycling: After electroplating, the wax preparation can be melted and recycled in hot water or a special wax barrel, and then the parts can be cleaned with solvents such as gasoline or water-soluble cleaning agents.

[0105] Careful operation: The entire coating and finishing process requires great care to avoid any possible mistakes, which directly affects the electroplating effect and the insulation protection quality of the parts. These key points together ensure the protection of the non-electroplating parts during the electroplating process, as well as the cleaning of the parts after electroplating and the recycling of the wax preparation.

[0106] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above. Such description is not restrictive. If a person skilled in the art is inspired by it and creatively designs an embodiment similar to the technical solution without departing from the purpose of the present invention, all such embodiments shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear electroplating method using wax protection for non-plated areas, characterized in that The following steps are involved:

1. Pre-inspection: The processed state and quantity of the gears meet the requirements of the drawings and process, and there is no corrosion, dents or deformation on the surface; 2. Gasoline washing: Use clean gasoline to clean the gears one by one; 3. Drying: Wear clean sand gloves and use compressed air to dry each gear separately; 4. Drying: Drying under certain temperature conditions; 5. Insulation protection: wax the carburized parts of the gear for protection; 6. Degreasing: Use gasoline to remove the wax remaining on the gear surface and dry it naturally for more than 10 minutes; 7. Installation: Install the gear in the hanger; 8. Electrolytic degreasing: Place the gear in the electrolytic degreasing tank and perform electrolytic degreasing at room temperature; 9. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels; 10. Weak pickling: Soak the gear in a weak pickling tank; 11. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels; 12. Cyanide copper plating: Place the gear in a cyanide copper plating tank and perform cyanide copper plating at room temperature; 13. Recycling water washing; Recycling water washing; 14. Cold water washing: Wash the gears with flowing cold water for two levels; 15. Acid copper plating: put the gear into the slot and turn on the power after 5s-10s; 16. Recycling water washing: recycling water washing; 17. Washing: Use running cold water for secondary washing; 18. Dewaxing: Remove the protective wax layer and soak the cleaned gear in waste water for 1min-3min; 19. Blow dry: Use compressed air to blow dry one piece at a time, clean the wax that has not fallen off with clean gasoline, and then blow dry with compressed air; 20. Drying: Place the gear in an oven for drying; For the step five, first preheat the gear in a 60℃-70℃ drying oven for more than 30 minutes and keep this temperature. Wear clean fine sand gloves to pick up the gear, roll wax liquid on the gear 5-6 times until the wax layer thickness is 3±0.2mm, the first wax coating temperature is 170℃, and the second wax coating temperature is controlled at 150±2℃. Lower the temperature and apply wax in sequence until the wax layer just rolled on the gear becomes opaque and white, stop applying wax, cool naturally to room temperature, and use a homemade bamboo blade to trim the boundary part. In the subsequent operations, the waxed surface must not be bumped or pinched.

2. A gear electroplating method with wax protection for non-plated areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasoline used is 120# gasoline.

3. A gear electroplating method with wax protection for non-plated areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the mixture is dried at 60° C.-70° C. for more than 30 minutes.

4. A gear electroplating method with wax protection for non-plated areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: For step seven, each gear is spaced 40mm-60mm apart during installation.