Tunnel construction method and structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and provides a tunnel construction method and structure.The tunnel construction method comprises the steps that a pilot tunnel in a first main hole is excavated through a first tunnel boring machine, a second main hole is excavated through a second tunnel boring machine, and the excavation direction of the first tunnel boring machine is consistent with that of the second tunnel boring machine; at least two driving transverse holes are excavated between the pilot tunnel and the second main hole, the driving transverse hole close to the second tunnel boring machine is a first driving transverse hole, and the other driving transverse holes are second driving transverse holes; first supply configuration is provided for the first tunnel boring machine through the first driving transverse hole and the second main hole, so that the first tunnel boring machine continues to conduct tunneling; and second supply configuration is provided for the drilling and blasting process through the second vehicle-traveling transverse hole and the second main hole, so that a pilot tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-traveling transverse hole is excavated in an expanded mode through the drilling and blasting process. Cooperative operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process can be achieved, and efficient and economical tunnel construction is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a tunnel construction method and structure. Background Art

[0002] In the construction process of bidirectional separated highway tunnels, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method and drilling and blasting method are commonly used methods in tunnel construction. TBM method has the advantages of fast construction speed and high degree of automation, while drilling and blasting method is suitable for various geological conditions and has the characteristics of strong flexibility. However, the single use of TBM method or drilling and blasting method is often difficult to meet the needs of tunnel construction under complex geological conditions. With the continuous development of tunnel engineering technology, the requirements for construction efficiency, construction period and cost are also increasing.

[0003] The above-mentioned TBM method has high construction cost, while the drilling and blasting method has a long construction period. In order to place explosives in a proportional position to achieve a controllable explosion, the operation is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the depth and angle of placement also need to be obtained through data measured step by step by the machine. At the same time, in the process of vehicle transportation in the cross-tunnel, due to the drilling and blasting method, it is easy to affect the gravel particles on the inner wall of the cross-tunnel. Affected by the power generated by the blasting, the wall soil and gravel on the inner wall of the cross-tunnel fall off, affecting the safety during transportation. At the same time, the large amount of fallen objects on the ground can easily cause damage to the vehicles and belt conveyors in transportation, which also has a safety impact on transportation.

[0004] Therefore, seeking an efficient, economical and safe tunnel construction method has become an urgent need in the current tunnel engineering field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems of high construction cost of TBM method and long construction period of drilling and blasting method in the prior art, it is urgent to find a technical problem of efficient and economical tunnel construction method. The embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel construction method and structure. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In one aspect, a tunnel construction method is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] A first tunnel boring machine is used to excavate a pilot tunnel in a first main tunnel, and a second tunnel boring machine is used to excavate a second main tunnel, wherein the excavation directions of the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine are the same;

[0008] Excavating at least two vehicle transverse tunnels between the pilot tunnel and the second main tunnel, wherein the vehicle transverse tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle transverse tunnel, and the other vehicle transverse tunnels are the second vehicle transverse tunnels;

[0009] Providing a first supply configuration to the first tunnel boring machine through the first vehicle cross tunnel and the second main tunnel so that the first tunnel boring machine continues to excavate;

[0010] A second supply configuration is provided for the drilling and blasting process through the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel and the second main tunnel, so as to expand the pilot tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel by using the drilling and blasting process.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes: at the position of the vehicle cross tunnel, based on the purpose of permanent and temporary combination, configuring the vehicle cross tunnel as a cross passage.

[0012] Optionally, the method further comprises: expanding the pilot tunnel by using a drilling and blasting process at the entrance of the first main tunnel.

[0013] Optionally, the first supply configuration includes: a power cord, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material cart.

[0014] Optionally, the second supply configuration includes: a power cord, a slag discharge vehicle, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material vehicle.

[0015] Optionally, the second vehicle tunnel is provided with: power lines, a slag discharger, water pipes and air ducts.

[0016] Optionally, the second main hole is parallel to the first main hole.

[0017] Optionally, the number of the first main holes is at least one, the number of the first tunnel boring machines is consistent with the number of the first main holes, the number of the first main holes is two, and the two first main holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second main hole.

[0018] Optionally, the method further comprises an arched mesh assembly, which is composed of a double-layer diamond mesh and an arched perforated plate, wherein the arched perforated plate is provided in multiple groups, multiple groups of double-layer diamond mesh are provided on the surface of the arched perforated plate, and spring seats are installed between the multiple groups of arched perforated plates.

[0019] Optionally, the method also includes an excavation device, which includes a positioning component, a plurality of groups of holes are equidistantly arranged inside the positioning component, a plurality of groups of rotating shaft frames are installed on the surface of the positioning component, a shock-absorbing pad is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft frame, a bracket is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft frame, a turntable is installed on the inner wall of the bracket, a sliding rod is installed on the inner wall of the turntable, a sliding block is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding rod, a connecting frame is installed on the top of the sliding block, a sliding rail is installed at one end of the sliding block, a movable block is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding rail, one end of the movable block is rotatably connected to a rock drilling rig, and a torque sensor is arranged inside the rock drilling rig.

[0020] Optionally, in another aspect, a tunnel construction structure is provided, the structure comprising:

[0021] a first main hole, wherein a guide hole is formed in the first main hole;

[0022] A second main tunnel, wherein at least two vehicle transverse tunnels are formed between the second main tunnel and the first main tunnel, wherein the vehicle transverse tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle transverse tunnel, and the other vehicle transverse tunnels are the second vehicle transverse tunnels;

[0023] A guide tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel is formed with a guide tunnel expansion blasthole.

[0024] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0025] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method to construct the first main tunnel, adopts the TBM method to construct the second main tunnel, and transfers materials and equipment through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. This method is suitable for relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock masses. Due to the use of a reasonable excavation plan and configuration, it is possible to achieve the coordinated operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process, realize uninterrupted construction, comprehensively give play to the advantages of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, shorten the construction period, save construction costs, and realize efficient and economical tunnel construction.

[0026] By setting the rock drill as a power-adjustable drill, the output end of the torque sensor is connected to the drill bit of the drill, which can sense the torque used by the drill when drilling, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting. In addition, a rock drill is set on each bracket of the positioning component, without the need to dismantle and install or arrange the drill multiple times. The arrangement angle of each blasting hole can be adjusted as needed, and the staff does not need to hold the rock drill tightly with effort, thereby improving the stability and comfort during drilling. Shock-absorbing pads are set to provide shock absorption for other positions of the positioning component to prevent the vibration generated by the rock drill during drilling from causing rocks to fall from the inner wall of the hole, thereby avoiding affecting the penetration of the inner walls of other holes, so as to facilitate the smooth placement of explosives and the smooth blasting.

[0027] By using the positioning components, when the tunnel is expanded by drilling and blasting, the location where the explosives need to be placed can be marked after surveying and mapping. Then, by using the cooperation of the rotating shaft frame, shock-absorbing pads, brackets, slide bars, sliders, connecting frames, movable blocks, slide rails, turntables and rock drills, the drilling of rock formations can be accelerated, the angle adjustment can be convenient and fast, the accuracy of drilling can be improved, the manual labor can be reduced, and the progress of engineering construction can be accelerated. At the same time, the use of shock-absorbing pads enhances the seismic effect of the device, reduces the deviation of the machine due to vibration and impact, reduces the operation time, and accelerates the efficiency of blasting. The application of arched mesh components in the vehicle tunnel prevents falling rocks and heavy objects from falling during transportation in the vehicle tunnel. The use of double-layer diamond mesh holes can cushion the landing of heavy objects and falling rocks, and a net can be used to prevent the falling impurities and falling rocks from affecting the safety of transportation in the tunnel, reduce the falling of heavy objects on the inner wall, avoid damage to pipelines and transportation vehicles caused by the impact force generated by blasting, and increase the tension of the inner wall, thereby preventing safety hazards during tunnel transportation, improving transportation efficiency, enhancing the safety system of tunnel operations, and avoiding losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a tunnel construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a tunnel construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel construction structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a tunnel construction structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional layout diagram of a second main hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional layout diagram of a first vehicle tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional layout diagram of a guide hole provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional layout diagram of a second vehicle tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the arched leakage screen component;

[0038] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the positioning component;

[0039] Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the position relationship between the positioning component and the rotating shaft frame;

[0040] Fig.12 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the rock drilling rig and the bracket.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 40. Positioning assembly; 5. Rotating shaft frame; 6. Shock-absorbing pad; 8. Arched mesh assembly; 9. Double-layer diamond mesh; 10. Arched hole plate; 28. Spring seat; 29. ​​Bracket; 30. Slide rod; 31. Sliding block; 32. Connecting frame; 33. Movable block; 34. Slide rail; 35. Rock drill; 36. Turntable.

[0043] As shown in the figure, in order to clearly implement the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, specific structures and devices are marked in the figure, but this is only for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific structure, device and environment. According to specific needs, ordinary technicians in this field can adjust or modify these devices and environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0045] In the embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "example" in the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "example" is intended to present the concept in a specific way. In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or it can be either of the two.

[0046] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention more clear, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] An embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel construction method.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a tunnel construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 , the processing flow of the method includes the following steps:

[0049] 110. Use a first tunnel boring machine to excavate a pilot tunnel in the first main tunnel, and use a second tunnel boring machine to excavate a second main tunnel;

[0050] The first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine have the same excavation direction;

[0051] 120. Dig at least two vehicle tunnels between the pilot tunnel and the second main tunnel;

[0052] Among them, the vehicle tunnel near the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle tunnel, and the other vehicle tunnels are the second vehicle tunnels;

[0053] 130. Provide a first supply configuration to the first tunnel boring machine through the first vehicle cross tunnel and the second main tunnel, so that the first tunnel boring machine continues to excavate;

[0054] 140. A second supply configuration is provided for the drilling and blasting process through the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel and the second main tunnel, so as to expand the pilot tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel by using the drilling and blasting process.

[0055] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the method further includes: at the position of the vehicle cross-tunnel, based on the purpose of permanent and temporary combination, configuring the vehicle cross-tunnel as a cross-channel.

[0056] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the method further includes: using a drilling and blasting process to expand a pilot tunnel at the entrance of the first main tunnel.

[0057] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the first supply configuration includes: a power cord, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material cart.

[0058] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the second supply configuration includes: a power cord, a slag discharge vehicle, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material vehicle.

[0059] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the second vehicle tunnel is provided with: power lines, a slag discharger, water pipes and air ducts.

[0060] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the second main hole is parallel to the first main hole.

[0061] In any of the above embodiments provided by the present invention, the number of the first main holes is at least one, and the number of the first tunnel boring machines is consistent with the number of the first main holes.

[0062] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the number of the first main holes is two, and the two first main holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second main hole.

[0063] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method to construct the first main tunnel, adopts the TBM method to construct the second main tunnel, and transfers materials and equipment through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. This method is suitable for relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock masses. Due to the use of a reasonable excavation plan and configuration, it is possible to achieve the coordinated operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process, realize uninterrupted construction, comprehensively give play to the advantages of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, shorten the construction period, save construction costs, and realize efficient and economical tunnel construction.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a tunnel construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 , the processing flow of the method includes the following steps:

[0065] 210. A first tunnel boring machine is used to excavate a pilot tunnel in the first main tunnel, and a second tunnel boring machine is used to excavate the second main tunnel.

[0066] See also Figure 3 to Figure 4 , wherein the first tunnel boring machine corresponds to the working face 3, and the second tunnel boring machine corresponds to the working face 4, and the working face 3 is ahead of the working face 4. The excavation directions of the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine are consistent.

[0067] Specifically, for the first main tunnel, in rock tunnel projects in complex strata, the use of TBM pilot tunnel + drilling and blasting excavation technology has irreplaceable advantages over other construction methods and represents the mainstream direction of today's hard rock tunnel construction technology. When the above-mentioned pilot tunnel method is constructed in relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock mass, there is no need to implement more support measures for the pilot tunnel, and it is more economical. The above-mentioned pilot tunnel has a diameter of 3.5m-6m and is arranged in the middle and lower part of the section. The ratio between the full section and the above-mentioned pilot tunnel can be set according to needs and economy. For example, the ratio of the full section to the pilot tunnel section area is 2.5~3, and the outer contour of the pilot tunnel is 1.0~1.5m away from the designed outer contour of the tunnel.

[0068] The use of TBM pilot tunnel and drilling and blasting excavation methods for construction is beneficial to the construction of the main tunnel, such as: water and gas in the stratum can be released in advance; the surrounding rock can be supported in advance; in high-stress areas, the surrounding rock stress can be released in advance; since the pilot tunnel provides an open surface for the main tunnel excavation, the excavation efficiency can be improved; blasting vibration can be reduced; since the pilot tunnel has been penetrated in advance, the ventilation efficiency during the excavation can be improved; it is conducive to the setting of auxiliary tunnels to achieve long tunnels and short strikes in excavation construction; since the geological conditions have been accurately grasped in advance, the geological risks of tunnel excavation are reduced; it is conducive to mechanized operations in excavation construction; and it is conducive to controlling the construction period and cost of large-section tunnels.

[0069] In this step, two tunnel boring machines are mainly used to carry out excavation work in different areas, that is, the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method are used to construct the first main tunnel, and the TBM method is used to construct the second main tunnel. Specifically, the diameter of the first tunnel boring machine is smaller than the diameter of the first main tunnel. Therefore, the first tunnel boring machine is responsible for excavating a pilot tunnel in the first main tunnel. The pilot tunnel is usually used as a passage for subsequent work or as a temporary support structure. At the same time, the second tunnel boring machine is responsible for excavating the second main tunnel. The diameter of the second tunnel boring machine is consistent with that of the second main tunnel. It should be noted that the excavation directions of the two tunnel boring machines are consistent, which can ensure the continuity and stability of the subsequent construction process. The overall cost of the above-mentioned first tunnel boring machine and drilling and blasting construction process is lower than the overall cost of directly using a large-diameter TBM with the same diameter as the first main tunnel for construction. In this embodiment, the penetration of the pilot tunnel precedes the penetration of the second main tunnel, which is conducive to tunnel ventilation, drainage and multi-working face construction.

[0070] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the second main tunnel is parallel to the first main tunnel. The first main tunnel and the second main tunnel formed by this method can be used as double-track bidirectional tunnels. The double-track bidirectional tunnel can be used to build roads and railways, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0071] In any of the above embodiments provided by the present invention, the number of the first main holes is at least one, and the number of the first tunnel boring machines is consistent with the number of the first main holes.

[0072] Specifically, when there is one first main tunnel, the first main tunnel and the second main tunnel formed by this method can be used as double-line bidirectional tunnels; when there are two first main tunnels, the two first main tunnels and the second main tunnel formed by this method can be used as three-line bidirectional tunnels, in which the diameter of one first main tunnel is smaller than that of the other first main tunnel, for example, they can be 8.6m-8.9m and 13.8m respectively, such as a three-tunnel highway tunnel, so that one second guide tunnel provides space for multiple first main tunnels to supply and configure them, thereby ensuring the excavation speed of the first main tunnel, greatly improving construction efficiency and shortening construction period.

[0073] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, there are two first main holes, and the two first main holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second main hole. By adopting the method provided by this embodiment to form such a structure, it can be ensured that the excavation and drilling and blasting processes of the two first main holes are independent of each other and will not affect each other.

[0074] 220. Dig at least two cross tunnels for vehicles between the pilot tunnel and the second main tunnel. At the location of the cross tunnels for vehicles, configure the cross tunnels for vehicles as cross passages for the purpose of combining permanent and temporary functions.

[0075] Since the working face 4 is ahead of the entrance of the first main tunnel, a vehicle cross tunnel can be opened in the area between the working face 4 and the entrance of the first main tunnel in the length direction. The above-mentioned vehicle cross tunnel serves as a traffic passage, allowing various equipment and materials to be transferred between different areas. In particular, the vehicle cross tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is defined as the first vehicle cross tunnel, and the other cross tunnels are called second vehicle cross tunnels. This naming method is helpful to distinguish and manage different cross tunnels in subsequent work.

[0076] During the use of the tunnel, according to the specifications, a long tunnel must have a cross tunnel for vehicles. In this embodiment, the two main tunnels supply each other with construction, and the cross passage can be opened at any position. Based on the purpose of combining permanent and temporary, the cross passage is selected at the position of the cross tunnel for vehicles, and the construction is completed in one go, reducing the construction process, saving engineering workload and cost, providing convenience for subsequent construction work and the actual situation of the tunnel, and realizing the combination of permanent and temporary.

[0077] 230. Provide a first supply configuration for the first tunnel boring machine through the first vehicle cross tunnel and the second main tunnel so that the first tunnel boring machine can continue to excavate.

[0078] It should be noted that both the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine can be TBMs. TBM construction is a continuous and concentrated operation method. Therefore, it is necessary to provide necessary supply configurations for the construction of the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine, such as power lines, belt conveyors, water pipes, pneumatic pipelines, air supply ducts and material trucks.

[0079] The first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine complete the support, slag removal, ventilation and water supply work at the same time during the construction of the cycle excavation, with high construction efficiency. Among them, the cross-sectional layout of the second main tunnel can be found in Figure 5 For the cross-sectional layout of the first carriageway tunnel, please refer to Figure 6 , please refer to the cross-sectional layout of the pilot tunnel. Figure 7 .

[0080] The construction efficiency is from high to low: the first tunnel boring machine construction, the second tunnel boring machine construction, and the drilling and blasting method. Therefore, the working face advancement mileage is from high to low: the first tunnel boring machine construction, the second tunnel boring machine construction, and the drilling and blasting method. In this embodiment, the penetration of the pilot tunnel precedes the penetration of the second main tunnel, which is beneficial to tunnel ventilation, drainage and multi-working face construction.

[0081] The first vehicle-carrying cross tunnel and the second main tunnel are used to provide the first tunnel boring machine with the necessary first supply configuration, which can avoid mutual interference between drilling and blasting and the supply configuration, ensure that excavation and drilling and blasting can be carried out simultaneously, thereby improving construction efficiency.

[0082] Specifically, in an embodiment provided by the present invention, the first supply configuration includes: a power cord, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material truck. These configurations provide electricity, water source, air circulation and required materials for the first tunnel boring machine, so that the tunnel boring machine can continue to perform excavation work. For example, the power cord provides kinetic energy for the first tunnel boring machine and also provides electrical energy for lighting in the first main cave and the second main cave. The belt conveyor can transport slag to the outside. The water pipe provides water source for the first main cave and the second main cave. Among them, the pneumatic pipeline adopts a high-pressure air duct to provide power for the rock drilling machinery for pneumatic equipment. The air supply duct provides fresh air, ventilation and dust removal for the first main cave and the second main cave. The material truck provides the required materials for the first main cave and the second main cave.

[0083] The above-mentioned first supply configuration can be an independent configuration or combined with the original supply configuration of the second tunnel boring machine. That is to say, the supply configuration at the tunnel entrance is shared, and the supply configurations of the two tunnel boring machines can be separated at the first vehicle cross tunnel.

[0084] 240. A second supply configuration is provided for the drilling and blasting process through the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel and the second main tunnel, so as to expand the pilot tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel by using the drilling and blasting process.

[0085] The drilling and blasting process in this step is a commonly used tunnel excavation method, which breaks rocks through drilling, charging, and blasting steps. Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnel, full-section excavation can be adopted, and smooth blasting is adopted for blasting. When the geology of the surrounding rock section is poor, smooth blasting is cancelled and loosening blasting is performed. The drilling and blasting process corresponds to working face 2, and the length of the pilot tunnel expansion blasthole is 3-6m. After the expansion construction is completed, lining construction is carried out to complete the construction of the tunnel. Among them, the cross-sectional layout diagram of the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnel can be seen in Figure 8 .

[0086] It should be noted that in the traditional construction method combining TBM and drilling and blasting, it is necessary to reverse the TBM construction before drilling and blasting to expand the excavation, and usually only one or two drilling and blasting holes are used for expansion, which is very inefficient.

[0087] Based on this method, there is no need to reverse after the TBM construction is completed. The completed pilot tunnel can be drilled and blasted as quickly as possible, and the construction can be uninterrupted. In addition, corresponding to multiple second vehicle-carrying cross tunnels, multiple drilling and blasting excavations can be carried out at the same time. Combined with the construction of the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine, a multi-working face construction is formed, which greatly improves the construction efficiency.

[0088] It should be noted that usually a certain distance is required between the vehicle tunnels to ensure the efficiency and safety of the construction. For example, it can be 750m-1000m. The number of the second vehicle tunnels can be at least two.

[0089] In an embodiment provided by the present invention, the second supply configuration includes: a power cord, a slag discharge vehicle, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material vehicle. These configurations provide the required electricity, water source, air circulation, and materials and slag discharge equipment for the drilling and blasting process, so that the drilling and blasting process can proceed smoothly, and the guide tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-traveled cross tunnel is expanded. For example, the power cord provides kinetic energy for the equipment required for the drilling and blasting process, and also provides electrical energy for the lighting in the first main tunnel and the second main tunnel. The slag discharge vehicle can transport the rock slag to the belt conveyor in the second main tunnel so that the belt conveyor can transport the slag outward. The water pipe provides water sources for the first main tunnel and the second main tunnel, the air duct provides fresh air for the first main tunnel and the second main tunnel, and the material vehicle provides the required materials for the first main tunnel and the second main tunnel.

[0090] Among them, since the concrete tank trucks have a relatively single product model, as a result of the height limit standard, vehicles can pass each other in the cross tunnel, and the slag trucks have various models and sizes and strong spatial adaptability, so slag trucks can be used here. The concrete mortar required for TBM spraying is transported to the TBM spraying area by a special battery car.

[0091] In one embodiment provided by the present invention, the second vehicle tunnel is equipped with: power lines, slag dischargers, water pipes and air ducts. These configurations provide the necessary electricity, water and air circulation for the operations in the second vehicle tunnel, ensuring the safety and smooth progress of the construction. For example, slag can be loaded by a loader and discharged by a dump truck in the second vehicle tunnel.

[0092] In the above steps, materials and equipment are transferred through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. Due to the adoption of a reasonable excavation plan and configuration, the coordinated operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process can be achieved.

[0093] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method to construct the first main tunnel, adopts the TBM method to construct the second main tunnel, and transfers materials and equipment through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. This method is suitable for relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock masses. Due to the use of a reasonable excavation plan and configuration, it is possible to achieve the coordinated operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process, realize uninterrupted construction, comprehensively give play to the advantages of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, shorten the construction period, save construction costs, and realize efficient and economical tunnel construction.

[0094] In actual work, drilling and blasting can be carried out only at the location of the second vehicle cross tunnel. In order to speed up the construction efficiency, the opening of the first main tunnel can also be expanded at the same time.

[0095] 250. Drilling and blasting technology is used to expand the pilot tunnel at the entrance of the first main tunnel.

[0096] Based on the above-mentioned step 110, a pilot tunnel is formed at the position of the first main tunnel. Starting from the tunnel entrance, the first main tunnel is gradually expanded to the required size to form the first main tunnel. Specifically, in this embodiment, the drilling and blasting process is used at the tunnel entrance of the first main tunnel to expand the pilot tunnel. Corresponding to the working face 1, the rock can be effectively broken by drilling, charging, and blasting steps, thereby completing the expansion of the pilot tunnel.

[0097] In summary, the construction method for working face 1 and working face 2 is: drilling and blasting method for excavation; the construction method for working faces 3 and 4 is: TBM method for excavation.

[0098] Slag discharge from working face 1 and working face 2: after drilling and blasting, the slag is loaded by loaders and discharged by dump trucks; slag discharge from working face 3: small TBM heading of the first main tunnel → guide tunnel belt → first vehicle-operated cross tunnel slag transfer belt → second main tunnel belt conveyor 1 to transport slag out of the tunnel; slag discharge from working face 4: belt conveyor 2 of the second main tunnel to transport slag out of the tunnel.

[0099] Working face 1 wind, water and electricity: first main tunnel → first main tunnel drilling and blasting method to expand the heading face (working face 1); Working face 2 wind, water and electricity: second main tunnel → second vehicle cross tunnel → first main tunnel drilling and blasting method to expand the heading face (working face 2); Working face 3 wind, water and electricity: second main tunnel → first vehicle cross tunnel → small TBM heading face of the first main tunnel (working face 3); Working face 4 wind, water and electricity: second main tunnel → large TBM heading face of the second main tunnel (working face 4).

[0100] Taking the construction of a certain tunnel as an example, a variety of different construction methods are used for construction, and the corresponding construction efficiency is shown in Tables 1 to 4. It can be seen that the tunnel construction method provided by this embodiment has a high construction efficiency.

[0101] Table 1: Construction efficiency of large TBM method (Second Tunnel Boring Machine)

[0102] Serial number Surrounding rock type Actual work efficiency (m / day) 1 Level III 11 2 Level IV 8 3 V-Class 4.3

[0103] Table 2: Construction efficiency of traditional drilling and blasting method for tunnel excavation

[0104] Serial number Surrounding rock type Actual work efficiency (m / day) 1 Level III 4.3 2 Level IV 3 3 V-Class 1.7

[0105] Table 3: Small TBM pilot tunnel construction efficiency (first tunnel boring machine)

[0106] Serial number Surrounding rock type Actual work efficiency (m / day) 1 Level III 23.3 2 Level IV 16.7 3 V-Class 10

[0107] Table 4: Construction efficiency of the expansion method based on the pilot tunnel

[0108] Serial number Surrounding rock type Actual work efficiency (m / day) 1 Level III 10 2 Level IV 8 3 V-Class 3

[0109] The method provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts TBM method and drilling and blasting excavation method to construct the first main tunnel, adopts TBM method to construct the second main tunnel, and transfers materials and equipment through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. This method is suitable for relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock mass. Due to the use of reasonable excavation scheme and configuration, it can realize the coordinated operation of tunnel boring machine and drilling and blasting technology, realize uninterrupted construction, comprehensively give play to the advantages of TBM method and drilling and blasting method, shorten the construction period, save construction cost, and realize efficient and economical tunnel construction.

[0110] Furthermore, after completing the expansion of the guide tunnel, the drilling and blasting technology can be used to expand the cross tunnel for vehicles to form a cross passage, which will facilitate the subsequent construction work and the actual operation of the tunnel, thus realizing the combination of permanent and temporary.

[0111] The present invention also provides a tunnel construction structure, comprising:

[0112] The first main tunnel has a pilot tunnel formed in it. Specifically, for the first main tunnel, in rock tunnel projects in complex strata, the use of TBM pilot tunnel + drilling and blasting excavation technology has irreplaceable advantages over other construction methods and represents the mainstream direction of today's hard rock tunnel construction technology. When the above-mentioned pilot tunnel method is constructed in relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock mass, there is no need to implement more support measures for the pilot tunnel, and it is more economical.

[0113] The second main tunnel, at least two vehicle-carrying cross tunnels are formed between the second main tunnel and the first main tunnel, wherein the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle-carrying cross tunnel, and the other vehicle-carrying cross tunnels are the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnels, wherein the second tunnel boring machine is responsible for excavating the second main tunnel, and the diameter of the second tunnel boring machine is consistent with that of the second main tunnel. The above-mentioned vehicle-carrying cross tunnels serve as traffic passages, enabling various equipment and materials to be transferred between different areas. In particular, the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is defined as the first vehicle-carrying cross tunnel, and the other cross tunnels are called the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnels. This naming method is helpful to distinguish and manage different cross tunnels in subsequent work.

[0114] The guide tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnel is formed with a guide tunnel expansion blasthole. In the present embodiment, based on the second vehicle-carrying cross tunnel, full-section excavation can be adopted, and smooth blasting is adopted for blasting. When the geology of the surrounding rock section is poor, smooth blasting is cancelled and loosening blasting is performed. This drilling and blasting process corresponds to working face 2, and the length of the guide tunnel expansion blasthole is 3-6m. After the expansion construction is completed, lining construction is carried out to complete the construction of the tunnel.

[0115] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method to construct the first main tunnel, adopts the TBM method to construct the second main tunnel, and transfers materials and equipment through the second main tunnel combined with the vehicle-carrying cross tunnel. This method is suitable for relatively complete or complete medium-hard rock masses. Due to the use of a reasonable excavation plan and configuration, it is possible to achieve the coordinated operation of the tunnel boring machine and the drilling and blasting process, realize uninterrupted construction, comprehensively give play to the advantages of the TBM method and the drilling and blasting method, shorten the construction period, save construction costs, and realize efficient and economical tunnel construction.

[0116] The present invention also provides a tunnel construction structure, comprising:

[0117] a first main hole, wherein a guide hole is formed in the first main hole;

[0118] A second main tunnel, wherein at least two vehicle transverse tunnels are formed between the second main tunnel and the first main tunnel, wherein the vehicle transverse tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle transverse tunnel, and the other vehicle transverse tunnels are the second vehicle transverse tunnels;

[0119] A guide tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel is formed with a guide tunnel expansion blasthole.

[0120] like Figures 9 to 12 As shown, the present invention also provides a tunnel construction method, which also includes an arched leakage screen component 8, which is composed of a double-layer diamond mesh 9 and an arched perforated plate 10. The arched perforated plate 10 is provided with multiple groups, and the surface of the arched perforated plate 10 is provided with multiple groups of double-layer diamond meshes 9, and spring seats 28 are installed between the multiple groups of arched perforated plates 10.

[0121] Furthermore, the excavation device is also included, which includes a positioning component 40, a plurality of holes are evenly spaced inside the positioning component 40, a plurality of rotating shaft frames 5 are installed on the surface of the positioning component, a shock-absorbing pad 6 is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft frame 5, a bracket 29 is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft frame 5, a turntable 36 is installed on the inner wall of the bracket 29, a slide bar 30 is installed on the inner wall of the turntable 36, a slide bar 31 is slidably connected to the surface of the slide bar 30, a connecting frame 32 is installed on the top of the slide bar 31, and the connecting frame 32 is used to fix the rock drilling rig 35, a slide rail 34 is installed at one end of the slide, a movable block 33 is slidably connected to the surface of the slide rail 34, and one end of the movable block 33 A rock drill 35 is rotatably connected, and a torque sensor is arranged inside the rock drill 35. The rock drill 35 is a power-adjustable drill. The output end of the torque sensor is connected to the drill bit of the drill, and can sense the torque used by the drill bit when drilling holes, thereby improving the accuracy of blasting. In addition, a rock drill 35 is arranged on each bracket 29 of the positioning assembly 40, and there is no need to disassemble, install or arrange the rock drill 35 multiple times. One rock drill 35 can drill a row of blast holes suitable for the current blasting conditions. The arrangement angles of the blast holes can be adjusted as needed, and there is no need for the staff to hold the rock drill 35 laboriously, thereby improving the stability and comfort during drilling.

[0122] The working principle provided by the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0123] By excavating the tunnel, the construction surface is determined. The staff marks the center position of the surface of the rock layer to be blasted by measuring instruments, and manually moves the excavation device to the vicinity of the tunnel face to be excavated. Then, the external drilling rig is aligned with the hole on the surface of the positioning component 40, and the surface of the rock layer is drilled. The positioning component 40 is anchored by expansion bolts to fix the positioning component 40 to the surface of the rock layer.

[0124] Then, the position where the hole needs to be drilled and the explosives are placed is manually marked. At this time, the staff rotates the shaft frame 5 to the required working angle. At this time, the bracket 29 is rotated on the positioning assembly 40 through the shaft frame 5, and stops when it rotates to the working position, and the shaft frame 5 is locked. Then, the rock drill 35 is moved left and right, and the slider 31 on the rock drill 35 slides on the slide bar 30 to the precise position where the hole needs to be drilled and stops. Then the operator holds the rock drill 35 by hand, pushes the rock drill 35 forward, and turns it on the turntable 36 through the slide bar 30, turns it 90 degrees, and aligns the drill bit with the marked explosion hole position. Then, the rock drill 35 is started and pushed forward to drill at the position on the rock layer surface where the explosives need to be placed. At this time, the rock drill 35 drives the movable block 33 to slide stably on the slide rail 34, and gradually pushes it toward the surface of the rock layer. The block 33 is slowly pushed forward on the slide rail 34 to drill. When drilling, the torque on the drill bit is obtained through the torque sensor inside the rock drill 35, so as to judge the solidity of the rock layer at that place, and obtain the amount of explosives placed in the current blast hole and the density of the arrangement of other holes around. At this time, the shock pad 6 provides shock absorption for other positions of the positioning component 40 to prevent the vibration generated by the rock drill 35 during drilling from causing rockfall on the inner wall of the hole, and avoid affecting the penetration of the inner walls of other holes. After drilling all the holes, the explosives can be smoothly placed deep in the hole. Finally, after drilling all the holes, the staff removes the expansion device and stuffs explosives into all the blast holes. After the staff evacuates, the explosives are finally detonated through the fuse. The blasting guide hole is used first, and the top pressure method (small amount of explosives and small number of holes) is adopted above the section, which will have less interference with wind, water and electricity.

[0125] At the same time, affected by the vibration of drilling and blasting and TBM excavation, the arched leakage net component 8 of the vehicle cross tunnel is placed in the position between the cross tunnels, so that it fits tightly with the inner wall of the arc-shaped cross tunnel and is fixed. At the same time, when it fits the inner wall of the vehicle cross tunnel, it provides flexible support for the arched wall of its inner wall. At the same time, the arrangement of the double-layer diamond net 9 prevents the inner wall of the lane from being affected by vibration and continuous shaking, which causes the gravel and ore on the wall to fall off. One layer has elastic tension to block and intercept debris, while the other layer relieves the impact force generated through the action of the spring, thereby ensuring the stability and integrity of the device. At the same time, it provides protection for the safety inside the mine, prevents heavy falling objects from damaging the arched leakage net component 8, and also provides a safe transportation environment. The arched hole plate 10 fits the inner wall of the vehicle crosswalk At the same time, it also plays a supporting role, and the holes inside it fit closely with the double-layer diamond mesh 9, which also provides buffering characteristics for the debris falling in the horizontal tunnel, and performs netting to prevent the fallen impurities and falling rocks from affecting the safety of transportation in the tunnel, reducing the falling of heavy objects on the inner wall, avoiding the damage caused by the impact force of the blasting on the pipeline and transportation tools, and increasing the tension of the inner wall, preventing safety hazards during tunnel transportation, improving transportation efficiency, strengthening the safety system of tunnel operations, avoiding the occurrence of losses, shortening the construction period, and reasonably controlling the construction cost. At the same time, it effectively avoids the formation of the hole and the surrounding rock formations being damaged by the blasting vibration, ensuring that the hole wall is intact and smooth, and the over-excavation is reduced, the environmental pollution on the construction site is reduced, and efficient and economical tunnel construction is achieved.

[0126] It should be understood that in various embodiments of the present invention, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0127] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel construction method, characterized in that: The method comprises: A first tunnel boring machine is used to excavate a pilot tunnel in a first main tunnel, and a second tunnel boring machine is used to excavate a second main tunnel, wherein the excavation directions of the first tunnel boring machine and the second tunnel boring machine are the same; Excavating at least two vehicle transverse tunnels between the pilot tunnel and the second main tunnel, wherein the vehicle transverse tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle transverse tunnel, and the other vehicle transverse tunnels are the second vehicle transverse tunnels; Providing a first supply configuration to the first tunnel boring machine through the first vehicle cross tunnel and the second main tunnel so that the first tunnel boring machine continues to excavate; A second supply configuration is provided for the drilling and blasting process through the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel and the second main tunnel, so as to expand the pilot tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel by using the drilling and blasting process.

2. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: at the position of the vehicle cross tunnel, based on the purpose of permanent and temporary combination, configuring the vehicle cross tunnel as a cross passage.

3. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: expanding the pilot tunnel at the entrance of the first main tunnel by using a drilling and blasting process.

4. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first supply configuration includes: a power cord, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material cart.

5. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second supply configuration includes: a power cord, a slag discharge vehicle, a belt conveyor, a water pipe, a pneumatic pipeline, an air supply duct and a material vehicle.

6. The tunnel construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second vehicle-carrying cross tunnel is provided with: power lines, a slag-discharging vehicle, water pipes and air ducts, and the second main tunnel is parallel to the first main tunnel.

7. The tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The number of the first main holes is at least one, the number of the first tunnel boring machines is consistent with the number of the first main holes, the number of the first main holes is two, and the two first main holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second main hole.

8. A tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes an arched mesh assembly, which is composed of a double-layer diamond mesh and an arched perforated plate. The arched perforated plate is provided with multiple groups, and multiple groups of double-layer diamond meshes are provided on the surface of the arched perforated plate. Spring seats are installed between the multiple groups of arched perforated plates.

9. A tunnel construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes an excavation device, which includes a positioning component, a plurality of groups of holes are equidistantly arranged inside the positioning component, a plurality of groups of rotating shaft frames are installed on the surface of the positioning component, a shock-absorbing pad is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft frame, a bracket is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft frame, a turntable is installed on the inner wall of the bracket, a sliding rod is installed on the inner wall of the turntable, a sliding block is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding rod, a connecting frame is installed on the top of the sliding block, a sliding rail is installed at one end of the sliding block, a movable block is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding rail, one end of the movable block is rotatably connected to a rock drilling rig, and a torque sensor is arranged inside the rock drilling rig.

10. A tunnel construction structure, characterized in that: include: a first main hole, wherein a guide hole is formed in the first main hole; A second main tunnel, wherein at least two vehicle transverse tunnels are formed between the second main tunnel and the first main tunnel, wherein the vehicle transverse tunnel close to the second tunnel boring machine is the first vehicle transverse tunnel, and the other vehicle transverse tunnels are the second vehicle transverse tunnels; A guide tunnel area corresponding to the second vehicle-carrying transverse tunnel is formed with a guide tunnel expansion blasthole.

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