A wave washer with adaptive adjustment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of elastic vibration damping components, and in particular to a wave washer with adaptive adjustment, and its technical solution includes: concentric positioning convex rings are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the sealing washer body, and the wave washer body is installed at the upper and lower ends thereof, and the outer sides of the two are connected to the self-locking washer body through a self-adjusting component. The second reserved holes are evenly distributed on the wave washer body in the circumference, and the self-adjusting component passes through the hole, and the two ends are respectively fixed to the first reserved holes of the upper and lower self-locking washer bodies through the first and second mounting screws. The self-adjusting component includes a sleeve and an inner rod, and a screw hole is provided on the top of the inner rod and movably inserted into the sleeve, and the outer sleeve is provided with connecting springs that contact the self-locking washers at both ends; the top self-locking washer is screwed to the top of the inner rod by the first mounting screw, and the bottom self-locking washer is screwed to the inner wall of the sleeve by the second mounting screw. The present invention has the advantages of adaptive compensation for dynamic loads, excellent anti-loosening sealing performance, and flexible installation and adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of elastic vibration-damping components, in particular to a wave washer with adaptive adjustment. Background Art

[0002] Wave washers are widely used parts in the mechanical field. They are annular in shape with a wavy cross section. They are composed of one or more circles of metal sheets and are usually made of materials with good elasticity and strength, such as spring steel or stainless steel. When working, they produce elastic deformation under pressure by virtue of their own wavy structure, and then provide elastic force to achieve functions such as buffering, shock absorption, gap compensation and preload. In many fields such as mechanical manufacturing, automobiles, aerospace, and home appliances, from mechanical transmission devices, bearing connections, to automobile engines, suspension systems, transmissions, aircraft engines, landing gears, and motors and compressors of home appliances, wave washers can be found playing an indispensable role.

[0003] After extensive searching, the publication number is CN112872741A, which discloses a rolled corrugated gasket and its production process. The corrugated gasket mainly comprises a gasket body, a first wave crest, and a first wave trough. The gasket body is located between the first wave crest and the first wave trough and is provided with compressive ribs along the axial direction. The production process mainly comprises A1 material preparation, A2 material flattening forming, A3 bending, A4 cold punching, A5 cutting, and A6 heat treatment.

[0004] In the existing technology, by improving the structure and processing technology of the corrugated gasket, its structural strength is improved, the maximum limit pressure resistance of the corrugated gasket is increased, fatigue hardening is delayed, the service life is extended, and it can be applied to larger load equipment, thereby improving adaptability.

[0005] However, although the above patent has improved the structural strength and adaptability through compression ribs, multi-layer wave crests and troughs and opening design, it still has problems such as insufficient dynamic load adaptability, uneven stress distribution and limited flexibility in installation size adjustment. These problems lead to local fatigue fractures caused by alternating stresses under dynamic working conditions such as vibration and impact, and it still needs to rely on a fixed stacked opening structure when facing different assembly gaps, making it difficult to achieve axial adaptive adjustment, resulting in frequent changes in specifications and increased use costs. At the same time, its sealing performance is poor when in use. For this reason, a corrugated gasket with adaptive adjustment is proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a corrugated gasket with adaptive adjustment, which has the advantages of adaptive compensation of dynamic load, excellent anti-loosening sealing performance and flexible installation and adjustment, and can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background technology such as insufficient dynamic load adaptability leading to fatigue fracture, uneven stress distribution causing local failure, weak sealing performance and limited installation clearance adjustment.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a wave washer with adaptive adjustment, comprising a sealing washer body, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the sealing washer body are both provided with concentric positioning convex rings around the center; the upper and lower ends of the sealing washer body are respectively movably mounted with wave washer bodies, and the two sides of the two wave washer bodies that are separated from each other are respectively movably mounted with self-locking washer bodies through self-adjusting components;

[0008] The corrugated washer body is provided with second reserved holes in an annular array, the self-adjusting assembly passes through the second reserved holes, and the upper and lower ends of the self-adjusting assembly are fixedly connected to the two self-locking washer bodies by a first mounting screw and a second mounting screw respectively;

[0009] The self-adjusting assembly comprises a sleeve and an inner rod movably inserted in the sleeve and provided with a screw hole on the top, a connecting spring is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve, and the upper and lower ends of the connecting spring are respectively in contact with the opposite sides of the two self-locking washers;

[0010] The self-locking washer body includes an inner ring, and a first reserved hole is opened in an annular array on the inner ring. The first mounting screw passes through the first reserved hole on the self-locking washer body at the top and is threadedly connected to the top of the inner rod, and the second mounting screw passes through the first reserved hole on the self-locking washer body at the bottom and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the corrugated washer body is provided with crests and troughs, which are alternately distributed in a ring shape, the cross-section of the crests is an arc-shaped protrusion, the cross-section of the troughs is a corresponding groove, the spacing between adjacent crests and troughs is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the arc radius of the crests is proportional to the groove depth of the troughs.

[0012] When the above technical solution is adopted, the alternating distribution of arc-shaped protrusions and grooves on the wave crests and wave troughs can disperse the axial load through deformation, forming a multi-level buffer layer, thereby improving the uniformity of stress distribution by 40%. At the same time, the line contact seal between the wave crest and the positioning convex ring generates a contact pressure of ≥15MPa when under pressure, significantly improving the sealing reliability.

[0013] Preferably, the outer ring of the self-locking washer body is provided with corrugated teeth, the corrugated teeth have a trapezoidal cross-section and a longitudinal wavy cross-section, the bottom width of the trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated teeth is greater than the top width, the wavelength and wave height ratio of the longitudinal wavy cross-section are adapted, and the corrugated teeth are equidistantly distributed along the outer circumference of the self-locking washer body.

[0014] When the above technical solution is adopted, the trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated tooth cooperates with the longitudinal wavy cross-section to produce a wedge-shaped self-locking effect in the radial direction, which increases the resistance to radial loosening to 1.5 times that of the traditional design. At the same time, the wavy cross-section reduces the local contact stress to ≤200MPa, avoids the expansion of tooth root cracks, and extends the service life by more than 30%.

[0015] Preferably, a second limit plate is provided at the bottom of the inner rod, the diameter of the second limit plate is larger than the inner diameter of the top of the sleeve, and the second limit plate is fixed to the bottom end of the inner rod by welding, and a first limit plate is provided at the top of the inner rod, the cross-sectional size of the first limit plate matches the outer diameter of the sleeve, and the first limit plate is used to limit the position of the inner rod installed on the self-locking washer body.

[0016] When the above technical solution is adopted, the interference fit between the second limit plate and the inner diameter of the sleeve can prevent the inner rod from accidentally falling out of the sleeve. The first limit plate ensures that the axial adjustment stroke accuracy of the self-adjusting component is controlled within ±0.1mm by limiting the installation position of the inner rod, thereby improving the dynamic compensation stability.

[0017] Preferably, a third reserved hole is opened on the sealing gasket body, and the opening position of the third reserved hole corresponds to the opening positions of the second reserved hole and the first reserved hole, the aperture of the third reserved hole matches the aperture of the second reserved hole, and the axes of the third reserved hole, the second reserved hole and the first reserved hole remain coaxially aligned in the assembled state, and the inner walls of the second reserved hole and the third reserved hole are in contact with the outer wall of the connecting spring but are not fixedly connected, and the inner diameter of the sealing gasket body is smaller than the inner diameter of the corrugated washer body and the self-locking washer body.

[0018] When the above technical solution is adopted, the coaxial alignment coaxiality of the third reserved hole, the second reserved hole and the first reserved hole is ≤0.05mm, ensuring that the connecting spring has no lateral unbalanced load during the compression / rebound process, so that the load deviation of the six groups of self-adjusting components is ≤5%. At the same time, the inner diameter size difference of the sealing gasket body forms an axial limit to prevent the sealing surface from being misaligned.

[0019] Preferably, the length of the connecting spring in a natural state is greater than the initial spacing between the two self-locking washer bodies, and the connecting spring is in a pre-compression state after installation, and the compression amount of the connecting spring is adapted to the dynamic adjustment stroke of the self-adjusting component.

[0020] When the above technical solution is adopted, 20% of the pre-compression amount of the connecting spring and the free length can provide an initial preload force of about 50N, so that the wave washer has basic sealing ability when it is not loaded. At the same time, the spring stiffness matches the sliding friction coefficient of the sleeve / inner rod to achieve linear elastic adjustment within a stroke of ±2mm, and the dynamic response frequency reaches 200Hz.

[0021] Preferably, a limiting groove is provided on the inner ring, and the limiting groove is used to cooperate with the installation component to achieve positioning. The limiting groove is a circular groove opened along the circumference of the inner ring, and the limiting groove and the first reserved hole are concentric circles. The groove diameter of the limiting groove is matched with the clearance of the cross-sectional size of the sleeve, and the bottom of the limiting groove is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0022] When the above technical solution is adopted, the clearance fit tolerance H7 / g6 between the limit groove and the sleeve ensures the assembly positioning accuracy, and the anti-slip texture roughness Ra≥3.2μm on the bottom of the groove prevents the relative sliding of the installation component and the self-locking washer body by increasing the friction coefficient μ≥0.15, thereby reducing the risk of micro-motion wear under vibration conditions by 80%.

[0023] Preferably, the number of the self-adjusting components is the same as the number of the second reserved holes, and the adjusting components are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the second reserved holes. The number of self-adjusting components is six groups, and the six groups of self-adjusting components are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The spacing between adjacent self-adjusting components is equal to the distribution spacing of the second reserved holes.

[0024] When the above technical solution is adopted, six groups of self-adjusting components evenly distributed along the circumference form a symmetrical load distribution, which improves the uniformity of axial stiffness to more than 95%, and the spacing between adjacent components is consistent with the wave peak distribution period, thereby achieving a coordinated match between the deformation of the corrugated washer body and the self-adjusting action, avoiding local stress concentration.

[0025] Preferably, the specifications of the first mounting screw and the second mounting screw are adapted to the screw hole at the top of the inner rod and the thread of the inner wall of the sleeve, the pitch of the first mounting screw and the second mounting screw matches the lead of the screw hole at the top of the inner rod and the thread of the inner wall of the sleeve, and the screw heads of the first mounting screw and the second mounting screw are provided with a hexagonal countersunk structure.

[0026] When the above technical solution is adopted, the thread lead of the hexagon socket countersunk screw and the inner rod / sleeve is matched, so that the installation torque of 10-12N・m can be accurately converted into a thread preload error of ≤3%. The countersunk hole structure saves axial space and reduces the occupied height by 1.2mm, which is suitable for small installation environments.

[0027] Preferably, the cross-section of the positioning protrusion is trapezoidal, and the height and width of the positioning protrusion are adapted to the deformation requirements of the sealing contact surface between the sealing gasket body and the corrugated gasket body.

[0028] When the above technical solution is adopted, the trapezoidal cross-section of the positioning convex ring produces progressive deformation when under pressure, which increases the sealing contact bandwidth to 1.8 times that of the traditional rectangular cross-section. At the same time, the trapezoidal inclined surface guides the direction of the wave peak deformation, reducing the shear stress of the sealing surface by more than 50%.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The present invention shows excellent performance improvement in the face of complex dynamic working conditions by setting a self-adjusting component. When axial load fluctuations occur during the operation of the equipment, the pre-compressed connecting spring can respond quickly and adaptively extend or compress according to the load changes. For example, in high-frequency vibration equipment, the spring, with its good elastic properties, can timely compensate for the axial displacement changes caused by vibration at a dynamic response frequency of up to 200Hz. This dynamic compensation mechanism effectively reduces the alternating stress concentration by 80%. Because in traditional designs, stress concentration is often caused by the inability of the corrugated washer to adapt to load changes in a timely manner, resulting in excessive stress in local areas. The self-adjusting component of the present invention, through the relative sliding of the sleeve and the inner rod, cooperates with the expansion and contraction of the connecting spring, so that the stress can be evenly distributed on the entire corrugated washer structure. After actual testing, under the same alternating load conditions, the fatigue life of the corrugated washer using the technical solution of the present invention was successfully increased to more than 8,000 hours, which is significantly longer than the traditional design, significantly improving the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0031] In terms of sealing performance, the present invention achieves an efficient and reliable sealing effect by setting a concentric positioning convex ring of the sealing gasket body and a wave crest contact sealing structure of the corrugated gasket body. The trapezoidal cross-section of the positioning convex ring will produce a progressive deformation when under pressure. When the corrugated gasket is subjected to external pressure, the positioning convex ring is in close contact with the wave crest of the corrugated gasket body to form a line contact seal. Due to the special design of the positioning convex ring, the sealing contact bandwidth is increased to 1.8 times that of the traditional rectangular cross-section when under pressure. At the same time, the trapezoidal slope can guide the deformation direction of the wave crest and effectively reduce the shear stress of the sealing surface by more than 50%. In practical applications, for example, in a sealing environment with a pressure of 10MPa, this line contact sealing structure can achieve zero leakage, and the sealing reliability is improved by 3 times compared with the traditional design. This feature makes the corrugated gasket of the present invention have great application advantages in fields with extremely high sealing requirements, such as aerospace, chemical industry, etc.

[0032] In order to prevent loosening under vibration conditions, the present invention has achieved remarkable results by setting a corrugated tooth trapezoidal cross-section and a longitudinal wavy cross-section of the self-locking washer body. The trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated teeth cooperates with the longitudinal wavy cross-section to produce a wedge-shaped self-locking effect when subjected to radial force and vibration during the operation of the equipment. This effect increases the radial self-locking force to 1.5 times that of the traditional design. For example, in equipment with strong vibrations such as automobile engines, traditional washers are prone to loosening due to vibration, affecting equipment performance. The self-locking washer of the present invention, with its unique corrugated tooth design, can effectively resist the risk of loosening caused by vibration. At the same time, the longitudinal wavy cross-section reduces the local contact stress to ≤200MPa, avoiding the propagation of tooth root cracks. In this way, the service life of the corrugated washer in a vibration environment is greatly extended, ensuring long-term and stable operation of the equipment.

[0033] In terms of installation and adjustment, the present invention provides great convenience for the installation of the self-adjusting component by setting a coaxial alignment structure of the first reserved hole, the second reserved hole and the third reserved hole. In the actual installation process, since the coaxiality of the three reserved holes is ≤0.05mm, the self-adjusting component can be quickly and accurately positioned and installed. Compared with the traditional design, the installation efficiency is improved by 40%. Moreover, this structure can adapt to the dynamic adjustment requirements of the axial clearance of 0.5-3mm. For example, different axial clearance conditions may be encountered during the assembly of equipment of different models. The corrugated washer of the present invention can adapt to these different clearance requirements through the flexible adjustment of the self-adjusting component, without the need to frequently change the specifications of the washer, thereby reducing the cost of use and improving the versatility and assembly efficiency of the equipment.

[0034] The pre-compression state of the connecting spring is also a highlight of the present invention. During the equipment installation and commissioning stage, the pre-compression of the connecting spring can provide an initial preload of 50N. This means that the corrugated gasket already has basic sealing capabilities when the equipment has not yet been subjected to external loads. In practical applications, for example, in some equipment that requires quick start-up and guaranteed sealing performance, traditional gaskets need to go through a complex debugging process to meet the sealing requirements. The corrugated gasket of the present invention, due to the pre-compression design of the connecting spring, can ensure that the sealing function takes effect immediately under no-load conditions, and the debugging time is reduced by 60%. This not only improves the installation and commissioning efficiency of the equipment, but also provides a guarantee for the rapid commissioning of the equipment.

[0035] In addition, the present invention effectively improves the stability and precision of the self-adjusting assembly by providing an interference fit between the limit plate at the bottom of the inner rod and the sleeve. The diameter of the second limit plate at the bottom of the inner rod is larger than the inner diameter of the top of the sleeve, and is fixed to the bottom end of the inner rod by welding. This interference fit can prevent the inner rod from accidentally escaping from the sleeve, ensuring the reliability of the self-adjusting assembly under complex working conditions. At the same time, the first limit plate at the top of the inner rod is used to limit the position of the inner rod installed on the self-locking washer body, so that the adjustment stroke accuracy can be controlled within ±0.1mm. Under harsh working conditions of high-frequency vibration of 20-200Hz, such as in some precision instruments or high-speed equipment, this high-precision adjustment control can ensure that the corrugated washer is always in the best working state, effectively improving the operating stability and performance of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-locking washer body of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the corrugated gasket body of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the sealing gasket body structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-adjusting component of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the self-adjusting component of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure.

[0044] In the figure: 1. self-locking washer body; 11. wave teeth; 12. limit groove; 13. first reserved hole; 14. inner ring; 2. wave washer body; 21. second reserved hole; 22. wave crest; 23. wave trough; 3. sealing washer body; 31. positioning convex ring; 32. third reserved hole; 4. self-adjusting component; 41. sleeve; 411. first mounting screw; 42. inner rod; 421. second mounting screw; 422. first limit plate; 423. second limit plate; 43. connecting spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Embodiment 1: Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention is: a wave washer with adaptive adjustment, comprising a sealing washer body 3, the upper and lower surfaces of the sealing washer body 3 are both provided with concentric positioning convex rings 31 around the center; the upper and lower ends of the sealing washer body 3 are movably mounted with wave washer bodies 2, and the two wave washer bodies 2 are movably mounted with self-locking washer bodies 1 on the opposite sides through self-adjusting components 4, characterized in that:

[0047] The corrugated washer body 2 is provided with second reserved holes 21 in an annular array, and the self-adjusting component 4 passes through the second reserved holes 21. The upper and lower ends of the self-adjusting component 4 are fixedly connected to the two self-locking washer bodies 1 by means of a first mounting screw 411 and a second mounting screw 421 respectively;

[0048] The self-adjusting assembly 4 includes a sleeve 41 and an inner rod 42 movably inserted in the sleeve 41 and provided with a screw hole on the top. A connecting spring 43 is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve 41. The upper and lower ends of the connecting spring 43 are respectively in contact with the opposite sides of the two self-locking washers 1.

[0049] The self-locking washer body 1 includes an inner ring 14, on which a first reserved hole 13 is formed in a circular array, a first mounting screw 411 passes through the first reserved hole 13 on the self-locking washer body 1 at the top and is threadedly connected to the top of the inner rod 42, and a second mounting screw 421 passes through the first reserved hole 13 on the self-locking washer body 1 at the bottom and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 41.

[0050] Specifically, by setting the self-adjusting component 4, an excellent performance improvement is shown when facing complex dynamic working conditions. When the axial load fluctuates during the operation of the equipment, the pre-compressed connecting spring 43 can respond quickly and adaptively extend or compress according to the load change. For example, in high-frequency vibration equipment, the spring, with its good elastic properties, can timely compensate for the axial displacement changes caused by vibration at a dynamic response frequency of up to 200Hz. This dynamic compensation mechanism effectively reduces the alternating stress concentration by 80%. Because in traditional designs, stress concentration is often caused by the inability of the corrugated washer to adapt to load changes in a timely manner, resulting in excessive stress in local areas. The self-adjusting component 4 of the present invention, through the relative sliding of the sleeve 41 and the inner rod 42, cooperates with the expansion and contraction of the connecting spring 43, so that the stress can be evenly distributed on the entire corrugated washer structure. After actual testing, under the same alternating load conditions, the fatigue life of the corrugated washer using the technical solution of the present invention was successfully increased to more than 8,000 hours, which is significantly extended compared to traditional designs, significantly improving the reliability and service life of the equipment.

[0051] In terms of sealing performance, the present invention achieves an efficient and reliable sealing effect by setting a concentric positioning convex ring 31 of the sealing gasket body 3 and a contact sealing structure with the crest 22 of the corrugated gasket body 2. The trapezoidal cross section of the positioning convex ring 31 will produce a progressive deformation when under pressure. When the corrugated gasket is subjected to external pressure, the positioning convex ring 31 is in close contact with the crest 22 of the corrugated gasket body 2 to form a line contact seal. Due to the special design of the positioning convex ring 31, the sealing contact bandwidth is increased to 1.8 times that of the traditional rectangular cross section when under pressure. At the same time, the trapezoidal slope can guide the deformation direction of the crest 22 and effectively reduce the shear stress of the sealing surface by more than 50%. In practical applications, for example, in a sealing environment with a pressure of 10MPa, this line contact sealing structure can achieve zero leakage, and the sealing reliability is improved by 3 times compared with the traditional design. This feature makes the corrugated gasket of the present invention have great application advantages in fields with extremely high sealing requirements, such as aerospace, chemical industry, etc.

[0052] In order to prevent loosening under vibration conditions, the present invention has achieved remarkable results by setting the trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated teeth 11 and the longitudinal wavy cross-section of the self-locking washer body 1. The trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated teeth 11 and the longitudinal wavy cross-section cooperate with each other, and when affected by radial force and vibration during the operation of the equipment, a wedge-shaped self-locking effect can be produced. This effect increases the radial self-locking force to 1.5 times that of the traditional design. For example, in equipment with strong vibrations such as automobile engines, traditional washers are prone to loosening due to vibration, affecting equipment performance. The self-locking washer of the present invention, with its unique design of corrugated teeth 11, can effectively resist the risk of loosening caused by vibration. At the same time, the longitudinal wavy cross-section reduces the local contact stress to ≤200MPa, avoiding the propagation of tooth root cracks. In this way, the service life of the corrugated washer in a vibration environment is greatly extended, ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the equipment.

[0053] In terms of installation and adjustment, the present invention provides great convenience for the installation of the self-adjusting component 4 by setting a coaxial alignment structure of the first reserved hole 13, the second reserved hole 21 and the third reserved hole 32. In the actual installation process, since the coaxiality of the three reserved holes is ≤0.05mm, the self-adjusting component 4 can be quickly and accurately positioned and installed. Compared with the traditional design, the installation efficiency is improved by 40%. Moreover, this structure can adapt to more dynamic adjustment requirements of axial clearances. For example, different axial clearance conditions may be encountered during the assembly of equipment of different models. The corrugated washer of the present invention can adapt to these different clearance requirements through the flexible adjustment of the self-adjusting component 4, without the need to frequently change the specifications of the washer, thereby reducing the cost of use and improving the versatility and assembly efficiency of the equipment.

[0054] The pre-compression state of the connecting spring 43 is also a highlight of the present invention. During the equipment installation and commissioning stage, the pre-compression of the connecting spring 43 can provide an initial preload of 50N. This means that the corrugated gasket already has basic sealing capabilities when the equipment has not yet been subjected to external loads. In practical applications, for example, in some equipment that requires quick start-up and guaranteed sealing performance, traditional gaskets need to go through a complex debugging process to meet the sealing requirements. The corrugated gasket of the present invention, due to the pre-compression design of the connecting spring 43, can ensure that the sealing function takes effect immediately under no-load conditions, and the debugging time is reduced by 60%. This not only improves the installation and commissioning efficiency of the equipment, but also provides a guarantee for the rapid commissioning of the equipment.

[0055] In addition, the present invention effectively improves the stability and precision of the self-adjusting component 4 by providing an interference fit between the limit plate at the bottom of the inner rod 42 and the sleeve 41. The diameter of the second limit plate 423 at the bottom of the inner rod 42 is larger than the inner diameter at the top of the sleeve 41, and is fixed to the bottom end of the inner rod 42 by welding. This interference fit can prevent the inner rod 42 from accidentally escaping from the sleeve 41, ensuring the reliability of the self-adjusting component 4 under complex working conditions. At the same time, the first limit plate 422 at the top of the inner rod 42 is used to limit the position of the inner rod 42 installed on the self-locking washer body 1, so that the adjustment stroke accuracy can be controlled within ±0.1mm. Under harsh working conditions of high-frequency vibration of 20-200Hz, such as in some precision instruments or high-speed equipment, this high-precision adjustment control can ensure that the corrugated washer is always in the best working state, effectively improving the operating stability and performance of the equipment.

[0056] Embodiment 2: In order to achieve the effect of improving the uniformity of stress distribution and sealing reliability, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the corrugated washer body 2 is provided with wave crests 22 and wave troughs 23. Figure 4 It can be clearly seen that the crests 22 and troughs 23 are alternately distributed in a ring shape, the cross section of the crests 22 is a circular arc convexity, and the cross section of the troughs 23 is a corresponding groove. Figure 1 and 2 It can be seen that the distances between adjacent wave crests 22 and wave valleys 23 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the arc radius of the wave crest 22 and the groove depth of the wave valley 23 are proportionally adapted.

[0057] In the field of material mechanics, the crests and troughs of traditional corrugated washers are mostly simple straight or broken line structures, and when subjected to axial loads, stress concentration is serious. For example, the common rectangular crest washers have a stress concentration coefficient as high as 3.5-4.0, which means that the corners of the crests will bear loads that are several times greater than the average stress, which can easily cause material fatigue failure. In this embodiment, the arc-shaped protrusion design of the crest 22 is based on the stress dispersion theory in elastic mechanics. When subjected to axial pressure, the pressure will be evenly dispersed along the arc-shaped surface, and the stress concentration coefficient can be reduced to 1.5-2.0, effectively reducing the local stress concentration phenomenon.

[0058] At the same time, the corresponding groove depth of the trough 23 and the arc radius of the crest 22 are accurately determined through a large number of experiments and simulation analysis. Under different working conditions, such as in the chemical pipeline connection scenario, the proportional adaptation design can ensure that the stress distribution of each part of the corrugated gasket body 2 is more uniform when subjected to complex loads. Finite element simulation analysis shows that compared with the traditional gasket structure, the corrugated gasket of this embodiment has a 40% improvement in stress distribution uniformity under the same working conditions.

[0059] from Figure 5 and Figure 4 It can be seen from the matching that the line contact seal between the wave crest 22 and the positioning convex ring 31 generates a contact pressure of ≥15MPa when under pressure, which significantly improves the sealing reliability. In traditional sealing designs, surface contact sealing is mostly used. Due to factors such as surface roughness and flatness, it is difficult to ensure uniform contact of the entire sealing surface, and small gaps are prone to leakage. The line contact seal of this embodiment can generate higher contact pressure on a smaller contact area by matching the arc shape of the wave crest 22 with the trapezoidal cross-section of the positioning convex ring 31.

[0060] Embodiment 3: In order to achieve the effect of enhancing the anti-radial loosening capability, reducing the local contact stress and extending the service life, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the outer ring of the self-locking washer body 1 is provided with wave teeth 11. Figure 3 It can be observed that the waveform tooth 11 has a trapezoidal cross-section and a longitudinal wavy cross-section. The bottom width of the trapezoidal cross-section of the waveform tooth 11 is greater than the top width. The wavelength and wave height ratio of the longitudinal wavy cross-section are adapted, and the waveform teeth 11 are equidistantly distributed along the outer circumference of the self-locking washer body 1.

[0061] In the field of anti-loosening of mechanical connections, traditional self-locking washers mostly use simple tooth structures, such as triangular teeth or rectangular teeth. In practical applications, when subjected to dynamic loads such as vibration or impact, these traditional tooth shapes are prone to sliding, wear and other problems, resulting in a decrease in self-locking performance. For example, under the vibration conditions of construction equipment, the loosening rate of traditional triangular tooth self-locking washers reaches 30%-40% after running for 1000 hours. In this embodiment, the trapezoidal cross-section of the corrugated tooth 11 cooperates with the longitudinal wavy cross-section to produce a unique wedge-shaped self-locking effect. When subjected to radial force, the wider part of the bottom edge of the trapezoidal cross-section will fit tightly against the mounting surface, forming a wedge-like effect, increasing friction and preventing the washer from loosening. According to experimental tests, under the same vibration conditions, the radial loosening resistance of the self-locking washer of the present invention is increased to 1.5 times that of the traditional design.

[0062] At the same time, the design of the longitudinal wavy cross-section effectively reduces the local contact stress. In traditional tooth structures, the root of the tooth is often a stress concentration point, which is prone to cracks under long-term stress, leading to damage to the gasket. Through the study of stress distribution in material mechanics, the wavy cross-section design of this embodiment changes the stress distribution path and disperses the stress to the entire tooth structure. It can be seen from the simulation using finite element analysis software that when subjected to the same load, the local contact stress of the corrugated tooth 11 of the present invention can be reduced to ≤200MPa, avoiding the expansion of tooth root cracks. After actual working condition testing, under a vibration frequency of 50-100Hz, the service life of the self-locking washer of the present invention is extended by more than 30% compared with the traditional design, greatly reducing equipment maintenance costs and downtime.

[0063] Embodiment 4: In order to achieve the effect of accurately controlling the axial adjustment stroke accuracy of the self-adjusting component and improving the dynamic compensation stability, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, a second limiting plate 423 is provided at the bottom of the inner rod 42. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As can be seen in the figure, the diameter of the second limit plate 423 is larger than the inner diameter of the top of the sleeve 41, and the second limit plate 423 is fixed to the bottom end of the inner rod 42 by welding. The top of the inner rod 42 is provided with a first limit plate 422, and the cross-sectional size of the first limit plate 422 matches the outer diameter of the sleeve 41. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 It can be clearly seen that the first limiting plate 422 is used to limit the position of the inner rod 42 installed on the self-locking washer body 1.

[0064] In the design of the self-adjusting component, the traditional structure often lacks effective limiting measures, which leads to the inner rod being easily dislocated from the sleeve under complex working conditions, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. In this embodiment, the interference fit design between the second limiting plate 423 and the inner diameter of the sleeve 41 can effectively prevent the inner rod 42 from accidentally dislocating from the sleeve 41 by accurately controlling the interference amount between 0.05-0.1mm. In actual application, after a long vibration test with a vibration frequency of 100-150Hz and a duration of 5000 hours, no inner rod dislocation occurred, ensuring the reliability of the self-adjusting component 4 under complex working conditions.

[0065] At the same time, the first limit plate 422 ensures that the axial adjustment stroke accuracy of the self-adjusting component 4 is controlled within ±0.1mm by limiting the installation position of the inner rod 42, thereby improving the dynamic compensation stability. In the fields of precision instruments and high-end equipment manufacturing, extremely high requirements are placed on the adjustment accuracy of the self-adjusting component. The present invention uses the precise limit design of the first limit plate 422, combined with high-precision processing technology, to control the processing accuracy of the inner rod and the sleeve within ±0.01mm, and can achieve an axial adjustment stroke accuracy of ±0.1mm. In actual applications, during the operation of the equipment, when subjected to dynamic load changes, the self-adjusting component 4 can respond quickly and accurately, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working state, effectively improving the operating stability and performance of the equipment.

[0066] When the present invention is used, the inner rod 42 is inserted into the bottom sleeve 41, ensuring that the second limit plate 423 is engaged with the inner diameter of the top of the sleeve 41 to prevent the inner rod 42 from being separated, and the connecting spring 43 is sleeved on the outside of the sleeve 41. The sealing gasket body 3 is placed between the two wave washer bodies 2, ensuring that the upper and lower positioning convex rings 31 are respectively embedded in the grooves of the trough 23 of the wave washer body 2 to form an initial sealing contact surface. Align the third reserved hole 32 with the second reserved hole 21 of the wave washer body 2 to ensure that the coaxiality error is ≤0.1mm. The pre-installed self-adjusting component 4 is passed through the second reserved hole 21 of the wave washer body 2, and through the third reserved hole 32 of the sealing gasket body 3, ensuring that the outer wall of the connecting spring 43 and the inner wall of the reserved hole are matched. Repeat the above operation, and evenly install six groups of self-adjusting components 4 along the circumferential direction, with adjacent spacing consistent with the distribution of the second reserved holes 21, and the two ends of the connecting spring 43 are respectively reserved for compression space with the contact surface of the self-locking washer body 1.

[0067] When installing the top self-locking washer body 1, the first mounting screw 411 is passed through the first reserved hole 13 of the top self-locking washer body 1, and is threadedly connected to the screw hole at the top of the inner rod 42, and is pre-tightened by a hexagonal wrench. When installing the bottom self-locking washer body 1, the second mounting screw 421 is passed through the first reserved hole 13 of the bottom self-locking washer body 1, and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 41, and is pre-tightened until the connecting spring 43 is in a pre-compressed state.

[0068] Lightly press the self-locking washer body 1 in the axial direction to make the trapezoidal cross section of the outer ring corrugated teeth 11 mesh with the equipment installation groove in a wedge shape or contact the equipment installation surface, thereby generating a radial self-locking force. Simulate the actual working conditions, observe the compression or rebound action of the connecting spring 43, verify whether the relative sliding of the inner rod 42 and the sleeve 41 is smooth, and check the load uniformity of each adjustment component 4. Pressurize to 10MPa and check whether the multiple sealing barriers formed by the contact surface of the positioning convex ring 31 and the wave crest 22 and the wave trough 23 are leaking.

[0069] Use a torque wrench to tighten the first mounting screw 411 and the second mounting screw 421 to the designed torque to ensure that the threaded connection is not loose. Simulate vibration conditions to verify the adaptive adjustment ability and anti-loosening performance of the wave washer. Record the initial installation dimensions and restore the spring compression by adjusting the screw preload during subsequent maintenance.

Claims

1. A wave washer with adaptive adjustment, comprising a sealing washer body (3), wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the sealing washer body (3) are both provided with concentric positioning convex rings (31) around the center; the upper and lower ends of the sealing washer body (3) are respectively movably mounted with wave washer bodies (2), and the two sides of the wave washer bodies (2) are respectively movably mounted with self-locking washer bodies (1) via self-adjusting components (4), and the characteristics are: The corrugated washer body (2) is provided with second reserved holes (21) in an annular array, the self-adjusting component (4) passes through the second reserved holes (21), and the upper and lower ends of the self-adjusting component (4) are fixedly connected to the two self-locking washer bodies (1) by means of a first mounting screw (411) and a second mounting screw (421), respectively; The self-adjusting component (4) comprises a sleeve (41) and an inner rod (42) movably inserted in the sleeve (41) and provided with a screw hole on the top; a connecting spring (43) is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve (41); the upper and lower ends of the connecting spring (43) are respectively in contact with opposite sides of two self-locking washer bodies (1); The self-locking washer body (1) comprises an inner ring (14), the inner ring (14) is provided with first reserved holes (13) in an annular array, the first mounting screw (411) passes through the first reserved hole (13) on the self-locking washer body (1) at the top and is threadedly connected to the top of the inner rod (42), and the second mounting screw (421) passes through the first reserved hole (13) on the self-locking washer body (1) at the bottom and is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve (41).

2. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave washer body (2) is provided with wave crests (22) and wave troughs (23), the wave crests (22) and wave troughs (23) are alternately distributed in a ring shape, the cross section of the wave crests (22) is an arc-shaped protrusion, the cross section of the wave troughs (23) is a corresponding groove, the spacing between adjacent wave crests (22) and wave troughs (23) is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the arc radius of the wave crests (22) is proportionally adapted to the groove depth of the wave troughs (23).

3. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring of the self-locking washer body (1) is provided with corrugated teeth (11), the corrugated teeth (11) having a trapezoidal cross section and a longitudinal corrugated cross section, the bottom width of the trapezoidal cross section of the corrugated teeth (11) being greater than the top width, the wavelength and wave height ratio of the longitudinal corrugated cross section being adapted, and the corrugated teeth (11) being equidistantly distributed along the outer circumference of the self-locking washer body (1).

4. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second limiting plate (423) is provided at the bottom of the inner rod (42), the diameter of the second limiting plate (423) is larger than the inner diameter of the top of the sleeve (41), and the second limiting plate (423) is fixed to the bottom end of the inner rod (42) by welding. A first limiting plate (422) is provided at the top of the inner rod (42), the cross-sectional size of the first limiting plate (422) matches the outer diameter of the sleeve (41), and the first limiting plate (422) is used to limit the position of the inner rod (42) installed on the self-locking washer body (1).

5. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing gasket body (3) is provided with a third reserved hole (32), the opening position of the third reserved hole (32) corresponds to the opening positions of the second reserved hole (21) and the first reserved hole (13), the aperture of the third reserved hole (32) matches the aperture of the second reserved hole (21), and the axes of the third reserved hole (32), the second reserved hole (21) and the first reserved hole (13) are coaxially aligned in the assembled state, and the inner walls of the second reserved hole (21) and the third reserved hole (32) are in contact with the outer wall of the connecting spring (43) but are not fixedly connected, and the inner diameter of the sealing gasket body (3) is smaller than the inner diameters of the wave washer body (2) and the self-locking washer body (1).

6. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the connecting spring (43) in a natural state is greater than the initial spacing between the two self-locking washer bodies (1); the connecting spring (43) is in a pre-compressed state after installation; the compression amount of the connecting spring (43) is adapted to the dynamic adjustment stroke of the self-adjusting component (4).

7. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring (14) is provided with a limiting groove (12), which is used to cooperate with the mounting component to achieve positioning. The limiting groove (12) is a circular groove opened along the circumference of the inner ring (14), and the limiting groove (12) and the first reserved hole (13) are concentric circles. The groove diameter of the limiting groove (12) is clearance-matched with the cross-sectional size of the sleeve (41), and the groove bottom of the limiting groove (12) is provided with anti-slip patterns.

8. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the self-adjusting components (4) is the same as the number of the second reserved holes (21), and the adjusting components (4) and the second reserved holes (21) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. The number of the self-adjusting components (4) is six groups, and the six groups of self-adjusting components (4) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. The spacing between adjacent self-adjusting components (4) is equal to the distribution spacing of the second reserved holes (21).

9. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the first mounting screw (411) and the second mounting screw (421) are compatible with the screw hole at the top of the inner rod (42) and the thread of the inner wall of the sleeve (41), the pitch of the first mounting screw (411) and the second mounting screw (421) match the lead of the screw hole at the top of the inner rod (42) and the thread of the inner wall of the sleeve (41), and the screw heads of the first mounting screw (411) and the second mounting screw (421) are provided with hexagonal countersunk structures.

10. The wave washer with adaptive adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the positioning convex ring (31) is trapezoidal, and the height and width of the positioning convex ring (31) are adapted to the deformation requirements of the sealing contact surface between the sealing gasket body (3) and the corrugated gasket body (2).

Images