Water temperature estimation method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a water temperature estimation method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: according to the internal energy change of the heating electric power of the electronic device in a temperature sampling interval, calculating the water heat exchange power in a water path which exchanges heat with the electronic device; and based on the steady-state heat exchange, the end water temperature of the waterway is estimated according to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. The water heat exchange power in the water path exchanging heat with the electronic device is calculated based on the internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the heating electric power, and the end water temperature of the water path is estimated based on steady-state heat exchange according to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Therefore, the end water temperature of the waterway can be determined based on the internal energy change of the electronic device according to the heating power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device, so that a water temperature sensor is replaced by an algorithm, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to vehicles, and in particular to a water temperature estimation method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium and vehicle. Background Art

[0002] When cooling electronic devices, such as chips, in order to monitor the temperature of the electronic devices, electronic device temperature sensors that monitor the temperature of components of the electronic devices are usually provided to measure the temperature of the electronic devices. In addition, the electronic devices are in contact with water channels, and heat is conducted through the water in the water channels to achieve heat dissipation.

[0003] In order to perform temperature control, it is also necessary to monitor the water temperature at the ends of the water circuit, such as monitoring the water temperature at the water circuit outlet and the water circuit inlet. The prior art uses a water temperature sensor to monitor the water temperature in the water circuit.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology for monitoring the cooling water circuit of the electronic device requires not only a water temperature sensor for monitoring the water temperature, but also an electronic device temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the components of the electronic device, which increases the cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a water temperature estimation method, device, electronic device, storage medium and vehicle for monitoring the heat dissipation water circuit of electronic devices in response to the existing technology, which requires both a water temperature sensor to monitor the water temperature and an electronic device temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of electronic device components, to address the technical problem of increased costs.

[0006] The present invention provides a water temperature estimation method, comprising:

[0007] According to the heating power of the electronic device, based on the change in the internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval, the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated;

[0008] According to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

[0009] Further, the heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated based on the change of the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval according to the heating power of the electronic device, specifically including:

[0010] Calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings;

[0011] Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air;

[0012] The water heat exchange power in the water path for exchanging heat with the electronic device is calculated according to the change in internal energy, the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power.

[0013] Furthermore, the calculation of the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings specifically includes:

[0014] The internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, wherein m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained between two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0015] Furthermore, before calculating the change in the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, the method further includes:

[0016] The measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected, and the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is obtained as follows: Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and a is the time delay coefficient.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation of the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0018] Calculate the air heat transfer power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0019] Furthermore, the calculation of the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0020] The heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated as: Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, Q a is the air heat exchange power.

[0021] Further, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is the water temperature at the water channel inlet, and the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, specifically including:

[0022] The estimated water temperature at the waterway inlet is: Among them, T in is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

[0023] The present invention provides a water temperature estimation device, comprising:

[0024] A water heat exchange power calculation module, used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval;

[0025] The water temperature calculation module is used to estimate the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0026] The present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0027] at least one processor; and,

[0028] a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein,

[0029] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors. The instructions are executed by at least one of the processors to enable the at least one of the processors to perform the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0030] The present invention provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores computer instructions. When a computer executes the computer instructions, the storage medium is used to execute all steps of the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0031] The present invention provides a vehicle, comprising the water temperature estimation device as described above, or the electronic device as described above.

[0032] The present invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat generating electric power and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval, and estimates the water temperature at the end of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Therefore, the water temperature at the end of the water circuit can be determined based on the heat generating power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm to reduce costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a working flow chart of a water temperature estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a working flow chart of a water temperature estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a heat conduction model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of building a waterway flow model according to an example of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the calculation effect of an example of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a water temperature estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 The figure is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same components are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0041] like Figure 1 The figure shows a working flow chart of a water temperature estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0042] Step S101, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval;

[0043] Step S102, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, estimating the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

[0044] Specifically, the present invention can be applied to electronic devices with processing capabilities, such as an electronic control unit (ECU) or an extended domain control unit (XCU) of a vehicle.

[0045] Electronic devices have heating power. Electronic devices dissipate heat through cooling water in the water path and air. Specifically, the heating power of the electronic device is:

[0046] E=(1-η)·UI(1)

[0047] Among them, E is the heating power, η is the working efficiency of the electronic device, U is the voltage, and I is the current.

[0048] The electronic device executes step S101 to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power of the electronic device and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval, wherein the temperature sampling interval is the time interval for sampling the power of the electronic device.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a heat conduction model of an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1 is in contact with the cooling water channel and dissipates heat through the cooling water in the cooling water channel 2. At the same time, the electronic device 1 is exposed to the air and dissipates heat through the air.

[0050] Because it is a quasi-steady state, it can be assumed that the internal temperature of the heated part of the electronic device 1 is uniform, and internal heat conduction can be ignored. Therefore, according to the law of energy conservation:

[0051] dU=(EQ w -Q a )·dt (2)

[0052] Where dt is the temperature sampling interval, dU is the internal energy change in the temperature sampling interval, E is the heating power of the electronic device, Q w Q is the water heat exchange power, that is, the amount of heat transferred from the electronic device to the cooling water in the cooling water circuit 2 per unit time, a It is the air heat exchange power, that is, the heat transferred to the air by the electronic device per unit time. The heat generation electric power is calculated by the power, and the temperature change is measured by the internal sensor of the device to predict the internal energy change and the heat exchange between the electronic device and the air, and then the heat exchange between the electronic device and the water is obtained.

[0053] Then, step S102 is performed to estimate the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0054] Specifically, the entire heat exchange system can be considered that the temperature of each point does not change with time, that is, steady-state heat exchange. Steady-state heat exchange means that the temperature distribution of the entire heat exchange system, including the electronic components as heat sources and the heat transfer elements for heat dissipation, does not change, wherein the temperature distribution does not change means that the temperature of each point does not change or changes very slightly. Based on uniform flow heat exchange, it can be considered that the water channel wall temperature is constant within a single step, so it is considered that the temperature of the pipe wall within a unit step is uniform, so based on the steady-state heat exchange in the control volume, the relationship function between the water heat exchange power and the water temperature at the end of the water channel can be determined, and the water temperature at the end of the water channel can be estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0055] In some embodiments, the end water temperature is the water temperature at the water channel inlet or the water channel outlet.

[0056] The present invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat generating electric power and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval, and estimates the water temperature at the end of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Therefore, the water temperature at the end of the water circuit can be determined based on the heat generating power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm to reduce costs.

[0057] like Figure 2 The flowchart of a water temperature estimation method in another embodiment of the present invention is shown, comprising:

[0058] Step S201 : calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device in a temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0059] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings specifically includes:

[0060] The internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, wherein m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained between two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0061] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, the method further includes:

[0062] The measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected, and the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is obtained as follows: Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and a is the time delay coefficient.

[0063] Step S202, calculating the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air.

[0064] In one embodiment, the calculation of the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0065] Calculate the air heat transfer power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0066] Step S203, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power.

[0067] In one embodiment, the calculating of the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0068] The heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated as: Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, Q a is the air heat exchange power.

[0069] Step S204, estimating the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0070] In one embodiment, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is the water temperature at the water channel inlet, and the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, specifically including:

[0071] The estimated water temperature at the waterway inlet is: Among them, T in is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

[0072] Specifically, step S201 is first performed to calculate the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0073] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings specifically includes:

[0074] The internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, wherein m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained between two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0075] Specifically, the internal energy change is calculated according to formula (3):

[0076] dU=mCp·dT·dt(3)

[0077] Wherein, m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0078] This embodiment provides a calculation formula for the change in internal energy.

[0079] Due to the fluctuation of the temperature sensor, the difference in the measured temperature of the electronic device obtained by directly using two consecutive temperature samplings will have a high-frequency change in the measured temperature caused by the fluctuation.

[0080] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, the method further includes:

[0081] The measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected, and the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is obtained as follows: Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and a is the time delay coefficient.

[0082] In this embodiment, a filter is added to the measured temperature difference to filter out high-frequency changes in the test temperature caused by fluctuations.

[0083] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, a is the time delay coefficient, which can be adjusted according to the thermal inertia of the electronic device, and e is a natural constant.

[0086] Then, step S202 is performed to calculate the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air.

[0087] In one embodiment, the calculation of the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0088] Calculate the air heat transfer power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0089] Specifically, the air heat exchange power is calculated using formula (5):

[0090] Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta) (5)

[0091] Among them, Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0092] Calculate the air heat transfer coefficient a aThe heat transfer coefficient can be fitted according to the air mass flow rate or the Reynolds number can be calculated according to the dimensionless method, and then the heat transfer coefficient can be determined according to the relationship between the Prandtl number and the Nusselt number.

[0093] According to the air mass flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient can be fitted by a quadratic polynomial, and the formula is as follows:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, is the air mass flow rate, C 1a , C 2a , C 3a is the fitting coefficient, which needs to be fitted according to the experimental value. However, the air heat exchange is usually small, so the accuracy can be reduced.

[0096] The dimensionless method involves two flow regimes, laminar and turbulent, which are distinguished by the Reynolds number, which is calculated as:

[0097]

[0098] Nusselt number calculation formula:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula Re a is the Reynolds number of air, Nu a is the Nusselt number of air, V a is the air velocity, L a is the air heat exchange length, v a is the dynamic viscosity of air, λ a is the air thermal conductivity coefficient. Then the air heat transfer coefficient can be obtained as:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, Pr a is the Prandtl number of air, f(Re a ,Pr a ) is an empirical function.

[0103] This embodiment obtains accurate air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air.

[0104] Thereafter, step S203 is executed to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power.

[0105] In one embodiment, the calculating of the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0106] The heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated as: Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, Q a is the air heat exchange power.

[0107] Specifically, by transforming formula (2), the heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is obtained as follows:

[0108] Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, and the heating power of the electronic device is calculated using formula (1). dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, and Q a is the air heat exchange power.

[0109] In this embodiment, the internal energy change and the air heat exchange power are subtracted from the heating power to obtain the accurate water heat exchange power.

[0110] Finally, step S204 is executed to estimate the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0111] In one embodiment, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is the water temperature at the water channel inlet, and the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, specifically including:

[0112] The estimated water temperature at the waterway inlet is: Among them, T in is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

[0113] Specifically, according to uniform flow heat transfer, it is assumed that the wall temperature in the water channel is constant within a single step, so

[0114]

[0115] in, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, T out is the water temperature at the waterway outlet, T in It is the water temperature at the waterway inlet.

[0116] Assuming that the temperature of the tube wall is uniform within a unit step, the steady-state heat transfer in the control volume is

[0117]

[0118] Among them, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, R is the heat transfer area per unit length, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, T0 is the water temperature at position 0, usually the inlet is taken as position 0, T L is the water temperature at position L, dT water is the temperature difference of the length differential, dx is the length differential, and L is the length of the pipeline. Since the water temperature T0 at position 0 is actually the water temperature T at the waterway inlet in , T L In fact, it is the water temperature at the waterway outlet T out , so the integral of the heat transfer formula is:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, α w is the heat transfer coefficient of water, which can be obtained in the same way as the heat transfer coefficient of air, A w is the water heat exchange area, is the water mass flow rate, R is the heat transfer area per unit length, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure. Therefore, substituting formula (11) into formula (13), we can get

[0121]

[0122] Where T in is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

[0123] This embodiment reversely estimates the water temperature at the water path inlet based on the water heat exchange power, thereby reducing sensor requirements, reducing costs, and having high accuracy.

[0124] After obtaining the water temperature at the water channel inlet, the water channel outlet water temperature T can be calculated according to formula (13): out .

[0125] In some embodiments, the method further comprises:

[0126] Acquire a plurality of experimental data, wherein the experimental data include measured values ​​of water channel inlet temperatures;

[0127] Estimate a water heat exchange area A w The water temperature at the water channel inlet is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device based on the steady-state heat exchange. Specifically, the water temperature at the water channel inlet is calculated based on formula (14);

[0128] Adjust the water heat exchange area until the estimated water temperature at the water channel inlet is consistent with the experimental water temperature at the water channel inlet.

[0129] In some embodiments, a waterway flow model is constructed through a neural network model to obtain water mass flow.

[0130] The neural network model is established by obtaining physical model data according to experimental data, and then expanded from the physical model data.

[0131] Specifically, the water mass flow rate of the heating element in different states is constant. The heating element is an electronic device that serves as a heat source. Therefore, the existing water flow model building method can be used to build a water flow model, and when the state of the heating element is determined, the corresponding water mass flow rate is obtained. Figure 4 As shown, firstly, the experimental data 401 is acquired, then modeling correction is performed, and the GT Power (engine working process simulation calculation software) model 402 is input, and the mapping database 403 is obtained through DoE, and the ANN flow static model 404 is obtained through feature screening, training, and verification, and the flow dynamic model 405 is obtained through the time constant.

[0132] As an example, the waterway flow model is built as follows:

[0133] 1. Obtain key flow data in the experiment, correct parameters such as pump pressure rise, component pressure drop, and along-the-way loss, build a physical model, and make corrections based on key experimental data.

[0134] 2. Build a physical model based on the experimental data and expand the experimental data. This step can calculate the branch flow that is not measured in the experiment but is relevant to the simulation. Specifically, the physical model is built through GT Power software. Then the database is mapped through the Design of Experiment (DOE). The mapping database can be regarded as a large amount of mapping data corresponding to input and output, and a neural network model can be established.

[0135] 3. Based on the data obtained in step 2, the control quantity in the system is used as the modeling feature, and the feature is expanded according to the physical meaning, as shown in Table 1. The expansion basis can be the order relationship between the pump speed and head, temperature and radiation heat transfer, and the instantaneous energy and cumulative energy entering the system.

[0136] Control volume Extended Features Pump speed Speed ​​2, Speed ​​3, temperature Water temperature 2, water temperature 3, water temperature 4 Valve opening Opening, opening 3 Engine speed, torque Engine speed*torque, ∫ speed*torque gauge

[0137] Feature screening is performed based on the extended features, and the screening method is based on the pan-neural network GRNN with joint probability distribution.

[0138] The screening process is as follows:

[0139] 4.1 Put all the features to be selected into the selected set, and the selected set is an empty set at this time;

[0140] 4.2 Use the features in the candidate set to approximate the output value through GRNN, traverse the features in the candidate set, and select the feature with the minimum mean squared error (MSE) to enter the selected set;

[0141] 4.3 Then enter the iterative process, at this time the fitting target is changed to the remaining information after the output value of the feature fitting in the selected set, and the feature with the smallest MSE is selected to enter the selected set;

[0142] 4.4 Iterate in sequence until all the features in the set to be selected are traversed.

[0143] GRNN is based on probability and can better reflect the one-to-one correspondence between the control quantity as the model input and the state quantity as the model output.

[0144] 5. According to the feature order given by the screening results, the first four features that reduce the GRNN fitting MSE to 0 are selected, which can ensure accuracy and avoid feature redundancy.

[0145] 6. Randomly divide the data obtained in step 2 into training sets and test sets, establish a neural network model based on the screening features, use the K test to obtain the accuracy comparison of the model, and select the best traffic model based on the comprehensive training accuracy and test accuracy, that is, Figure 4 Static model of traffic.

[0146] 7. Build a steady-state heat exchange model of the heat exchange components in the system, for example, using the steady-state heat exchange model of this application, or various steady-state heat exchange models in the prior art, and the heat absorbed under steady-state conditions causes its temperature to change

[0147]

[0148] The heat source is the heat exchange between the heating element and the water flow, so there are:

[0149] Q 吸 =α·dA·(T B -T w )=α·L c ·dx·(T B -T w )(16)

[0150] Among them Q 吸 is the absorbed heat, C p is the specific heat of cooling water at constant pressure, is the cooling water flow rate, T w is the water temperature, T B is the temperature of the heating element, L C is the characteristic length of the heat exchange component, indicating the heat exchange area per unit length, α is the heat transfer coefficient, dA is the differential of the heat exchange area, and dx is the differential of the heat exchange length. Formula (15) and formula (16) are combined and integrated over the length from the inlet to the outlet of the heat exchange component to obtain

[0151]

[0152] Among them, T w,out is the outlet water temperature, T w,in is the inlet water temperature, and A is the heat exchange area.

[0153] Since the thermal mass of the heat exchange component is relatively large relative to the heat transfer amount within a unit step, it can be considered that the temperature of the heat exchange component remains unchanged within a unit step.

[0154] 8. Fit the heat transfer coefficient according to the mass flow rate to ensure that the heat transfer coefficient in the pipeline is within a reasonable range and the trend is correct.

[0155] 9. Calculate the heat transfer heat Q per unit time step 吸 ,The temperature change of the heat exchange component within the step is calculated by formula (21), and the temperature of the heat exchange element is updated when calculating the next step.

[0156] 10. Identify the characteristic length of the heat exchange element through experimental data, compensate for the lack of flow accuracy, calibrate the flow model, and obtain the following Figure 4 The flow dynamic model shown is a model obtained by adding filtering to the static model of the neural network. According to the flow dynamic model, the water mass flow of cooling water of the heating element, that is, the electronic device, under different conditions can be determined.

[0157] After determining the water mass flow rate, the water heat transfer coefficient can be fitted according to the water mass flow rate or the Reynolds number can be calculated according to the dimensionless method, and then the water heat transfer coefficient can be determined according to the relationship between the Prandtl number and the Nusselt number.

[0158] According to the water mass flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient can be fitted by a quadratic polynomial, and the formula is as follows:

[0159]

[0160] Among them, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, C 1w , C 2w , C 3w is the fitting coefficient, which needs to be fitted according to the experimental value.

[0161] The dimensionless method involves two flow regimes, laminar and turbulent, which are distinguished by the Reynolds number, which is calculated as:

[0162]

[0163] Nusselt number calculation formula:

[0164]

[0165] In the formula Re w is the Reynolds number of water, Nu w is the Nusselt number of water, V w is the water flow rate, L w is the water heat exchange length, v w is the dynamic viscosity of water, λ w is the water heat transfer coefficient. Then the water heat transfer coefficient can be obtained as:

[0166]

[0167] In the formula, Pr a is the Prandtl number of water, f(Re w ,Pr w ) is an empirical function.

[0168] like Figure 5 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the calculation effect of an example of the present invention, including a main circuit test water temperature curve 51 and a water temperature curve 52 predicted by the method of this embodiment. The horizontal axis is time, unit: s, and the vertical axis is temperature, unit: °C. From the effect, it can be seen that the method of this embodiment can make stable predictions for a long time. After randomly selecting 50 vehicles and 300 trips for verification, this modeling method has an average error of less than 3 °C in steady state. Figure 5 The average error shown is 2.46°C.

[0169] This embodiment corrects the measured temperature difference of the electronic device to avoid high-frequency temperature changes. At the same time, this embodiment simplifies the heat transfer model of the electronic device, infers the water temperature at the end of the water channel through the device temperature change, reduces the sensor requirements, reduces costs, and has high accuracy.

[0170] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water temperature estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0171] The water heat exchange power calculation module 601 is used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval;

[0172] The water temperature calculation module 602 is used to estimate the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0173] The present invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat generating electric power and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval, and estimates the water temperature at the end of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Therefore, the water temperature at the end of the water circuit can be determined based on the heat generating power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm to reduce costs.

[0174] In one embodiment, the calculation of the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval specifically includes:

[0175] Calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings;

[0176] Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air;

[0177] The water heat exchange power in the water path for exchanging heat with the electronic device is calculated according to the change in internal energy, the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power.

[0178] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings specifically includes:

[0179] The internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, wherein m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained between two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0180] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in the internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, the method further includes:

[0181] The measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected, and the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is obtained as follows: Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and a is the time delay coefficient.

[0182] In one embodiment, the calculation of the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0183] Calculate the air heat transfer power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0184] In one embodiment, the calculating of the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0185] The heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated as: Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, Q a is the air heat exchange power.

[0186] In one embodiment, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is the water temperature at the water channel inlet, and the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, specifically including:

[0187] The estimated water temperature at the waterway inlet is: Among them, Tin is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

[0188] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0189] like Figure 7 The figure shows a hardware structure diagram of an electronic device of the present invention, including:

[0190] at least one processor 701; and,

[0191] A memory 702 that is communicatively connected to at least one of the processors 701; wherein,

[0192] The memory 702 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors. The instructions are executed by at least one of the processors so that the at least one of the processors can execute the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0193] Figure 7 A processor 701 is taken as an example.

[0194] The electronic device may further include: an input device 703 and a display device 704 .

[0195] The processor 701, the memory 702, the input device 703 and the display device 704 may be connected via a bus or other means, and the figure takes the connection via a bus as an example.

[0196] The memory 702 is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium that can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the water temperature estimation method in the embodiment of the present application, for example, Figure 1 , Figure 2 The processor 701 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 702, that is, the water temperature estimation method in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0197] The memory 702 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application required by at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the water temperature estimation method, etc. In addition, the memory 702 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 702 may optionally include a memory remotely arranged relative to the processor 701, and these remote memories may be connected to the device for executing the water temperature estimation method via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0198] The input device 703 can receive user clicks and generate signal inputs related to user settings and function controls of the water temperature estimation method. The display device 704 can include display devices such as a display screen.

[0199] The one or more modules are stored in the memory 702 , and when executed by the one or more processors 701 , the water temperature estimation method in any of the above method embodiments is executed.

[0200] The present invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat generating electric power and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval, and estimates the water temperature at the end of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Therefore, the water temperature at the end of the water circuit can be determined based on the heat generating power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in the internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm to reduce costs.

[0201] An embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores computer instructions. When a computer executes the computer instructions, the storage medium is used to execute all steps of the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0202] In the context of the present disclosure, a storage medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus. The storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, for example, a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a compact disc read-only memory (Compact Disc ROM, CD-ROM), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device, etc.

[0203] An embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle, including the water temperature estimation device as described above, or the electronic device as described above. It is understandable that the vehicle may also include: a processor, a memory, and a computer program. The computer program is stored in the memory and is configured to be executed by the processor to implement the water temperature estimation method provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The processor and the memory are already in Figure 7 The parts described in the illustrated embodiment are not repeated here.

[0204] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A water temperature estimation method, characterized in that: include: According to the heating power of the electronic device, based on the change in the internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval, the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated; According to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, the water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

2. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval specifically includes: Calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings; Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air; The water heat exchange power in the water path for exchanging heat with the electronic device is calculated according to the change in internal energy, the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power.

3. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings specifically includes: The internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, wherein m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the constant-pressure specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained between two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

4. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before calculating the change in the internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval according to the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, the method further includes: The measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected, and the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings is obtained as follows: Among them, dT meas is the measured temperature difference of the electronic device obtained by two consecutive temperature samplings, and a is the time delay coefficient.

5. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation of the air heat exchange power according to the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes: Calculate the air heat transfer power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a is the air heat exchange power, A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, α a is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

6. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device according to the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device and the air heat exchange power specifically includes: The heat exchange power of water in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated as: Among them, Q w is the water heat exchange power, E is the heating power, dU is the internal energy change, dt is the temperature sampling interval, Q a is the air heat exchange power.

7. The water temperature estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water temperature at the end of the water channel is the water temperature at the water channel inlet. The water temperature at the end of the water channel is estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, specifically including: The estimated water temperature at the waterway inlet is: Among them, T in is the water temperature at the waterway inlet, T meas is the measured temperature of the electronic device, Q w is the water heat exchange power, α w is the water heat transfer coefficient, is the water mass flow rate, Cp w is the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w is the water heat exchange area.

8. A water temperature estimation device, characterized in that: include: A water heat exchange power calculation module, used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path for heat exchange with the electronic device based on the heat generation electric power of the electronic device and the change of the internal energy of the electronic device at the temperature sampling interval; The water temperature calculation module is used to estimate the water temperature at the end of the water channel under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as, a memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors, and the instructions are executed by at least one of the processors to enable at least one of the processors to execute the water temperature estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores computer instructions, and when a computer executes the computer instructions, it is used to execute all steps of the water temperature estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that: It includes the water temperature estimation device as claimed in claim 8, or the electronic device as claimed in claim 9.

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