Water temperature estimation method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a water temperature estimation method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the water heat exchange power in a water path in heat exchange with an electronic device according to the internal energy change of the electronic device in a temperature sampling interval; and estimating the end water temperature of the water path according to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device based on steady-state heat exchange. According to the application, the water heat exchange power in the water path in heat exchange with the electronic device is calculated according to the internal energy change of the electronic device in the temperature sampling interval based on the heat generation electric power, and the end water temperature of the water path is estimated according to the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device based on the steady-state heat exchange, so that the end water temperature of the water path can be determined according to the heat generation power of the electronic device and the measured temperature of the electronic device based on the internal energy change of the electronic device, and the water temperature sensor is replaced by an algorithm, thereby reducing the cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle-related technologies, and in particular to a water temperature estimation method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] When dissipating heat from electronic components, such as chips, temperature sensors are typically used to monitor the component temperature and measure it. Additionally, when electronic components come into contact with water, heat is conducted through the water within the system, achieving heat dissipation.

[0003] In order to control the temperature, it is also necessary to monitor the end water temperature in the water circuit, such as the water outlet temperature and the water inlet temperature. Existing technology uses water temperature sensors to monitor the water temperature in the water circuit.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies for monitoring the heat dissipation water circuit of electronic devices require both water temperature sensors to monitor the water temperature and electronic device temperature sensors to monitor the component temperature of the electronic devices, which increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the technical problem that existing technologies for monitoring the cooling water circuit of electronic devices require both water temperature sensors to monitor the water temperature and electronic device temperature sensors to monitor the component temperature of the electronic devices, which increases costs. In this regard, a water temperature estimation method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium, and vehicle should be provided.

[0006] This invention provides a water temperature estimation method, comprising:

[0007] Based on the heating power of the electronic device, and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval, the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated.

[0008] Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, the end water temperature of the water path is estimated under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval specifically includes:

[0010] The internal energy change of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0011] Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic devices and the air;

[0012] The water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated based on the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power.

[0013] Furthermore, the step of calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples specifically includes:

[0014] The change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0015] Furthermore, before calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples, the method further includes:

[0016] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to obtain the following temperature difference: Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and 'a' is the time delay coefficient.

[0017] Furthermore, the calculation of air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0018] Calculate the air heat exchange power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas Ta is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0020] The calculated heat exchange power of the water in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is as follows: Among them, Q w Let E be the water heat exchange power, E be the heating power, dU be the internal energy change, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the temperature sampling interval. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

[0021] Furthermore, the water temperature at the end of the water path is the water inlet temperature. The estimation of the water temperature at the end of the water path, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic devices, under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change over time, specifically includes:

[0022] The estimated water inlet temperature is: Among them, T in T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

[0023] This invention provides a water temperature estimation device, comprising:

[0024] The water heat exchange power calculation module is used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat output power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval.

[0025] The water temperature calculation module is used to estimate the end water temperature of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0026] This invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0027] At least one processor; and,

[0028] A memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein,

[0029] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors to enable at least one of the processors to perform the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0030] The present invention provides a storage medium that stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a computer, are used to perform all the steps of the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0031] The present invention provides a vehicle including the water temperature estimation device as described above, or the electronic device as described above.

[0032] This invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, it estimates the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time. Therefore, it can determine the end water temperature of the water path based on the heating power and measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm and reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of a water temperature estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of a water temperature estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a heat conduction model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the construction of a water flow model for an example of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the computational effect of an example of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a water temperature estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0041] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a water temperature estimation method according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:

[0042] Step S101: Based on the heating power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval, calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device.

[0043] Step S102: Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, estimate the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

[0044] Specifically, the present invention can be applied to electronic devices with processing capabilities, such as electronic control units (ECUs) or extended domain control units (XCUs) in vehicles.

[0045] Electronic devices possess heat dissipation power. Electronic devices dissipate heat through cooling water in a water system and air. Specifically, the heat dissipation power of an electronic device is:

[0046] E=(1-η)·UI(1)

[0047] Where E is the heating power, η is the operating efficiency of the electronic device, U is the voltage, and I is the current.

[0048] The electronic device executes step S101, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat dissipation power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. The temperature sampling interval is the time interval for sampling the power of the electronic device.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic of a heat conduction model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Electronic device 1 is in contact with the cooling water channel and dissipates heat through the cooling water in the cooling water channel 2. At the same time, electronic device 1 is exposed to the air and dissipates heat through the air.

[0050] Since it is a quasi-steady state, the internal temperature of the heated component of electronic device 1 can be considered uniform, and internal heat conduction can be neglected. Therefore, according to the law of conservation of energy, we have:

[0051] dU=(EQ w -Q a )·dt (2)

[0052] Where dt is the temperature sampling interval, dU is the internal energy change during the temperature sampling interval, E is the electrical power generated by the electronic device, and Q is the internal energy change during the temperature sampling interval. w The water heat exchange power is the heat transferred from the electronic devices to the cooling water in cooling water path 2 per unit time, Q. a The heat exchange power is the amount of heat transferred to the air by electronic devices per unit time. The heat exchange power is calculated by power calculation, and the internal energy change is predicted by measuring temperature changes through internal sensors of the device and the heat exchange between the electronic device and the air. Finally, the heat exchange between the electronic device and the water is obtained.

[0053] Then, step S102 is executed to estimate the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0054] Specifically, the entire heat exchange system can be considered as having a steady-state heat exchange where the temperature at each point does not change over time. Steady-state heat exchange means that the temperature distribution within the entire heat exchange system, including the electronic components acting as heat sources and the various heat transfer elements dissipating heat, remains unchanged. This means that the temperature at each point is constant or changes very little. Based on uniform flow heat exchange, the water channel wall temperature can be considered constant within a single step. Therefore, the temperature of the pipe wall within a unit step is considered uniform. Thus, based on the steady-state heat exchange within the control volume, the relationship function between the water heat exchange power and the water temperature at the end of the water channel can be determined. The end water temperature of the water channel can be estimated based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic components.

[0055] In some embodiments, the end water temperature is the water inlet temperature or the water outlet temperature.

[0056] This invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, it estimates the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time. Therefore, it can determine the end water temperature of the water path based on the heating power and measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm and reducing costs.

[0057] like Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the workflow of a water temperature estimation method according to another embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0058] Step S201: Calculate the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0059] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples specifically includes:

[0060] The change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0061] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples, the method further includes:

[0062] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to obtain the following temperature difference: Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and 'a' is the time delay coefficient.

[0063] Step S202: Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air.

[0064] In one embodiment, calculating the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0065] Calculate the air heat exchange power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas Ta is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0066] Step S203: Calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power.

[0067] In one embodiment, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0068] The calculated heat exchange power of the water in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is as follows: Among them, Q w Let E be the water heat exchange power, E be the heating power, dU be the internal energy change, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the temperature sampling interval. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

[0069] Step S204: Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, estimate the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time.

[0070] In one embodiment, the end water temperature of the water path is the inlet water temperature. The estimation of the end water temperature of the water path based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, assuming that the temperature at each point does not change over time, specifically includes:

[0071] The estimated water inlet temperature is: Among them, T in T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

[0072] Specifically, step S201 is first executed, which calculates the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0073] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples specifically includes:

[0074] The change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0075] Specifically, the change in internal energy is calculated according to formula (3):

[0076] dU=mCp·dT·dt(3)

[0077] Where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0078] This embodiment provides a formula for calculating changes in internal energy.

[0079] Due to fluctuations in temperature sensors, the difference between the measured temperature of an electronic device obtained by directly using two consecutive temperature samples will exhibit high-frequency changes in the measured temperature caused by these fluctuations.

[0080] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples, the method further includes:

[0081] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to obtain the following temperature difference: Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and 'a' is the time delay coefficient.

[0082] In this embodiment, a filter is added to the measured temperature difference to filter out high-frequency changes in the test temperature caused by fluctuations.

[0083] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, where 'a' is the time delay coefficient, which can be adjusted according to the thermal inertia of the electronic device, and 'e' is the natural constant.

[0086] Then, step S202 is executed to calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air.

[0087] In one embodiment, calculating the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0088] Calculate the air heat exchange power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas The measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0089] Specifically, the air heat exchange power is calculated using formula (5).

[0090] Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta) (5)

[0091] Among them, Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas Ta is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0092] Calculate the air heat transfer coefficient a aThe heat transfer coefficient can be fitted according to the air mass flow rate or the Reynolds number can be calculated using a dimensionless method, and then the heat transfer coefficient can be determined based on the relationship between the Prandtl number and the Nusselt number.

[0093] The heat transfer coefficient can be fitted using a quadratic polynomial based on the air mass flow rate, as shown in the following formula:

[0094]

[0095] Where, α a The air heat transfer coefficient, It is air mass flow rate, C 1a C 2a C 3a These are the fitting coefficients, which need to be fitted based on experimental values. However, since air heat exchange is usually relatively small, the accuracy can be reduced.

[0096] The dimensionless method involves two flow regimes: laminar and turbulent. These two regimes are distinguished by the Reynolds number, which is calculated using the following formula:

[0097]

[0098] Nusselt number calculation formula:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula Re a It is the Reynolds number of air, Nu a It is the Nusselt number of air, V a It is the air velocity, L a It is the air heat exchange length, v a It is the dynamic viscosity of air, λ a Let be the thermal conductivity coefficient of air. Then, the air heat transfer coefficient can be calculated as:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, Pr a Let f(Re be the Prandtl number of air). a ,Pr a ) is an empirical function.

[0103] This embodiment obtains accurate air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between electronic devices and air.

[0104] Next, step S203 is executed, and the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated based on the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power.

[0105] In one embodiment, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0106] The calculated heat exchange power of the water in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is as follows: Among them, Q w Let E be the water heat exchange power, E be the heating power, dU be the internal energy change, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the temperature sampling interval. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

[0107] Specifically, by transforming formula (2), the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is obtained as follows:

[0108] Among them, Q w Let E be the heat exchange power of the water, E be the heating power, and E be the heating power of the electronic device calculated using formula (1). Let dU be the change in internal energy, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the heating power of the electronic device. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

[0109] In this embodiment, the internal energy change and air heat exchange power are subtracted from the heating power to obtain the accurate water heat exchange power.

[0110] Finally, step S204 is executed to estimate the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0111] In one embodiment, the end water temperature of the water path is the inlet water temperature. The estimation of the end water temperature of the water path based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, assuming that the temperature at each point does not change over time, specifically includes:

[0112] The estimated water inlet temperature is: Among them, T in T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

[0113] Specifically, based on uniform flow heat transfer, assuming the wall temperature in the water path remains constant within a single step, then we have:

[0114]

[0115] in, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, T out T represents the water temperature at the water outlet. in This refers to the water temperature at the water inlet.

[0116] Assuming the temperature of the tube wall is uniform within a unit step length, the steady-state heat transfer within the control volume is as follows:

[0117]

[0118] Where, α w The heat transfer coefficient of water, R is the water mass flow rate, R is the heat transfer area per unit length, and Cp is the heat transfer area per unit length. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, T0 is the water temperature at position 0, generally with the inlet as position 0, T L Let dT be the water temperature at position L. water Let dx be the temperature difference with the derivative of the length, and L be the pipe length. Since the water temperature T0 at position 0 is actually the same as the water inlet temperature T... in T L This is actually the water outlet temperature T. out Therefore, the integral of the heat transfer formula is:

[0119]

[0120] Where, α w It is the heat transfer coefficient of water, which can be obtained in the same way as the heat transfer coefficient of air. A w For water heat exchange area, R is the water mass flow rate, R is the heat transfer area per unit length, and Cp is the heat transfer area per unit length. w The specific heat of water at constant pressure. Therefore, substituting formula (11) into formula (13), we can obtain...

[0121]

[0122] Where T in T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

[0123] This embodiment uses water heat exchange power to infer the inlet water temperature, thereby reducing sensor requirements, lowering costs, and achieving high accuracy.

[0124] After obtaining the inlet water temperature, the outlet water temperature T can be calculated according to formula (13). out .

[0125] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0126] Acquire multiple experimental data, including the measured value of the water inlet temperature;

[0127] Estimate the heat exchange area A of a water source w The initial value is based on steady-state heat transfer. The water inlet temperature is estimated according to the water heat transfer power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. Specifically, the water inlet temperature is calculated according to formula (14).

[0128] Adjust the water heat exchange area until the estimated water inlet temperature matches the experimental water inlet temperature.

[0129] In some embodiments, a water flow model is built using a neural network model to obtain the water mass flow rate.

[0130] The neural network model is established by obtaining physical model data from experimental data, and then expanding from the physical model data.

[0131] Specifically, the water mass flow rate is constant under different states of the heating element. The heating element is an electronic device that serves as a heat source; therefore, existing water flow rate modeling methods can be used to construct a water flow rate model, and the corresponding water mass flow rate can be obtained when the state of the heating element is determined. For example... Figure 4 As shown, experimental data 401 is first obtained, then modeling and correction are performed, and the data is input into the GT Power (engine working process simulation calculation software) model 402. The mapping database 403 is obtained through DoE. After feature selection, training and verification, the ANN flow static model 404 is obtained, and the flow dynamic model 405 is obtained through the time constant.

[0132] As an example, the water flow model is constructed as follows:

[0133] 1. Obtain key flow data in the experiment, correct parameters such as pump pressure rise, component pressure drop, and friction loss, build a physical model, and correct it based on key experimental data.

[0134] 2. A physical model is built based on the experimental data, expanding upon the data. This step involves calculating branch flows that are not measured in the experiment but are relevant to the simulation. Specifically, the physical model is built using GT Power software. Then, a mapping database is created using the Design of Experiment (DOE). This mapping database can be viewed as a large amount of input-output mapping data, which can be used to build a neural network model.

[0135] 3. Based on the data obtained in step 2, the control variables in the system are used as modeling features, and the features are expanded according to their physical meaning, as shown in Table 1. The expansion can be based on the order relationship between pump speed and head, temperature and radiative heat transfer, as well as the instantaneous energy and cumulative energy entering the system.

[0136] Control quantity Extended features water pump speed Rotation speed 2, Rotation speed 3, temperature Water temperature 2, water temperature 3, water temperature 4 Valve opening Opening, opening 3 Engine speed, torque Engine speed * torque, ∫ engine speed * torque gauge

[0137] Feature filtering is performed based on extended features, and the filtering method is based on the generalized neural network GRNN with joint probability distribution.

[0138] The screening process is as follows:

[0139] 4.1 Place all candidate features into the candidate set, at which point the selected set is empty;

[0140] 4.2 Use the features in the candidate set to approximate the output value through GRNN, traverse the features in the candidate set, and select the features with the minimum mean squared error (MSE) to enter the candidate set;

[0141] 4.3 The iterative process then begins, where the fitting objective is changed to fitting the remaining information after the output value is obtained by fitting the features in the selected set, and the features with the smallest MSE are selected into the selected set.

[0142] 4.4 Iterate sequentially until all features in the candidate set have been traversed.

[0143] GRNN is based on probability, which can better reflect the one-to-one correspondence between the control variables that serve as model inputs and the state variables that serve as model outputs.

[0144] 5. Select the first 4 features that reduce the MSE of the GRNN fitting to 0 based on the feature order given by the screening results. This ensures accuracy while avoiding feature redundancy.

[0145] 6. Randomly divide the data obtained in step 2 into training and testing sets. Build a neural network model based on the selected features, use the K-test to compare the accuracy of the models, and select the optimal traffic model by combining the training and testing accuracy. Figure 4 The static model of traffic.

[0146] 7. Establish a steady-state heat transfer model for the heat exchange components in the system, such as the steady-state heat transfer model of this application or various steady-state heat transfer models in the prior art, to determine the temperature change caused by the heat absorbed under steady-state conditions.

[0147]

[0148] The heat source is the heating element and heat exchange with the water flow, therefore:

[0149] Q 吸 =α·dA·(T) B -T w )=α·L c ·dx·(T B -T w (16)

[0150] Among them, Q 吸 For the heat absorbed, C p For the constant pressure specific heat of cooling water, T represents the cooling water flow rate. w For water temperature, T B L represents the temperature of the heating element. C Let be the characteristic length of the heat exchange component, represent the heat exchange area per unit length, α be the heat transfer coefficient, dA be the differential of the heat exchange area, and dx be the differential of the heat exchange length. Equations (15) and (16) are combined and integrated over the length from the inlet to the outlet of the heat exchange component to obtain the heat transfer coefficient.

[0151]

[0152] Among them, T w,out For the outlet water temperature, T w,in Where A is the inlet water temperature and A is the heat exchange area.

[0153] Since the thermal mass of the heat exchange component is relatively large compared to the heat exchange within a unit step, the temperature of the heat exchange component can be considered constant within a unit step.

[0154] 8. Fit the heat transfer coefficient based on the mass flow rate, ensuring that the heat transfer coefficient in the pipeline is within a reasonable range and the trend is correct.

[0155] 9. Calculate the heat transfer Q per unit time step. 吸 The temperature change of the heat exchange component within the step length is calculated by formula (21), and the temperature of the heat exchange component is updated when the next step length is calculated.

[0156] 10. Identify the characteristic length of the heat exchange element using experimental data to compensate for insufficient flow accuracy, calibrate the flow model, and obtain the following results: Figure 4 The flow dynamic model shown is obtained by adding filtering to the static model of the neural network. Based on the flow dynamic model, the mass flow rate of cooling water for the heating element, i.e., the electronic device, under different conditions can be determined.

[0157] After determining the water mass flow rate, the water heat transfer coefficient can be fitted according to the water mass flow rate or the Reynolds number can be calculated using a dimensionless method. Then, the water heat transfer coefficient can be determined based on the relationship between the Prandtl number and the Nusselt number.

[0158] The heat transfer coefficient can be fitted using a quadratic polynomial based on the water mass flow rate, as shown in the following formula:

[0159]

[0160] Where, α w The heat transfer coefficient of water, It is the water mass flow rate, C 1w C 2w C 3w These are the fitting coefficients, which need to be used to fit the experimental values.

[0161] The dimensionless method involves two flow regimes: laminar and turbulent. These two regimes are distinguished by the Reynolds number, which is calculated using the following formula:

[0162]

[0163] Nusselt number calculation formula:

[0164]

[0165] In the formula Re w It is the Reynolds number of water, Nu w It is the Nusselt number of water, V w It is the water flow velocity, L w It is the water heat transfer length, v w It is the dynamic viscosity of water, λ w Let be the thermal conductivity coefficient of water. Then, the heat transfer coefficient of water can be calculated as:

[0166]

[0167] In the formula, Pr a Let f(Re be the Prandtl number of water). w ,Pr w ) is an empirical function.

[0168] like Figure 5 The diagram shown illustrates the computational effect of an example of the present invention, including the main loop test water temperature curve 51 and the water temperature curve 52 predicted using the method of this embodiment. The horizontal axis represents time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents temperature (°C). The results show that the method of this embodiment can provide stable predictions over a long period. After verification on 50 randomly selected vehicles over 300 trips, this modeling method demonstrates an average error of less than 3°C under steady-state conditions. Figure 5 The shown draw error is 2.46℃.

[0169] This embodiment corrects for the measured temperature difference of electronic devices to avoid high-frequency temperature changes. Simultaneously, this embodiment simplifies the heat transfer model of electronic devices, inferring the water temperature at the end of the water circuit from the device temperature changes, reducing sensor requirements, lowering costs, and achieving high accuracy.

[0170] Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of a water temperature estimation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0171] The water heat exchange power calculation module 601 is used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat output power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval.

[0172] The water temperature calculation module 602 is used to estimate the end water temperature of the water circuit under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device.

[0173] This invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, it estimates the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time. Therefore, it can determine the end water temperature of the water path based on the heating power and measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm and reducing costs.

[0174] In one embodiment, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval specifically includes:

[0175] The internal energy change of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings.

[0176] Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic devices and the air;

[0177] The water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated based on the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power.

[0178] In one embodiment, calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples specifically includes:

[0179] The change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

[0180] In one embodiment, before calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples, the method further includes:

[0181] The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to obtain the following temperature difference: Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and 'a' is the time delay coefficient.

[0182] In one embodiment, calculating the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes:

[0183] Calculate the air heat exchange power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas Ta is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

[0184] In one embodiment, calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power specifically includes:

[0185] The calculated heat exchange power of the water in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is as follows: Among them, Q w Let E be the water heat exchange power, E be the heating power, dU be the internal energy change, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the temperature sampling interval. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

[0186] In one embodiment, the end water temperature of the water path is the inlet water temperature. The estimation of the end water temperature of the water path based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, assuming that the temperature at each point does not change over time, specifically includes:

[0187] The estimated water inlet temperature is: Among them, Tin T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

[0188] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0189] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a hardware structure schematic of an electronic device according to the present invention, comprising:

[0190] At least one processor 701; and,

[0191] A memory 702 is communicatively connected to at least one of the processors 701; wherein,

[0192] The memory 702 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors to enable the at least one of the processors to perform the water temperature estimation method as described above.

[0193] Figure 7 Take the 701 processor as an example.

[0194] The electronic device may also include an input device 703 and a display device 704.

[0195] The processor 701, memory 702, input device 703 and display device 704 can be connected by a bus or other means. The figure shows an example of connection by a bus.

[0196] The memory 702, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the water temperature estimation method in the embodiments of this application, for example, Figure 1 , Figure 2 The method flow is shown. The processor 701 executes various functional applications and data processing by running non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 702, thereby implementing the water temperature estimation method in the above embodiment.

[0197] The memory 702 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and an application program required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the water temperature estimation method, etc. Furthermore, the memory 702 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 702 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor 701, and these remote memories may be connected via a network to the apparatus performing the water temperature estimation method. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0198] The input device 703 can receive user clicks and generate signal inputs related to user settings and function control for water temperature estimation methods. The display device 704 may include a display screen or other display equipment.

[0199] The one or more modules are stored in the memory 702, and when run by the one or more processors 701, they execute the water temperature estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0200] This invention calculates the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, it estimates the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time. Therefore, it can determine the end water temperature of the water path based on the heating power and measured temperature of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device, thereby replacing the water temperature sensor with an algorithm and reducing costs.

[0201] One embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium that stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a computer, are used to perform all the steps of the water temperature estimation method described above.

[0202] In the context of this disclosure, a storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The storage medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium can be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a ROM, random access memory (RAM), compact disc ROM (CD-ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device.

[0203] One embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle including the water temperature estimation device as described above, or the electronic device as described above. It is understood that the vehicle may also include a processor, a memory, and a computer program. The computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the water temperature estimation method provided in this disclosure embodiment. The processor and memory are already... Figure 7 The parts of the illustrated embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0204] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for estimating water temperature, characterized in that, include: Based on the heating power of the electronic device, and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval, the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated. Based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device, the end water temperature of the water path is estimated under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time. The end water temperature is either the inlet water temperature or the outlet water temperature of the water path.

2. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heating power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval specifically includes: The internal energy change of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings. Calculate the air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic devices and the air; The water heat exchange power in the water circuit that exchanges heat with the electronic device is calculated based on the change in internal energy, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power.

3. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the internal energy change of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples specifically includes: The change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval is calculated as: dU=mCp·dT·dt, where m is the mass of the electronic device, Cp is the isobaric specific heat of the electronic device, dT is the temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and dt is the temperature sampling interval.

4. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before calculating the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval based on the temperature difference obtained from two consecutive temperature samples, the method further includes: The temperature difference of the electronic device obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings is corrected to obtain the following temperature difference: Among them, dT meas The measured temperature difference of the electronic device is obtained from two consecutive temperature samplings, and 'a' is the time delay coefficient.

5. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of air heat exchange power based on the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air specifically includes: Calculate the air heat exchange power as Q a =α a A(T meas -Ta), where Q a The air heat exchange power is denoted as A, where A is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air, and α is the heat exchange area between the electronic device and the air. a It is the air heat transfer coefficient, T meas Ta is the measured temperature of the electronic device, and Ta is the air temperature.

6. The water temperature estimation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of calculating the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the internal energy change, the heating power of the electronic device, and the air heat exchange power specifically includes: The calculated heat exchange power of the water in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device is as follows: Among them, Q w Let E be the water heat exchange power, E be the heating power, dU be the internal energy change, dt be the temperature sampling interval, and Q be the temperature sampling interval. a The air heat exchange power is [value missing].

7. The water temperature estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The water temperature at the end of the water path is the water inlet temperature. The estimation of the water temperature at the end of the water path, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic devices, under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change over time, specifically includes: The estimated water inlet temperature is: Among them, T in T represents the water temperature at the water inlet. meas Q is the measured temperature of the electronic device. w Let α be the heat exchange power of the water. w The heat transfer coefficient of water, Cp is the water mass flow rate. w For the specific heat of water at constant pressure, A w The area for water heat exchange.

8. A water temperature estimation device, characterized in that, include: The water heat exchange power calculation module is used to calculate the water heat exchange power in the water path that exchanges heat with the electronic device based on the heat output power of the electronic device and the change in internal energy of the electronic device during the temperature sampling interval. The water temperature calculation module is used to estimate the end water temperature of the water path under the condition that the temperature at each point does not change with time, based on the water heat exchange power and the measured temperature of the electronic device. The end water temperature is either the water inlet temperature or the water outlet temperature of the water path.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; as well as, A memory communicatively connected to at least one of the processors; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one of the processors to enable at least one of the processors to perform the water temperature estimation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores computer instructions, which, when executed by the computer, are used to perform all the steps of the water temperature estimation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, This includes the water temperature estimation device as described in claim 8, or the electronic device as described in claim 9.

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