An experimental device and method for simulating the collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster testing technologies, and particularly relates to a collapse simulation experimental device and method for special soil engineering in cold regions. Among them, the collapse simulation experimental device for special soil engineering in cold regions includes a torsional shear collapse test bench and a slope model. The slope model is arranged on the torsional shear collapse test bench, and the torsional shear collapse test bench can drive the slope model to move along at least one direction; the slope model has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable; it solves the problem that the existing device cannot comprehensively simulate the influence of multiple actions of vibration, sliding and torsional shear on the collapse of soil engineering slopes under earthquake action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster testing technologies, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions. Background Art

[0002] In the field of geological engineering, collapse and falling rocks, as a common natural disaster, pose a serious threat to the safety of mountain roads, railways, bridges, and settlements. In order to deeply understand the mechanism of collapse and falling rocks, predict their movement trajectories and influence ranges, and then take effective prevention and control measures, scientific researchers have carried out a large amount of research work. Currently, the research methods for collapse and falling rocks mainly include four categories: theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests, and model tests. Theoretical analysis is based on mechanical principles and geological knowledge, and analyzes the phenomenon of collapse and falling rocks by establishing mathematical models. However, due to limitations in assumptions and simplified treatments, its applicability is often limited. The numerical simulation method uses computer technology and advanced algorithms to simulate the movement process of collapse and falling rocks. However, the selection and calibration of model parameters have a greater impact on the results, and the calculation cost is relatively high. Although field tests can directly observe the actual situation of collapse and falling rocks, it is difficult to carry out widely due to factors such as site conditions, safety, and cost.

[0003] In contrast, model tests, with their advantages of relatively controllable test conditions, relatively safe, and strong repeatability, have become an important means for studying collapse and falling rocks. However, the existing experimental devices for collapse and falling rocks have general structural function singleness, relatively few settable working conditions, and it is difficult to comprehensively simulate the movement characteristics of the slope under the impact in the complex environment of collapse and falling rocks. Especially under the action of an earthquake, the comprehensive influence of multiple actions such as vibration, sliding, and torsional shear, as well as the dynamic changes in the whole process of irregular falling and hitting of collapse and falling rocks on the slope and slope sliding, are difficult points that the current model test devices are difficult to truly reproduce, and it is difficult to capture and reproduce the key movement characteristics, thus seriously affecting the accuracy and reliability of the simulation test.

[0004] Therefore, in view of this, the inventor proposes an experimental device and method for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions, aiming at the problem that the existing devices cannot comprehensively simulate the influence of multiple actions such as vibration, sliding, and torsional shear on the collapse of soil engineering slopes under the action of an earthquake; the second purpose is to propose a method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An experimental device for simulating the collapse of special soils in cold regions, comprising a torsional shear collapse test bench and a slope model. The slope model is arranged on the torsional shear collapse test bench, and the torsional shear collapse test bench can drive the slope model to move in at least one direction;

[0008] The slope model has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable;

[0009] An irregular rock structure device, which is located above the slope model. The irregular rock structure device is used to drop rocks onto the slope model, and the angle of the irregular rock structure device can be adjusted;

[0010] A data acquisition system, which is used to monitor the motion characteristics and collapse deformation of the slope model in real time during the simulation process, and collect the data information generated during the test.

[0011] Further, the torsional shear collapse test bench includes a base, a mounting seat and a support seat. The mounting seat is rotatably connected to the base, and the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the support seat;

[0012] A first driving unit is arranged between the base and the mounting seat, and the first driving unit can drive the mounting seat and the support seat to rotate.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the torsional shear collapse test bench is the foundation of the entire device, which is composed of a base, a mounting seat and a support seat. The mounting seat is rotatably connected to the base, and the first driving unit drives the mounting seat and the support seat fixed thereto to rotate, so as to realize the rotation function of the entire test bench; the irregular rock structure device is located above the slope model, and its design aims to simulate the collapse process of irregular rocks in nature. The angle of this device can be adjusted to simulate rock collapses in different directions. During the test, the irregular rock structure device will drop rocks onto the slope model, and these rocks will roll down along the slope body under the action of gravity, simulating the real collapse process.

[0014] Further, the base includes a bottom plate and a central axis fixed on the bottom plate; a shaft hole is provided on the mounting seat, and the central axis extends into the shaft hole and can rotate in the shaft hole;

[0015] The first driving unit includes a collar, a first driving rod, a second driving rod, a third driving rod and a first motor; the collar is sleeved on the central axis and can rotate along the axis of the central axis, the first motor is fixed on the bottom plate, the output shaft of the first motor is connected to the first driving rod, the first driving rod is hinged to the second driving rod, the second driving rod is hinged to the third driving rod, and the third driving rod is fixedly connected to the collar.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, when the first motor is started, it drives the first driving rod to rotate. Since the first driving rod and the second driving rod are connected by a hinged manner, the rotation of the first driving rod is converted into the swing of the second driving rod. Similarly, the second driving rod and the third driving rod are also connected by a hinged manner, so the swing of the second driving rod further drives the movement of the third driving rod. Finally, the movement of the third driving rod is transmitted to the collar, causing it to rotate. Since the mounting seat is fixedly connected to the collar, the entire mounting seat and the support seat will also rotate accordingly, thus realizing the torsional cutting collapse rotation function of the torsional cutting collapse test bench, utilizing the transmission principle of the linkage mechanism to achieve the effective transmission and conversion of power.

[0017] Further, the support seat includes two side plates, a top plate and a sliding plate. The two side plates are fixed on the mounting seat, the top plate is arranged between the two side plates, and the sliding plate is arranged above the top plate; a plurality of rollers are arranged on both of the two side plates, and the rollers can drive the sliding plate to move;

[0018] The roller includes a roller and a first bevel gear coaxially connected to the roller, and the first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the side plate.

[0019] Further, a second driving unit is arranged on the support seat;

[0020] The second driving unit includes two driving shafts, a connecting shaft and a second motor. The connecting shaft is arranged between the two driving shafts and is used to connect the two driving shafts to make the two driving shafts rotate synchronously; the second motor is used to drive the two driving shafts to rotate;

[0021] A plurality of second bevel gears are coaxially connected to the driving shaft, and each of the second bevel gears meshes with the corresponding first bevel gear.

[0022] According to the above technical solution, the support seat is composed of two side plates, a top plate and a sliding plate. The side plates are fixed on the mounting seat, the top plate is arranged between the side plates, and the sliding plate is arranged above the top plate. In order to realize the movement of the sliding plate, a plurality of rollers are arranged on both side plates. The rollers are located below the sliding plate. Each roller consists of a roller and a first bevel gear coaxially connected. The first bevel gear is rotatably connected to the side plate; when the sliding plate needs to be moved, the first bevel gear can be driven to rotate by an external power source (such as a second motor); since the first bevel gear is coaxially connected to the roller, the roller will also rotate accordingly. The rotation of the roller converts the friction force between it and the sliding plate into rolling friction. Under the rolling action of the roller, the sliding plate can easily move on the top plate to simulate the shear wave (S wave) during an earthquake.

[0023] Furthermore, limiting card slots are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, engaging portions are formed on the two side plates, and the two engaging portions are engaged in the two limiting card slots;

[0024] A number of cams are provided on the drive shaft, a number of contact blocks are provided on the sliding plate, and each cam is correspondingly arranged with the corresponding contact block; when the drive shaft rotates, the sliding plate can be driven to move up and down periodically through the cams and the contact blocks.

[0025] According to the above technical solution, limiting card slots are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, and engaging portions matching the limiting card slots are formed on the top plate. When the sliding plate is placed on the top plate, the limiting card slots and the engaging portions are closely combined, ensuring the stability of the sliding plate in the horizontal direction. By providing a number of cams on the drive shaft, these cams correspond one by one with the contact blocks on the sliding plate. When the drive shaft starts to rotate, the cams will rotate accordingly and come into contact with the contact blocks. Due to the shape design of the cams, when it contacts the contact blocks, an upward thrust will be generated. As the cams continue to rotate, this thrust will gradually decrease until the cams are separated from the contact blocks. Then, under the action of gravity, the sliding plate will fall back. By continuously repeating this process, the cams on the drive shaft can drive the sliding plate to achieve periodic up and down movement, simulating the longitudinal seismic wave (P-wave) during an earthquake.

[0026] Furthermore, the irregular rock structure device includes a rock delivery component and a rock collapse component; the rock delivery component is used to deliver rocks above the rock collapse component, and the rock collapse component is arranged below the rock delivery component and is used to throw the rocks in the rock delivery component onto the slope model.

[0027] The rock collapse component includes two rock collapse units and a throwing stone slab, and the throwing stone slab is arranged between the two rock collapse units;

[0028] Each rock collapse unit includes a fixed seat, a first rotating arm and a second rotating arm. The first rotating arm is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, the first rotating arm is connected to the second rotating arm, and the throwing stone slab is arranged between the two second rotating arms;

[0029] A toothed disc, a driving gear, a first driving gear and a third motor are rotatably connected to the fixed seat. The toothed disc and the driving gear are rotatably connected to the fixed seat, the third motor is fixed on the fixed seat, and the third motor can drive the toothed disc to rotate through the driving gear; a first circular arc rack is formed on the first rotating arm, and the first driving gear is engaged with the first circular arc rack;

[0030] The toothed disc includes a toothed ring and a tooth column fixedly connected coaxially with the toothed ring. A first rack is arranged inside the toothed ring, a second rack is arranged on the outer periphery of the tooth column, and a driven gear is arranged between the tooth column and the toothed ring. When the driven gear meshes with the first rack, the driven gear does not mesh with the second rack; when the driven gear meshes with the second rack, the driven gear does not mesh with the first rack.

[0031] Further, the slope model is fixedly arranged on the slide plate;

[0032] The slope model includes a plurality of support units, the heights of the support units decrease in sequence, slope bottom plates are fixedly arranged on the support units, and two hinge plates are arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates;

[0033] The support unit includes a fixed support and a third support arm. A second driving gear is rotatably connected to the fixed support, a second arc rack is formed on the third support arm, the second arc rack meshes with the second driving gear, a turntable is coaxially connected to the second driving gear, and the turntable can drive the angle of the third support arm to rotate.

[0034] Further, the data acquisition system includes:

[0035] A high-speed camera, installed on the torsion cutting collapse test bench, for recording the experimental device frame by frame;

[0036] A wireless acceleration sensor, installed on the slope model, for acquiring the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model;

[0037] A positioning module, for acquiring the trajectory and attitude data of the rock placed by the irregular rock structure device;

[0038] A laser displacement sensor, for acquiring the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model during the test;

[0039] A computer controller, for controlling the opening and closing and data intercommunication of the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module and the laser displacement sensor; and a data memory, for storing the data of the computer controller.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0041] 1. The present invention realizes the alternating engagement of the driven gear with the first rack and the second rack by setting a rock delivery component and a rock collapse component and driving the rotation of the gear disc by a third motor, thereby driving the angle of the first swing arm to change periodically, so that the angle and speed of the rock falling from the rock slab into the slope model can be changed, and thus a complex rockfall process can be simulated. At the same time, the slope model is composed of multiple support units, and the height and angle of each support unit can be adjusted. By adjusting the height of the support unit and the angle of the hinge plate, slopes with different inclination angles can be simulated. Meanwhile, the sliding plate can slide on the top plate and achieve periodic up-and-down vibration under the action of the cam on the drive shaft, so that when the slope model simulates the earthquake action, it can be simultaneously subjected to multiple actions of sliding and torsional shear, more realistically reflecting the deformation and failure process of the slope under the earthquake action.

[0042] 2. Through data acquisition systems such as high-speed cameras, wireless acceleration sensors, positioning modules, and laser displacement sensors, data such as the vibration acceleration, rock delivery trajectory, and vertical settlement deformation of the slope model can be monitored and recorded in real time, providing strong support for analyzing the deformation and failure laws of the slope, solving the technical problem that existing devices cannot comprehensively simulate the influence of multiple actions of vibration, sliding, and torsional shear on the collapse of geotechnical slopes under earthquake action, and improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the simulation experiment.

[0043] 3. The second motor in the second driving unit drives the synchronous rotation of the two drive shafts, and then drives the rotation of the second bevel gear connected coaxially. Due to the meshing relationship between the second bevel gear and the first bevel gear, the rollers on the rotating roller can rotate accordingly. This design enables the sliding plate and the slope model to slide on the top plate, simulating the lateral vibration effect of the shear wave (S wave) of the earthquake received by the slope during the earthquake process. Secondly, in a further design, a number of cams are arranged on the drive shaft, and corresponding contact blocks are arranged on the sliding plate. When the drive shaft rotates, the cam will come into contact with the contact block and generate an upward thrust. As the cam continues to rotate, this thrust will gradually decrease until the cam separates from the contact block, and under the action of gravity, the sliding plate will fall back. By continuously repeating this process, the cams on the drive shaft can drive the sliding plate to achieve periodic up-and-down vibration, thereby simulating the longitudinal vibration effect of the primary wave (P wave) of the earthquake received by the slope during the earthquake process.

[0044] In summary, this design of the second driving unit not only improves the authenticity and accuracy of the earthquake simulation process, but also enables the entire device to simultaneously simulate the shear wave and the primary wave of the earthquake, providing a more comprehensive and accurate test environment for earthquake simulation experiments. This design has broad application prospects and important practical value in the fields of earthquake research, engineering seismic design, etc.

[0045] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present application will, to some extent, be elaborated in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following, or can be learned from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific implementation manners. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device and method for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention in one direction;

[0048] Figure 3 FIG. is an exploded structure diagram of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention in one direction;

[0049] Figure 4 FIG. is an exploded structure diagram of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention in another direction;

[0050] Figure 5 FIG. is a sectional view schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 FIG. is a schematic diagram of part A of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention Figure 5 in the experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rockfall component in an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rockfall component and the slope model in an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 FIG. is a schematic diagram of part B Figure 8 in the experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention;

[0055] Figure 10 FIG. is a schematic diagram of part of an experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention Figure 7 in the experimental device for simulating collapses of special soil engineering in cold regions according to the present invention.

[0056] Among them, the torsional shear collapse test bench 1, base 11, bottom plate 111, central axis 112, mounting seat 12, shaft hole 121, support seat 13, side plate 131, clamping part 1311, top plate 132, sliding plate 133, limit card slot 1331, rotating roller 134, roller 1341, first bevel gear 1342, first driving unit 14, collar 141, first driving rod 142, second driving rod 143, third driving rod 144, first motor 145, second driving unit 15, driving shaft 151, second bevel gear 1511, cam 1512, contact block 1513, connecting shaft 152, second motor 153, slope model 2, support unit 21, slope bottom plate 211, hinge plate 212, fixed support 213, third support arm 214, second driving gear 215, second arc rack 216, turntable 217, irregular rock structure device 3, rock delivery assembly 31, rock collapse assembly 32, rock collapse unit 321, fixed seat 3211, first rotating arm 3212, second rotating arm 3213, tooth disc 3214, driving gear 3215, first driving gear 3216, third motor 3217, first arc rack 3218, tooth ring 3219, tooth column 3220, first rack 3221, second rack 3222, driven gear 3223, rock throwing slab 322. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] The following will illustrate the implementation manners of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through different specific implementation manners. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex.

[0059] This embodiment proposes a collapse simulation experimental device for special soil engineering in cold regions, as Figures 1 to 10 shown, including a torsional shear collapse test bench 1 and a slope model 2. The slope model 2 is arranged on the torsional shear collapse test bench 1, and the torsional shear collapse test bench 1 can drive the slope model 2 to move along at least one direction; the slope model 2 has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the inclination angle of the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable;

[0060] The irregular rock structure device 3 is located at the upper left position of the slope model 2. The irregular rock structure device 3 is used to drop rocks onto the slope model 2, and the angle of the irregular rock structure device 3 can be adjusted.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, the torsional shear collapse test bench 1 includes a base 11, a mounting seat 12 and a support seat 13. The mounting seat 12 is rotatably connected to the base 11, and the mounting seat 12 is fixedly connected to the support seat 13; a first driving unit 14 is arranged between the base 11 and the mounting seat 12, and the first driving unit 14 can drive the mounting seat 12 and the support seat 13 to rotate reciprocally.

[0062] According to the above technical solution, the torsional shear collapse test bench 1 is the foundation of the whole device, which is composed of a base 11, a mounting seat 12 and a support seat 13. The mounting seat 12 is rotatably connected to the base 11. The first driving unit 14 drives the mounting seat 12 and the support seat 13 fixed thereto to rotate, so as to realize the reciprocating rotation function of the whole test bench. When the slope model 2 is arranged on the support seat 13, the test slope model 2 undergoes a collapse and sliding test of sliding away from the slope body under the action of tangential torsional shear collapse, which is beneficial to analyzing and simulating the law of the slope under torsional shear collapse and sliding; the irregular rock structure device 3 is located at the upper left position of the slope model 2, and its design aims to simulate the collapse process of irregular rocks in nature. The angle of this device can be adjusted to simulate rock collapses in different directions. During the test, the irregular rock structure device 3 will drop rocks onto the slope model 2, and these rocks act on the slope body of the slope model 2 and roll down under the action of gravity, simulating the real collapse process.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the base 11 includes a bottom plate 111 and a central shaft 112 fixed on the bottom plate 111; a shaft hole 121 is provided on the mounting seat 12, and the central shaft 112 extends into the central shaft 112 and can rotate within the shaft hole 121; the first driving unit 14 includes a collar 141, a first driving rod 142, a second driving rod 143, a third driving rod 144, and a first motor 145; the collar 141 is sleeved on the central shaft 112 and can rotate along the central axis of the central shaft 112, the first motor 145 is fixed on the bottom plate 111, the output shaft of the first motor 145 is connected to the first driving rod 142, the first driving rod 142 is hinged to the second driving rod 143, the second driving rod 143 is hinged to the third driving rod 144, and the third driving rod 144 is fixedly connected to the collar 141. When the first motor 145 is started, it drives the first driving rod 142 to rotate. Since the first driving rod 142 and the second driving rod 143 are connected by a hinged manner, the rotation of the first driving rod 142 will be converted into the swing of the second driving rod 143. Similarly, the second driving rod 143 and the third driving rod 144 are also connected by a hinged manner, so the swing of the second driving rod 143 will further drive the movement of the third driving rod 144; finally, the movement of the third driving rod 144 will be transmitted to the collar 141, causing it to rotate and swing. Since the mounting seat 12 is fixedly connected to the collar 141 and the transmission principle of the linkage mechanism is utilized, the entire mounting seat 12 and the support seat 13 will also reciprocally rotate and swing, simulating the slope collapse and sliding test under tangential torsion and / or inertial action, and simulating and analyzing the multi-directional relative torsional shear sliding collapse law between the soil and rock layer of the slope and the slope base layer or bottom layer in the natural environment.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the support seat 13 includes two side plates 131, a top plate 132, and a sliding plate 133. The two side plates 131 are fixed on the mounting seat 12, the top plate 132 is arranged between the two side plates 131, and the sliding plate 133 is arranged above the top plate 132; a plurality of rollers 134 are arranged on both side plates 131, and the rollers 134 can drive the sliding plate 133 to move;

[0065] Specifically, the roller 134 includes a roller 1341 and a first bevel gear 1342 coaxially connected to the roller 1341. The first bevel gear 1342 is rotatably connected to the side plate 131; the roller 1341 is located below the sliding plate 133, and when the roller 1341 rotates, it can drive the sliding plate 133 to move.

[0066] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, a second driving unit 15 is provided on the support base 13; the second driving unit 15 includes two driving shafts 151, a connecting shaft 152 and a second motor 153. The two driving shafts 151 are respectively rotatably connected to the side plates 131. The connecting shaft 152 is arranged between the two driving shafts 151 and is used to connect the two driving shafts 151 to make the two driving shafts 151 rotate synchronously. The second motor 153 drives one of the driving shafts 151 to rotate in the form of a chain and a sprocket. One of the driving shafts 151 realizes the synchronous rotation of the two driving shafts 151 through the connecting shaft 152;

[0067] A plurality of second bevel gears 1511 are coaxially connected to the driving shaft 151, and each second bevel gear 1511 meshes with a corresponding first bevel gear 1342.

[0068] According to the above technical solution, the support base 13 serves as the foundation of the entire device and is composed of two side plates 131, a top plate 132 and a sliding plate 133, forming a stable structure. The two side plates 131 are firmly fixed on the mounting base 12. The top plate 132 spans between the two side plates 131, providing a smooth sliding plane for the sliding plate 133. The sliding plate 133 is arranged above the top plate 132 and is used to simulate the process of ground slip during an earthquake. In order to realize the sliding of the sliding plate 133, each roller 134 is composed of a roller 1341 and a coaxially connected first bevel gear 1342. The first bevel gear 1342 is rotatably connected to the side plate 131, and the roller 1341 is located below the sliding plate 133. This design enables the roller 1341 to rotate when the first bevel gear 1342 rotates under the driving force. To provide this driving force, a second driving unit 15 is provided on the support base 13. The two driving shafts 151 are respectively rotatably connected to the two side plates 131, and the connecting shaft 152 is arranged between the two driving shafts 151 to ensure that the two driving shafts 151 can rotate synchronously. The second motor 153 serves as the power source and drives the two driving shafts 151 to rotate, thereby driving the coaxially connected second bevel gears 1511 to rotate. Since the second bevel gears 1511 mesh with the first bevel gears 1342, when the second bevel gears 1511 rotate, they will drive the first bevel gears 1342 to rotate, thereby driving the rollers 1341 to rotate, and the sliding plate 133 can move on the top plate 132 to simulate the shear wave (S wave) of the earthquake received during the slope slip during an earthquake.

[0069] Furthermore, as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, limiting card slots 1331 are provided on both sides of the skateboard 133, engaging portions 1311 are formed on the two side plates 131, and the two engaging portions 1311 are engaged in the two limiting card slots 1331. When the two engaging portions 1311 are engaged in the two limiting card slots 1331, the skateboard 133 can slide above the top plate 132 and can vibrate up and down within a certain range; specifically, a number of cams 1512 are provided on the drive shaft 151, and a number of contact blocks 1513 are provided on the skateboard 133, and each cam 1512 is correspondingly arranged with the corresponding contact block 1513. When the drive shaft 151 starts to rotate, the cam 1512 will rotate accordingly and come into contact with the contact block 1513. Due to the convex design of the cam 1512, when it periodically contacts the contact block 1513, an upward thrust will be generated. As the cam 1512 continues to rotate, this thrust will gradually decrease until the cam 1512 separates from the contact block 1513. Then, under the action of gravity, the skateboard 133 will fall back. By continuously repeating this process, the cam 1512 on the drive shaft 151 can drive the skateboard 133 to achieve periodic up and down vibration, and can vibrate up and down while sliding, simulating the longitudinal seismic wave (P wave) received by the slope during an earthquake.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the irregular rock structure device 3 includes a rock delivery assembly 31 and a rock collapse assembly 32; the rock delivery assembly 31 is used to deliver rocks above the rock collapse assembly 32. The rock delivery assembly 31 can adopt a telescopic conveyor belt. The rock collapse assembly 32 is arranged below the rock delivery assembly 31 and is used to throw the rocks in the rock delivery assembly 31 onto the slope model 2.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, the rock collapse assembly 32 includes two rock collapse units 321 and a rock throwing plate 322. The rock throwing plate 322 is arranged between the two rock collapse units 321. The rock throwing plate 322 can be fixed between the two rock collapse units 321 or can be arranged between the two rock collapse units 321 in an adjustable form; the rock throwing plate 322 in this embodiment adopts a rectangular structure. Of course, it can be understood that the rock throwing plate 322 can also adopt other shapes or structures and can be reasonably selected according to the scene where rocks need to be thrown.

[0072] As Figure 7As shown, the rockfall unit 321 includes a fixed seat 3211, a first rotating arm 3212, and a second rotating arm 3213. The first rotating arm 3212 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211. The first rotating arm 3212 is connected to the second rotating arm 3213. The connection between the first rotating arm 3212 and the second rotating arm 3213 can be a fixed connection or a form of adjustable angle for fixation. If the form of adjustable angle is used for fixation, the angle of the stone-throwing plate 322 can be adjusted within a certain range, which can meet different simulation test requirements and has a wider application range.

[0073] A gear disk 3214, a driving gear 3215, a first driving gear 3216, and a third motor 3217 are rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211. The gear disk 3214 and the driving gear 3215 are rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211. The third motor 3217 is fixed to the fixed seat 3211. The third motor 3217 can drive the gear disk 3214 to rotate through the driving gear 3215. A first arc rack 3218 is formed on the first rotating arm 3212. The first driving gear 3216 meshes with the first arc rack 3218.

[0074] The gear disk 3214 includes a gear ring 3219 and a gear column 3220 fixedly connected coaxially with the gear ring 3219. A first rack 3221 is arranged inside the gear ring 3219. A second rack 3222 is arranged on the outer periphery of the gear column 3220. A driven gear 3223 is arranged between the gear column 3220 and the gear ring 3219. The driven gear 3223 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 3211. The driven gear 3223 is coaxially connected with the first driving gear 3216. When the driven gear 3223 meshes with the first rack 3221, the driven gear 3223 does not mesh with the second rack 3222. When the driven gear 3223 meshes with the second rack 3222, the driven gear 3223 does not mesh with the first rack 3221.

[0075] According to the above technical solution, when the rockfall unit 321 rotates, the stone-throwing plate 322 will also move accordingly. The third motor 3217 drives the gear disk 3214 to rotate through the driving gear 3215. As Figure 10As shown, when the gear ring 3219 rotates clockwise, the driven gear 3223 meshes with the first rack 3221 at this time, and the driven gear 3223 does not mesh with the second rack 3222, driving the driven gear 3223 to rotate clockwise. The driven gear 3223 drives the first driving gear 3216 to rotate clockwise. Since the first driving gear 3216 meshes with the first arc rack 3218, it drives the angle of the first swing arm 3212 to change in a positive inclination, thereby driving the position and angle of the rock-throwing plate 322 to change; when the gear disk 3214 continues to rotate, the first rack 3221 no longer meshes with the driven gear 3223. At this time, the second rack 3222 meshes with the driven gear 3223. At this time, the driven gear 3223 rotates counterclockwise, and the driven gear 3223 drives the first driving gear 3216 to rotate counterclockwise, driving the angle of the first swing arm 3212 to change in a reverse inclination, thereby causing the inclination angle of the first swing arm 3212 to change periodically. When the rock dropped by the rock delivery assembly 31 falls onto the rock-throwing plate 322, the rock falling from the rock-throwing plate 322 onto the slope model 2 also changes, simulating the process of rocks impacting the slope at different angles and being able to simulate a complex rockfall process.

[0076] The slope model 2 is fixedly arranged on the slide plate 133; the slope model 2 includes a number of support units 21, such as Figure 8As shown, the heights of the respective support units 21 decrease successively from left to right. A slope bottom plate 211 is fixedly arranged on each support unit 21, and two hinge plates 212 are arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates 211; the support unit 21 includes a fixed support 213 and a third support arm 214, and the slope bottom plate 211 is fixed on the third support arm 214. A second driving gear 215 is rotatably connected to the fixed support 213, and a second circular arc rack 216 is formed on the third support arm 214. The second circular arc rack 216 meshes with the second driving gear 215. A turntable 217 is coaxially connected to the second driving gear 215, and the turntable 217 can drive the angle of the third support arm 214 to rotate. By successively reducing the heights of the support units 21, the inclination angle of a real mountain slope is simulated. A slope bottom plate 211 is fixedly arranged on each support unit 21, and these slope bottom plates 211 are connected to each other and are connected by two hinge plates 212; of course, baffles (not shown) can also be arranged on both sides of the slope bottom plate 211 and the hinge plates 212. Cold region soil or sand and gravel are placed on the slope bottom plate 211 and the hinge plates 212 to form a slope body. Two hinge plates 212 are arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates 211, and forms such as screws and nuts can also be installed between the two hinge plates 212 to adjust the angle between the two hinge plates 212, so as to facilitate setting a slope model 2 with different inclination angles according to simulation requirements. A second circular arc rack 216 is formed on the third support arm 214. The second circular arc rack 216 meshes with the second driving gear 215. When the second driving gear 215 rotates, it drives the second circular arc rack 216 to rotate, thereby driving the third support arm 214 to rotate at an angle; in order to more precisely control the rotation of the third support arm 214, a turntable 217 is coaxially connected to the driving gear. This turntable 217 can be manually rotated. After rotating to a suitable angle, the turntable 217 is limited and fixed. At the same time, in order to improve the stability of the overall structure, other components are used to limit and fix each support unit 21. The support unit 21 adopts an adjustable form so that the slope model 2 can be adjusted in inclination, facilitating simulating an earthquake and truly reflecting the deformation and failure process of the slope.

[0077] Certainly, in a possible implementation manner, the support unit 21 can also be in a non-adjustable form. The support unit 21 includes a fixed support 213 and a third support arm 214. The fixed support 213 and the third support arm 214 are fixedly connected to each other, and the slope bottom plate 211 is fixedly arranged at the top of the third support arm 214.

[0078] As a preferred implementation manner, the data acquisition system of the present application includes;

[0079] A high-speed camera, installed on the torsional cutting collapse test bench 1, for recording each frame of the experimental device;

[0080] A wireless acceleration sensor is installed on the slope model 2 to obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2;

[0081] A positioning module is used to obtain the trajectory and attitude data of the rock dropped by the irregular rock structure device 3;

[0082] A laser displacement sensor is used to obtain the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model 2 during the experiment;

[0083] A computer controller, a high-speed camera, a wireless acceleration sensor, a positioning module, and a laser displacement sensor are all connected to the computer controller. The computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, wireless acceleration sensor, positioning module, and laser displacement sensor, as well as data intercommunication; it also includes a data storage device for storing the data of the computer controller.

[0084] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for simulating the collapse of cold-region special soil engineering, which includes using the cold-region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device as described above. The collapse simulation experimental method includes the following steps:

[0085] S1: System setup: Set up the cold-region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to the design requirements, and install and initialize the data acquisition system; gradually set up the cold-region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device to ensure that each component is installed in the predetermined position and manner. During the installation process, accurately install and debug components such as the collapse test bench, slope model 2, and irregular rock structure device 3; fix the high-speed camera in a suitable position, adjust the lens focal length and exposure parameters to ensure that the motion state of the experimental device can be clearly recorded. The wireless acceleration sensor needs to be accurately installed on the slope model 2 to accurately obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model 2. The positioning module and the laser displacement sensor also need to be installed and calibrated according to the requirements to ensure that the trajectory and attitude data of the rock dropped by the irregular rock structure device 3, as well as the settlement deformation of the slope model 2, can be accurately recorded. When initializing the data acquisition system, it is necessary to ensure that the communication between all sensors and the computer controller is unobstructed, and the data can be transmitted and stored in real time. At the same time, appropriate sampling frequencies and data recording formats also need to be set to meet the requirements of subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0086] S2: According to the experimental requirements, set parameters such as the rotation angle and frequency of the torsional cutting collapse test bench 1, and calibrate the angle of the irregular rock structure device 3 to ensure that rock collapses in different directions can be simulated;

[0087] S3: Monitoring of the experimental process and data recording: Start the experimental device and begin to simulate the collapse process. Record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame using a high-speed camera, obtain the vibration acceleration signals of the slope model 2 with a wireless acceleration sensor, record the trajectory and attitude data of the rocks dropped by the irregular rock structure device 3 with a positioning module, and measure the settlement deformation of the slope model 2 with a laser displacement sensor. Start the device and begin to simulate the collapse process. During the experiment, according to the motion state of the experimental device and the deformation of the slope model 2, record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame using a high-speed camera, and the collapse moment when the rock impacts the slope and the deformation process of the slope model 2 can be captured, providing important visual information for subsequent data processing and analysis. At the same time, the wireless acceleration sensor will obtain the vibration acceleration signals of the slope model 2 in real time, and these signals can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the slope model 2 during the collapse process. The positioning module will record the trajectory and attitude data of the rocks dropped by the irregular rock structure device 3, and these data can be used to analyze parameters such as the path and speed of the rock collapse. The laser displacement sensor will measure the settlement deformation of the slope model 2, and these deformation data can reflect the stability changes of the slope model 2 during the collapse process.

[0088] S4: Data processing and analysis: After the experiment, export the experimental data from the data storage, and use software to process and analyze the data. These data include the video images taken by the high-speed camera, the vibration acceleration signals obtained by the wireless acceleration sensor, the rock trajectory and attitude data recorded by the positioning module, and the settlement deformation data measured by the laser displacement sensor, etc. Use data processing software to process and analyze these data. First, it is necessary to analyze the video images frame by frame to extract key motion parameters and deformation features. Then, perform spectral analysis and time-domain analysis on the vibration acceleration signals to obtain the vibration characteristics and dynamic parameters of the slope model 2. Next, perform statistical analysis on the rock trajectory and attitude data to reveal laws such as the path and speed of the rock collapse; finally, perform spatial analysis and time analysis on the settlement deformation data to evaluate the stability and deformation trend of the slope model 2.

[0089] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments given to fully illustrate the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental device for collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions, characterized in that: include: A torsional shear collapse test bench (1) and a slope model (2), wherein the slope model (2) is arranged on the torsional shear collapse test bench (1), and the torsional shear collapse test bench (1) can drive the slope model (2) to move in at least one direction; The slope model (2) has a slope body extending obliquely downward, and the inclination angle of the slope body is adjustable or non-adjustable; An irregular rock construction device (3), the irregular rock construction device (3) being located above the slope model (2), the irregular rock construction device (3) being used to drop rocks onto the slope model (2), and the angle of the irregular rock construction device (3) being adjustable; A data acquisition system, used to monitor in real time the movement characteristics and collapse deformation of the slope model (2) during the simulation process, and to collect data information generated during the test process; The torsional shear collapse test bench (1) comprises a base (11), a mounting seat (12) and a support seat (13); the mounting seat (12) is rotatably connected to the base (11), and the mounting seat (12) is fixedly connected to the support seat (13); A first driving unit (14) is provided between the base (11) and the mounting seat (12), and the first driving unit (14) can drive the mounting seat (12) and the support seat (13) to rotate; The support seat (13) comprises two side plates (131), a top plate (132) and a slide plate (133); the two side plates (131) are fixed on the mounting seat (12); the top plate (132) is arranged between the two side plates (131); and the slide plate (133) is arranged above the top plate (132); a plurality of rollers (134) are arranged on the two side plates (131); the rollers (134) can drive the slide plate (133) to move; The rotating roller (134) comprises a roller (1341) and a first bevel gear (1342) coaxially connected to the roller (1341), and the first bevel gear (1342) is rotatably connected to the side plate (131); A second driving unit (15) is provided on the support seat (13); The second driving unit (15) comprises two driving shafts (151), a connecting shaft (152) and a second motor (153); the connecting shaft (152) is arranged between the two driving shafts (151) and is used to connect the two driving shafts (151) so that the two driving shafts (151) rotate synchronously; the second motor (153) is used to drive the two driving shafts (151) to rotate; A plurality of second bevel gears (1511) are coaxially connected to the driving shaft (151), and each of the second bevel gears (1511) is meshed with a corresponding first bevel gear (1342); Limiting slots (1331) are provided on both sides of the slide plate (133), and clamping portions (1311) are formed on the two side plates (131), and the two clamping portions (1311) are clamped in the two limiting slots (1331); A plurality of cams (1512) are arranged on the driving shaft (151), and a plurality of contact blocks (1513) are arranged on the sliding plate (133), and each cam (1512) is arranged correspondingly to a corresponding contact block (1513); when the driving shaft (151) rotates, the sliding plate (133) can be driven to move up and down periodically by the cams (1512) and the contact blocks (1513).

2. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The base (11) comprises a bottom plate (111) and a central axis (112) fixed on the bottom plate (111); an axis hole (121) is provided on the mounting seat (12); the central axis (112) extends into the axis hole (121) and can rotate in the axis hole (121); The first drive unit (14) comprises a collar (141), a first drive rod (142), a second drive rod (143), a third drive rod (144) and a first motor (145); the collar (141) is sleeved on the central axis (112) and can rotate along the axis of the central axis (112); the first motor (145) is fixed on the bottom plate (111); the output shaft of the first motor (145) is connected to the first drive rod (142); the first drive rod (142) is hinged to the second drive rod (143); the second drive rod (143) is hinged to the third drive rod (144); and the third drive rod (144) is fixed to the collar (141).

3. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The irregular rock construction device (3) comprises a rock delivery assembly (31) and a rock collapse assembly (32); the rock delivery assembly (31) is used to transport rocks to the top of the rock collapse assembly (32); the rock collapse assembly (32) is arranged below the rock delivery assembly (31) and is used to drop rocks in the rock delivery assembly (31) onto the slope model (2); The rock collapse assembly (32) comprises two rock collapse units (321) and a slingshot plate (322), wherein the slingshot plate (322) is arranged between the two rock collapse units (321); The rock collapse unit (321) comprises a fixed seat (3211), a first rotating arm (3212) and a second rotating arm (3213); the first rotating arm (3212) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (3211); the first rotating arm (3212) is connected to the second rotating arm (3213); and the slingshot (322) is arranged between the two second rotating arms (3213); The fixed seat (3211) is rotatably connected with a toothed disc (3214), a driving gear (3215), a first driving gear (3216) and a third motor (3217); the toothed disc (3214) and the driving gear (3215) are rotatably connected to the fixed seat (3211); the third motor (3217) is fixed to the fixed seat (3211); the third motor (3217) can drive the toothed disc (3214) to rotate via the driving gear (3215); a first circular arc rack (3218) is formed on the first rotating arm (3212); the first driving gear (3216) is meshed with the first circular arc rack (3218); The toothed disc (3214) comprises a toothed ring (3219) and a toothed column (3220) coaxially fixedly connected to the toothed ring (3219); a first rack (3221) is arranged inside the toothed ring (3219); a second rack (3222) is arranged on the periphery of the toothed column (3220); a driven gear (3223) is arranged between the toothed column (3220) and the toothed ring (3219); when the driven gear (3223) is meshed with the first rack (3221), the driven gear (3223) is not meshed with the second rack (3222); when the driven gear (3223) is meshed with the second rack (3222), the driven gear (3223) is not meshed with the first rack (3221).

4. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The slope model (2) is fixedly arranged on the slide plate (133); The slope model (2) comprises a plurality of support units (21), the heights of the support units (21) being successively lowered, a slope bottom plate (211) being fixedly arranged on each support unit (21), and two hinged plates (212) being arranged between adjacent slope bottom plates (211); The support unit (21) comprises a fixed support (213) and a third support arm (214); a second driving gear (215) is rotatably connected to the fixed support (213); a second circular arc rack (216) is formed on the third support arm (214); the second circular arc rack (216) is meshed with the second driving gear (215); a rotating disk (217) is coaxially connected to the second driving gear (215); and the rotating disk (217) can drive the angle of the third support arm (214) to rotate.

5. The cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The data acquisition system comprises: A high-speed camera, installed on the torsional shear collapse test bench (1), is used to record the experimental device frame by frame; A wireless acceleration sensor, mounted on the slope model (2), for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the slope model (2); A positioning module, used to obtain trajectory and posture data of rocks released by the irregular rock construction device (3); A laser displacement sensor is used to obtain the vertical settlement deformation of the slope model (2) during the test; A computer controller is used to control the opening and closing of the high-speed camera, the wireless acceleration sensor, the positioning module and the laser displacement sensor, as well as data communication; and a data storage device is used to store data of the computer controller.

6. A method for simulating collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions, comprising using a device for simulating collapse of special soil engineering in cold regions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The collapse simulation experimental method includes the following steps: S1: System construction: Build the cold region special soil engineering collapse simulation experimental device according to the design requirements, and install and initialize the data acquisition system; S2: Experimental parameter setting: according to the experimental requirements, set the rotation angle, frequency and other parameters of the torsion shear collapse test bench (1), and calibrate the angle of the irregular rock structure device (3) to ensure that rock collapse in different directions can be simulated; S3: Experimental process monitoring and data recording: Start the experimental device and start simulating the collapse process. Use a high-speed camera to record the motion state of the experimental device frame by frame. Use a wireless acceleration sensor to obtain the vibration acceleration signal of the slope model (2). Use a positioning module to record the trajectory and posture data of the rock released by the irregular rock construction device (3). Use a laser displacement sensor to measure the settlement deformation of the slope model (2). S4: Data processing and analysis: After the experiment, the experimental data is exported from the data storage device and the data is processed and analyzed using software.

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