Display module and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a display module and electronic equipment. The display module comprises a display layer; the first functional layer is positioned on the light emitting side of the display layer; the first functional layer is used for deflecting incident light entering the first functional layer into first emergent light, and light of the first emergent light in two polarization directions has different deflection angles; the second functional layer is located on the side, away from the display layer, of the first functional layer; the second functional layer can move relative to the first functional layer; at the first position, the second functional layer transmits the first emergent light, and at the second position, the second functional layer mutually converts two polarization directions of the first emergent light and then emits the first emergent light; the third functional layer is positioned on one side, far away from the first functional layer, of the second functional layer; and the third functional layer is used for converting incident light entering the third functional layer into light with only one polarization direction and then emitting the light. According to the invention, two principal ray angle curves can be realized, the two principal ray angle curves can be switched according to a specific scene, and the watching experience can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display module and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In current VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality) devices, the display screen has different emission angles at different pixels, emitting more light at certain emission angles and less light at other angles, thereby increasing brightness and reducing crosstalk. The emission angle of a pixel can also be called the chief ray angle of the pixel. The feature of having different chief ray angles at different pixels of the display screen can be described using a chief ray angle curve.

[0003] When designing the main ray angle curve of the display screen, it is necessary to consider the viewing effect of the human eye. The viewing behavior of the human eye includes two types: peripheral vision and gaze. For a pixel at a fixed position in the display screen, gaze is the human eye viewing the central field of view, which corresponds to one main ray angle, and peripheral vision is the human eye viewing the peripheral field of view, which corresponds to another main ray angle. The main ray angle corresponding to gaze is different from the main ray angle corresponding to peripheral vision, and after the display screen is manufactured, only one main ray angle curve can be set, which means that the display effect cannot match the viewing behavior of the human eye well, affecting the viewing experience. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides a display module and an electronic device to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the display effect cannot match the viewing behavior of the human eye and affects the viewing experience.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a display module, the display module comprising:

[0006] Display layer;

[0007] A first functional layer is located at the light-emitting side of the display layer; the first functional layer is used to deflect the incident light incident thereon into first emitted light, and the first emitted light has different deflection angles in two polarization directions;

[0008] The second functional layer is located on a side of the first functional layer away from the display layer; the second functional layer can move relative to the first functional layer, and the second functional layer has a first position and a second position; when in the first position, the second functional layer transmits the first emitted light, and when in the second position, the second functional layer converts the two polarization directions of the first emitted light into each other and then emits the light;

[0009] The third functional layer is located on a side of the second functional layer away from the first functional layer; the third functional layer is used to convert the incident light incident thereon into light with only one polarization direction for emission.

[0010] The present application sets a first functional layer, a second functional layer and a third functional layer on the light-emitting side of the display layer, and the second functional layer can move relative to the first functional layer so that the second functional layer has a first position and a second position. The first functional layer can deflect the incident light, and the first emitted light emitted after the action of the first functional layer has two polarization directions, and the deflection angles of the two polarization direction lights are different, that is, the emission angles of the two polarization direction lights of the first emitted light are different. When the second functional layer is in the first position, the second functional layer transmits the first emitted light, and the first emitted light is then incident on the third functional layer, and only one polarization direction light is emitted after the action of the third functional layer. When the second functional layer is in the second position, the second functional layer interchanges the polarization directions of the two polarization direction lights in the first emitted light, and then only one polarization direction light is emitted after the action of the third functional layer. Since the polarization direction of the light emitted by the third functional layer is specific, the emission angles of the light emitted by the third functional layer are different when the second functional layer is in the first position and the second position. For a certain pixel on the display layer, by switching the first functional layer between the first position and the second position, the light emitted by the pixel can have two different exit angles, that is, the pixel has two main ray angles. By designing the first functional layer to match the pixels at different positions on the display layer, the pixels at different positions can have two different main ray angles, and the display module can have two main ray angle curves. When applied, the first functional layer is switched between the first position and the second position to achieve the switching of the two main ray angle curves of the display module. For example, one main ray angle curve is used when the human eye is staring, and it is switched to another main ray angle curve when the human eye is watching with peripheral vision. Switching the two main ray angle curves according to the specific scene to match the viewing behavior of the human eye can enhance the viewing experience.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first functional layer includes a metasurface. In the embodiment of the present application, the structure and arrangement of monomers in the metasurface can be designed so that the deflection angles of light in two polarization directions are different after the light passes through the metasurface.

[0012] In some embodiments, the metasurface includes a plurality of periodic units arranged in a periodic manner, and the periodic unit includes n*m monomers arranged in n rows and m columns, where n and m are both positive integers, and n*m≥2; the monomer includes a first extension portion and a second extension portion, the first extension portion extends in the row direction, the second extension portion extends in the column direction, and the first extension portion and the second extension portion intersect to form a cross shape. In the present application, the monomer is designed to be cross-shaped, so that the change design of the monomer in the row direction and the column direction can be utilized, so that the metasurface has different degrees of deflection of light in two polarization directions, and the first emitted light has different deflection angles in the two polarization directions after the action of the metasurface.

[0013] In some embodiments, in a periodic unit: when m≥2, among the m monomers arranged in the row direction, the size change rate of the first extension portion and the size change rate of the second extension portion are not equal; when n≥2, among the n monomers arranged in the column direction, the size change rate of the first extension portion and the size change rate of the second extension portion are not equal; the size includes at least one of the length and the width. If the size change rate of the monomer in the row direction and the size change rate in the column direction are set to be unequal, the metasurface has different light deflection angle capabilities in the row direction and the column direction. When the incident light in two polarization directions matches the row direction and the column direction, the deflection angles of the light in the two polarization directions are different after the incident light is acted upon by the metasurface.

[0014] In some embodiments, the dimensional change rate of the first extension portion and the dimensional change rate of the second extension portion are not equal, including at least one of the following:

[0015] The length and / or width of one of the first extension portion and the second extension portion changes gradually, while the length and width of the other extension portion remain unchanged;

[0016] The length of one of the first extension portion and the second extension portion gradually changes, and the width of the other of the first extension portion gradually changes;

[0017] The length of the first extension portion changes gradually, the length of the second extension portion changes gradually, and the changing rates of the two portions are not equal;

[0018] The width of the first extension portion changes gradually, the width of the second extension portion changes gradually, and the changing rates of the two portions are not equal;

[0019] The length and width of the first extension portion change gradually, respectively, and the length and width of the second extension portion change gradually, respectively. The length change rate of the first extension portion and the length change rate of the second extension portion are not equal, and / or the width change rate of the first extension portion and the width change rate of the second extension portion are not equal.

[0020] In some embodiments, one of n and m is 1. The periodic unit includes only one row or one column of monomers. When the deflection angle capabilities of the row direction and the column direction are different, the size variation law of the multiple monomers will be relatively simple, the manufacturing process will also be relatively simple, and the product yield will be high.

[0021] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent monomers in the metasurface is a constant value. This implementation paradigm makes the arrangement of monomers in the metasurface more regular, and the design of the metasurface can match multiple sub-pixels in the display layer, so that the light emitted by the sub-pixels at different positions can be acted on by the metasurface, so that the light in the two polarization directions has different deflection angles.

[0022] In some embodiments, the length of the first extension portion is d1, 50nm≤d1≤500nm; the length of the second extension portion is d2, 50nm≤d2≤500nm. The length of the first extension portion and the length of the second extension portion both meet a certain range of values, so that the size change of the cross-shaped monomer can match the light emitted by the sub-pixel, so that the metasurface can deflect light in two polarization directions to different degrees by utilizing the change design of the monomer in the row direction and the column direction.

[0023] In some embodiments, the second functional layer includes a half-wave plate, which can rotate relative to the first functional layer. The half-wave plate has a simple structure and is easy to obtain. Using a half-wave plate, two polarization directions can be converted to each other, which is conducive to reducing the overall thickness of the display module.

[0024] In some embodiments, the third functional layer includes stacked polarizers, beam splitters, 1 / 4 phase delay plates and reflective polarizers. The third functional layer adopts a folded optical path design to reduce the thickness of the optical module, which is conducive to reducing the overall thickness of the display module.

[0025] In some embodiments, the display module further includes a color filter layer, which is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer, and the first functional layer is located on the side of the color filter layer away from the display layer. Light emitted from the display layer first passes through the color filter layer and then enters the first functional layer, thereby avoiding the loss of sub-pixel brightness and facilitating the reduction of function.

[0026] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, a display module provided by any embodiment of the present application. By switching the first functional layer in the display module between the first position and the second position, switching between the two main light angle curves of the display module is achieved. When the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application is used, for example, when the human eye is staring, the display module is controlled to use one main light angle curve, and when the human eye is watching with peripheral vision, the display module is controlled to use another main light angle curve. The two main light angle curves are switched according to the specific scene to match the viewing behavior of the human eye, which can enhance the viewing experience. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a related technology;

[0029] Figure 2It is a local top view of the super surface in the related art;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 4 A simplified optical path schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 5 Another simplified schematic diagram of the optical path of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of a metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 A local schematic diagram of another metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 A local schematic diagram of another metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 9 A local schematic diagram of another metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.10 Another monomer schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.11 Another monomer schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.12 Another monomer schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of another display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0045] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0046] In a related technology, in order to meet the design requirements of the main ray angle curve, a microlens is set above the light-emitting device for focusing. The size of the microlens is comparable to the size of the sub-pixel, and a sub-pixel includes at least one light-emitting device. By setting an offset between the overlapping position of the microlens and the sub-pixel, there is a displacement difference between the light-emitting device and the microlens, so that the light converged by the microlens is deflected, and the main ray angle is shifted. Different degrees of position difference can correspond to different light deflections, and different main ray angles can be obtained. Different displacement differences are set at different pixel positions, resulting in different main ray angle offsets, so that a main ray angle curve can be obtained. However, after the display screen is manufactured, the displacement difference is also fixed, and the position difference cannot be changed by external settings. The display screen can only have an unadjustable main ray angle curve.

[0047] In another related technology, a metasurface is provided to achieve the deflection of the chief ray angle. The design idea is to use the gradual size change of the monomers in the metasurface or the rotation of the monomer angle to achieve different chief ray angles at different pixel positions. Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a related technology is shown in FIG. Figure 2 is a local top view of the metasurface. Figure 1 As shown, the display screen includes a display layer 001, a super surface 002 and an encapsulation layer 003. The super surface 002 includes a plurality of monomers 0021, and the sizes of the monomers 0021 are designed to be gradually varied. Figure 1 The arrows in the figure indicate that the propagation direction of the light changes after passing through the metasurface 002, that is, the angle of the light is deflected. The monomers in the metasurface are commonly rectangular, circular, elliptical, etc. Periodically arranged monomers are set in the metasurface, and the size of the monomers is set to gradually change within a period to achieve different degrees of angular deflection of the light. Different pixel positions are set with different change rules of monomer size, so that different pixel positions can have different main light angle offsets. After the design is completed, the change rule of the monomers in the metasurface is determined, and the display can only have an unadjustable main light angle curve.

[0048] The related art can only provide one main ray angle curve, and cannot match the situations of gaze and peripheral vision at the same time. That is, the display screen of the related art cannot use one main ray angle curve when the human eye is staring, and use another main ray angle curve when the human eye is peripheral vision. In other words, the related art cannot realize the switching of different main ray angle curves in different scenes, which is not conducive to the viewing experience.

[0049] In order to solve the problems existing in the related technology, an embodiment of the present application provides a display module, in which multiple functional layers are stacked on the display layer. The multiple functional layers cooperate with each other to enable the display module to have two main light angle curves. The two main light angle curves can be switched according to the specific scene to match the viewing behavior of the human eye, thereby improving the viewing experience.

[0050] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the display module includes a display layer 00, a first functional layer 10, a second functional layer 20, and a third functional layer 30. The display layer 00 is a film layer that realizes the display function. The display layer 00 has a light-emitting side, and the light is emitted from the light-emitting side of the display layer 00. In some embodiments, the display module is an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display module, and the display layer 00 includes an organic light-emitting device. In other embodiments, the display module is an LED (Lighting Emitting Diode) display module, and the display layer 00 includes an inorganic light-emitting device, such as a mini LED or a micro LED. In other embodiments, the display module is a liquid crystal display module, and the display layer 00 includes liquid crystal molecules. Figure 3 The layer 00 shown in the figure is only for simplification.

[0051] like Figure 3 As shown, the first functional layer 10 is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer 00, that is, the light emitted from the display layer 00 enters the first functional layer 10. The second functional layer 20 is located on the side of the first functional layer 10 away from the display layer 00, and the third functional layer 30 is located on the side of the second functional layer 20 away from the first functional layer 10. The light emitted from the display layer 00 passes through the first functional layer 10, the second functional layer 20, and the third functional layer 30 in sequence before being emitted.

[0052] The first functional layer 10 is used to deflect the incident light incident thereon into the first emergent light, and the first emergent light has different deflection angles in two polarization directions. The angle between the emergent light and the incident light is the deflection angle of the emergent light. If the incident light incident on the first functional layer 10 has two polarization directions perpendicular to each other, the deflection angles of the light in the two polarization directions are different after the first functional layer 10 acts to form the first emergent light to be emitted from the first functional layer 10. That is, the first emergent light emitted through the first functional layer 10 has unequal emergent angles in the two polarization directions.

[0053] The second functional layer 20 can move relative to the first functional layer 10. The movement can be rotational movement of the second functional layer 20 relative to the first functional layer 10, or parallel movement of the second functional layer 20 relative to the first functional layer 10. The second functional layer 20 can move so that it has a first position and a second position. In the first position, the second functional layer 20 transmits the first emitted light, that is, the second functional layer 20 does not change the polarization direction of the incident first emitted light in the first position. In the second position, the second functional layer 20 converts the two polarization directions of the first emitted light and then emits it. Taking the first emitted light having polarized light in the first direction and polarized light in the second direction as an example, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, the emission angle of the polarized light in the first direction is θ1, and the emission angle of the polarized light in the second direction is θ2, θ1≠θ2. Relative to the display module, the first direction and the second direction are determined directions. For example, the display module has a long side and a short side, the first direction is the long side direction of the display module, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. When the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, the second functional layer 20 converts the incident first emitted light into light polarized in the first direction with an emission angle of θ2 and light polarized in the second direction with an emission angle of θ1, that is, the two polarization directions are mutually converted, and the emission angles are not interchanged. The above description of the effect of the second functional layer 20 on the light in the first position and the second position, respectively, takes the example that the second functional layer 20 does not affect the emission angle of the light.

[0054] The third functional layer 30 is used to convert the incident light incident thereon into light having only one polarization direction and then emit it. In other words, the third functional layer 30 only emits light of a specific polarization direction. For example, the optical axis of the third functional layer 30 is aligned with an optical axis of the second functional layer 20. For example, the alignment can be that the optical axes of the two are parallel, or there is a certain angle between the optical axes of the two, so that the light emitted by the third functional layer 30 has only one specific polarization direction. The alignment method is determined according to the specific structure adopted by the third functional layer 30 and the second functional layer 20, and is not specifically limited here. The light emitted by the second functional layer 20 and then incident on the third functional layer 30 has two polarization directions, and after the action of the third functional layer 30, the light of one polarization direction is filtered out, and only the light of one polarization direction is retained for emission. Taking the third functional layer 30 being able to retain the first-direction polarized light as an example, when the second functional layer 20 is in the first position, the light incident on the third functional layer 30 is the first exit light, and the exit angle of the first-direction polarized light and the exit angle of the second-direction polarized light are not equal, and the light exiting after the action of the third functional layer 30 is the first-direction polarized light. When the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, the polarization directions of the two polarization directions of the first exit light are interchanged and then incident on the third functional layer 30, and the light exiting after the action of the third functional layer 30 is the first-direction polarized light. When the second functional layer 20 is in the first position and the second position respectively, the light exiting from the third functional layer 30 is the first-direction polarized light, but because the polarization directions of the two polarization directions of the first exit light are interchanged in the second position, the exit angles of the first-direction polarized light exiting from the third functional layer 30 are different in the two cases.

[0055] Figure 4 A simplified schematic diagram of the optical path of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 Another simplified schematic diagram of the optical path of the display module provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the figure, “Ⅱ” indicates that the polarization direction of the light is parallel to the paper plane, and “‥” indicates that the polarization direction of the light is perpendicular to the paper plane. Figure 4 and Figure 5 For example, the third functional layer 30 can only emit light with a polarization direction parallel to the paper surface. In other embodiments, the third functional layer 30 in the embodiment of the present application can only emit light with a polarization direction perpendicular to the paper surface, which is not illustrated in the figure.

[0056] Figure 4 FIG. 2 shows a light path diagram when the second functional layer 20 is in the first position. Figure 4As shown, the light emitted from the pixel point W on the display layer 00 enters the first functional layer 10, and the first emitted light is obtained after the first functional layer 10 acts on it. The first emitted light includes light S1 and light S2. The polarization direction of light S1 is parallel to the paper surface, and the polarization direction of light S2 is perpendicular to the paper surface. The deflection angles of light S1 and light S2 relative to the incident light are different, so that the emission angles of light S1 and light S2 emitted by the first functional layer 10 are different. When the second functional layer 20 is in the first position, the second functional layer 20 transmits the first emitted light, and the light emitted through the second functional layer 20 is still light S1 and light S2. The polarization direction of light S1 is parallel to the paper surface, and the polarization direction of light S2 is perpendicular to the paper surface. The third functional layer 30 can only emit light with a polarization direction parallel to the paper surface, so the light S1 emitted by the third functional layer 30 enters the human eye.

[0057] Figure 5 is the optical path diagram when the second functional layer 20 is in the second position. Figure 5 As shown, the light emitted from the pixel point W on the display layer 00 enters the first functional layer 10, and the first emitted light is obtained after the first functional layer 10 acts on it. The first emitted light includes light S1 and light S2. The polarization direction of light S1 is parallel to the paper surface, and the polarization direction of light S2 is perpendicular to the paper surface. The emission angles of light S1 and light S2 are different. When the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, the light emitted after the second functional layer 20 acts on it is light S1 and light S2. The polarization direction of light S1 is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the polarization direction of light S2 is parallel to the paper surface. The third functional layer 30 can only emit light with a polarization direction parallel to the paper surface, and the light S2 emitted by the third functional layer 30 enters the human eye.

[0058] When the second functional layer 20 is in the first position, the light S1 emitted at the pixel point W on the display layer 00 enters the human eye; when the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, the light S2 emitted at the pixel point W on the display layer 00 enters the human eye. After passing through the first functional layer 10, the deflection angles of light S1 and light S2 are different, and the exit angles of light S1 and light S2 emitted by the first functional layer 10 are different. For the pixel point W, by controlling the second functional layer 20 to move relative to the first functional layer 10, two main ray angles of different sizes can be obtained. In the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the second functional layer 20 to switch between the first position and the second position, the pixels at different positions on the display layer 00 can obtain two main ray angles respectively, and the display module can have two main ray angle curves.

[0059] The embodiment of the present application provides a display module, in which a first functional layer 10, a second functional layer 20 and a third functional layer 30 are arranged on the light-emitting side of the display layer 00, and the second functional layer 20 can move relative to the first functional layer 10 so that the second functional layer 20 has a first position and a second position. The first functional layer 10 can deflect the incident light, and the first outgoing light emitted after the action of the first functional layer 10 has two polarization directions, and the deflection angles of the two polarization direction lights are different, that is, the outgoing angles of the two polarization direction lights of the first outgoing light are different. When the second functional layer 20 is in the first position, the second functional layer 20 transmits the first outgoing light, and the first outgoing light is then incident on the third functional layer 30, and only one polarization direction light is emitted after the action of the third functional layer 30. When the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, the second functional layer 20 interchanges the polarization directions of the two polarization direction lights in the first outgoing light, and then only one polarization direction light is emitted after the action of the third functional layer 30. Since the polarization direction of the light emitted by the third functional layer 30 is specific, when the second functional layer 20 is in the first position and the second position, the emission angle of the light emitted by the third functional layer 30 is different. For a certain pixel on the display layer 00, by switching the first functional layer 10 between the first position and the second position, the light emitted by the pixel can have two different emission angles, that is, the pixel has two main ray angles. By designing the first functional layer 10 to match the pixels at different positions on the display layer 00, the pixels at different positions can have two different main ray angles, and the display module can have two main ray angle curves. When applied, the first functional layer 10 is switched between the first position and the second position to switch the two main ray angle curves of the display module. For example, when the human eye is staring, one main ray angle curve is used, and when the human eye is watching with peripheral vision, it is switched to another main ray angle curve. The two main ray angle curves are switched according to the specific scene to match the viewing behavior of the human eye, which can enhance the viewing experience.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first functional layer 10 includes a metasurface. Optionally, the thickness of the metasurface is 100nm to 1000nm (including the end value). The metasurface is a two-dimensional periodic structure array, and the structure and arrangement of the monomers in the metasurface can be designed to have a specific optical response. The embodiment of the present application can design the structure and arrangement of the monomers in the metasurface so that the deflection angles of the light in the two polarization directions are different after the light passes through the metasurface. The material of the metasurface can be an inorganic material or an organic material.

[0061] In some embodiments, Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of a super surface provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 6As shown, the metasurface includes a plurality of periodic units 11Y arranged periodically, and the periodic unit 11Y includes n*m monomers 11 arranged in n rows and m columns, where n and m are both positive integers, and n*m≥2. Figure 6 Take n=1, m=3 as an example, that is, the periodic unit 11Y is arranged in 1 row and 3 columns. The monomer 11 includes a first extension portion 111 and a second extension portion 112, the first extension portion 111 extends along the row direction x, and the second extension portion 112 extends along the column direction y, the row direction x and the column direction y are perpendicular to each other, and the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 cross in a cross shape. In the related art, the monomers in the metasurface are long strips, circles or ellipses, and the periodically arranged monomers are used to make the light at different pixel positions of the display screen deflect at different angles. The related art cannot distinguish the deflection angles of light in different polarization directions. In other words, the light in different polarization directions in the related art has the same deflection angle. In the present application, the monomer 11 is designed to be cross-shaped, so that the change design of the monomer 11 in the row direction x and the column direction y can be used to make the metasurface deflect different degrees of light in the two polarization directions. After the action of the metasurface, the first emitted light has different deflection angles in the two polarization directions.

[0062] In some embodiments, the display module provided in the embodiments of the present application is rectangular in shape, and has a first side and a second side perpendicular to each other, wherein one of the first side and the second side extends along the row direction x and the other extends along the column direction y.

[0063] In other embodiments, the display module is non-rectangular in shape, and the display layer 00 includes a sub-pixel array, in which multiple sub-pixels are arranged in rows and columns. Multiple sub-pixels are arranged in sub-pixel rows along the row direction x, and multiple sub-pixels are arranged in sub-pixel columns along the column direction y.

[0064] In some embodiments, the spacing between two adjacent monomers 11 in the metasurface is a fixed value. The spacing between two adjacent monomers 11 is calculated as the distance between the centers of the two monomers 11. The display layer 00 includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, and the spacing between two adjacent monomers 11 in the metasurface is set to a fixed value, so that the arrangement of the monomers 11 in the metasurface is more regular, and the design of the metasurface can match the plurality of sub-pixels in the display layer 00, so that the light emitted from the sub-pixels at different positions can be acted on by the metasurface, so that the light in the two polarization directions has different deflection angles.

[0065] The distance between two adjacent monomers 11 is between tens and hundreds of nm. In one embodiment, the distance between two adjacent monomers 11 is 300 nm.

[0066] In some embodiments, a sub-pixel region of the display layer 00 corresponds to a plurality of monomers 11 in the super surface. For example, along the thickness direction of the display module, a sub-pixel region overlaps with a plurality of periodic units 11Y.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, the first extension portion 111 extends along the row direction x, and has a certain length in both the row direction x and the column direction y. The length of the first extension portion 111 in the row direction x is the length of the first extension portion 111, and the length of the first extension portion 111 in the column direction y is the width of the first extension portion 111. The length of the first extension portion 111 is d1, 50nm≤d1≤500nm. The second extension portion 112 extends along the row direction x, and has a certain length in both the row direction x and the column direction y. The length of the second extension portion 112 in the row direction x is the length of the second extension portion 112, and the length of the second extension portion 112 in the column direction y is the width of the second extension portion 112. The length of the second extension portion 112 is d2, 50nm≤d2≤500nm. The length of the first extension portion 111 and the length of the second extension portion 112 both satisfy a certain range of values, so that the size change of the cross-shaped monomer 11 can match the light emitted by the sub-pixel, thereby making it possible to utilize the change design of the monomer 11 in the two dimensions of the row direction x and the column direction y, so that the metasurface has different degrees of deflection for light in two polarization directions.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the monomer 11 in the periodic unit 11Y is designed to be gradually changed. In the periodic unit 11Y: when m≥2, among the m monomers arranged along the row direction x, the size change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the size change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal; when n≥2, among the n monomers arranged along the column direction y, the size change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the size change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal; the size includes at least one of the length and the width. The size change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the size change rate of the second extension portion 112 are set to be unequal, that is, the size change rate of the monomer 11 in the row direction x and the size change rate in the column direction y are not equal, then the metasurface has different deflection angle capabilities for light in the row direction x and the column direction y. When the incident light matches the row direction x and the column direction y in two polarization directions, the deflection angles of the light in the two polarization directions are different after the incident light is acted on by the metasurface.

[0069] The size change rate indicates how fast the size changes, such as the length change rate indicates how fast the length changes, and the width change rate indicates how fast the width changes. Taking m=3 as an example, the lengths of the three first extensions 111 of the three monomers 11 arranged along the row direction x in the periodic unit 11Y gradually change, and the lengths of the three second extensions 112 gradually change. The lengths of the three first extensions 111 are 200nm, 150nm, and 100nm, respectively, and the lengths of the three second extensions 112 are 200nm, 180nm, and 160nm, respectively. The length of the first extension 111 changes quickly, and the length of the second extension 112 changes slowly. In this case, it is considered that the size change rate of the first extension 111 and the size change rate of the second extension 112 are not equal.

[0070] The "size change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the size change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application include a variety of situations. For example, the size of the first extension portion 111 gradually changes, and the size of the second extension portion 112 does not change, and the change rates of the two are considered to be unequal. For example, the length of the first extension portion 111 gradually changes, and the width of the second extension portion 112 gradually changes, and the change rates of the two are considered to be unequal. For another example, the length of the first extension portion 111 gradually changes, and the length of the second extension portion 112 gradually changes, and the amplitudes of the gradual changes of the two are different, and the change rates of the two are considered to be unequal. In addition, the gradual change of length includes the length gradually increasing or the length gradually decreasing, and the gradual change of width includes the width gradually increasing or the width gradually decreasing. The gradual change of length can be an arithmetic change or a non-arithmetic change. The gradual change of width can be an arithmetic change or a non-arithmetic change.

[0071] In some embodiments, in the periodic unit 11Y along the arrangement direction of the monomers 11 (ie, the row direction x or the column direction y), the length of one of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 changes gradually, while the length and width of the other remain unchanged. Figure 7 Another partial schematic diagram of a metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the periodic unit 11Y includes n*m monomers 11 arranged in n rows and m columns. Taking n=1 and m=3 as an example, the monomer 11 includes a first extension portion 111 extending along the row direction x and a second extension portion 112 extending along the column direction y. The first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 intersect to form a cross. In the periodic unit 11Y, the length of the first extension portion 111 of the three monomers 11 arranged along the row direction x gradually decreases, and the length and width of the second extension portion 112 remain unchanged.

[0072] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomers 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length and width of one of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 gradually change, while the length and width of the other remain unchanged. Figure 8 Another partial schematic diagram of a metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application takes the periodic unit 11Y as an example of a 1-row 3-column arrangement. Figure 8 As shown, in the periodic unit 11Y, the length of the first extension portion 111 of the three monomers 11 arranged along the row direction x gradually decreases and the width gradually increases, and the length and width of the second extension portion 112 remain unchanged.

[0073] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomers 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the width of one of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 changes gradually, while the length and width of the other remain unchanged.

[0074] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomers 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length of one of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 changes gradually, and the width of the other changes gradually. Fig. 9 Another partial schematic diagram of a metasurface provided in an embodiment of the present application takes the periodic unit 11Y as an example of a 1-row 3-column arrangement. Fig. 9 As shown, in the periodic unit 11Y, the length of the first extension portion 111 of the three monomers 11 arranged along the row direction x gradually decreases and the width remains unchanged, and the width of the second extension portion 112 gradually decreases and the length remains unchanged.

[0075] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomers 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length of the first extension portion 111 gradually changes, the length of the second extension portion 112 gradually changes, and the change rates of the two are not equal. Figure 6 3 monomers 11 are shown arranged along the row direction x, the length of the first extension portion 111 gradually decreases, and the length of the second extension portion 112 gradually decreases. The lengths of the three first extension portions 111 are 200 nm, 150 nm, and 100 nm, respectively, and the lengths of the three second extension portions 112 are 200 nm, 180 nm, and 160 nm, respectively. The length change rate of the first extension portion 111 is not equal to the length change rate of the second extension portion 112.

[0076] In some embodiments, in the periodic unit 11Y, along the arrangement direction of the monomer 11, the width of the first extension portion 111 gradually changes, and the width of the second extension portion 112 gradually changes, and the change rates of the two are not equal. Optionally, the width of the first extension portion 111 gradually decreases, and the width of the second extension portion 112 gradually increases. Optionally, the width of the first extension portion 111 gradually decreases, and the width of the second extension portion 112 gradually decreases, but the amplitudes of the two gradually decreasing are not equal.

[0077] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomer 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length and width of the first extension portion 111 change gradually, and the length and width of the second extension portion 112 change gradually, and the length change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the length change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal.

[0078] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomer 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length and width of the first extension portion 111 change gradually, and the length and width of the second extension portion 112 change gradually, and the width change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the width change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal.

[0079] In some embodiments, along the arrangement direction of the monomer 11 in the periodic unit 11Y, the length and width of the first extension portion 111 change gradually, and the length and width of the second extension portion 112 change gradually, respectively. The length change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the length change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal, and the width change rate of the first extension portion 111 and the width change rate of the second extension portion 112 are not equal.

[0080] In some embodiments, one of n and m is 1, such as Figure 6 Where n=1, m=3. The periodic unit 11Y includes only one row or one column of monomers 11. When the deflection angles of light in the row direction x and the column direction y are different, the size variation rule of the multiple monomers 11 is relatively simple, the manufacturing process is relatively simple, and the product yield is high.

[0081] In some embodiments, the monomer 11 is an axisymmetric pattern. The monomer 11 has a symmetry axis extending along the row direction x, and / or the monomer 11 has a symmetry axis extending along the column direction y. Fig.10 Another monomer schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 As shown, the intersection of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 forms an overlap portion 113, and the lengths of the two sub-portions of the first extension portion 111 located on both sides of the overlap portion 113 are d 11 and d 12 , d 11 =d 12 The lengths of the two sub-portions of the second extension portion 112 located on both sides of the overlapping portion 113 are d 21 and d 22 , d 21 =d 22 In this embodiment, the monomer 11 is an axisymmetric shape.

[0082] In other embodiments, Fig.11Another monomer schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.11 As shown, the intersection of the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 forms an overlap portion 113, and the lengths of the two sub-portions of the first extension portion 111 located on both sides of the overlap portion 113 are d 11 and d 12 , d 11 ≠d 12 The lengths of the two sub-portions of the second extension portion 112 located on both sides of the overlapping portion 113 are d 21 and d 22 , d 21 ≠d 22 In this embodiment, the monomer 11 is an asymmetric shape.

[0083] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the shape of the first extension portion 111 and the shape of the second extension portion 112 are both illustrated as relatively regular rectangles. The first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 may also be other shapes, such as an approximately elliptical shape. Fig.12 Another monomer schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig.12 As shown, the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 are both approximately elliptical, and the first extension portion 111 and the second extension portion 112 intersect each other to form a cross. In this solution, the maximum width of the first extension portion 111 at the non-overlapping portion position along the column direction y is defined as the width of the first extension portion 111, and the width of the second extension portion 112 can be understood with reference to the description of the width of the first extension portion 111.

[0084] In some embodiments, the second functional layer 20 includes a half-wave plate, which can be rotated relative to the first functional layer 10. The half-wave plate structure is simple and easy to obtain. The two polarization directions can be converted to each other using a half-wave plate, which is beneficial to the overall thickness of the display module. When the second functional layer 20 is in the first position, the optical axis direction of the half-wave plate is parallel to the row direction x, or parallel to the column direction y. After the half-wave plate is rotated relative to the first functional layer 10, the second functional layer 20 is in the second position, and the specific rotation angle can be set according to actual design requirements. Optionally, the rotation angle is about 90°.

[0085] In other embodiments, the second functional layer 20 is a multi-film stacking structure, and the multi-film stacking structure enables the second functional layer 20 to have the function of converting two polarization directions into each other.

[0086] In some embodiments, the third functional layer 30 may be a pancake optical module, which includes stacked polarizers, beam splitters, 1 / 4 phase delay plates, and reflective polarizers. The pancake optical solution can reduce the thickness of the optical module by designing a folded optical path, which is beneficial to reducing the overall thickness of the display module.

[0087] In one embodiment, Fig.13 Another display module schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig.13 As shown, the display module includes a display layer 00, a metasurface 10-1 on the light-emitting side of the display layer 00, a half-wave plate 20-1, and an optical module 30-1. The optical module 30-1 can be a pancake optical module.

[0088] In some embodiments, the display module further includes a color filter layer, which is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer 00, and the first functional layer 10 is located on the side of the color filter layer away from the display layer 00. The color filter layer includes at least three color filters of red, green, and blue, and the first functional layer 10 can make the emitted light have different deflection angles in two polarization directions. Assuming that the light emitted from the display layer 00 first passes through the first functional layer 10 and then enters the color filter layer, for example, the light emitted by the red sub-pixel has different deflection angles in two polarization directions after passing through the first functional layer 10. When the polarized light with a larger deflection angle in the red light is emitted to the adjacent green color filter, it cannot be emitted by the green color filter, thereby causing the loss of red light and affecting the brightness of the sub-pixel. In the present application, the light emitted from the display layer 00 first passes through the color filter layer and then enters the first functional layer 10, thereby avoiding the loss of sub-pixel brightness and helping to reduce the function.

[0089] Fig.14 Another display module schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Fig.14 As shown, the display module includes a substrate 01, a driving layer 02, a display layer 00, a water and oxygen barrier layer 03, a first functional layer 10, a second functional layer 20 and a third functional layer 30. The driving layer 02 is provided with a pixel circuit, and the pixel circuit is used to drive the sub-pixel. The display layer 00 is only simplified, and the display layer 00 includes a stacked anode, a light-emitting layer and a cathode, and the light-emitting layer includes an organic light-emitting material. The anode is a patterned structure, the cathode is a whole layer, and the stacked anode, light-emitting layer and cathode constitute a light-emitting device. The water and oxygen barrier layer 03 is used to block water and oxygen and protect the light-emitting layer.

[0090] like Fig.14 As shown, the display module further includes an encapsulation layer 04, and the encapsulation layer 04 is located on a side of the first functional layer 10 away from the display layer 00. Optionally, the encapsulation layer 04 is a glass encapsulation.

[0091] Optionally, the thickness of the display layer 00 is 100-1000 nm, the thickness of the water and oxygen barrier layer 03 is 100 nm-2000 nm, and the thickness of the encapsulation layer 04 is about 1000 nm.

[0092] Fig.14 The first functional layer 10 is shown in the figure as being located on the side of the water and oxygen barrier layer 03 away from the display layer 00, that is, the first functional layer 10 is manufactured after the process of the water and oxygen barrier layer 03. In other embodiments, the first functional layer 10 is located on the side of the water and oxygen barrier layer 03 close to the display layer 00, which is not shown in the figure.

[0093] In some embodiments, Fig.14 Based on the schematic structure, the display module further includes a color filter layer, which is located on the side of the water and oxygen barrier layer 03 away from the display layer 00, and the first functional layer 10 is located on the side of the color filter layer away from the water and oxygen barrier layer 03. That is, when the display module includes a color filter layer, the first functional layer 10 is arranged on the side of the color filter layer away from the display layer 00. In this embodiment, the display module includes a color filter layer, which can be used to reduce the reflection of the display module to ambient light and improve the display effect. In addition, the stacking position of the color filter layer and the first functional layer 10 is designed to avoid the loss of sub-pixel brightness, which is conducive to reducing the function.

[0094] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, and the electronic device includes a display module provided in any embodiment of the present application. The structure of the display module has been described in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here. The electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be, for example, a VR device, an AR device, or a multi-screen office device.

[0095] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the technology in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a storage medium such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention or some parts of the embodiments.

[0096] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In particular, for the device embodiment and the terminal embodiment, since they are basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method embodiment.

Claims

1. A display module, characterized in that: The display module comprises: Display layer; A first functional layer is located at the light-emitting side of the display layer; the first functional layer is used to deflect the incident light incident thereon into a first emitted light, and the first emitted light has different deflection angles in two polarization directions; a second functional layer, located on a side of the first functional layer away from the display layer; the second functional layer can move relative to the first functional layer, and the second functional layer has a first position and a second position; when in the first position, the second functional layer transmits the first emitted light, and when in the second position, the second functional layer converts the two polarization directions of the first emitted light into each other and then emits the light; The third functional layer is located on a side of the second functional layer away from the first functional layer; the third functional layer is used to convert the incident light incident thereon into light with only one polarization direction for emission.

2. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first functional layer includes a metasurface.

3. The display module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metasurface includes a plurality of periodic units arranged periodically, wherein the periodic unit includes n*m monomers arranged in n rows and m columns, where n and m are both positive integers, and n*m≥2; The monomer includes a first extension portion and a second extension portion, the first extension portion extends along a row direction, the second extension portion extends along a column direction, and the first extension portion and the second extension portion intersect to form a cross shape.

4. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the periodic unit: when m≥2, among the m monomers arranged along the row direction, the size change rate of the first extension part and the size change rate of the second extension part are not equal; when n≥2, among the n monomers arranged along the column direction, the size change rate of the first extension part and the size change rate of the second extension part are not equal; the size includes at least one of the length and the width.

5. The display module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dimensional change rate of the first extension portion and the dimensional change rate of the second extension portion are not equal, including at least one of the following: The length and / or width of one of the first extension portion and the second extension portion changes gradually, while the length and width of the other one remain unchanged; The length of one of the first extension portion and the second extension portion changes gradually, and the width of the other of the first extension portion changes gradually; The length of the first extension portion changes gradually, the length of the second extension portion changes gradually, and the changing rates of the two are not equal; The width of the first extension portion changes gradually, the width of the second extension portion changes gradually, and the changing rates of the two portions are not equal; The length and width of the first extension portion change gradually, respectively, and the length and width of the second extension portion change gradually, respectively. The length change rate of the first extension portion and the length change rate of the second extension portion are not equal, and / or the width change rate of the first extension portion and the width change rate of the second extension portion are not equal.

6. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that: One of n and m is 1.

7. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent monomers in the super surface is a constant.

8. The display module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the first extension portion is d1, 50nm≤d1≤500nm; the length of the second extension portion is d2, 50nm≤d2≤500nm.

9. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second functional layer includes a half-wave plate, and the half-wave plate is capable of rotational movement relative to the first functional layer.

10. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third functional layer includes a stacked polarizer, a beam splitter, a 1 / 4 phase delay plate and a reflective polarizer.

11. The display module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display module further includes a color filter layer, which is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer. The first functional layer is located on a side of the color filter layer away from the display layer.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that: A display module comprising any one of claims 1 to 11.

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