Battery system, equalization method, equalization system, storage medium, and electronic device

Abstract

The invention provides a battery system, an equalization method, an equalization system, a storage medium and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of power batteries, the battery system comprises single batteries, a battery data monitoring system and a battery equalization control system; the battery data monitoring system is connected with the single batteries and monitors parameter information of the single batteries; the single batteries are connected in series with the first switch and then connected in parallel with the second switch to form a single battery pack; the plurality of single battery packs are arranged in a matrix form, and every two adjacent single battery packs are connected in series through a third switch to form a battery pack; and the battery equalization control system controls the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch, so that the single batteries are connected or disconnected with the battery system. When the monitored single batteries have faults or need to be balanced, the first switch is controlled to be switched off, the second switch is controlled to be switched on, the single batteries are disconnected from the whole battery system, and the whole battery system normally and reliably runs due to the fact that the second switch is in a switched-on state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular to a battery system, an equalization method for the battery system, a storage medium and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In existing battery systems, multiple single cells are generally connected in series or in parallel to form a battery pack, and multiple battery packs are connected in parallel or in series to form a battery system. For example, a battery system that has been disclosed includes a plurality of single cells that form parallel battery groups, and each parallel battery group is connected in series to form a battery system. When one of the single cells fails, the entire battery pack cannot be used, wasting the energy of other normal single cells in the battery pack.

[0003] After long-term use of the battery system, the energy obtained and released by each single cell during charging and discharging is different, resulting in inconsistency between the capacities of each single cell. As the use time increases, this inconsistency will become more obvious, thus affecting the available capacity of the entire system. In order to reduce this inconsistency and keep the capacity of each single cell consistent, it is necessary to add a balancing system to the battery system. Existing battery balancing technology mostly uses passive balancing, which dissipates the energy of the single cell with higher capacity in the form of heat energy through the resistor by connecting the single cell in series with the resistor, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the gap between the capacities of different batteries. This method dissipates energy in the form of heat energy, which is equivalent to wasting energy in the battery system and there is a phenomenon of wasting resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a battery system and a balancing method for the battery system, a computer-readable storage medium and an electronic device, which can disconnect a single cell that has failed or needs balancing from the entire battery system without affecting other single cells in the system, thereby improving the utilization rate of the battery system; when balancing the single cells, excess energy is not dissipated in the form of heat energy, thereby saving energy.

[0005] In a first aspect, a battery system is provided, comprising: a single battery, a battery data monitoring system and a battery balancing control system;

[0006] The battery data monitoring system is connected to the single battery to monitor parameter information of the single battery;

[0007] The single cell is connected in series with the first switch and then in parallel with the second switch to form a single cell group;

[0008] The plurality of said single battery groups are arranged in a matrix form, and two adjacent said single battery groups are connected in series via a third switch to form a battery system;

[0009] The battery balancing control system is connected to the first switch and the second switch, and controls the opening and closing of the first switch and the second switch to connect or disconnect the single cell to the battery system.

[0010] In a second aspect, a battery system balancing method is provided, which is applicable to the battery system as described in the above technical solution, and the method comprises:

[0011] Obtaining an estimated capacity of the single battery;

[0012] Determine an average of the plurality of estimated capacities as the actual capacity;

[0013] When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than or equal to a first capacity threshold, the single battery is subjected to equalization processing.

[0014] Furthermore, the method further includes: when the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is less than or equal to a second capacity threshold, stopping the balancing process.

[0015] Furthermore, before performing the equalization process on the single battery, the method further includes:

[0016] Calculating the duration of the equalization process;

[0017] The balancing process is performed on the single battery according to the duration.

[0018] Furthermore, before performing the equalization process on the single battery, the method further includes:

[0019] The single cells are classified based on the estimated capacity.

[0020] Furthermore, obtaining the estimated capacity of the single battery includes:

[0021] Obtaining parameter information of the single battery;

[0022] The estimated capacity is confirmed based on the parameter information.

[0023] Furthermore, before obtaining the estimated capacity of the single battery, the method further includes:

[0024] The operating status of the battery system and the single battery is obtained.

[0025] In a third aspect, a battery capacity balancing system includes:

[0026] An acquisition module is used to obtain the estimated capacity of each single battery;

[0027] A determination module, used to determine the average of the plurality of estimated capacities as the actual capacity of the single battery;

[0028] The balancing module is used to perform balancing processing on the single battery when the difference between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than a first capacity threshold.

[0029] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a program or instruction. When the program or instruction is executed on a computer, the computer executes the turnout heating monitoring method as described in any of the above schemes.

[0030] In a fifth aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor, wherein the processor is coupled to a memory,

[0031] The processor is used to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the turnout heating monitoring method described in any of the above solutions.

[0032] One or more technical solutions provided by this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0033] Since each single cell is connected in series with the first switch and then in parallel with the second switch to form a single cell battery group, when the single cell operates normally, the first switch is closed and the second switch is disconnected. At this time, the single cell is connected to the entire battery system and operates normally. When the single cell detected by the battery data monitoring system fails or needs to be balanced, the monitored information or processed monitoring information will be transmitted to the battery balancing control system. The battery balancing control system controls the first switch to be disconnected and the second switch to be closed to disconnect the single cell from the entire battery system. However, since the second switch is in a closed state, other adjacent single cells can still be connected to enable the entire battery system to operate normally.

[0034] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery pack in a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a battery system balancing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery capacity balancing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Among them, 1. Single battery pack, 2. Battery data monitoring system, 3. Battery balancing control system, 4. Third switch;

[0041] 11. a single battery, 12. a first switch, 13. a second switch;

[0042] 21. Voltage monitoring device, 22. Current monitoring device, 23. Temperature monitoring device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present invention (for the structural diagram

[0045] The simplicity of Figure 1 The battery data monitoring system and battery balancing control system are not shown); Figure 2

[0046] The schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery pack in a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 and Figure 2

[0047] As shown, the battery system of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: a single battery 11, a battery data monitoring system 2 and a battery balancing control system 3.

[0048] The battery data monitoring system 2 is connected to the single battery 11 to monitor parameter information of the single battery 11 .

[0049] Specifically, the battery data monitoring system 2 includes at least a voltage monitoring device 21, a current monitoring device 22 and a temperature monitoring device 23, which can be respectively selected from voltage sensors, current sensors and temperature sensors. Correspondingly, the parameter information of the single battery 11 includes at least voltage information, current information and temperature information, which can be obtained through voltage sensors, current sensors and temperature sensors respectively.

[0050] The single cell 11 is connected in series with the first switch 12 and then in parallel with the second switch 13 to form a single cell group 1. The battery balancing control system 3 is connected with the first switch 12 and the second switch 13 to control the opening or closing of the first switch 12 and the second switch 13 so that the single cell 11 is connected to the battery system or disconnected from the battery system.

[0051] Specifically, Figure 2 As described above, the solid line in the figure represents the circuit connection, and the dotted line represents the signal transmission, which can be wired signal transmission or wireless signal transmission, or a combination of the two. The single cell battery pack 1 includes a single cell 11, a first switch 12, a second switch 13, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor. The voltage sensor is connected to the single cell 11 in parallel through a circuit, the current sensor is connected to the single cell 11 in series through a circuit, and the temperature sensor is arranged close to the single cell 11. The temperature sensor can use a probe thermocouple to monitor the surface temperature of the battery. In order to improve the accuracy of monitoring, a built-in probe can also be used to monitor the internal temperature of the battery.

[0052] One end of the single battery 11 ( Figure 2 A device is connected to the battery 11 through a first circuit (the device here can be another single battery 11, or other electrical equipment or charging equipment), and a first switch 12 is installed on the first circuit. The first switch 12 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the first circuit. The second circuit connects the side of the first switch 12 away from the single battery 11 with the side of the current sensor away from the single battery 11 (the other end of the single battery 11, i.e. Figure 2 The first switch 12 is connected to the second circuit at point B in the figure, and a second switch 13 is installed on the second circuit. The second switch 13 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the second circuit. When the single battery 11 works normally (connected to the battery system), the first switch 12 is in a closed state and the second switch 13 is in an open state.

[0053] The battery balancing control system 3 is connected to the first switch 12, the second switch 13, the voltage sensor, the current sensor and the temperature sensor respectively. The battery balancing control system 3 receives the parameter information of the single battery 11 monitored by the voltage sensor, the current sensor and the temperature sensor, and controls the opening or closing of the first switch 12 and the second switch 13 based on the parameter information of the single battery 11.

[0054] A plurality of single battery packs 1 are arranged in a matrix form, and two adjacent single battery packs 1 are connected in series via a third switch 4 to form a battery system. Figure 1 As described above (the ellipsis in the figure represents the omitted single battery pack 1), the specific number of single battery packs 1 included in a battery system can be selected and determined according to the actual required voltage, current, capacity and other information. This embodiment only lists a feasible implementation method. Two single battery packs 1 adjacent to each other in the upper and lower parts and in the left and right parts are respectively connected in series through a third circuit, and a third switch 4 is installed on the third circuit. The third switch 4 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the third circuit. The battery balancing control system 3 is connected to the third switch 4 to control the connection or disconnection of the third switch 4.

[0055] When the battery system is working (it can be in charging state or discharging state), in the initial state, the first switch 12 is closed, the second switch 13 is opened, and all the single battery groups 1 are connected to the battery system. The voltage sensor, current sensor and temperature sensor in each single battery group 1 respectively test the voltage information, current information and temperature information of the single battery 11 in the group, and transmit the monitored voltage information, current information and temperature information to the battery balancing control system 3. The battery balancing control system 3 determines the single battery 11 to be balanced based on the received parameter information of each single battery 11, and then controls the first switch 12 to be opened and the second switch 13 to be closed, so that the single battery 11 to be balanced is disconnected from the battery system, and then the single battery 11 is in a balanced state. After the balancing is completed, the second switch 13 is opened and the first switch 12 is closed, and the single battery 11 is reconnected to the battery system.

[0056] The balancing process here is to isolate the single cell 11 to be balanced from the battery system. Specifically, during the charging process of the battery system, when the capacity of a single cell 11 is greater than the average capacity of all single cells 11, this single cell 11 is isolated from the battery system, so that this single cell 11 is no longer charged; when the average capacity of other single cells 11 is basically the same as the capacity of the separated single cell 11 in a balanced state, the previously separated single cell 11 to be processed is reconnected to the battery system. During the discharging process of the battery system, when the capacity of a single cell 11 is less than the average capacity of all single cells 11, this single cell 11 is isolated from the battery system, so that this single cell 11 is no longer discharged; when the average capacity of other single cells 11 is basically the same as the capacity of the separated single cell 11 in a balanced state, the previously separated single cell 11 to be processed is reconnected to the battery system.

[0057] When a single cell 11 is in the balancing process, the number of single cells 11 in the battery system will change. At this time, information such as the current and voltage output by the entire battery system will also change. In order to output the optimal current and voltage, the battery balancing control system 3 will control the closing or opening of the third switch 4 to control the series-parallel relationship between each single cell 11 to control the output current and voltage.

[0058] Specifically, the battery balancing control system 3 calculates the optimal capacity solution that can be output by the remaining single cells 11 in the battery system after being connected in series and parallel by a sorting method, and provides the best series and parallel solution for the remaining single cells 11. The calculation process is to first close all the third switches 4, calculate the output information of the battery system at this time (including at least voltage information, current information, battery system capacity information, etc.), and then calculate all the situations when only one switch is turned on, and then calculate all the combinations when only two switches are turned on, and so on, until the switch cannot be turned on to connect the entire circuit system, and the calculation is stopped. The entire calculation process continuously records the battery system capacity and outputs the maximum capacity until the calculation is completed. It can be known that the third switch 4 is closed and opened at the maximum capacity. The third switch 4 is opened and closed according to this combination.

[0059] Figure 3 The present invention also provides a method for balancing a battery system, such as Figure 3 As shown, the method includes:

[0060] S201: Obtaining the estimated capacity of a single battery.

[0061] Specifically, they include:

[0062] S2011: Obtain the operating status of the battery system and single cells.

[0063] The operating state of a single cell is consistent with that of the battery system when it is not balanced, and is divided into two states: charging state and discharging state. This can be determined by information such as voltage and current flow, or monitored by other sensors.

[0064] Specifically, the operating status of the single battery may be acquired through information monitored by sensors such as a voltage sensor and a current sensor in the battery data monitoring system.

[0065] S2012: Obtain parameter information of a single cell.

[0066] The parameter information of a single cell battery includes at least voltage information, current information, and temperature information, which can be obtained through a battery data monitoring system.

[0067] The voltage, current and temperature of each single cell are monitored in real time through the voltage sensor, current sensor and temperature sensor set in each single cell group.

[0068] The internal pressure of the battery can also be monitored through a pressure sensor, and the characteristic image monitoring uses an infrared imager to monitor the battery's thermal distribution information.

[0069] S2013: Confirm the estimated capacity based on the parameter information.

[0070] The battery data monitoring system monitors various parameter information of the single cell and transmits it to the battery balancing control system. The battery balancing control system calculates the capacity of each single cell based on the parameter information of the single cell, which is called the estimated capacity.

[0071] Specifically, the estimated capacity of each single battery can be estimated by using the Kalman filter method or the ampere-hour integration method. The Kalman filter method or the ampere-hour integration method are both commonly used algorithms for estimating battery capacity in the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0072] S202: Determine an average of the multiple estimated capacities as the actual capacity.

[0073] Each battery system includes multiple single cells. The estimated capacity of each single cell is estimated by the Kalman filter method or the ampere-hour integration method. The battery balancing control system averages the multiple estimated capacities and uses the calculated average battery capacity as the actual capacity of the single cell.

[0074] S203: When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than or equal to a first capacity threshold, performing equalization processing on the single battery cells.

[0075] Specifically, they include:

[0076] S2031: Classify the single cells based on the estimated capacity.

[0077] The battery balancing control system determines the storable capacity (in this embodiment, the estimated storable capacity) and available capacity (in this embodiment, the estimated available capacity) of the single cell based on the estimated capacity and actual capacity of the single cell. The battery balancing control system classifies each single cell according to the health status of the single cell. When the single cell is in the charging or discharging state, it can be divided into single cells with a capacity 10% higher than the actual capacity, single cells with a capacity 10% lower than the actual capacity, and other single cells. The balancing process is turned on for the first two types of single cells.

[0078] Equalize the classified cells

[0079] S2032, performing balancing processing based on the classified single cells.

[0080] During the charging process, the single cells with a deviation greater than or equal to 10% of the actual capacity, or during the discharging process, the single cells with a deviation less than or equal to 10% of the actual capacity are equalized.

[0081] Specifically, when the absolute value of the estimated capacity C minus the actual capacity C1 is greater than or equal to the first capacity threshold, the equalization process for the single cell corresponding to the estimated capacity is started. The capacity threshold here can be set to C1*10%, that is, when |C-C1|≥C1*10%, the equalization process for the single cell is started.

[0082] There are two ways to determine when the balancing process ends. First, the balancing process can be ended based on the calculated balancing process duration. Second, the end of the balancing process can be determined based on the change between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity.

[0083] First, the equalization process may be terminated according to the calculated equalization process duration.

[0084] Calculate the duration of the equalization process. Specifically, a timer is set in the battery equalization control system. Within the preset duration of the timer, the battery data monitoring system monitors the changes in the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the single battery within the preset duration, and further obtains the charge capacity or discharge capacity of the single battery per unit time. The duration of the equalization process can be calculated based on the battery operating status, the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity, and the voltage and current of charging and discharging.

[0085] For example, the single cell and the battery system are in a charging state, and the single cell with a deviation of less than 10% of the actual capacity is equalized. Specifically, the first switch in the other single cell group is disconnected and the second switch is closed, so that only the single cell with a deviation of less than 10% of the actual capacity is charged. The estimated capacity of the single cell is C, the actual capacity is C1, and the capacity deviation is ΔC = |C-C1|; the capacity of the single cell that can be charged per unit time is C', and the equalization processing time (i.e., charging time) The single battery to be balanced is subjected to equalization processing according to the equalization processing time T calculated by the battery equalization control system.

[0086] The second method is to determine the end of the balancing process by the change between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity.

[0087] When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the balancing process is stopped.

[0088] Since the battery data monitoring system and the battery balancing control system work in real time, the real-time estimated capacity of each single battery can be obtained. When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the balancing process is stopped.

[0089] The second capacity threshold can be set to actual capacity*5%, that is, when ΔC≤C1*5%, the equalization process for the single cell is stopped. At this time, the second switch is opened, the first switch is closed, and the single cell is reconnected to the battery system.

[0090] Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery capacity balancing system, such as Figure 4 As shown, the system includes:

[0091] The acquisition module 301 is used to acquire the estimated capacity of each single battery.

[0092] The determination module 302 is used to determine the average values ​​of the multiple estimated capacities as the actual capacity of the single battery.

[0093] The balancing module 303 is configured to perform balancing processing on the single cells when the difference between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than a first capacity threshold.

[0094] The technical solutions in the above embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0095] Since each single cell is connected in series with the first switch 12 and then in parallel with the second switch 13 to form a single cell battery group 1, when the single cell 11 is operating normally, the first switch 12 is closed and the second switch 13 is disconnected. At this time, the single cell 11 is connected to the entire battery system and operates normally. When the single cell 11 detected by the battery data monitoring system 2 fails or needs to be balanced, the monitored parameter information or processed parameter information will be transmitted to the battery balancing control system 3. The battery balancing control system 3 controls the first switch 12 to be disconnected and the second switch 13 to be closed, so that the single cell 11 is disconnected from the entire battery system. However, since the second switch 13 is in a closed state, other adjacent single cells can still be connected to enable the entire battery system to operate normally.

[0096] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program or instruction. When the program or instruction is executed on a computer, the computer executes the battery system balancing method described in the above method embodiment.

[0097] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor coupled to a memory,

[0098] The processor is used to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the battery system balancing method as described in the above method embodiment.

[0099] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery system, characterized in that: include: A single battery (11), a battery data monitoring system (2) and a battery balancing control system (3); The battery data monitoring system (2) is connected to the single battery (11) to monitor parameter information of the single battery (11); The single cell battery (11) is connected in series with a first switch (12) and then connected in parallel with a second switch (13) to form a single cell battery group (1); The plurality of single battery groups (1) are arranged in a matrix form, and two adjacent single battery groups (1) are connected in series via a third switch (4) to form a battery system; The battery balancing control system (3) is connected to the first switch (12) and the second switch (13), and controls the opening and closing of the first switch (12) and the second switch (13) so as to connect or disconnect the single cell (11) from the battery system.

2. A battery system balancing method, characterized in that: Applicable to the battery system as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising: Obtaining an estimated capacity of the single battery; Determine an average of the plurality of estimated capacities as the actual capacity; When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than or equal to a first capacity threshold, the single battery is subjected to equalization processing.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Also includes: When the deviation between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is less than or equal to a second capacity threshold, the balancing process is stopped.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before performing the equalization process on the single battery, the method further includes: Calculating the duration of the equalization process; The balancing process is performed on the single battery according to the duration.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Before performing the equalization process on the single battery, the method further includes: The single cells are classified based on the estimated capacity.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The obtaining of the estimated capacity of the single battery includes: Obtaining parameter information of the single battery; The estimated capacity is confirmed based on the parameter information.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Before obtaining the estimated capacity of the single battery, the method further includes: The operating status of the battery system and the single battery is obtained.

8. A battery capacity equalization system, characterized in that: include An acquisition module is used to obtain the estimated capacity of each single battery; A determination module, used to determine the average of the plurality of estimated capacities as the actual capacity of the single battery; The balancing module is used to perform balancing processing on the single battery when the difference between the estimated capacity and the actual capacity is greater than a first capacity threshold.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the battery system balancing method according to any one of claims 2 to 7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: a processor coupled to the memory, The processor is used to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the battery system balancing method according to any one of claims 2 to 7.

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