One-key sequential control operation device for change-over switch of transformer substation

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-key sequential control operation device for a change-over switch of a transformer substation, and relates to the technical field of power system automation. The invention aims to improve the operation efficiency and reliability of the transformer substation by integrating automatic control, communication and safety protection technologies. Comprising a shell, and hardware auxiliary equipment, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a human-machine interface (HMI) and a power supply module are arranged in the shell. The hardware auxiliary device is composed of a terminal, a circuit breaker and an intermediate relay, a complete signal and power supply loop is formed, and the terminal is connected with the PLC, the HMI and the external execution device. The circuit breaker is connected with commercial power AC220V, and the PLC provides a driving signal for the intermediate relay through an output port to further control high-power or high-voltage equipment. Data transmission is carried out between the PLC and the HMI through an RS485 communication cable, and real-time monitoring and operation are ensured. The device effectively reduces the risk of manual operation, achieves the rapid, accurate and safe automatic operation of the change-over switch of the transformer substation, and provides a powerful guarantee for the stable power supply of a power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power system automation, and in particular to a one-button sequential control operating device for a substation switch. Background Art

[0002] The traditional substation switch operating device is mainly composed of basic electrical components, such as ordinary relays and contactors used to control the on and off of the circuit. Simple control logic is realized by connecting various components through hard wiring. Its control part and execution part are relatively independent and lack a tightly integrated design. In some early devices, the operation panel is mostly a simple combination of buttons and indicator lights. The operator sends operating instructions by manually pressing buttons. This method is cumbersome and error-prone. The various components are connected by a large number of wires and cables, and the wiring is complicated. Not only does it take up a large space, but also problems such as aging and loosening of the lines are prone to cause failures, and the maintenance cost is high. From the perspective of the positional relationship between the components, the electrical components are usually installed in the distribution cabinet in a scattered manner, and no reasonable layout optimization is carried out, resulting in insufficient utilization of the internal space of the distribution cabinet, poor heat dissipation, and affecting the stability and service life of the equipment.

[0003] The signal transmission of traditional devices mainly relies on the direct transmission of electrical signals. The operator's operation on the operation panel transmits the electrical signal to the corresponding relay or contactor through the wire. These actuators act directly after receiving the signal to complete the opening and closing of the switch. The whole process lacks intelligent signal processing and feedback mechanism, and it is impossible to monitor and accurately judge the operation results in real time. Once a fault occurs, it is difficult to quickly locate the problem.

[0004] In summary, the traditional substation switch operating device has the following problems:

[0005] 1. The operation is cumbersome and prone to errors: The traditional operation method relies on manual operation of buttons one by one. When performing a large number of switching operations, it is easy to cause omissions or misoperations due to fatigue or negligence. For example, forgetting to switch some "remote / local" switches to the correct position, thereby causing equipment failure or power grid accidents.

[0006] 2. Low efficiency: Since the switches are switched manually one by one, the operation process is time-consuming, especially when batch operations are required on multiple substation switches. This seriously affects the operating efficiency and dispatching flexibility of the power system and cannot meet the rapid response requirements of modern power systems.

[0007] 3. Lack of intelligent monitoring and feedback: The means of monitoring operation results and equipment status are limited. The success of the operation can only be judged by simple indicator lights or manual on-site inspections. It is impossible to obtain detailed operating data and status information of the equipment in real time. Once an operation abnormality or equipment failure occurs, it is difficult to discover and take effective measures in time, which increases power outage time and maintenance costs.

[0008] 4. Complex wiring and difficult maintenance: A large number of hard-wired connections make the internal wiring of the distribution cabinet chaotic, which not only affects the appearance, but also requires a lot of time and effort to find and deal with line problems during equipment upgrades or troubleshooting, increasing the difficulty and workload of maintenance and reducing the availability of equipment.

[0009] The reasons for the above problems are:

[0010] 1. Limitations of technical level: Early power system automation technology was not mature enough and lacked advanced intelligent control components and communication means. Only simple electrical control methods could be used to implement switch operations, and automated and intelligent operation management could not be achieved.

[0011] 2. Outdated design concepts: The design of traditional devices mainly focuses on the realization of basic functions, without fully considering the convenience of operators, operating efficiency and the intelligent development needs of the system. The design concepts of ergonomics and modern control theory are not introduced, resulting in many drawbacks in the actual application of the product.

[0012] 3. Lack of systematic integration: There is no effective systematic integration and optimized design between the components. The control part, execution part and monitoring part are relatively independent, and information cannot be quickly and accurately interacted and shared, which affects the performance and reliability of the entire device.

[0013] 4. Insufficient attention to equipment stability and maintainability: During the design and manufacturing process, the long-term stability of the equipment and the convenience of maintenance were not fully considered. The selected materials and manufacturing processes were not advanced enough, which led to the equipment being prone to failures and difficulty in troubleshooting and repairing, affecting the normal operation of the power system. Summary of the invention

[0014] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a one-button sequential control operation device for a substation switching switch, which aims to realize a fast, accurate, safe and automated operation process of the substation switching switch by integrating automatic control technology, communication technology and safety protection technology, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of substation operation, reducing the risk of misoperation caused by manual operation, and ensuring the stable power supply of the power system.

[0015] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0016] A one-button sequential control operating device for a substation transfer switch, the one-button sequential control operating device for a substation transfer switch comprises a housing, hardware auxiliary equipment installed in the housing, a programmable controller PLC, a human-machine interface HMI, and a power module;

[0017] The hardware auxiliary equipment includes terminals, circuit breakers, and intermediate relays. The terminals electrically connect the programmable controller PLC, the human-machine interface HMI, the power module, and the circuit breaker and trolley of the external execution equipment to form a complete signal and power supply circuit; the circuit breaker is connected to the AC220V input end of the mains power; the programmable controller PLC provides a driving signal to the intermediate relay coil through the output port, and the intermediate relay contacts are then connected to the control circuit of the external high-power equipment or high-voltage equipment; the programmable controller PLC and the human-machine interface HMI are connected through an RS485 communication cable; the power module converts AC220V into DC24V, and feeds power to the programmable controller PLC, the human-machine interface HMI and the hardware auxiliary equipment respectively.

[0018] Furthermore, the shell includes a control part shell and a main circuit part shell, and the control part shell and the main circuit part shell are connected by bolts or slots to form an integral shell; the control part shell accommodates a programmable controller PLC, a human-machine interface HMI and other weak-current components, and is made of high-strength engineering plastics or gold plates, with mounting brackets and slots reserved inside; the control part shell can shield external electromagnetic interference and reserve interfaces and heat dissipation holes; the main circuit part shell accommodates circuit breakers, relays and other high-voltage and high-current equipment, and is made of metal material, and the main circuit part shell provides good protection, heat dissipation and maintenance space.

[0019] Furthermore, the terminals are made of high-quality conductive materials and installed on the terminal block to realize the connection of various signals and power lines. The terminals electrically connect the programmable controller PLC, power module, human-machine interface HMI, circuit breaker of external equipment and trolley to ensure reliable transmission of signals and power. The circuit breaker is equipped with an electromagnetic or thermal magnetic tripping mechanism for overload and short circuit protection. The circuit breaker is the first level of protection and can quickly cut off the power supply in abnormal conditions to protect the safety of internal electrical components. The intermediate relay is driven by an electromagnetic coil and has normally open and normally closed contacts. The outer shell is made of insulating material. The intermediate relay amplifies, isolates and converts the output control signal of the programmable controller PLC, indirectly controls the external high voltage / high current equipment safely, and protects the PLC from external high potential shocks.

[0020] Furthermore, the programmable controller PLC uses a microprocessor and a programmable logic chip inside, which supports expansion modules, including communication modules and I / O modules; the programmable controller PLC has an RS485 communication interface, which interacts with the human-machine interface HMI and the background system for data; the I / O module contains multiple digital and analog input and output channels, which can collect device status and output control signals;

[0021] The programmable controller PLC is the core control unit, which actually receives instructions from the human-machine interface HMI or background system in real time and performs logical operations; the programmable controller PLC outputs control signals to the intermediate relay, and the programmable controller PLC collects the status of on-site equipment and transmits it back to the human-machine interface HMI to achieve one-key sequential control and safety management of on-site equipment.

[0022] Furthermore, the human-machine interface HMI is a 10-inch color LCD display with a built-in microcontroller and RS485 communication interface; the human-machine interface HMI is an interactive window between the operator and the system, which displays the equipment operation data and status information; at the same time, it can receive start and stop instructions, perform sequence configuration, and perform mode switching, and send instructions to the programmable controller PLC for execution.

[0023] Furthermore, the power module adopts AC220V input and is internally equipped with a transformer, a rectifier bridge, a filter capacitor, and a voltage stabilizing chip; the power module outputs a stable DC24V power supply to the PLC, human-machine interface, and hardware auxiliary equipment. When an input voltage abnormality or output overcurrent occurs, the power module cuts off the power supply and sends a warning signal.

[0024] One-key sequential control workflow and control method, which is based on the above-mentioned one-key sequential control operation device for substation switch, includes the following steps:

[0025] Step 1, hardware assembly: install the circuit breaker, programmable controller PLC, intermediate relay, power module, and human-machine interface in the corresponding position in the shell according to the design drawings, and ensure heat dissipation, reasonable layout, and firm fixation; connect the signal lines and power lines required by each component to the terminals in sequence according to the electrical schematic diagram, paying attention to the wire cross-section, insulation integrity, and shielding treatment; test the power module output DC24V, and confirm whether the I / O port of the programmable controller PLC and the display and communication functions of the human-machine interface HMI are normal;

[0026] Step 2, input operation instructions: switch modes through the human-machine interface HMI; if the local mode is selected, the remote function is locked; if the remote mode is selected, it cannot be turned on locally; in the remote state, the start sequence and time interval of each device must be set in sequence before one-button start and stop;

[0027] Step 3, signal command reception: data is transmitted between the human-machine interface HMI and the programmable controller PLC through the RS485 communication interface, the communication rate is set to 9600bps, and shielded twisted pair cables are used to reduce interference; operation instructions: start, stop, mode switching, are transmitted from the human-machine interface HMI to the programmable controller PLC; equipment operation data and status feedback are transmitted back to the human-machine interface HMI by the programmable controller PLC;

[0028] Step 4, instruction analysis and logic judgment: The programmable controller PLC reads the operation instruction type, which includes: start, stop, mode switching, parameter setting, and judges the start and stop sequence and waiting time according to the pre-programmed logic; the programmable controller PLC continuously monitors the feedback signal of the equipment. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered to prevent subsequent operations and send information to the human-machine interface HMI;

[0029] Step 5, sending the start signal: when the programmable controller PLC determines that the start condition is met according to the sequence, it sets the high level to the corresponding intermediate relay coil through the output port; the relay contact is connected to the external device control circuit, including: circuit breaker opening and closing coil, trolley drive motor, so as to realize the on-off control of the device action;

[0030] Step 6, equipment operation execution: the circuit breaker opening and closing action or the trolley advance and retreat is completed by the corresponding driving mechanism, and the position signal of the action node is returned to the programmable controller PLC in real time; the external device reports the current status back to the programmable controller PLC through the auxiliary contact and position sensor, including: opened, closed, advanced, and retreated, and the programmable controller PLC uses it as the logic basis for the next step;

[0031] Step 7, status confirmation and feedback: The programmable controller PLC detects the execution result; if normal, it returns the successful completion information to the human-machine interface HMI; if abnormal, the programmable controller PLC issues an alarm and displays the fault location and type on the human-machine interface HMI; the operator performs maintenance and troubleshooting according to the alarm information of the human-machine interface HMI; after confirming that the equipment is in a safe state, re-issue the command.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 4, instruction parsing and logic judgment, and step 5, the process of sending the start signal, it is necessary to start several devices in sequence according to the set time interval, and the logic adopts a sequential start algorithm.

[0033] Furthermore, the sequential startup algorithm is as follows: assuming that there are n devices in the system that need to be started in sequence in different time periods; the startup sequence of each device is numbered 1, 2, ..., n, and the corresponding startup interval is T 1,2 , T 2,3 , …, T n-1,n; After the operator sets the start and stop sequence of each device and the start interval of adjacent devices on the human-machine interface HMI, the programmable controller PLC executes the following timing logic according to the received instructions:

[0034] Step I, Initialization:

[0035] i=1, 1 is the current startup device number;

[0036] StartSignal(i)=0, the current device start signal is invalid by default;

[0037] Timer=0 timer initialization;

[0038] Step II, loop logic:

[0039] Send a start signal to the i-th device:

[0040] Startsignal(i)=1

[0041] Device i starts to boot;

[0042] The programmable controller PLC waits for the normal feedback signal FB(i) from device i. If within a certain monitoring time t check If the internal feedback is normal, proceed to the next step; if it times out or a fault alarm occurs, stop the subsequent operation and give an alarm;

[0043] If i<n, start the timer and wait for T i,i+1 Time interval:

[0044] Waiting time T i,i+1 ;

[0045] Let i←i+1, if i<n, repeat the above steps; if i>n, end the sequential control;

[0046] In the above steps, n is the number of devices that need to be started sequentially in the system; i is the number of the current startup device, with subscripts from 1 to n; T i,i+1 is the time interval between the start of the i-th device and the start of the i+1-th device, which is set by the operator on the human-machine interface HMI; Startsignal(i) is the start command signal for the i-th device, the logical value 1 indicates start, and 0 indicates not start; FB(i) is the operating status feedback signal of external device i, the logical value 1 indicates normal readiness, and 0 indicates failure or timeout; t check It is the maximum monitoring time that the programmable controller PLC waits for device feedback. If no normal feedback is received within the time limit, it is considered a fault.

[0047] Furthermore, the timing start algorithm is represented by a loop algorithm:

[0048] for i=1to n:Startsignal(i)←1, then the programmable controller PLC outputs a high level to the relay coil; waits for the feedback signal FB(i) of device i to be normal, if it is faulty, the alarm will be exited; if i<n, the waiting time T i,i+1 ;endfor.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] 1. Accurate and efficient operation control:

[0051] Intelligent command execution: With the programmable controller PLC as the core control unit and the convenient operation of the human-machine interface, precise control of the substation switch is achieved. After the operator sets the remote or local mode of the equipment and the corresponding operating parameters (such as start-stop sequence, time interval, etc.) on the human-machine interface, the PLC can quickly and accurately parse and execute these instructions. For example, when performing a remote one-button start and stop operation of the equipment, the PLC sends control signals to various external devices (such as circuit breakers, trolleys, etc.) according to the preset logic, strictly in accordance with the set start sequence and precise time interval, to ensure that the equipment starts or stops in an orderly manner according to the predetermined program, avoiding equipment malfunctions or confusion in the operation sequence caused by the inaccuracy of human operation, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of the operation.

[0052] Real-time status monitoring and feedback: PLC monitors the operation data and status of the equipment in real time, and quickly transmits this information to the human-machine interface for display through RS485 communication. The operator can intuitively see the current status of the equipment, including the opening and closing positions of the switch, the operating parameters of the equipment (such as voltage, current, etc.), and the execution of the operation. This real-time status feedback mechanism enables the operator to understand the operating status of the equipment in a timely manner and respond quickly when abnormal situations occur, further improving the safety and controllability of the operation. For example, when a certain device fails during the startup process, the PLC can immediately detect the fault signal and feedback it to the human-machine interface. The operator can take corresponding measures in time according to the feedback information, such as stopping the operation, troubleshooting, etc., to avoid further expansion of the fault and ensure the stable operation of the power system.

[0053] 2. Reliable safety performance:

[0054] Safety mechanism to prevent misoperation: The one-button sequential control device effectively solves the problem of misoperation that is prone to occur in traditional manual operation through precise control of the background machine. Whether switching all switches to local or switching a single switch remotely, the operator does not need to directly touch the switch, reducing the possibility of grid and equipment risks caused by human error. At the same time, the design of the device also takes into account multiple safety protection measures, such as setting up operation authority management, operation confirmation prompts and other functions during the operation process, to further ensure the safety of the operation. For example, only authorized operators can log in to the human-machine interface to operate, and before performing important operations (such as starting or stopping the equipment), the system will pop up a confirmation prompt box, requiring the operator to confirm the operation intention again, to avoid safety accidents caused by misoperation, and provide reliable protection for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0055] Stability in dealing with abnormal situations: The device has shown excellent stability and reliability in the face of various abnormal electrical signals and operating conditions. For example, when subjected to abnormal situations such as electromagnetic interference and voltage fluctuations, the hardware part of the device can effectively resist external interference and ensure the normal operation of internal electrical components; at the same time, the software part (such as the control program in the PLC) has perfect fault diagnosis and fault tolerance functions, which can detect abnormal situations in time and take corresponding protective measures, such as automatically cutting off the power supply of the faulty equipment and issuing alarm signals, etc., to prevent abnormal situations from causing further damage to the equipment and ensure the safe operation of the entire power system.

[0056] 3. Good system compatibility and scalability:

[0057] Seamless integration with existing systems: The device fully considers the compatibility with existing substation equipment and systems during the design and development process, and can be easily integrated and connected with other systems such as the substation monitoring system and dispatching system. By adopting the standardized communication interface and protocol RS485, data interaction and collaborative work with other devices are realized. For example, the device can feed back the operation results and equipment status information to the substation monitoring system in real time, which is convenient for the operators to carry out unified monitoring and management; at the same time, it can also receive remote operation instructions issued by the dispatching system to realize remote centralized control of substation equipment, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency and management level of the power system.

[0058] Flexible functional expansion capability: Its structural design is simple and has good scalability, which provides convenient conditions for future functional upgrades and expansions. With the continuous development and increasing intelligence of the power system, it may be necessary to add new functional modules to the device, such as adding control over more types of equipment, implementing more complex operating logic, etc. The modular design concept of the device makes it easy to expand its functions without changing the overall structure. For example, by adding new control program modules to the PLC, or adding new operating interfaces and function buttons to the human-machine interface, the control of new equipment and the integration of new functions can be achieved to meet the ever-changing needs of the power system, with strong adaptability and foresight. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of electrical connection of a one-button sequential control operation device for a substation switch of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 It is a circuit diagram of a programmable controller PLC of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the one-key sequential control workflow and control method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them.

[0064] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] Traditional manual operation has the problems of low efficiency, easy omission, high risk of misoperation, etc. Therefore, this embodiment provides a one-key sequential control operation device for a substation switch, the one-key sequential control operation device for a substation switch includes a housing, such as Figure 1 As shown, hardware auxiliary equipment, a programmable controller PLC, a human-machine interface HMI, and a power module are installed in the shell.

[0067] Among them, the shell is divided into the control part shell and the main circuit part shell. The control part shell size is 500*400*300, made of high-strength engineering plastics or metal sheets, with good electromagnetic shielding performance, can effectively block the influence of external electromagnetic interference on internal electronic components; its internal structure is reasonably designed, with multiple mounting brackets and card slots, which are convenient for the fixation and installation of control components such as programmable controller PLC and human-machine interface HMI. At the same time, various interfaces and heat dissipation holes are reserved on the shell to ensure signal connection and heat dissipation during normal operation of the equipment. The main circuit part shell size is 500*600*250, made of metal material, with strong mechanical strength and fireproof performance, used to protect high-voltage and high-current equipment such as circuit breakers and relays in the main circuit. Its internal space is spacious, convenient for wiring and equipment maintenance, and the shell surface is rust-proofed to adapt to the complex working environment of the substation.

[0068] The housing provides physical protection and electromagnetic shielding for the entire device, protecting the internal electrical components from external environmental factors such as dust, moisture, electromagnetic interference, mechanical shock, etc., to ensure the stable operation of the system. The control part housing and the main circuit part housing are tightly combined by bolt connection or slot matching to form a complete closed space, which together provide guarantee for the normal operation of the system.

[0069] Hardware auxiliary equipment: including terminals, circuit breakers, intermediate relays and other components. The terminals are made of high-quality conductive materials, with good conductivity and connection stability, and are used to connect various wires to ensure the reliable transmission of signals and power; the circuit breaker has overload and short-circuit protection functions, and its internal electromagnetic tripping mechanism can quickly cut off the power supply when an abnormality occurs in the circuit to protect the entire system from damage; the intermediate relay works on the electromagnetic principle and has multiple normally open and normally closed contacts, which can realize the amplification, isolation and conversion of control signals. Its shell is made of insulating material to prevent electric shock accidents.

[0070] These hardware auxiliary devices play a key role in wiring, power supply, isolation, etc. in the entire control cabinet system. The terminals connect the electrical circuits of the programmable controller PLC, power module, human-machine interface HMI and external devices (such as circuit breakers, trolleys, etc.) to form a complete circuit path; the circuit breaker is connected to the power input line as the first protective barrier of the system to prevent damage to the equipment due to abnormal external power supply; the intermediate relay acts according to the control signal of the programmable controller PLC, and its contacts are connected to the control circuit of the external device to achieve indirect control of the equipment, ensuring the stable transmission of the control signal and the safe operation of the equipment. At the same time, it also plays the role of isolating the programmable controller PLC from high-voltage and high-current devices to protect the programmable controller PLC from damage.

[0071] Programmable controller PLC: Programmable controller PLC is the core control unit of the system, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it uses advanced microprocessors and programmable logic chips, and has powerful data processing and logic operation capabilities. It stores pre-written control programs internally, and connects multiple expansion modules such as communication modules, input and output modules, etc. through the backplane bus to achieve communication and data interaction with external devices. The communication module supports the RS485 communication protocol and can perform stable and reliable data transmission with the human-machine interface HMI, background system and other intelligent devices; the input and output module has multiple digital and analog input and output channels, which can receive status signals of external devices (such as switch signals, sensor analog signals, etc.), and send control signals to external devices to achieve real-time monitoring and precise control of the equipment.

[0072] The programmable controller PLC is responsible for receiving the operation instructions issued by the operator through the human-machine interface HMI or the background system, parsing and logically judging these instructions, and sending control signals to hardware auxiliary devices such as intermediate relays through the output port according to the preset equipment start-stop sequence and interval time, thereby indirectly controlling the operation of external devices (such as the opening and closing of circuit breakers, the entry and exit of trolleys, etc.). At the same time, the programmable controller PLC collects the operation data and status information of external devices in real time (such as the position signal of the equipment, current and voltage values, etc.), and transmits these data to the human-machine interface through the communication module for display, so that the operator can understand the operation status of the equipment in a timely manner, realize the intelligent control and management of the entire system, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the operation.

[0073] Human-machine interface HMI: The human-machine interface HMI adopts a 10-inch color LCD display with a high-definition display screen, high brightness, high resolution and good viewing angle, and can clearly display various information under the complex lighting environment of the substation. It integrates components such as microcontrollers, graphics processing chips and communication interfaces, and is connected to the programmable controller PLC through the RS485 communication interface to achieve two-way data transmission. The human-machine interface HMI is used by operators to input operating instructions and set parameters, such as start-stop sequence, start-stop time interval, local and remote switching, etc. The operating buttons are waterproof, dustproof, and anti-mistouch design to ensure normal operation in harsh environments.

[0074] The human-machine interface (HMI) is an interactive window between the operator and the device, which displays the equipment operation data and status collected by the programmable controller (PLC), so that the operator can intuitively understand the operation of the system. The operator issues various operation instructions through the human-machine interface, such as: selecting the remote or local control mode of the equipment, starting and stopping all equipment with one button, and setting the start sequence and time interval of the equipment. These instructions are transmitted to the programmable controller (PLC) through the communication interface. The programmable controller (PLC) performs the corresponding control operation according to the instructions, realizing efficient interaction between man and machine, improving the convenience and accuracy of operation, and reducing the risk of human error.

[0075] Power module: The power module input is AC220V mains electricity, and the internal components are mainly composed of transformers, rectifier bridges, filter capacitors, voltage regulator chips and other circuit components. The transformer steps down the input AC power to a suitable voltage value, the rectifier bridge converts the AC power into DC power, the filter capacitor filters the DC power to remove clutter and ripples, and the voltage regulator chip stabilizes the voltage at DC24V, providing a stable and pure DC power supply for system components such as programmable controllers PLCs and human-machine interfaces HMI. The power module also has a complete overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit. When the input voltage is too high or the output current is too large, the protection circuit starts quickly, cuts off the power output, and prevents equipment damage. At the same time, it notifies the operator through indicator lights or alarm signals to troubleshoot and handle the fault.

[0076] As the core of the system power supply, the power module converts the mains power into the DC power required by the system, providing stable and reliable power supply for the programmable controller PLC, human-machine interface HMI and hardware auxiliary equipment such as the control coil of the intermediate relay, ensuring the stable operation of the entire system under normal power supply environment. The connection method between the power module and other components is: connect the AC220V input to the mains socket through the power cord, and connect the output DC24V power cord to the power input interface of the programmable controller PLC, human-machine interface HMI and other devices respectively, forming a complete power supply circuit, ensuring the normal operation of each device, and avoiding system failure and data loss due to power supply problems.

[0077] In summary, the one-button sequential control operation device of the substation transfer switch realizes remote or local precise control of the substation equipment by combining the background system with the programmable controller PLC. At the same time, it has complete safety protection and status monitoring functions to ensure the efficiency, safety and reliability of the power system operation.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] Based on the one-key sequential control operation device for substation switch provided in Example 1, this embodiment provides a one-key sequential control workflow and control method, such as Figure 3 As shown, the one-key sequential control workflow and control method include the following steps:

[0080] Step 1, hardware assembly: install the circuit breaker, programmable controller PLC, intermediate relay, power module, and human-machine interface in the corresponding position in the shell according to the design drawings, and ensure heat dissipation, reasonable layout, and firm fixation; connect the signal lines and power lines required by each component to the terminals in sequence according to the electrical schematic diagram, paying attention to the wire cross-section, insulation integrity, and shielding treatment; test the power module output DC24V, and confirm whether the I / O port of the programmable controller PLC and the display and communication functions of the human-machine interface HMI are normal;

[0081] Step 2, input operation instructions: switch modes through the human-machine interface HMI; if the local mode is selected, the remote function is locked; if the remote mode is selected, it cannot be turned on locally; in the remote state, the start sequence and time interval of each device must be set in sequence before one-button start and stop;

[0082] Step 3, signal command reception: data is transmitted between the human-machine interface HMI and the programmable controller PLC through the RS485 communication interface, the communication rate is set to 9600bps, and shielded twisted pair cables are used to reduce interference; operation instructions: start, stop, mode switching, are transmitted from the human-machine interface HMI to the programmable controller PLC; equipment operation data and status feedback are transmitted back to the human-machine interface HMI by the programmable controller PLC;

[0083] Step 4, instruction analysis and logic judgment: The programmable controller PLC reads the operation instruction type, which includes: start, stop, mode switching, parameter setting, and judges the start and stop sequence and waiting time according to the pre-programmed logic; the programmable controller PLC continuously monitors the feedback signal of the equipment. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered to prevent subsequent operations and send information to the human-machine interface HMI;

[0084] Step 5, sending the start signal: when the programmable controller PLC determines that the start condition is met according to the sequence, it sets the high level to the corresponding intermediate relay coil through the output port; the relay contact is connected to the external device control circuit, including: circuit breaker opening and closing coil, trolley drive motor, so as to realize the on-off control of the device action;

[0085] Step 6, equipment operation execution: the circuit breaker opening and closing action or the trolley advance and retreat is completed by the corresponding driving mechanism, and the position signal of the action node is returned to the programmable controller PLC in real time; the external device reports the current status back to the programmable controller PLC through the auxiliary contact and position sensor, including: opened, closed, advanced, and retreated, and the programmable controller PLC uses it as the logic basis for the next step;

[0086] Step 7, status confirmation and feedback: The programmable controller PLC detects the execution result; if normal, it returns the successful completion information to the human-machine interface HMI; if abnormal, the programmable controller PLC issues an alarm and displays the fault location and type on the human-machine interface HMI; the operator performs maintenance and troubleshooting according to the alarm information of the human-machine interface HMI; after confirming that the equipment is in a safe state, re-issue the command.

[0087] Among them, during the instruction parsing and logic judgment in step 4 and the start signal sending process in step 5, it is necessary to start several devices in sequence according to the set time interval. The logic adopts a sequential start algorithm, which is as follows:

[0088] The timing startup algorithm is: assuming that there are n devices in the system that need to be started in sequence in different time periods; the startup sequence of each device is numbered 1, 2, ..., n, and the corresponding startup interval time is T 1,2 , T 2,3 ,…,T n-1,n ; After the operator sets the start and stop sequence of each device and the start interval of adjacent devices on the human-machine interface HMI, the programmable controller PLC executes the following timing logic according to the received instructions:

[0089] Step I, Initialization:

[0090] i=1, 1 is the current startup device number;

[0091] StartSignal(i)=0, the current device start signal is invalid by default;

[0092] Timer=0 timer initialization;

[0093] Step II, loop logic:

[0094] Send a start signal to the i-th device:

[0095] Startsignal(i)=1

[0096] Device i starts to boot;

[0097] The programmable controller PLC waits for the normal feedback signal FB(i) from device i. If within a certain monitoring time t check If the internal feedback is normal, proceed to the next step; if it times out or a fault alarm occurs, stop the subsequent operation and give an alarm;

[0098] If i<n, start the timer and wait for T i,i+1 Time interval:

[0099] Waiting time T i,i+1 ;

[0100] Let i←i+1, if i<n, repeat the above steps; if i>n, end the sequential control;

[0101] In the above steps, n is the number of devices that need to be started sequentially in the system; i is the number of the current startup device, with subscripts from 1 to n; T i,i+1 is the time interval between the start of the i-th device and the start of the i+1-th device, which is set by the operator on the human-machine interface HMI; Startsignal(i) is the start command signal for the i-th device, the logical value 1 indicates start, and 0 indicates not start; FB(i) is the operating status feedback signal of external device i, the logical value 1 indicates normal readiness, and 0 indicates failure or timeout; t check It is the maximum monitoring time that the programmable controller PLC waits for device feedback. If no normal feedback is received within the time limit, it is considered a fault.

[0102] Furthermore, the timing start algorithm can be expressed as a loop algorithm:

[0103] for i=1to n:Startsignal(i)←1, then the programmable controller PLC outputs a high level to the relay coil; waits for the feedback signal FB(i) of device i to be normal, if it is faulty, the alarm will be exited; if i<n, the waiting time T i,i+1 ;endfor.

[0104] Based on Example 1 and Example 2, the difference between the one-button sequential control operation device of the substation switch and the existing technology is as follows: 1. Innovative background machine control mode: the background machine is used to intelligently control the "remote / local" switch to realize a single or unified switching function. Through the unified control of the background machine, all relevant switches can be switched to "local" at one time, which effectively solves the omission problem that is easy to occur in traditional manual operation and avoids the risk of load misoperation caused by omission; at the same time, when a single switch needs to be "remotely" switched, it can also be accurately controlled by the background machine to prevent personnel from misoperating, greatly improving the safety and accuracy of the operation. 2. Efficient operation process optimization: Through precise control of the equipment start-stop sequence and interval time and one-button operation, the operation process of the substation switch is simplified and the operation time is significantly shortened. Compared with traditional manual operation, the device can quickly and batch complete the equipment switching operation, which improves the operation efficiency by more than 90%, provides strong support for the rapid response and flexible scheduling of the power system, and adapts to the needs of modern power systems for efficient operation. 3. Reliable safety protection mechanism: Multiple safety protection measures are integrated, including hardware locking mechanism, software logic judgment, overvoltage and overcurrent protection, etc., which effectively prevent the occurrence of misoperation and electrical accidents. For example, in terms of hardware, through the interlocking of the intermediate relay and the mechanical interlocking of the contactor, it is ensured that only one control signal is valid at the same time, avoiding misoperation caused by control signal conflicts; in terms of software, strict operation authority management and operation process verification are set up, and only authorized operators can perform corresponding operations. In the operation process, the system will verify and confirm the operation instructions multiple times to ensure the accuracy and safety of the operation, and ensure the stable operation of the power equipment and the personal safety of the operator. 4. Fundamental change in operation mode: Traditional technology mainly relies on manual on-site operation. Operators need to go to the site to switch the "remote / local" switch one by one. This method is not only cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also prone to omissions and misoperation. The one-button sequential control device of the substation switch is remotely controlled by the background machine. The operator only needs to input simple operation instructions through the human-machine interface in the control room to achieve precise control of the substation equipment without direct contact with the equipment, which greatly improves the convenience and safety of operation, avoids operational errors caused by human factors, and fundamentally changes the operation mode of substation equipment. 5. Significant improvement in control accuracy and reliability: Existing technologies often lack precise start-stop sequence and time interval control in equipment control, which can easily lead to current shock, voltage fluctuation and other problems in the equipment switching process, affecting the stability of the power system.The one-button sequential control device for the substation switch can accurately set the start and stop sequence and time interval of the equipment according to the characteristics of the equipment and the requirements of the power system through the precise control of the programmable controller PLC and the preset logic program, ensuring the smooth operation of the equipment during the switching process, reducing the impact on the power system, and improving the stability and reliability of the power system. At the same time, the one-button sequential control device for the substation switch has a complete state monitoring and feedback mechanism, which can monitor the operating status of the equipment in real time, discover and handle abnormal situations in time, further improve reliability and safety, and has obvious advantages over traditional technologies. 6. A leap in the level of intelligence: Compared with traditional substation operation technology, the one-button sequential control device for the substation switch makes full use of modern information to realize remote monitoring, intelligent operation and automatic operation of the equipment. Through close integration with the background system, it can collect and analyze the operating data of the equipment in real time, perform self-diagnosis and optimization control according to the preset intelligent algorithm, such as automatically adjusting the operating status of the equipment according to the changes in the power load, and realizing the economic operation and energy saving and consumption reduction of the power system. In addition, the system also has remote upgrade and maintenance functions, which makes it convenient for technicians to update and optimize the system so that it can better adapt to the development needs of the power system and promote the rapid development of substations towards intelligence. Traditional technologies are relatively low in intelligence and cannot meet the requirements of modern power systems for intelligent management.

[0105] At the same time, it should be pointed out that the above description is only a typical embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any changes made to the above embodiments based on the ideas and technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. One-button sequential control operation device for substation switch, characterized by: The one-button sequential control operation device for a substation transfer switch comprises a housing, hardware auxiliary equipment installed in the housing, a programmable controller PLC, a human-machine interface HMI, and a power module; The hardware auxiliary equipment includes terminals, circuit breakers, and intermediate relays. The terminals electrically connect the programmable controller PLC, the human-machine interface HMI, the power module, and the circuit breaker and trolley of the external execution equipment to form a complete signal and power supply circuit; the circuit breaker is connected to the AC220V input end of the mains power; the programmable controller PLC provides a driving signal to the intermediate relay coil through the output port, and the intermediate relay contacts are then connected to the control circuit of the external high-power equipment or high-voltage equipment; the programmable controller PLC and the human-machine interface HMI are connected through an RS485 communication cable; the power module converts AC220V into DC24V, and feeds power to the programmable controller PLC, the human-machine interface HMI and the hardware auxiliary equipment respectively.

2. The one-button sequential control operation device for substation switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shell includes a control part shell and a main circuit part shell, and the control part shell and the main circuit part shell are connected by bolts or slots to form an integral shell; the control part shell accommodates a programmable controller PLC, a human-machine interface HMI and other weak-current components, and is made of high-strength engineering plastics or gold plates, with mounting brackets and slots reserved inside; the control part shell can shield external electromagnetic interference and has reserved interfaces and heat dissipation holes; the main circuit part shell accommodates circuit breakers, relays and other high-voltage and high-current equipment, and is made of metal material, and the main circuit part shell provides good protection, heat dissipation and maintenance space.

3. The one-button sequential control operation device for substation switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The terminals are made of high-quality conductive materials and installed on the terminal block to connect various signals and power lines. They electrically connect the programmable controller PLC, power module, human-machine interface HMI, circuit breaker of external equipment and trolley to ensure reliable transmission of signals and power; the circuit breaker is equipped with an electromagnetic or thermal magnetic tripping mechanism for overload and short circuit protection. The circuit breaker is the first level of protection and can quickly cut off the power supply in abnormal conditions to protect the safety of internal electrical components; the intermediate relay is driven by an electromagnetic coil, has normally open and normally closed contacts, and the outer shell is made of insulating material. The intermediate relay amplifies, isolates and converts the output control signal of the programmable controller PLC, indirectly controls the external high voltage / high current equipment safely, and protects the PLC from external high potential shocks.

4. The one-button sequential control operation device for substation switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The programmable controller PLC uses a microprocessor and a programmable logic chip inside, which supports expansion modules, including communication modules and I / O modules; the programmable controller PLC has an RS485 communication interface, which interacts with the human-machine interface HMI and the background system for data; the I / O module contains multiple digital and analog input and output channels, which can collect device status and output control signals; The programmable controller PLC is the core control unit, which actually receives instructions from the human-machine interface HMI or background system in real time and performs logical operations; the programmable controller PLC outputs control signals to the intermediate relay, and the programmable controller PLC collects the status of on-site equipment and transmits it back to the human-machine interface HMI to achieve one-key sequential control and safety management of on-site equipment.

5. The one-button sequential control operation device for substation transfer switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The human-machine interface HMI is a 10-inch color LCD display with a built-in microcontroller and RS485 communication interface; the human-machine interface HMI is an interactive window between the operator and the system, which displays the equipment operation data and status information; at the same time, it can receive start and stop instructions, perform sequence configuration, and perform mode switching, and send instructions to the programmable controller PLC for execution.

6. The one-button sequential control operation device for substation transfer switch according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power module adopts AC220V input and is equipped with a transformer, a rectifier bridge, a filter capacitor, and a voltage stabilizing chip inside; the power module outputs a stable DC24V power supply to the PLC, human-machine interface, and hardware auxiliary equipment. When an abnormal input voltage or output overcurrent occurs, the power module cuts off the power supply and sends a warning signal.

7. One-key sequential control workflow and control method, the one-key sequential control workflow and control method are based on the one-key sequential control operation device for substation transfer switches according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, hardware assembly: install the circuit breaker, programmable controller PLC, intermediate relay, power module, and human-machine interface in the corresponding position in the shell according to the design drawings, and ensure heat dissipation, reasonable layout, and firm fixation; connect the signal lines and power lines required by each component to the terminals in sequence according to the electrical schematic diagram, paying attention to the wire cross-section, insulation integrity, and shielding treatment; test the power module output DC24V, and confirm whether the I / O port of the programmable controller PLC and the display and communication functions of the human-machine interface HMI are normal; Step 2, inputting operation instructions: switching modes through the human-machine interface HMI; If the local mode is selected, the remote function is locked; if the remote mode is selected, the local function cannot be turned on; in the remote state, the start sequence and time interval of each device must be set in sequence before one-button start and stop; Step 3, signal command reception: data is transmitted between the human-machine interface HMI and the programmable controller PLC through the RS485 communication interface, the communication rate is set to 9600bps, and shielded twisted pair cables are used to reduce interference; operation instructions: start, stop, mode switching, are transmitted from the human-machine interface HMI to the programmable controller PLC; equipment operation data and status feedback are transmitted back to the human-machine interface HMI by the programmable controller PLC; Step 4, instruction analysis and logic judgment: The programmable controller PLC reads the operation instruction type, which includes: start, stop, mode switching, parameter setting, and judges the start and stop sequence and waiting time according to the pre-programmed logic; the programmable controller PLC continuously monitors the feedback signal of the equipment. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered to prevent subsequent operations and send information to the human-machine interface HMI; Step 5, sending the start signal: when the programmable controller PLC determines that the start condition is met according to the sequence, it sets the high level to the corresponding intermediate relay coil through the output port; the relay contact is connected to the external device control circuit, including: circuit breaker opening and closing coil, trolley drive motor, so as to realize the on-off control of the device action; Step 6, equipment operation execution: the circuit breaker opening and closing action or the trolley advance and retreat is completed by the corresponding driving mechanism, and the position signal of the action node is returned to the programmable controller PLC in real time; the external device reports the current status back to the programmable controller PLC through the auxiliary contact and position sensor, including: opened, closed, advanced, and retreated, and the programmable controller PLC uses it as the logic basis for the next step; Step 7, status confirmation and feedback: The programmable controller PLC detects the execution result; if normal, it returns the successful completion information to the human-machine interface HMI; if abnormal, the programmable controller PLC issues an alarm and displays the fault location and type on the human-machine interface HMI; the operator performs maintenance and troubleshooting according to the alarm information of the human-machine interface HMI; after confirming that the equipment is in a safe state, re-issue the command.

8. The one-key sequential control workflow and control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4, instruction parsing and logic judgment, and in step 5, the process of sending the start signal, it is necessary to start several devices in sequence according to the set time interval. This logic adopts a sequential start algorithm.

9. The one-key sequential control workflow and control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The timing startup algorithm is: assuming that there are n devices in the system that need to be started in sequence in different time periods; the startup sequence of each device is numbered 1, 2, ..., n, and the corresponding startup interval time is T 1,2 , T 2,3 ,…,T n-1,n ; After the operator sets the start and stop sequence of each device and the start interval of adjacent devices on the human-machine interface HMI, the programmable controller PLC executes the following timing logic according to the received instructions: Step I, Initialization: i=1, 1 is the current startup device number; StartSignal(i)=0, the current device start signal is invalid by default; Timer=0 timer initialization; Step II, loop logic: Send a start signal to the i-th device: Startsignal(i)=1 Device i starts to boot; The programmable controller PLC waits for the normal feedback signal FB(i) from device i. If within a certain monitoring time t check If the internal feedback is normal, proceed to the next step; if it times out or a fault alarm occurs, stop the subsequent operation and give an alarm; If i<n, start the timer and wait for T i,i+1 Time interval: Waiting time T i,i+1 ; Let i←i+1, if i<n, repeat the above steps; if i>n, end the sequential control; In the above steps, n is the number of devices that need to be started sequentially in the system; i is the number of the current startup device, with subscripts from 1 to n; T i,i+1 is the time interval between the start of the i-th device and the start of the i+1-th device, which is set by the operator on the human-machine interface HMI; Startsignal(i) is the start command signal for the i-th device, the logical value 1 indicates start, and 0 indicates not start; FB(i) is the operating status feedback signal of external device i, the logical value 1 indicates normal readiness, and 0 indicates failure or timeout; t check It is the maximum monitoring time that the programmable controller PLC waits for device feedback. If no normal feedback is received within the time limit, it is considered a fault.

10. The one-key sequential control workflow and control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The timing start algorithm is expressed as a loop algorithm: for i=1to n:Startsignal(i)←1, then the programmable controller PLC outputs a high level to the relay coil; waits for the feedback signal FB(i) of device i to be normal, if it is faulty, the alarm will be exited; if i<n, the waiting time T i,i+1 ; end for.

Images